What is the distance between rafters of a two-sheet roof. Duscade roof: a rafter system under a professional flooring, a photo, drawing. Calculation, installation with your own hands of the rafting system of the bone roof. The distance between the rapid roof rafters under the corrugated floor. Roof

One of the important stages of any construction is the construction of a roof of the building, the basis of which is the installation of the rafter system. From how correctly the step of the rafter is chosen, i.e. the distance between them, the uniform distribution of the roofing weight on the frame, the reliability of the roof and the duration of its operation will be completely dependent. With any minor calculation error, damage and collapse of the whole roof may occur.

Collect the required settlement values \u200b\u200bfor setting a step

The rafter system includes the following components:

farms;
skate and sidebars;
maurylalat;
diagonal elements.

Farms consist of a riglel, bases, rafting legs, binding and fasteners. Stropile legs are beams located along the skates, the lower ends of which are connected to the Mauerlat, and the top - with runs.

Step rafters is the exact distance between two rapid legs.

To obtain an accurately specified value, you must first find out the values \u200b\u200bof some important values \u200b\u200bfor this.
All calculations on the roof covering system correctly produce at home design. This responsible business can be held or entrusted to its specialists. The more accurate the calculations, the stronger will be the base for the roof.

To properly produce all the required calculations, including the size of the step of the rafter, you need to know:
constant and temporary loads;

their size;

the corner of the skate;

kind of roofing;

material manufacturing rafters;

roof type.

One of the indicators that must be taken into account when calculating the timing step, constant and temporary loads are considered. These include:

the weight of roofing and rafter design;

the weight of the inner finish of the roof;

weight of snow cover;

human weight conducting roof service.

It should be noted that these data are taken in special tables developed by scientists, depending on climatic zones, according to various territorial regions.

The angle of the skate can be determined, knowing the length of the wall at home and the height of the roof. The cooler roof, the items set more, since the load on such roofs will be transmitted mainly on the bearing walls. Learning further calculations, the length of the rafter is easily calculated. Most often they have standard quantities: 4 and 6 m.

For the manufacture of roofing system, the wood of coniferous trees is well suitable. The sawn timber should be high-quality, without bitch, rot. Before working, all wooden elements need to be treated with antiseptic special compositions.

The step of the rafter will depend on the type of roof, i.e. from the functional features and its shape. The magnitude of a simple and complex roof will be different.

What will affect the type of roofing on the step of the rafter should be considered in more detail.

General technology for calculating the distance between rafyles

Making all the necessary measurements, you can make a constructive calculation of the step of the rafter. Based on the practice, this indicator is in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 m.

To independently correct this calculation, you need to follow the following technology:

The total length of the roofing slope is taken.

The optimal step of the rafter farm is selected.

The length of the skate must be divided into a step of rafters.

The unit adds to the value.

For an integer number, the result is rounded in the biggest.

Such a calculation is the number of rafting farms (rafting feet) located on one roof slope.

Now the whole length of the roofing slope is divided into the resulting value indicating the number of farms. Thus, the step of the rafter is determined.

It should be noted that this calculation is made in the center of future rafters. However, the calculations cannot be considered accurate and constant. In each case, the construction of the roof of the house is also taken into account angle of the roof, and the features of the selected roofing material, and other indicators. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the features of the choice of the step of the rafted for the most common roofing materials: metal and ceramic tiles, professional flooring, slate and ondulin.

Features when choosing a distance between rafters for metallic and ceramic tiles

Metal tile as roofing is extremely common in both urban and country construction. The design of the rafting roof system itself when using metal tile will differ little from the general scheme. However, due to the fact that this building material has a small weight, rafters and other elements of the system can take a smaller cross section, i.e. with a smaller margin of strength. The distance between the rafters when using metal tile is 60-95 cm. Performance of all work on the installation of the roof from metal tile is much easier than from other roofing materials. The feature of the device of the crates of this material is that the board near the eaves should be thicker than 1.5 cm. Usually, the cross section of a rafter from metal tile is 50x150 mm.

Ceramic tile is a roofing material having a significant weight, which is 10 times more than the weight of the metal tile. In this regard, it is necessary to more thoroughly approach the calculation of the rafting roof system. It should be slightly increased - to 60x180 mm. The average distance between rafters for coating from ceramic tile is installed in the range of 0.8-1.3 m. It is necessarily taken into account the angle of slopes of the slopes: the distance between the rafters is made more than above the roof.

The length of the rafter legs in this case will have a strong impact on the result. The distance between the rafters is reduced with an increase in their length.. With their long-length, there may be increased loads that can be significantly reduced if you additionally install a system of subproofing supports of racks and other elements.

Features when choosing a step rafters for slate, professional flooring and ondulin

The most common roofing material is slate. This is due to its low cost, simplicity of installation, the possibility of replacement during damage to individual elements of the roof.

The features of the crates for slate is its weelle type, consisting of any type of board or timber, but with their obligatory cross section of at least 30 mm. This is necessary for the correct and high-quality distribution of slate weight on the crate.

The optimal distance between the rafters with a combination of loads from the weight of slate sheets should be 80 cm. It is worth constantly taking care of the strength of the strength of the rafting system, which can be due to different unforeseen circumstances. Otherwise, its establishment for slate roof is not different from other options.

Now you should pay attention to some features when installing a rafting system for such roofing materials such as professional flooring and ondulin.

The weight of the professional flooring and ondulin is much easier than that of ceramic tiles or slate, so the installation technology of the rafter for these materials is practically no different from the installation of metal tiles. The distance between the roof rafters from the professional flooring is 60-90 cm, and from Ontulina - 60-100 cm.

If you need to increase the distance between the rapid legs, it is necessary to strengthen the design of the system with transverse elements of the crate.

The device of the crate for the profile is very similar to the device of the crate of metal tiles. It is important to remember that in this case the last board should have a slightly large thickness than everyone else.

The feature of the installation of the lattice for ONDulin should be considered the need for a solid type of it for high-quality resistance to various loads. In some cases, it is possible to use a shunt-type fraud, but then the step between the rafters should be not more than 30 cm.

Thus, when you can produce all the necessary measurements, knowing the basics of the installation of the rafter system for the main materials for the roof (tiles, corrugated flooring, slate and ondulin), you can correctly calculate the distance between the rafyles.

As you know, the roof of any structure is its upper part that can connect protective and decorative functions. Protects the roof mainly from the inwards on top of the building of atmospheric precipitation, at the same time as its kind, material and color of the roofing may emphasize the architectural feature of the building.

Wooden bars, of which the rigid roof frame is called rafters, the selected roofing material is already mounted directly on them.

As the buildings carry different functional filling (for example, residential buildings or production and technological buildings) and the roofs of various buildings differ from each other. Their form can directly depend on climatic conditions: from wind load or the number of drop-down snow. The roof from the latter is difficult to clean if its tilt is 30 0 and less, and the high "sailbo" of a high roof can be a serious problem with wind gusts of more than 18 m / s.

Among the huge variety of roofs, the majority usually consists of a roof and a set of building structures that hold this roof.

One of the main elements of these structures are, as a rule, wooden bars, which is mounted roofing. These bars are called rafters or farms. They are also elements of rigidity that determine the mechanical strength of the roof, as well as those guides that determine the angle of inclination of the roofing coating.

The rainfall can be located either from one to another outer wall of the building, with a specific inclination, or from the center (skate) of the roof to the outer wall. In the first way, single-sided roofs are arranged, on the second - double.

It can be assumed that the closer to each other these farms rafters will be located, the more reliably there will be a roof coating.

However, excessive use of materials takes the design and leads to the rise in the cost of construction. Therefore, the question of how to put rafters is one of the fundamental roofs when designing the roof.

The rafters are two species: the so-called "hanging", based on their ends only on the outer bearing walls, and those that are based on one of their ends on the inner bearing wall of the building or the inner column. Farms of the last species are called "urban".

The correct placement and fastening of these elements of the building is the basis of the fact that its upper part is not deformed under the influence of possible loads.

How to put rafters

General provisions

When designing the roof of the structure, determining the number of farms and the distance between them, necessarily take into account the desired cross section of the timber used for the device of the rafter, determine its material and the optimal length of the rafylic. Usually, the device rafter uses a timber from coniferous trees, cross-section from 50x150 mm (considered the most used) or more.

The length of the farms directly depends on the size of the building box, the type of roof, as well as from its height. The cross section of the used bar and the distance between the rafters define the strength of the carrier structure for the roof. The distance between the axes of the neighboring farms is called and is calculated when designing the roof. In practice, the applied step can take the value from 600 to 2000 mm. The specified step is interconnected with farm long: than they are shorter than, the longer the distance among themselves can be installed.

There is a generalized method of calculating the specified distance. It lies in the fact that the table defines the preliminary step of the rafted. Measuring then the sink length of the roof of one slope along the bottom edge, the resulting distance must be divided into a step defined on the table. The result obtained and the unit added to it after rounding to the most side will correspond to the number of required rafters for one rope of the designed roof.

The exact distance between the "legs" axes of the neighboring farms will be obtained by dividing the length of one roofing slope on the number of rafalines calculated for it.

In this way, it is possible to determine, after which the minimum distance can be installed solutions so that the roof bearing structure would correspond to the settlement requirements for the load.

However, the above method does not take into account possible additional loads on the design associated with the use of different roofing coatings, from slate to ondulin. Does not take into account the need to organize the free space between farms for placing the canvas or plates of the insulated insulation for the roof.

In the case when it is planned to use insulation tools, the width of the cavins or panels of which is known to be known, you can immediately determine what distance it is necessary to install rafters. It is recommended in such cases a step to equate to the width of the insulation, minus from 1.5 to 2 mm.

Recommendations for choosing a step of rafters for different roof coverage

For the roof from the corrugated floor, the step is selected from 600 to 900 mm. In this case, the timber is recommended for the optimal section - 50x150 mm.

For severe roofing from ceramic tiles, an increased load on rafters is characterized, about 60 - 70 kg / m 2. Step is recommended ranging from 800 to 1300 mm. Moreover, it may increase in proportion to an increase in the angle of inclination of the roof. For example, the distance between the farms should be no more than 800 mm if the angle of inclination of the roof does not exceed 15 0. With an increase in the specified angle to 70 0, the step can be increased to the maximum. The cross section of a bar for such a roof is recommended from 50x150 to 60x180 mm.

The device of the supporting structure of the roofing coating for metal tile is not much different from the standard one. The material, compared with ceramics, is easier almost twice: the load on 1 m 2 does not exceed 30 kg. Application recommended a timber with dimensions of 50x150 mm. Some features of the attachment of the upper ends of the rafter are associated with ensuring the ventilation of the metal roof to prevent the appearance of condensate.

The slate roof is an optimal solution for numerous buildings, despite the fact that this material is recognized as harmful and prohibited for use in European countries.
Recommendations for the installation of a rafter for roofing coating from a wavy slate type: They are put in between 600 to 800 mm, there may be 50x100 or 50x150 mm.

For roofing coating from ONDulina, it is proposed to be performed according to the recommendations acting for a slate roof. The modern innovative material ondulin looks like slate, but it is easier for the last time in five.

Determining the interconnection distance for multicate (tent) roofs are made separately for each slide. For the buildings in which the "box" is collected from logs or timber, the lower end of the rafaline is attached directly to the upper part of the outer bearing wall, and not to a special bruus, laid around the perimeter of the upper part of the building (Mauerlat). This installation method makes a particularly high error price when determining the step of the rafter, since it is very difficult to eliminate this error.

Carrier Slinged Design for Dersightener Roof

For such roofs, carrying structures for the roof are usually performed from a wooden bar. The step of the rafted for a skate with a length of no more than 15 m can be selected from 800 to 1000 mm. For attic with skates, more than 15 m long is recommended to use rafal farms from metal.

It should be noted that for all types of roofs, when determining the step, the rafter should take into account the presence of existing vertical structural elements of the building passing through the attic and roof. Such elements include chimneys and air ducts. When the calculated point of installation of the farm with the place of passing the existing pipe or other elements of the building, whose transfer is impossible to another part of the attic, it is necessary to change the plan for the placement of the rafter.

If the change in the specified plan for some reason is inappropriate, it is recommended that the rafter coincided on the place with the element of the building, to arrange it so that it is interrupted at the point of passage of the pipe. Moreover, the ends of this farm are cut in front of the transmitted pipe and after it should be based on the corresponding jumpers connecting the adjacent rafyroids.

It should be borne in mind that the nodes of such a "interception" of the farm should be performed with the necessary reliability and quality, which makes it possible to comply with the calculated reliability of the roofing coating structure.

It should be noted that the installation of rafters is part of a whole complex of very serious and very important construction works on the roof of the building. Being a constructive element of the roofing system of the roofing of the building, the rafters are indicated in terms of the roof project, which reflects the results of calculations of various possible loads.

Such calculations should take into account all sorts of factors affecting the designed structure in the complex:

necessary and sufficient height and inclination of the roof;
optimal material for the roofing device;
parameters for its placement on the required crate and the overall weight of roofing;
the required carrying capacity of the rafter design as a whole and the corresponding parameters of the Stropilin in particular;
the method of fastening the roof to the walls of the building and the condition of the walls.

And other equally important data, without taking into account the constructed building and its roof may not withstand a variety of loads.

Therefore, in order not to deal with the inept agencies of the sore effects, it is better to entrust the issues related to the design and construction of buildings, professionals specialists who have the necessary experience and knowledge. At least in the part that concerns the calculations of the load on the rafter structures.

The distance between the rafyles is one of the key parameters affecting the strength of the structure. The competent calculation of the installation step of the rafter allows you to build a roof resistant to high operational loads.

Loads on the roof and calculation of the rafter system

The development of a single-table or twin roof project begins with a selection of the type of a rafter system, an angle of inclination of the rod (the height of the roof) and the construction materials for the construction of the structure. The calculation of the distance between the rapid legs is performed taking into account the loads that the roof will test during operation. Permanent loads included:

weight of materials from which a rafter system is made;
roofing weight;
the weight of the materials of the roofing pie (waterproofing, vapor insulation, insulation);
weight elements of decoration of a housing attic or attic.

In addition to constant loads, the roof is experiencing temporary to which:

snow cover;

human weight when servicing and repairing roofing.

Upon step implies the distance between the rafters of one slope. Performing the calculation of a single-table, nipce or complex roof, usually follow the following scheme:

it is measured the length of the future roof scope;
the resulting value is divided into the optimal numeric value of the string;
the unit is added to the value, the result is rounded;
the bottom of the roof skate is divided into rounded result.

The final result will allow you to determine what distance you should put the rafting legs. The definition of the step cannot be extremely accurate, as it is required to take into account a number of additional factors, including the width of the insulation, the features of the edge of the crate under various types of roofing material. If the chimney roof is designed, the step can be adjusted to the location, so that it does not have to clean the part of the rafter and put the supporting structure, such as a special rafting system.

Distance between rafyles for slate

Slate - traditional roofing material. Its advantages include such characteristics as resistance to external influences (excluding mechanical) and low cost. Slate allows you to create a roofing coating, which can be replaced by the replacement of individual elements. Slate has a lot of weight and requires the installation of a fairly powerful rafting system. The calculation of the distance, on which it is necessary to put rafters for slate, is carried out taking into account the cross section of the bar for the manufacture of rafting legs.

The optimal solution is the installation of the system for slate, in which the gap between the rafters should be at least 800 mm. In order for the design to slate to withstand not only the weight of the material, but also increased external loads, the neckenet is performed from a bar or a board with a cross section of at least 30 mm. By performing the calculation of the rafter system for slate, it should be revealed that this material has sufficiently large restrictions on the choice of the angle of slope.

Raftered under metal tile

Metal tile is actively used as a practical and aesthetic roofing material during the arrangement of a single-table, plumbing, holm or complex roof. The framework for metal tile is built according to the standard principles. To calculate, at what distance it is better to put rafyroids, it is necessary to take into account the load and the angle of inclination of the roof. Metal tile characterizes a relatively low weight, so that it can serve as a replacement for old roofing coating from slate or ceramic tiles. At the same time, the rafters will not need to strengthen or change the step of their installation.

The standard step of rafted under metal tile is 600-900 mm. The cross section of the elements can be 50-150 mm - this is enough to create a reliable frame for metal tile. But if the insulation is assumed, the layer of which in areas with low winter temperatures should be 200 mm, for rafters for metal tile, it is recommended to use the 200x50 timber pump so as not to mount an additional system that holds the insulation. The gap between rafters for metal tile is better to fit under the width of the leaf or rolled heat insulator.

Profile: rafters and doom

Professional flooring refers to the easy and convenient in the use of roofing materials. A galvanized or covered with a decorative and protective layer, professional flooring can be used both for mounting a single-table roof of the utility room or garage and for a two-tie roof of a residential building. How to calculate the distance required to install rafters under the professional flooring?

To ensure the necessary stiffness of the design, it rafters under the professional flooring is enough to put 600-900 mm in increments. It is necessary to pay attention to the angle of inclination of the roof. The calculation shows that at high external loads, professional flooring is better laying on the system with a minimum step. But if the distance between the rafters under the professional flooring is close to the maximum, and the angle of the roof of the roof is small, the design is enhanced by using a more frequent crate. In this case, the pitch of the crate under the professional flooring should be about 50 mm, the width of the elements is at least 100 mm.

Slinged system for soft roof

The soft roof includes bitumen and bitumen polymer rolled materials, roofing membranes, as well as soft tiles. The soft roof characterizes the relatively low weight and the lack of the need to mount the massive rafter design.

The minimum distance between the rapid legs is 600 mm, the maximum is 1500 mm. When installing support under the soft roof, it is important to take into account the angle of inclination of the slopes: the less angle, the smaller the distance between the supports for the solid crate should be. The choice of material is also influenced by the thickness of the material for the crate - the thicker the sheet of plywood or osp, the greater there may be a step of installation of the rafting legs.

Ondulin: Calculation of rafters

Ondulin (bituminous slate) is laid on a flat solid crate made of sheet material. This allows roofing coating to successfully resist wind and snow loads. ONDULIN ONDULET BUILT ON THE REDUCE, which should be located in a step of 600 - 1000 mm, depending on the angle of tilt the two-screw or a single roof.

Scroll under ondulin is made from a bar with a cross section of 200 × 50 mm. Choosing, at what distance to put the rafter feet for the design of the ondulin, it is recommended to take into account the width of the insulating material to simplify its installation. This calculation allows to reduce the financial costs of roofing.

Sandwich panel roof

The roof of the sandwich is most often erected on houses from sip-panels or the construction of angar type. A feature of the sandwich is its bending rigidity, which allows you to do without installing traditional rafters. Small spans from the skate of the two-sheet roof to the top of the wall (or the distance between the supporting structures of a single-table roof) allow the installation of a sandwich without additional supports.

If the length of the span exceeds 4 meters, you need to install additional runs. To mount the roof of a sandwich on a residential building, a traditional rafter system is often installed, but in this case the rafter can be placed with a big step - they perform the support function for runs. The distance between the rapid legs is selected based on the length of the existing material for the runs and the length of the bearing walls. Sandwich technical parameters allow the roof to withstand high operational loads.

Polycarbonate: construction of the support structure

Polycarbonate has recently been actively used as roofing material. First of all, polycarbonate is in demand during the construction of arbors, canopies, winter gardens. The doomle and the rafter system for polycarbonate can be made of wood or metal.

Polycarbonate varies on their weight depending on the sheet thickness. The polycarbonate cable is recommended to perform 600-800 mm in increments. The lamp (wooden or metal) is mounted on rafters, which can be straight or have an arched shape. Typically, the gap between the polycarbonate rafters is from 1500 to 2300 mm. To correctly calculate, at what distance it is better to start rafters, it is necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bglazing, the size and thickness of the sheets, take into account that the polycarbonate is attached to the gaps on the thermal expansion.

Distance between Double and Single Roof rafters

Find out how much the distance between the rafters needs to be done for a two-tie and single roof. The maximum distance between rafters for metal tile, ondulin and soft roof.

Distance between rafyles: Principles and examples of calculations of the step of a rafter system

The task is to correctly calculate the distance between the rafters - very responsible. From how seriously you begin to go to her decision, not only the reliability and durability of the roof will depend on, but all subsequent works on it: laying of the insulation, installation of roofing coating, setting the challenges. If you put a rafted step under the roof sheets, as many make it, it is not a fact that the insulation will then be included between the rafters. If you only focus on the insulation - the first winter with its abundant Russian snow will crush the rafter system. That is why the whole point is to pick up the optimal step of rafters on for all skates, and here we will teach you now.

What depends on the arrangement step of the rafter?

So, the distance between the rafyles is determined by such important factors:

Roof shape (duct, single or multicate).
The angle of inclination of the roof.
The parameters of the timber that is used for the manufacture of rafters (width, thickness).
The design of the rapid system (ulissive, hanging or sliding).
The combination of all loads on the roof (the weight of the coating, atmospheric phenomena, etc.).
Material of the crate (20x100 or 50x50) and its parameters (solid, with 32 cm spaces, 20 cm or solid plywood)

And each of these parameters should be taken into account what this article is about.

Decorative rafters: 0% load

First of all, decide with the most important point: the type of roof and its appointment. The fact is that the roof of a residential building in winter withstands a large snow cap, a permanent wind at an altitude and is often insulating it from the inside, but to the rafter system of a small arbor hidden under the crowns of trees, there are completely different demands.

For example, if you build pergola in its classical understanding, it does not matter exactly what the distance between the rafters will be, this is a purely aesthetic factor:

In the above illustration, it can be seen that even in such a building there is a step of rafters. After all, here it provides both aesthetic factor, and the rigidity of the structure itself. But choose a step arbitrary.

Functional rafters: detailed calculation

We approach the main question: What distance should there be between the roof rafters of a residential building? Here, be patient and carefully examine all the nuances.

Item 1. Wall Length and Sick Stroke

The first thing the installation step of the rafter on the roof of the residential building is usually choosing a constructive size of the building, although taking into account many other factors.

For example, the easiest way to install rafters in 1 meter increments, so it is standard 7 rafters with a length of 6 meters. At the same time, you can save, putting them with a distance of 1 and 2 meters, and it turns out exactly 5 rafters. You can also put up with a distance of 2 and 3 meters, but it is to strengthen the crate. But it is extremely unwanted to take a step of rafted more than 2 meters.

Paragraph 2. Effect of snow and wind loads on the shape of the roof

So, we stopped on the fact that the average distance between the rafters of the ordinary roof is 1 meter. But, if there is a significant snow or wind load in the area, or the roof is more or less common or just heavy (for example, covered with clay tiles), then such a distance must be reduced to 60-80 cm. But on the roof with a slope of more than 45 degrees it can be Even increase at a distance of 1.2 m-1.4 m.

Why is it so important? Let's figure it out. The fact is that the air flow faces in its path with a wall under the roof of the building, and there is a twist, after which the wind strikes the roof into the pannies. It turns out that the wind stream is like a ridicule of the roof, but at the same time striving to lift it. And in the roof at this moment, there are forces that are ready to rip it or knock on - these are two windward sides and one lifting.

There is one more power that arises from the wind pressure and acts perpendicular to the slope, trying to induce the roofs of the roof. And the greater the angle of inclination of the roof of the roof, the more safe wind power and less tangents matter. And the greater the angle of the skate, the less you need to put rafters.

Understand, make you a high roof or a common one, will help this map of the average wind load value:

The second point: in the Russian region, such an atmospheric phenomenon like snow constantly affects the standard roof of the house. And here, too, you need to take into account that the snow bag usually accumulates more on some side of the roof than another.

That is why in such places where such a bag is possible, you need to insert twin rafting legs or make a solid crate. The easiest way to determine such places on the wind rose: with a windward side, they put single rafters, and with leeward - paired.

If you are for the first time building a house, then I do not get your own worldview, and determine the average snow load for its locality according to official data:

Item 3. Question of insulation and standard width of mats

If the roof you will be insulated, then the step of the rafter is advisable to put under the standard dimensions of the insulation slabs, and this is 60, 80 cm and 120 cm.

Modern insulation today is selling a standard width, usually on the same standard step of rafters. If then take them and customized under the existing parameters, then there will be a lot of waste, cracks, cold bridges and other problems.

Clause 4. Quality and strength of the used sawn timber

It also has the most important thing that you use for the construction of the rafter system. So, for each breed of wood there is its own regulatory documentation, which concerns its bearing ability:

Because For the manufacture of a rapid roof system in Russia, pine and fir are most often used, their flexural strength and features of use have long been spelled out. If you use the wood of other breeds, you can display the correction factor.

In addition, if there are cross sections, wrinkles or holes for the bolts, in this place it is necessary to calculate the carrier ability of the bar with a coefficient of 0.80.

Paragraph 5. Distance between tightening and overlap beams

Another point: if the roof is built with the linked rafting farms, and their lower belt is used simultaneously as the ceiling beams, then the distance between farms needs to be made within 60-75 cm to take into account the design of the future floor.

Paragraph 6. Loads for rafting nodes

So, here are the main loads that act on the rapid roof system:

Static, which includes the weight of the very rapid system, the weight of the roof lying on the roof of snow and the challenges.
Dynamic, which includes the strength of the wind, unexpected damage to the roof, human weight and equipment for repair and similar factors.

And all these factors are capable at a certain point to affect the roof at the same time, and therefore there is a concept as critical value. This is exactly the value of loads in which the roof does not withstand and deform.

Therefore, if the building is built with significant spans, the steel rafting farms are necessarily applied. The fact is that the voltage in such rods is already absent, and the entire load falls on the nodes - compressive and tensile forces are affected here. And the distance between such farms is calculated depending on the type of roof and the design of the roof itself.

Usually, a unified farm is put with a span, a multiple of six, and therefore there is a distance between the farm nodes, a multiple one and a half meters.

Paragraph 7. The weight of the rafter system and roofing cake

Do not forget that the main purpose of the rafter is to keep the whole roof on itself, and its weight is crucial:

Paragraph 8. Convenience of roofing

It affects the distance between the rafters is also such a factor as the selected roofing coating. The higher the slope of the roof, the more roofing materials will be used. And what they are harder, the more likely they will have to put rafters. But what about a solid doom? The fact of the matter is that it has its own weight:

Each type of roof is its optimal step of rafters. After all, many standard sheets on the edges must be attached directly to rafters or the crate, and it is important that they coincide. Otherwise, the roof covering will easily turn into a daytime hell at height, believe me.

That is why even before the start of installation you need to make a layout, check all several times. And know some important subtleties for each of the types of coatings.

Determination of the totality of loads on the roof as a whole and raftered separately

So, we determined that, in addition to other constructive factors, a whole set of loads act on the rapid roof system at the same time: the weight of the rafter system, the snow cap, the wind pressure. After you fold all the loads together, be sure to multiply them to the coefficient of 1.1. So you will all calculate unexpected favorable conditions, that is, lay additional 10% percentage.

And now you only have to divide the total load on the planned number of rafters and see if each of them will cope with its task. If it seems that the design will be sickly - boldly add 1-2 rafters in the total, and you will be calm for your home.

You need to make a calculation for destruction, i.e. On the full load, which acts on the roof. All these loads are determined by the technical characteristics of materials and the bottom.

The standard roof construction is rafters, lattice runs, and each of these elements works only on the load that presses it precisely on it, and not on the overall roof as a whole. Those. For each separate stage, its load is valid, the overall, but divided by the amount of rafter legs, and the change in the step of their location, you change the area of \u200b\u200bloading area on the rafter - reducing it, or increasing. And, if you have a rafted step, it is inconvenient to you, then work with the parameters of the cross section of the rafting legs, and the total carrying capacity of the roof will increase by times:

With this calculation, try to achieve that the longest rafter was in your project for no more than six and a half meters, otherwise, splicing in length. Now explain more. So, on the roofs with the slope slope up to 30 degrees, the so-called "flexible elements" rafter. Those. They work on bending, and they have certain requirements. And the possibility of the deflection of the rafter is calculated by a special formula, and, if the result exceeds the norm, then the rafters are increased in height and again make a new calculation.

But on the roof with the bias of the warehouses more than 30 degrees, which rafters are already considered "flexible-compressed" elements. That is, they affect not only a uniformly distributed load, which causes the bending of rafters, but also efforts that are already acting along the axis of rafters. Simply speaking, here rafters not only bend a bit under the weight of the roof, but also squeezed from the skate to Mauerlat. In addition, a stretch must be checked and a bolt, which usually restrains two rafting legs.

As you can see, it will be cope with such calculations even far from the construction of a person. The main thing is to consider everything, to be attentive and ready to spend a little more time on the design, so that then all the work goes like oil!

Distance between raps: what step should be between rafters

Detailed instructions, how to correctly calculate the distance between the rafaceans of the roofs of different structures, with the accounting amount of loads and the material used.

Loads on the roof and calculation of the rafter system

weight of materials from which a rafter system is made;
roofing weight;
the weight of the materials of the roofing pie (waterproofing, vapor insulation, insulation);
weight elements of decoration of a housing attic or attic.

In addition to constant loads, the roof is experiencing temporary to which:

snow cover;

human weight when servicing and repairing roofing.

Upon step implies the distance between the rafters of one slope. Performing the calculation of a single-table, nipce or complex roof, usually follow the following scheme:

it is measured the length of the future roof scope;
the resulting value is divided into the optimal numeric value of the string;
the unit is added to the value, the result is rounded;
the bottom of the roof skate is divided into rounded result.

Distance between rafyles for slate

Raftered under metal tile

Profile: rafters and doom

Slinged system for soft roof

Ondulin: Calculation of rafters

Sandwich panel roof

Polycarbonate: construction of the support structure

Distance between Double and Single Roof rafters

Find out how much the distance between the rafters needs to be done for a two-tie and single roof. The maximum distance between rafters for metal tile, ondulin and soft roof.

What is the distance between the rapid roof rafters

The construction of the roof is the final stage of any construction. This structural element is a carrier structure that takes on all loads, and then evenly distributes them along the surface of the bearing walls of the house.

Double roof

The bartal roof is considered to be the most common option for the arrangement of country housing. And this exists quite a logical explanation. It is no secret for anything that the case is easier the design, especially just to build it, the higher its reliability and operational characteristics.

The duct roof has a triangular shape and consists of two pitched planes connected in the highest point of the skate run, and the same amount and shape of the frontones.

In principle, the construction of a two-sheet roof is not considered such a difficult operation. But, despite all the simplicity, it requires the most responsible and thoughtful approach.

A constructive duct roof has two skates located relative to the wall elements at home at a certain angle, providing it with natural removal from its surface of precipitation. Also, two-tight roofing structures may be an attic or attic type.

As a rule, duplex roofs are installed on single-storey, simple structures in architectural terms. A huge plus is that the rafters in this case will not differ in particular complexity of installation.

The angle of inclination of the roofing rods of two-tie roofs

The angle of inclination of the double roof cannot be less than 5 degrees, and in some cases it can achieve 90 degrees. Only with such angle of inclination of the roofing rods of rafters will be able to adequately cope with the function assigned to them.

The choice of an angle of inclination of the skates for a two-tie roof is influenced by a huge number of factors, such as climatic features, the type of selected roofing material and the architectural style of the building.

For example, the roofs are perfect for the construction of them in areas where strong hurricane winds constantly blow, but structures with cool skates are a wonderful option for those areas where an impressive amount of precipitation falls.

Also, the angle of inclination of the roof affects its cost, this is due to the fact that the roof with a small corner of the roofing rods will go much more roofing material than with a large one.

However, this is not the only important parameter in the construction of a double roof. No less important in the formation of a duplex roof is the correct installation and fastening of the rafter system, as well as the step size between its elements.

Also on the quality of the design affects the attachment of the rafted to Mauerlat and the skate run. Particularly reliable fastening is possible to form with the help of writing and additional fixation of the compounds by bolts.

The distance between the rapid legs (and otherwise - the step of the rafter) is considered one of the most important parameters when installing the roof, which affects its strength characteristics.

A properly calculated step between the rafters of the bartal roof allows to form a roof that is resistant to high loads, which it will be subject to operation.

Let us consider in more detail what the distance between the legs of the rafter should be.

Step rafted for a two-tie roof

The distance between the rapid feet of the duct roof is calculated even during design. Fix any errors made at this stage are quite problematic, and therefore if you are not sure of your own, it is better to entrust it with professional architects.

Reliable rafters are the basis of any roof of the house.

The rafter step is calculated taking into account the loads that the design will be subject to operation during operation, and the angle of inclination of roofing rods.

In terms of competent calculation, the presence or absence of a heater layer is taken into account, the cross section of the structural elements of the rafter system, the type of crate and roofing coating. It is necessary to correctly calculate the load, as this will help not be mistaken when choosing a cross-section of rafters.

A rapid step is the distance between two adjacent rapid farms.

Step-by-step instructions for calculating the step of the rafted for a two-sheet roof:

Calculate the estimated length of roofing rods.
The resulting number is divided on the optimal sizes of the step.
To the resulting number, add a unit and round the result.
Skate length divide on the rounded result.

As a result of these simple calculations, you will receive a distance on which rafters should be installed.

The step between the rafters is impossible to calculate exactly, since to obtain more accurate data it is necessary to take into account the huge number of parameters, ranging from the width of the insulation layer, the type of roofing material and even the distance between the elements of the bartal roof crate. The rafters installed correctly will serve as faithful to you not one dozen years.

Step rafted under asbesto-cement slate

An important parameter of asbestos-cement slate is its considerable weight, so that it requires the installation of powerful rafters capable of withstanding heavy loads. The distance between the rafters is selected based on the cross section of the bar used for the manufacture of rafters.

It is equally important that the fastening of the two-tie roof rafters is correctly performed, as this will provide it with a high degree of reliability and a long operational period.

The optimal step between the rafters when using an asbestos-cement slate should not be less than 800 mm. Thanks to this, the rafters will be able to easily cope with the task assigned to them.

Rafters for metal tile

We will not talk about all the advantages and disadvantages of this material, and so much said. Let's take a closer look at what should be a step between the carrier structures. Strops under the metal tile are installed in accordance with the existing standards and requirements.

Due to its low weight, this coating can be used to overlap the roofs, on which ceramic tile or asbestos-cement slate was laid before it.

The size between the rapid in this case ranges from 600 to 900 mm, and the lumber cross-section is 50 to 150 mm. This step between the rafters will allow you to create the most reliable carrier frame for the roof.

However, in areas characterized by snow winters, it is preferable to equip the distance between the rains of 200 mm, and for the manufacture of structural elements to use a bar with a cross-section of 50 per 200 mm.

In order not to mount a special system to maintain the insulation, you can adjust the distance between the rafters under the width of the thermal insulating material.

Rafters under Ondulin

Ontulin or flexible tile should be laid on a solid, perfectly smooth crate, and better if it is made of any sheet material, which will allow the root to carry all loads.

The cuttack is attached to the rafter feet, located in a step of 600 to 1000 mm, depending on the angle of inclination of the roofing row of the duct roof.

The correctly selected distance between the elements of the rafter system guarantees the entire carrier frame of the high degree of strength and durability of the entire structure.

What is the distance between the dry roof rafters, the encyclopedia of the Building of Youspec

The correctly selected distance between the elements of the rafter system guarantees the entire carrier frame of the high degree of strength and durability of the whole

Distance between rafyles: the right calculation

The reliability of the roof and its operation is mainly dependent on how correctly the calculations are made.

One of the most important parameters of the rafter system is how far the rafters are located.

After all, the load distribution on the frame depends precisely from this desired parameter.

If the calculation is incorrect, the deformation and the roof can occur.

Therefore, it is extremely important to perform an accurate calculation of the interval between the rapid legs in the preparation of the roof project.

Basic settlements

A step of rafters is called the distance from one rafter foot to another.

During the construction of private house roofs, this value is 1 meter.

But this is an approximate figure.

In order to obtain the exact size of the interval, it is necessary to calculate the bearing capacity of the solid type of the selected type.

To perform the correct calculation, use the following scheme:

initially, it is necessary to determine what the length of the roofing slope;
now the resulting digit should be divided by an approximately selected rafter step. If you have previously selected its value of 1 meter, then you need to divide on 1.

If 0.8 was chosen to share 0.8, etc.;

after that, the result is added to the result and round the resulting value in the most side. This action is necessary in order to obtain a precise number of rafters that will need to be installed on one slope;
the total length of the skate should be divided into the amount of rafter feet obtained under the previous calculation. And we get the exact distance between them.

To understand everything better, let's consider an example.

Measuring the length of the roof of the roof, they received 27.5 meters.

We choose a step 1 meter to make it more convenient to read.

Now add a unit of 27.5 m +1 \u003d 28.5 m.

Round up to the nearest value and get the number 29.

That is, on one slope of our roof it is necessary to install 29 rafting legs.

Now the roof length is divided by their quantity: 27.5 / 29 \u003d 0.95 m.

So, in our case, the step of the rafting feet should be 0.95 meters.

This is a common calculation.

With which the peculiarity of a particular roofing material is not taken into account.

And it can significantly change this parameter.

When you know what kind of material you will use on the roof, you will have to make some changes.

Optimal and minimum meaning

Step is a settlement unit.

After all, it depends first of all, from the load on the roof frame and the cross section of the rafter.

You can take a thick board for their facilities and the interval between them to make 120 cm.

With this distance it may begin to get a doomle.

And how to lay insulation?

After all, most materials width equals 1 meter.

So take an approximate step in 1 meter when calculating.

The minimum distance between the rapid legs is 70 cm.

And to obtain the optimal value for each material it is necessary to calculate.

Single Roof Step Detection

Single roof is the simplest.

Indeed, in the rapid farm of such a roof there are only rafting legs.

No boosts, racks, dive in its design.

Associate such a roof usually on garages, extensions, baths.

As can be seen from the table, the rafter step depends on their length and cross section.

Distance between rapid roof rafyles

The duct roof is occurring much more often than the roof is a single one.

And explain such popularity simply: the design is very simple, but with all the simplicity, the bartal roof is distinguished by its reliability.

Its design is easily adjusted to any climatic conditions and any roofing material.

When calculating the step of the rafted binary roof, everyone is performed according to the general calculation system (see above).

If the rods have the same length, it is enough to perform calculations for one slope.

If the skates of different lengths, then the calculation is performed for each slope.

It should be remembered that the limit values \u200b\u200bof the step of the rafter feet 70 and 120 cm.

What is the step depending on the roof material

If ondulin will be used as roofing material, the rafter system is constructed from pine boards with a cross section of 50 x 200 mm, and the rafters should be located at least 60 cm and no more than 90 cm each other.

From above, the drying of the timber with a cross section of 40 x 50 mm is laid.

Metal tile.

The roof of the metal tile during the construction of country houses is used most often.

Because this material is much easier to ceramic or cement tiles.

Although in appearance very much like it.

The small weight of the metal tile makes it possible to use when creating a soling system of a smaller board, and for the crate to use thinner bars.

More about a counterclaim for metal tile.

About the hollow roof with hanging rafters by reference. Also about the design of hanging rafters.

About the price of metal tile Viking here. Specifications, photos, reviews.

The decrease in the size of the elements of the rafting leg system, in turn, reduces the burden on the walls of the building and its foundation.

When building a rafter system for metal tile, the rafters are mounted in 60 - 95 cm increments.

The material section is 50 x 150 mm.

According to experts, if at the interval between the rafters, put the insulation, having a thickness of 150 mm, then the most comfortable conditions for living will be created in the attic room.

To ensure the ventilation of the space, where the insulation is laid, the holes near the upper roof of diameters of 12 mm arrive at the installation of the rafter system.

The technology of manufacturing a rafter system for metal tile from the technology of manufacturing the framework for other roofing materials is not significantly different.

The only difference is installation at the top.

Mounting the upper support is not on the ski bar on the side, but on the ski run.

The presence of a free zone between the rafters allows the air to be fully circulated under the flooring, which helps to protect the condensate formation.

Ceramic tile

The design of the system under ceramic tiles has its own characteristics.

After all, clay uses for the manufacture of such roofing material.

And this is a very heavy material.

If you compare metal tiles and tiled ceramic, then the last weighs 10 times more.

Accordingly, the rafter system is significantly different.

On 1 square meter of the surface of the roof there is a load of 40 - 60 kg depending on the manufacturer and product brand.

The rafters for such a frame system are made of wood, which passed a long drying.

Such wood must have moisture no more than 15%.

A timber having a section of 50 x 150 or 60 x 180 mm is used.

And the distance between rapid legs can be 80 - 130 cm.

The exact value can be called if the angle of inclination is known.

If the angle of inclination is equal to 15 degrees, then the step of the rafter will be 80 cm.

And if the angle of inclination, for example, will be 75 degrees, then the step may be greater - 130 cm.

More 130 cm The interval between the rafters do not.

Also, when calculating the step, the rafter is taken into account their length.

The more Dina, the smaller the distance between them.

The shorter the rafter legs, the more you can make the distance.

If the angle of inclination is 45 degrees, the roofer can move safely on the roof if the step of the rafter is 80 cm.

Professor

When creating a rafter system under the corrugated, the minimum distance between the rapid legs is 60 cm.

The maximum value is 90 cm.

If for some reason the step of the rafter was more than 90 cm, then there is a need for the installation of transverse boards of a large cross section.

The rapid legs themselves may have a cross section of 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm.

Despite the emergence of a large number of new roofing materials, asbetic slate remains one of the most popular.

If slate is planned for the roof, the rafters must have a cross section of 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm.

The distance between them makes no less than 60 and no more than 80 cm.

The crate is made from a bar having a cross section of 50 x 50 mm or a cross section of 25 x 100 mm.

With the device of any building design, it should be remembered that there are still unexpected situations.

And, therefore, when calculating sections of the rafter and the distance between them it is necessary to provide for a margin of safety.

Distance between rafyles: Single-sided, Duscate Roof

One of the most important parameters when calculating the rafter system is the distance between the rafyles. After all, it depends on how strong and sustainable will

Loads on the roof and calculation of the rafter system

weight of materials from which a rafter system is made;
roofing weight;
the weight of the materials of the roofing pie (waterproofing, vapor insulation, insulation);
weight elements of decoration of a housing attic or attic.

In addition to constant loads, the roof is experiencing temporary to which:

snow cover;

human weight when servicing and repairing roofing.

Upon step implies the distance between the rafters of one slope. Performing the calculation of a single-table, nipce or complex roof, usually follow the following scheme:

it is measured the length of the future roof scope;
the resulting value is divided into the optimal numeric value of the string;
the unit is added to the value, the result is rounded;
the bottom of the roof skate is divided into rounded result.

Distance between rafyles for slate

Raftered under metal tile

Profile: rafters and doom

Slinged system for soft roof