Chimneys and chimneys. Furnace Chimney: Design Features and Basic Mounting Rules What pipe is better for a brick oven

The chimney laying is more complicated than the installation of the pipe sandwich. However, this design will last much longer and has the best decorative properties. The main task for the chimney of the brick is the leading of combustion products and the creation of thrust in the furnace. When erecting a brick chimney with your own hands, you must follow the rules of fire safety. The chimney on the roof of the brick is durable, withstands harsh temperature differences, so that they will serve for a very long time.

Brick flue pipes are divided according to:

By material on:

Brick;
Metal;
Asbestos cement (sandwiches).

By installation method:

Indigenous
Nazadny;
Wall.

Indigenous chimneys are installed next to the oven, connecting them to chimney. They can bring several heating devices to them, but the construction of the indigenous requires more accurate calculations. With misunderstood, combustion products can get to the house.

The most common chimney from the brick-nasadnyh. This is a classic brick chimney. Chimney is installed on top of the heating furnace.

Warning is installed on the outer wall of the house. It can be indigenous or mandatory. More often they are erected to save money. Evaluate such chimney is easier, but it requires additional costs for insulation with isolation.

The design of the chimney on the roof of the brick

The brick chimney consists of several parts, consider an example of an atmospal:

Cap. Mainly made from metal. It prevents snow, rain and dirt into the smoke system. Often serves as a decoration.
Podle. The protruding part of the bricks, which prevents rain drops on the trunk of the pipe, performs decorative functions.
Neck. The length of the neck depends on the bending of the roof. The height of the pipe on the roof affects the power of the traction.
Otter. The otter performs several functions. It increases the resistance to wind loads. Increased diameter of the otter performs the function of thermal insulation between the roof and chimney. Special sealants or galvanized sheets are used to seal the seam between the roof and the otter.
Pipe risers The longest part of the chimney connecting the flap with the output.
Flap, like a otter, thickened part of the chimney. It is located in the overlap between the room and the attic, protecting the beam overlap from overheating. Sometimes instead of a roller, a metal container with heat-resistant materials (sand, clay) is installed.
The entire lower part of the chimney is subjected to high heat loads, so for the channels optimally take fire-resistant (chamoten) brick. The smoke valve allows you to adjust the incoming air, it makes it from the metal (but such a valve can bend under the action of temperatures) or laid out of the brick.

General rules for construction

For all types there are general rules for the construction. Among which:

The height of the pipe over the roof;
Main material;
Solution.

The height of the brick tube is calculated taking into account the inclination of the roof and the height of the skate.

Important! The power of air thrust depends on the correct height. Also, this is the fire safety regulations. Air twists can provoke a fire if the roof is not refractory.

Calculation of the height of the pipe

The masonry of the chimney is carried out by the red brick M200 brand. Red brick is able to withstand temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius, but for laying channels near the heating part of the furnace, it is better to use chamoten, refractory brick to avoid splitting or combustion of the material. All folded bricks must be high quality (smooth sides). On the uneven surface, the formation of soot is accelerated, which leads to a decrease in thrust and even ignition. When laying the inner, you need to immediately clean on the seams.

The solution for laying a chimney is two types. Clay or cement-clay. Usually, all the furnaces were laid out on a clay solution, since the clay of refractory and does not crack, but to increase the strength of the masonry, cement can be added to the masonry solution.

Erection procedure

It is best to provide a stove with a chimney pipe made of brick at the initial stage of construction, otherwise there will be a problem with the hardening of the hole in the roof, overlap, in the additional foundation. Under the brick oven poured the foundation.

If you lay out the oven in the bath, then the channel of 250 to 120 will be enough. For masonry, you can buy shortened bricks or trim them with a grinder.

Try to do not make a large seam thickness. The more seam, the greater the likelihood of its expansion under the temperature, which means the possibility of cracks increases.

For a metal furnace, you can set the chimney from the preferential sandwich pipes and put them with bricks, it will provide a beautiful appearance.

First prepare tools. You will need:

Kelma Masonic (for applying a solution);
Kirk or hammer (for brick splitting);
Bulgarian with a diamond circle;
Level;
Plumb;
Rule.

By selecting the desired laying schema, prepare tools and a solution. Measure the height from the smoke valve to the roller.
Start the masonry from the furnace, how to lay out the first row, check the tilt level. To begin with, you can decompose the brickwork without a solution to understand the amount of work and dimensions.
On the first row of brick, you can pull the beacons vertically to the ceiling, for the convenience of further masonry.

Continue the masonry to the roller. You need to calculate the number of bricks. As mentioned earlier, the roller has an increased thickness. The extension needs to be laid on the ¼ brick thickness in each row., At the same time, the roller should be tightly pressed against the beams of overlapping.

Here is one of the laying schemes of the roller.

The stability of the circuit depends on the reliability of the flip of the flip to the sides of the overlap. Under the influence of wind, the pipe can move. The movement will break the roof and roof tightness, which will lead to leaks.
Similarly, go from the roller to the chimney barrel and take it to the roof.
The wizard masonry is similar to the roller device, but more difficult, since the roof has an angle of inclination and an increase in the diameter will occur scenario. Overlay calculation scheme.

The head board is laid out by a quarter of the brick. It can be put in several rows or one, depending on the appearance of the brick tube on the roof. In the last row of brick masonry, you can mow mesh metal. If the chimney is not used for a long time, then the birds can vote in it.
The protective cap is fixed by dowels.

How to calculate the cross section of a brick pipe

The work of the chimney of the brick is in the movement of the air from the heat part, to the external exit. Chimney creates a thrust that appears from the temperature and pressure drop. The size of the section must be calculated based on the power of the heating element and the furnace. The chimney should be smooth so that nothing hinder the movement of the air and was not going to smoke. Sometimes, for this, a smooth tin pipe is embedded in chimney.

The inner diameter will depend on the total length of the chimney and the power of the boiler (furnaces). The number of channels inside the furnace also affects normal operation. If the pipe is too long and the chimney cross-section is too large, then at low power of the furnace (boiler), it will lead to its cooling or reduction of thrust. Often the question arises, what pipes provide better traction? The thrust does not depend on what material pipes are made - steel or brick.

For a fireplace with an open window, the distribution of the chimney cross section and the window will be 1 to 10 (cross-section of the pipe to the area of \u200b\u200bthe milling windows). This is applicable to all forms of the pipe.

In the stove with a closed system, the sections ratio will be 1 to 1.5

Hole calculation scheme:

Height in meters		5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Pipe section		The ratio of the cross section to the area of \u200b\u200bthe windows of the mold in%
	A circle	11,2	10,2	10	9,5	9,1	8,7	8,9
	Square	12,4	11,6	11	10,5	10,1	9,7	9,4
	Rectangle	13,2	12,3	11,7	11,2	10,6	10,2	9,8

For example: with the size of the windows of 600 to 700 mm, the total size will be 0.42 mq. For a square section of the pipe, with a height of a chimney of 6 meters, the best will be 11.6 percent. Now 0.42 is multiplied by 0.116, we get 0.0787 square meters. The pipe section must be taken into account based on the height of the pipe. Sememeter tube in the bath, two meters high, it will not look aesthetically.

Transition from brick on sandwich

Brick chimneys have a good thrust and they serve for a long time. However, brickwork pipes can be destroyed, especially under the action of the external environment. The destroyed layer may prevent the release of combustion products and reduce cravings. To install a new pipe, you can put the transition from the brick tube to the sandwich.

For dosilets, the adapter is used in the base, and cylindrical, on the other side. Inside the adapter is a layer of basalt wool.

When moving from sandwich panels to the brick, you need to use two adapters. One above the brick chimney, the second in the attic.

The distance from the sandwich tube to the combustible design of the house is filled with a non-heat material, about 400 mm.

For sealing seams in the design use refractory sealants.

When moving from a square pipe on a round, one cannot reduce the cross section of the pipe and make additional protrusions to not disturb the craving.

Facing the furnace and chimney stem ceramic tiles

New furnaces usually have a beautiful appearance. However, some prefer to separate it with tiles. This is not only beautiful, but also will increase the service life, especially in the bath, where the increased humidity of the air. How to put a tile with your own hands? (Well, if you understand how to fold bricks for the chimney, then you can handle it). The main thing is to correctly select tile glue and cladding material.

How to put a tile so that it does not dug? When cladding with ordinary ceramic tiles, there is a great opportunity to dug or cracking it. The best material will be clinker, terracotta, porcelain stoneware.

Terracotta has greater strength. She is done under pressing.

Clinker and porcelain tiles have high impact resistance, thickness and high refractory.

The surface of the chimney is thoroughly cleaned from dirt and moisturized. From above, with a dowel, stretch the metal grid. The grid improves the clutch of plaster with brick masonry.

Plaster with cement and clay mortar. The ratio of clay to cement 3 to 1 and 0.2 pieces of sand. After plastering, the oven is molded. After, you can glue the tile.

Tile glue to heat-resistant glue using lighthouses and crossbars for alignment of the rows. For grouting seams use the same glue.

If you make an effort and patience, you can cope with the erection of the chimney with your own hands, saving at the invitation of specialists.

In addition to our article, watch the video:

We are not presenting housing without heating. Our concept of comfort unconditionally includes a suitable temperature regime. In the private house there is no central heating, and the problem of heating each owner.

We welcome our permanent reader and offer it an article about chimneys for furnaces - the absolutely necessary component of any heating system, whether it is a furnace, a modern fireplace or a boiler with automatic fuel supply.

Chimney is a vertically located tube, reducing the hot flue gases of fuel in the heating unit to the atmosphere to the height, sufficient to create thrust in the box and dispersion of poisonous combustion products away from windows and vent rip.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of chimneys is based on the phenomenon of expanding hot gases, reduce their density and, respectively, lifting lighter gases upwards.

The flue gases rise up, a vacation is formed in the furnace and colder air is suitable - the phenomenon of thrust occurs.

How the chimney is arranged

The bulk of any chimney is a vertical pipe structure. Constructively different from modern prefabricated fellow from ready-made modules of factory manufacture.

The traditional brick tube includes the following elements: a cervix for connecting to a furnace, a riser with valves, slope, otter, cervix (at the place of passage through the roof), headband, sometimes a metal cap.

Homemade chimneys from metal or asbate cement include pipes, caps, adapters for connecting to the oven, insulation.

The most advanced types of smokers are ceramic and out. The design of ceramics consists of an external ceramzite-concrete frame, an internal ceramic pipe, a layer of insulation between them. The ceramic and sandwich design itself includes the following blocks: direct, for collecting condensate, tees, modules for cleaning, transition elements for connecting heating units. An integral part of the modern smoking is a deflector.

Types and designs

The design features of the smoking is primarily dependent on the material from which they are manufactured.

By material, chimneys are:

brick;
reinforced concrete (usually industrial);
asbotic;
of steel;
ceramic;
three-layer metal - two layers of steel with insulation from mineral wool between them.

By design, chimneys are:

native - design has its own foundation;
wall built into the bearing walls of the building;
nazadny - Light tubes are located on the vertically located outlet nozzle of the boiler or fireplace (and burzhuyki);
often, light designs are simply suspended to the supporting structures of the building;
coaxial - arranged on the principle of "tube in a pipe". The most common example is the horizontal gas feeders of gas heating boilers. It is used in devices with a closed combustion chamber and provide maximum safety of tenants. Save fuel consumption. Recently, the vertical designs of the Sidel system appeared, taking the air for burning on the roof of the house (just below the manpiece).

What better to choose

The choice of chimney largely depends on the parameters of the installed heating unit (design, temperature, the type of fuel used), the degree of readiness of the house (we upgrade the old house with a stove and a wall tube, the house only "in the project" or already mounted structures, or already decoration) ; Heated volumes.

Features of various types of chimneys are shown in Table:

Table 1

Name	Dignity	disadvantages
Brick	Durable and resistant to high temperatures design of brickwork, durability - depending on the material of the liner.	Complex installation requiring highly qualified masonry; high weight, the need for foundation; Large installation, the need to approximately every 10 years of replacement of the liner. When working with modern boilers and fireplaces, brick without a liner can collapse literally for 10 years. Wall structures can be installed only during the construction of the house.
Ceramic	Service life of up to 50 years, smooth inner surface, high installation speed; High acid resistance, good thermal insulation; withstand temperatures up to 550 °	Expensive option; Installation requires some qualifications, there is a need for foundation; fragility
Steel single-layer (and asbetic)	Smooth inner surface, lungs, inexpensive, high installation speed, simplicity of repair; Corrosion resistance and condensate	Insulation is required; When passing through structures from combustible materials, large descendments are needed; Go to 10-15 years, there are no components - when installing will have to do all the elements. Galvanized last five years (or less)
Steel type "Sandwich"	Large service life, smooth inner surface, low weight, fast lighting, simple repair, high resistance to corrosion and condensate; You can install / hang outside the building; Good thermal insulation	Fairly expensive elements

Apply the flexible steel corrugation is not worth it - go beyond very quickly.

Despite the price, it is worth choosing modern ceramic chimneys or "sandwich". If necessary, it is possible to mount both in the finished house, and outside the house, they are durable, they are simply going to be sufficient, resistant to high temperatures, well insulated, have a large range of finished factory elements.

If there is a desire to use an old wall box from a conventional heating furnace - you need to insert stainless steel liner and insulate. But perhaps it is worth choosing a sandwich - the troubles are less.

Make or order

You can make some elements for mounting single-layer pipes or lay out a brick design (if there is a skill of a qualified mason).

But the installation of prefabricated structures is to save a considerable amount from the family budget. For the services of a qualified brigade to pay a lot - the amount is comparable to the value of materials. There is a risk to run into unqualified workers.

When solving the issue of performance of work, you must carefully analyze your capabilities:

how accessible roofing;
do you have friends or relatives who can help;
do you have a fear of height;
what is your qualifications in the performance of repair work.

Construction standards

The chimney device is determined by the positions of SNiP 41-01-2003.

The design of the chimney must meet the following regulatory requirements:

the minimum height should be at least 5,000 mm or a grate grid;
when the roof is located on a slope at a distance less than 1.5 m to the skate - the pipe must be higher than 500 mm skate;
when the roof is located on the slope at a distance of 1.5-3 m to the skate - the pipe must be not lower than the skate;
when the roof is arranged on the slope at a distance of more than 3 m to the skate - the angle between the horizontal and the line passing through the horse and the top of the pipe should be no more than 10 °;
the headband must rise above the flat roof at a height of at least 1,000 mm;

the maximum length of each horizontal and oblique sections should not be greater than 1000 mm, the total length of their projections on the horizontal should not exceed 2000 mm. In the presence of oblique and horizontal sites, it is necessary to lengthen the pipe for the length of horizontal projections. For ceramics, the presence of horizontal sites is not allowed.

Fireproof requirements for chimneys

The distance from the surface of chimneys from ceramics, insulated steel and asbetic to combustible structures of the house should be at least 250 mm; For brick smoking and designs of sandwich pipes - at least 130 mm.

It is necessary to protect the building structures from combustible materials using cement or gypsum plaster on a grid with a thickness of at least 25 mm.

If the roof covering can burn (rubberoid, bituminous tile, ondulin), or leaves can accumulate on it, fluff - on the ledge, you must install a net sparking.

Remember that life and health of your loved ones depends on the quality of smoke removal.

Traction force

Factors affecting the force of thrust:

pipe height;
the condition of the surface of the internal channel is the regularity of cleaning from soot, the roof of the walls;
the presence of inclined or horizontal sections. The presence of horizontal and inclined areas is undesirable, since the elongation of the chimney is undesirable - the gases will be cooled, the thrust is reduced to the tipping;
installation of a deflector;
insulation quality;
air supply to the furnace.

Your safety depends on the strength of the thrust, so it is necessary to regularly check the presence of thrust and take measures to clean the channel from the soot, the tube's head board - from the land.

Production and installation of chimney do it yourself

What materials are better to do

The simplest in the installation is steel structures. Single-layer steel products require insulation and manufacture of components - in general, work for pathological workaholics, and here we will not consider their installation.

The installation of the chimney from the sandwich pipe is quite simple, the presence of a large number of all sorts of elements and components in the stores allow you to collect the device of any configuration.

Drawing and diagrams

Before starting work, decide on the size and draw a diagram or drawing - this will help correctly calculate the required amount of materials and properly organize work.

Calculation of sizes

The height of the pipe is determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003, but should not be below 5 m from the grate grid. The diameter is taken equal to the diameter of the outlet of the heating device.

Video on mounting

Browse our video - it will help to see all the subtleties of the assembly process.

FEATURES OF MONTAGE

Installation starts from the furnace or fireplace. The first starting element is mounted on the boiler nozzle or furnace. This element has no insulation for technological reasons (the non-altage filler melts and sinters into a stone). All elements are designed in such a way that one end of it has a smaller diameter and is inserted one into another, as in the fool. One of the options for docking is a little pull out the inner tube, insert into another inner tube. Put. Then omit the outer tube with the insulation, press. Secure the compound crimping clamp, tighten it with a bolt with a nut. All joints need to miss the sealant.

Then the tee is mounted, the modules with a luchka for cleaning and a condensate car are mounted below. There are structures to set the bottom of the chimney to the floor.

Then mounted the rest of the design. Through the meter sandwich attach to the wall with special brackets. On each floor and in the attic there should be an element with a cramp for cleaning.

It is advisable to connect the elements of the chimney "on condensate" - the pipes are mounted in such a way that the top inserted into the bottom and condensate could not leak through the joints, and the glasses on the walls into the condensate trap.

Under the ceiling mounted element with a schiber.

The location of the pipe in the ceiling is closed with a galvanized sheet and filled with insulation. The designs to the structures should be at least 130 mm.

The most difficult stage in the installation is the passage of the roof. Place a hole in the right place of the roof. Make a hole in the roof. From the inside the sinry sheet is attached, the roof is installed on the roof. It is selected depending on the angle of inclination of the roof. The edges of the cutting are boaking under a sheet of roofing material.

If necessary, install stretch marks. Install the deflector.

Frequent errors and problems when installing

The most serious error is the lack of condensate collector and elements with shutters for cleaning.

In places of passage of structures through overlaps, it is strictly forbidden to establish the joints of individual elements - the surrounding hot smoke can cause a fire.

A very significant error is the absence of a deflector or at least a cap over the smoking.

Snow and rain should not fall inside the pipe - they increase the formation of condensate, it can block the pipe cross section.

Service and cleaning

Any chimney requires regular soot cleaning. This will avoid fires, reduce thrust. Cleaning should be carried out 2 times a year.

Two cleaning methods - mechanical and chemical.

With a chemical in the furnace burned special means. They burn at a very high temperature and accelerate wear of the inner walls of the chimney, so it is better to use mechanical cleaning methods for a sandwich.

On the ledge can be aligned with icicles and flooding from condensate - they overlap the cross-section of the box and reduce the craving, which increases the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

It is necessary to choose pipes in which the thickness of the outer metal layer is 1 mm (and not 0.5 mm). It is very easy to check - the product with a thin wall has a wall begging if you hand over with your hands.

When installing sandwich structures, it is necessary to use a special sealant for high operating temperature (automotive sealant with a 500 ° operating temperature).

If the pipe towers above the roof, more than one meter - it should be strengthened with stretch marks.

The efficiency and performance of the furnace operation depends on the optimal size of the cross section and the height of the chimney. Rules SNiP and several calculation options will help you correctly pick up the size for a wood-burning furnace in the house.

Turn

Why do you need to know the diameter?

Newbies do not understand how much the chimney of the oven and why it is so important to correctly carry out the calculations not only internal size, but also the height of the pipe. When developing an individual project for an autonomous system of heating of residential or production facilities, the level of thrust and productivity of the unit depends on the accuracy of the data.

Inexperienced builders can make a pipe with a large or insufficient cross section. In any such version, the operation of the heating device is broken, and you simply throw money into the wind. For optimal operation of the home heating system, it is important to conduct an accurate calculation and get acquainted with the recommendations of regulatory documents.

Important! Fire safety of the house, performance performance, comfortable temperature - the solution of all these issues depends on the correct definition of the size and length of the smoke tube.

What should be the diameter of the chimney for the furnace?

The size of the chimney can be calculated in several ways. The easiest - determination of the chimney section depending on the size of the flue compartment. Solid fuel consumption is determined by this characteristic, and based on these data, it is possible to determine the exhaust gases.

If you have an open type of firebox and chimney made of steel round tube - these values \u200b\u200bshould be in proportion 10 to 1. For example, the dimensions of the heat chamber 50/40. Such a furnace should be equipped with chimney, cross section 180 mm.

If we make a brick pipe, its internal size must exceed the size of the doors of the ash bar or pondered one and a half times. The minimum size of the square cavity to remove gases is 140/140 mm.

Methods of calculations

Accurate method + formula

Calculate the chimney for the stove, the occupation is not for beginners. Such work is better to entrust professionals. But if you decide to calculate this parameter you will need knowledge of basic data and several formulas:

B is the coefficient of the combustion rate of solid fuel. This value is determined based on the data of Table No. 10 of GOST 2127;
V is the level of incinerated fuel. This value is indicated on the industrial instrument tag;
T is the level of heating of the reducing gases at the place of exit from the chimney. For wood stoves - 1500.

Total smoky area. It is calculated based on the ratio of gases, this value is indicated by "VR" and the speed of their promotion in the pipeline. For household furnaces working on firewood, this number is equal to 2 m / s.
The diameter of the round tube is calculated by the formula - d² \u003d (4 * VR) / (π * W), where W is the speed of gases. All calculations are better to perform on the calculator and carefully contribute all the values.

Calculate the optimal amount of thrust

This operation is performed to control the calculations of the optimal height and smoke of the chimney. Such a calculation can be carried out in 2 formulas. The main, but complex we give in this chapter, and the main, simple formula, we present when performing a test calculation of the data:

C is a permanent coefficient equal to firewood furnaces 0.034;
the letter "A" is the value of atmospheric pressure. The magnitude of natural pressure in chimney - 4 pa;
the height of the chimney is indicated by the letter "H".
T0 - average atmospheric temperature;
Ti is the magnitude of the heating of the exhaust gases when they exit them from the pipe.

Example of calculating chimney cross section

We take as a foundation:

bourgehinka works on solid fuel;
for 60 minutes in the furnace burns to 10 kg of wood hardwood of trees;
fuel humidity level - up to 25%.

Let us give the main formula once again:

We carry out the calculation in several stages:

We perform an action in brackets - 1 + 150/273. After calculations, we obtain the number 1.55.
We define the cube of the exit gas - Vr \u003d (10 * 10 * 1.55) / 3600. After calculations, we obtain a volume equal to 0.043 m 3 / s.
Chimney pipe area - (4 * 0.043) / 3.14 * 2. The calculation gives a value - 0.027 m 2.
We take a square root from the smoke area and calculate its diameter. It is 165 mm.

Now we determine the magnitude of the thrust on the simple formula:

According to the calculation formula, calculate this value - 10 * 3300 * 1.16. This value is 32.28 kW.
Calculate the level of heat loss at each meter of the pipe. 0.34 * 0.196 \u003d 1.73 0.
Gas heating level on the exit section of the pipe. 150- (1.73 * 3) \u003d 144.8 0.
Atmospheric gas pressure in chimney. 3 * (1,2932-0.8452) \u003d 1.34 m / s.

Important! Using your oven data, you can independently calculate, but it is better to consult with specialists. The safety of your housing and the efficiency of the operation of heating devices depends on the correct calculation.

Swedish calculation method

The size of the chimney for the furnace can also be performed according to this technique, but the main purpose of the Swedish method is the calculation of the chimney of fireplaces with an open furnace.

In this technique, the magnitude of the flue compartment and the volume of air in it is not used. To determine the correctness of the calculation, the schedule is used:

Here, it is important to match the ratio of the coaching area ("F") and the holes of the chimney pipe ("F"). For example:

dimensions of the furnaces of 770/350 mm. Calculating the compartment area - 7.7 * 3.5 \u003d 26.95 cm 2;
smoke size 260/130 mm, pipe area - 2.6 * 1,3 \u003d 3.38 m 2;
consider the ratio. (338/2695) * 100 \u003d 12.5%.
we look at the bottom of the table, the value of 12.5 and we see that the calculation of the length and diameter is made correctly. For our oven, it is necessary to construct chimney, a height of 5 m.

We will analyze another example of calculation:

fire 800/500 mm, its area is 40 cm 2;
the chimney of the chimney is 200/200 mm, the area is 4 cm 2;
calculate the ratio (400/4000) * 100 \u003d 10%.
on the table determine the length of the chimney. In our case, for a round sandwich, it should be 7 m.

What to do if the cross section of the chimney square?

Cylindrical chimneys, especially after the appearance of sandwich pipes, the most common types of devices. But during the construction of a brick furnace, you have to lay out a square or rectangular shape.

In such chimneys, curvatures are formed, preventing the normal passage of exhaust gases and reduce the thrust. But for wood stoves or fireplaces - rectangular pipes remain the most sought-after form. In such devices, an increased level of exhaust gases is not required.

The calculation of the chimney for a wood-stove with a square or rectangular cross section is carried out taking into account the ratio of the size of the pipe to the dimensions of the subdivinal hole on the furnace. Such a proportion is 1 / 1.5, where 1 is the inner cross section of the pipeline, and 1.5 dimensions pondered or ash bar.

What should be the height of the chimney pipe for the furnace?

The calculation of this parameter avoids the occurrence of reverse thrust and other possible troubles. This issue is regulated by the rules of SNiP and other documents.

Why do you need this parameter?

In order to understand the importance of this factor, we will analyze more than several physical laws and the consequences of incorrectly made chimneys. When passing heated gases, the temperature decreases, but the warm air or gases always rise up.

At the outlet of the pipe, the temperature is even more declining. The exhaust gases that are in the pipeline with a reliable layer of thermal insulation have a high temperature and a pillar of heated smoke, rising up increases the thrust in the furnace.

We will analyze the situation - reduce the inner section of the pipe and increase the height of the pipe over the ridge of the roof. If you think that the volume of heated gas increases, the cooling time of smoke is increasing and the thrust increases - such a statement is true only by half. The thrust will be excellent, even with a big breath. Firewood will quickly burn out the cost of buying fuel will increase.

Excessive increase in the height of the chimney can cause an increase in aerodynamic twist and lowering the level of thrust. It is fraught with the appearance of the reverse thrust and the exit of smoke in the living quarters.

Requirements SNIP

The length of the exhaust gas exhaust pipelines is regulated by the SNiP requirements 2.04.05. The rules prescribe to comply with several major installation rules:

the minimum distance from the grate grid in the furnace, to a protective visor on the roof - 5000 mm. Height above the level of coating flat roof 500 mm;
the height of the pipe over the roof or skate must match the recommended. We will tell about this in a separate chapter;
if buildings are located on the flat roof, the pipe should be higher. In this case, with a high height of the pipe, it is repaid with stretch marks from wire or cable;
if the building is equipped with a ventilation system, their height should not exceed the cap of the output of the exhaust gases.

Methods of self-calculation

How to independently calculate the height of the smoke channel, for this it will be necessary to calculate the formula:

"A" - climatic and weather conditions in the region. For the north, this coefficient is 160. The value in other areas you can find on the Internet;
"MI" is a mass of gases passing through the chimney for a certain time. This magnitude can be found in the documentation of your heating device;
"F" is the sedimentation time of ash and other waste on the walls of the chimney. For wood stoves coefficient - 25, for electrical units - 1;
"SPDKI", "SFI" - the level of substances concentration in the exhaust gas;
"V" - the level of exhaust gases;
"T" is the temperature difference of air from the atmosphere and spent gases.

The trial calculation does not make sense - the coefficients and other values \u200b\u200bwill not suit your unit, and the extraction of square roots will require the engineering calculator.

Table "Height of the chimney over the skate"

Determine with the size of pipes without carrying out complex calculations, the table of the height of the chimney above the roof structure will help. First, we will analyze the selection of the length of the pipe for flat roofs.

Output

By calculating or determining the size of the table, you not only secure your home from the emergence of fires, but also save fuel significantly. The main thing carefully and responsibly perform installation and comfort and comfort in the house will be provided.

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The efficiency and safety of the heating device generating heat due to the combustion of a fuel, largely depends on the parameters and the state of the chimney. Today, many companies engaged in the release of warmed steel models, but not all users are ready to put up with their high cost and relatively short-term service life. Often, homeowners make a decision on the construction of a chimney pipe on traditional technology, that is, from bricks, with their own hands. To do this, you need to adhere to some rules and know which materials it is better to use.

Strong and weak sides of a brick chimney

Brick flue pipes can be applied on any objects, be it a boiler room or private house. With the advent of prefabricated steel "sandwiches", they became less demanded, but still used quite widely. This is explained by the following advantages:

brick chimney is cheaper than the "sandwich";
serves longer: about 30 years;
it is an important architectural element and is ideally combined visually with some kind of roofing coatings, such as tiled.

But the disadvantages of this design abound:

By complexity and duration, the construction of such a chimney is inferior to the installation of "Sandwich", and for the delivery of materials, special transport will be required.
The chimney of the brick has a significant weight, so it has to ensure reliable base.
The diameter has a rectangular shape, although the most appropriate is a round cross section. In the corners there are curvatures that prevent the normal expiration of gases and deteriorating thus thus.
The inner surface of the brick chimney even in the case of decorative decorative remains rough, as a result of which it is faster than the soot.

Unlike stainless steel, the brick is rapidly destroyed by acid condensate. The latter is formed if the temperature of the flue gases during their movement along the pipe has time to fall below 90 degrees. Therefore, when connecting to a brick chimney of a modern economy boiler with low-temperature exhaust or stove, operated in mode (heat generators, Professor Boutakov, Bullerjan, Breneran), it is necessary to perform its sleeve, that is, installed inside the stainless steel pipe.

Elements of brick chimney

The design of the chimney is very simple.

The chimney channel is protected from above the cone-shaped part - umbrella or cap (1), which prevents ingestion of precipitation, dust and small garbage. The top element of the pipe is the head board (2) - is wider than its main part. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the amount of moisture falling during the rain to the following section - neck (3).

Over the roof there is another broadening - the otter (5). Thanks to him, the atmospheric moisture does not fall into the slot between the chimney and roofing coating (6). On the otter with the help of a cement mortar, a scat (4) is formed, which runs down on the pipe water. To prevent the fire from the fire (7) and doomles (8) from contact with the hot surface of the chimney, they are wrapped with thermal insulating material.

The flue of the chimney crossing the attic room is called the rudder (9). In the lower part of it, just at the level of the attic overlap, there is another broadening - the roller (10).

Note! All three broadenings are the headband, the otter and the roller - are made only due to the thickening of the wall, the cross-section of the channel always remains constant. Otter with flipper, as well as other elements of chimney, installed in the places of crossing the roof or overlaps, are called cutting.

The thick walls of the roller protect the wooden elements of overlapping (11) from excessive heating, which can cause their ignition.

Chimney can be done without a roller. Then, in the passage zone, the steel box is mounted around the pipe, which is subsequently filled with a bulk heat insulator - clamzite, sand or vermiculite. The thickness of this layer should be 100-150 mm. But experienced users apply this cutting version do not advise: the insulating aggregator lifts through the slots.

The roller is additionally replaced by an effective non-flammable heat insulator (12). Previously, asbestos used in this capacity everywhere, but after detection of carcinogenic properties, this material is trying not to apply. Harmless, but more expensive alternative - basalt cardboard.

The lowest section of the chimney is also called cervical (14). It has a valve (13), by means of which you can adjust the craving.

Depending on the erection method, the chimney may relate to one of the following types:

Nasadny As a basis for such a design, the furnace itself is. To withstand the impressive weight of the chimney, its walls must have a thickness of two bricks.
Root. Such chimney stands on a separate foundation and part of any heat generating unit is not. The chimney of the oven or boiler is connected to it by means of a horizontal tunnel - a cross-shift sleeve.
Wall. Chimneys of this type are channels in the bearing walls. In order to save heat, the inner walls are usually used, on both sides of which are heated premises.

In the vertical brick chimney, the thrust is formed naturally, that is, at the expense of convection. A prerequisite for the formation of an upward flow is the temperature difference between the ambient air and the assigned gases: the greater it will, the more severe thrust is formed in the pipe. Therefore, for the normal functioning of the chimney, it is very important to take care of its insulation.

Calculation of the main parameters

At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the height of the chimney and the dimensions of the cross section of the chimney channel. The task of calculation is to ensure optimal strength of the thrust. It should be sufficient so that the needy amount of air and all combustion products were fully applied to the full, and at the same time it is not too big that hot gases have time to give their heat.

Height

The height of the chimney must be selected taking into account the following requirements:

The minimum height difference between the grate and the tip of the head is 5 m.
If the roof is covered with a combustible material, for example, bituminous tiles, chimney headband should rise above it at least 1.5 m.
For roofs with a non-combustible coating, the minimum distance to the vertex is 0.5 m.

The rope of a pitched roof or parapet flat in windy weather should not create a porch of chimney. To do this, you need to follow the following rules:

if the pipe is located closer than 1.5 m in relation to the skate or parapet, it must rise above this element at least 0.5 m;
by removing from a skate or paraperature to the distance from 1.5 to 3 M, the tube's ledel may be at one height with this element;
when removing more than 3 m, the top of the headband can be located below the skate, at an altitude conducted through it, an inclined line with an angle of 10 degrees relative to the horizontal.

If there is a higher construction near the house, the smoke tube should be erected by 0.5 m above its roof.

Sizes section

If the chimney is to connect a furnace or a boiler, then the sizes of the section should be determined depending on the power of the heat generator:

up to 3.5 kW: the channel is made by the size of the Pollipich - 140x140 mm;
from 3.5 to 5.2 kW: 140x200 mm;
from 5.2 to 7 kW: 200kh270 mm;
over 7 kW: Two bricks - 270x270 mm.

The power of heat generators of the factory manufacture is indicated in the passport. If the furnace or boiler is self-made, this parameter has to be determined independently. Calculation is carried out by the formula:

W \u003d VT * 0.63 * * 0.8 * E / T,

W is the power of the heat generator, kW;
VT - the volume of the furnace, m 3;
0.63 - the average loading coefficient;
0.8 - averaged coefficient showing which part of the fuel is combusting to the fullest;
E - calorific value of fuel, kW * h / m 3;
T - The combustion time of one fuel loading, h.

Typically take T \u003d 1 hour - in approximately such a time is burning a portion of fuel in conventional combustion.

The calorific value E depends on the wood breed and its humidity. The average values \u200b\u200bare:

for poplar: at a moisture content of 12% E - 1856 kW * h / cube. m, with humidity 25 and 50% - respectively 1448 and 636 kW * h / m 3;
for ate: with humidity 12, 25 and 50%, respectively, 2088, 1629 and 715 kW * Ch / m 3;
for pine: respectively, 2413, 1882 and 826 kW * Ch / m 3;
for Birch: respectively, 3016, 2352 and 1033 kW * h / m 3;
for oak: respectively, 3758, 2932 and 1287 kW * h / m 3.

For fireplaces, the calculation is kept somewhat different. Here, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney depends on the size of the windows window: F \u003d K * A.

F is the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney channel, see 2;
K is the proportionality coefficient, depending on the height of the chimney and the form of its cross-section;
A - area of \u200b\u200bwindows windows, cm 2.

The coefficient K is equal to the following values:

with a chimney height of 5 m: for round section - 0.112, for square - 0.124, for rectangular - 0.132;
6 m: 0.105, 0.116, 0.123;
7 m: 0.1, 0.11, 0.117;
8 m: 0.095, 0.112, 0.112;
9 m: 0.091, 0.101, 0.106;
10 m: 0.087, 0.097, 0.102;
11 m: 0.089, 0.094, 0.098.

For intermediate height values, the coefficient K can be determined by special graphics.

The real dimensions of the chimney canal seek to make close calculated. But they choose them, taking into account the standard sizes of bricks, blocks or cylindrical parts.

Materials and tools

The brick chimney is operated in conditions of significant temperature differences, so it follows it from the highest quality brick. From compliance with this rule will depend on how safe the structure will be: if the brick does not crack, it means that there will not be poisoning gases and sparks that can cause a fire.

Brick species

The pipe is erected from full-scale ceramic brick with refractory properties of brands from M150 to M200. Depending on the quality, this material is divided into three varieties.

First grade

In the manufacture of such bricks, the temperature and exposure time during the firing perfectly correspond to the type of clay. You can find it on the following signs:

blocks are bright red, a yellowish shade is possible;
the body of the brick does not have a relaxed pore and inclusion;
all the faces are smooth and smooth, there are no rejected areas on the ribers;
colding with a light hammer or other metal item gives a ringing and clear sound.

Second grade

Such a brick is inexpensive. That's what signs are characteristic of it:

blocks have a pale orange low-saturated color;
numerous pores are visible on the surface;
the sound when climbing is deaf and short;
on the edges and ribs there may be defects in the form of scaling and outdated areas.

For the brick of the 2nd grade, low heat capacity, frost resistance and density are characteristic.

Third grade

the blocks have a deep dark red color, almost brown come across;
when climbing, they give too a ringing sound;
the faces and ribs contain defects in the form of chips and scaling;
the structure is porous.

Such a brick does not have frost resistance, does not keep warm and is too fragile.

Chimney should be built from the brick of the first grade. A second-time should not be applied at all, and the foundations for separate pipes can be made from the third-rate.

What solution is needed

Requirements for the quality of the solution are as high as for the brick. For any temperature, weather and mechanical influences, it must ensure the tightness of the masonry during the entire service life. Since individual sections of the chimney work in various conditions, then different solutions are used in its masonry.

If the erected pipe is native, then the first two of its series (zone №3), located under the floor, should be put on the cement-sandy solution (on 1 part of cement 3-4 of the sand). To make the mixture more plastic, you can add 0.5 parts of the lime to it.

The above-mentioned areas of the chimney to the rolling inclusive have an internal temperature from 355 to 400 degrees, so the clay-sandy solution is used when they are erected. If the roller ends under the ceiling (zone number 8), and the cutting is made of bulk material (zone No. 9), then the use of this mixture applies to the rows in the cutting.

The riser, the otter and the neck of the chimney (zone number 10), which are not very hot, but are susceptible to wind loads, should be put on the use of a lime solution. The same composition can also be used in the device of the head (zone №11), but a conventional cement-sand mixture is suitable for this site.

Clay for a solution should be taking a medihaft. It should not have a strong smell, as it is a sign of the presence of organic impurities that cause the appearance of cracks in the solution.

The absence of organic is desirable for sand. This requirement satisfies mountain sand, as well as his cheaper replacement from ground brick battle. The latter can be ceramic and chamoten. Since the chimney is erected from ceramic bricks, then the sand should be used as the same.

In addition to these materials, special purchased elements will be required - the clean door, the valve and the cap. The gaps between brick masonry and metal-mounted metal products are compacted using asbestos cord or basalt cardboard.

Instruments

Tools will be used the most ordinary:

master OK;
hammer-korcha;
plumb.

Do not do without a construction level.

Preparatory work

If the root chimney is erected, the construction work should be started with a reinforced concrete foundation device. Its minimum height is 30 cm, while the sole must be located below the depth of the primer of the soil. The foundation of the chimney should not have a rigid connection with the foundation of the building, since both objects give a different shrinkage.

Some masters before starting work brick soaked. It makes sense, since in dry blocks the blocks will actively absorb water from the solution and the laying will be fragile. But it should be borne in mind that the laying of bricks who have been soaked will dry long enough, so choose a technique in accordance with the time of the year and weather conditions - the brick should dry to the first frost.

Sand must be carefully cleansed from impurities by sieving through a sieve with a cell 1x1 mm, and then rinse. Clay better wipe through the sieve after soaking. The lime used must be exhausted.

Solutions are prepared by the following recipe:

Clay-sand: mix the sand, chamotte and ordinary clay in a 4: 1: 1 proportion.
Lime: sand, lime and cement M400 brand are connected in a proportion of 2.5: 1: 0.5.
Cement-sand: mix sand and cement M400 brand in a 3: 1 or 4: 1 ratio.

Clay is soaked for 12-14 hours, stirring from time to time and adding if necessary, water. Then sand is added to it. The given recipe is designed to clap medium fat, but this parameter is desirable to check in advance in the following way:

Take 5 small portions of clay the same mass.
In 4 servings, sand is added in the amount of 10, 25, 75 and 100% of the clay volume, and one is left in its pure form. For obviously oily clay, the amount of sand in the portions is 50, 100, 150 and 200%. Each of the test samples should be mixed to a homogeneous state, and then by gradually adding water to turn into a solution with a consistency of thick test. Properly prepared mixture should not stick to the hands.
From each portion make several balls with a diameter of 4-5 cm and as much plates with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm.
Next, they are dried within 10-12 days indoors with a constant room temperature and without drafts.

Determine the result, considering the solution suitable for work that meets the two requirements:

the products made from it did not crack after drying (this happens at high fatty);
the balls dropped from a height are not crumbling (this testifies to insufficient fat).

The resulting test solution is prepared in sufficient volume (2-3 buckets are required by 100 bricks), while the water is added so much so that the mixture is easily rushing from the trowel.

How to post a chimney with your own hands: Step-by-step instructions

If materials and tools are prepared, construction work can be started:

Approximately two rows before the ceiling begins to spread the flap. If there are several channels in the chimney, then their struggling bricks must be partially recessed in one of the outer walls.
Lay out the first two rows especially carefully. They set the tone of the whole design, so they must be perfectly even and strictly horizontal. If a housing tube is placed, it is built from the first rows to the clay-sandy solution, which is applied with a layer with a thickness of 8-9 mm, and when the block is set to the location, 6-7 mm is compressed.
Following the order, the neck of the chimney is erected. The seams must be tied to the masonry not cracking into separate layers.
From the inside the seams are wiping with a solution (so that the inner surface of the chimney is as smooth as possible).
The duration of the roller is determined taking into account the estimated precipitation of the structures:

With each number of wall thickness in the roller increase by 30-35 mm. To do this, cut from brick plates of different thickness. So, for example, in the 1st row of the roller, in addition to whole blocks, the number of which has increased from 5 to 6, longitudinal and transverse halves are used (2 pieces) and several quarters. Cutting bricks need to be laid so that the grungy slice looks inside the masonry, and not in the chimney channel. A row of a roller, which will be closed with overlapping, it is necessary to isolate from wooden elements with strips from asbestos or basalt cardboard. Further return to the initial size of the chimney - it will be the first row of the riser. At this stage, with the help of a plumb, it is necessary to determine the projection of the chimney to the roof and perform a hole in it. In the waterproofing and vaporizolation films do not make a hole, but a cross-like cut. After that, the resulting petals are bended in such a way that the functionality of this element is not broken. A number of nearby lay out the riser, seeking to make it absolutely vertical (controlled by a plumb).

Formation of otter

The riser ends near, half a height protruding above the lower edge of the opening in the roof. Those that are at the level of wooden rafters and dohes, it is necessary to isolate asbestos or basalt stripes.

The next number begins the otter. Like a roller, it gradually expands, but unevenly, and taking into account the different height of the root of the hole in the roof. Next, the dimensions of the chimney are returned to the initial values \u200b\u200b- the neck of the furnace begins.

The last stage is the device of the headside of two rows. The first row is made with avenue by 30-40 mm in all directions. The second row - by the usual scheme, while the protoconal surface is laid on the protonic solution.

At the ledge of the head and the umbrella is attached. The lumen between its bottom and the top of the head shall should be 150-200 mm.

If the roofing material is flammable and a solid fuel heat generator is connected to the chimney, a sparrowler (metal grid) should be installed on the headside.

The gap between the pipe and the roof should be sealing.

The "steps" of the otters are smoothed with a solution so that an inclined surface is formed, after which the entire outer part of the chimney should be treated with a waterproofing composition.

Warming of brick chimney

The cheapest method of insulation of the chimney is the deprovement of its surface with a solution based on lime and slag. First, the reinforcing mesh is fixed on the chimney, then the layer is applied to the layer, making the mixture every time more and more thick. The number of layers is from 3 to 5. As a result, the coating has a thickness of 40 mm.

After drying the plaster on it there may be cracks that need to be smeared. Next, the chimney whites with a solution of chalk or lime.

More expensive, but a more efficient version of insulation is associated with the use of basalt wool with a density of 30-50 kg / m 3. Since the chimney walls are flat, it is more expedient to use this insulation in the form of rigid plates, not soft cloths (mats).

To install basalt wool on the chimney, you need to secure a dowel frame from metal products. The insulation is stacked in the frame, after which it can be fixed with a strained cape-cord or fasten to brickwork by special plate dowels having a large diameter hat (to eliminate the material to eliminate the material).

On top of basalt cotton wool, the steamproof film is laid (this thermal insulator absorbs water well), and then placed in a conventional cement-sandy solution along the reinforcing grid or tinted with a tint (can be galvanized).

Installation of the sleeve

The chimney guilllection is carried out in the following sequence:

In the zone of connecting the boiler or oven, the chimney masonry is dismantled to the height, sufficient for mounting the longest part of the steel liner. This is usually a condensate collector.
Consistently set all the elements of the liner (sleeve), starting from the highest. As you install, the installed parts are fed up, freeing the place for the next. Each element has hooks for which you can cling to the rope skolped through the upper hole.
After installing the sleeve, the space between it and the walls of the chimney is filled with a non-combustible heat insulator.

At the end, the opening in the chimney is again laid by brick.

Cleaning chimney

A layer of soot deposited inside the chimney not only reduces its cross section, but also increases the likelihood of a fire, because it can ignite. Sometimes it is even specially burned, but this method of cleaning is very dangerous. It is more correct to remove soot by a combination of two methods:

Mechanical implies the use of brushes and scrapers on long extensive holders, as well as weights on a strong cord, which is passed into the chimney from above.
Chemical: In the firebox, along with conventional fuel, a special means is burned, for example, "Polyse-Petrychit" (sold in business stores). It includes many substances - coal wax, ammonium sulfate, zinc chloride, etc. The gas released during burning this means forms a coating on the chimney walls, which does not allow them to adhere to them.

The second method is applied as preventive.

Video: Brick Pipe Laying

At first glance, the chimney is extremely simple design. However, at each stage of its construction - from the choice of materials to the installation of thermal insulation - a weighted and deliberate approach is required. Following the recommendations of specialists, you can build a solid and safe construction that will serve for many years.

Of course, a modern house with a stove is an anachronism. The indental owner puts itself a comprehensive system of heating. However, what could be better than sitting in the evening in front of the fireplace or get into the Russian bath? But the fireplace, and a good stove in the Russian bath can not do without chimney chimney. This equipment will also be relevant in the construction of stationary mangals and barbecue. The device of chimneys and chimneys is visible to considerable, but has some nuances.

Divide chimney chimneys can be divided into several large groups depending on the material of their manufacture. So they can be made using brick masonry, made of metal pipes of various types, as well as from multilayer materials.

In addition, oven chimneys may differ by the method of their installation:

Wall chimneys are mounted directly in the thickness of the walls of the building, outdoor or internal. In this case, furnaces and fireplaces can also mount directly in the walls of the buildings.
Suspended chimneys are mounted on the outer walls of the buildings.
There are indigenous chimneys. Such designs are mounted separately, next to the furnace.

Requirements Snip to chimney and chimney

To the chimneys under construction pipes under construction, certain requirements are imposed:

They should effectively remove combustion products.
They must have sufficient height over the ridge of the roof.
Their inner section should be sufficient for complete removal of smoke.
Pipes must be resistant to high temperatures.
They must be durable, the upper part of the chimney must withstand the impulses of the wind

Let's start with the height of the chimney pipe. A sufficient height of the chimney provides good traction and effectively removes combustion products, not allowing the room to smoke and supporting the craving. However, the excessive height of the pipe can lead to the formation of condensate and to reduce the thrust.

The diameter of the chimney or its internally, the section is calculated based on the size of the furnace. It increases with the volume of floculas, proportionally to it. The insufficient cross section of the chimney leads to a smoke, but excessive diameter will lead, on the contrary, to a decrease in thrust.

What the chimney should be made, what materials are forbidden to use?

The main requirement to the material of the manufacture of chimney chimneys is a heat resistance. The minimum fireproof threshold of the stoved pipe material is defined at 30 minutes and 1000 degrees. In constant mode of operation, the pipe material must, without prejudice to withstand the temperature of 500 degrees, since the temperature of combustion products is rarely lowered below 300 degrees.

The reserve of 200 degrees is associated with the fact that the soot accumulating in the pipes tends to self-burning.

Strict requirements are also presented to thermal conductivity. The temperature of the outer layer of chimney pipes should not exceed 90 degrees, and in places of conjugation with light-allegiating structures - not higher than 65 degrees.

We particularly note that the combustion materials have an aggressive chemical composition and material from which furnace chimney pipes are made effectively withstand an unfavorable chemical environment. In addition, a portion of the pipe that goes beyond the placement is exposed to climatic conditions and should not collapse due to temperature differences.

The traditional manufacturing material of chimneys is a refractory brick. It practically perfectly meets all the requirements for chimney materials. However, the construction of chimney chimneys from brick requires certain skills.

In addition, the brick must be individually selected for each heating device. So in the furnaces, the temperature of the combustion products is usually held at 250 degrees, and in fireplaces, 400 degrees can reach direct fire. Thus, the walls of the brick tube for the fireplace are recommended to perform from chamotte brick, laying the thickness of the walls of more than 15 centimeters with seams of 5 mm. This significantly increases the cost of manufacturing the chimney pipes for fireplaces, as well as the requirements for the strength characteristics of the foundations under the fireplace.

Chimney and chimneys from asbestoscent

Relatively cheap, but also reliable material for the manufacture of chimney pipes are asbestos-cement pipes. They can be used to build chimneys in stationary mangals, light buildings, baths. When installing such pipes, special attention should be paid to the sections of the conjugation with light-magazine materials, since the asbestos-cement pipe during the service can crack.

Stainless steel chimneys

As a rule, chimneys made of stainless metal can be used in the construction of heating systems with gas boilers. Such a pipe is very heated from the passage of combustion products and therefore it must be reliably equipped. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the pipe from which the chimney is made. Thin stainless metal, especially in poor-quality pipes, can give cracks, which will easily become the cause of the fire.

Also the disadvantage of such a pipe model is the strong formation of condensate on their surface.

Pipes and chimneys from multilayer composite materials

New pipe models, also called "sandwich pipes" appeared on the market relatively recently, but have already managed to establish themselves well. Multilayer pipes are made in industrial conditions, usually in the form of meter segments, during installation chimneys need to simply connect them. Such a pipe is reliable in a strength point, it is highly resistant to high temperatures and to an aggressive chemical environment.

Typically, the sandwich tube has three layers. The inner surface is made of stainless steel, upper - from galvanized. Between them is an insulating material.

Such a pipe has a little weight and is unscrupulusing enough to install. It does not give a large load on the oven. As a disadvantage, you can note the high cost of such designs and a relatively low service life. However, the time of the trouble-free operation of the sandwich pipe depends on the specific manufacturer. During operation, such a pipe is subjected to temperature deformations, which can disrupt its integrity.

Multilayer pipes may also have the other composition. So the inner part can be made of refractory clay, and basalt wool can be placed between it and the upper sheath of light concrete. Such a complete set of multilayer pipes significantly increases their service life. In addition, various decorative coatings can be placed on the outer part of such a pipe.

Modular chimneys

The modern industry offers ready-made designers sets for self-installing chimney chimneys. All components are made at industrial enterprises, and then easily collected at the installation site.

How to set the passage of chimney through the roof?

1 - smoke chimney, 2 - Leg Stropil, 3 - Fireproof thermal insulation material, 4 - carrier beam

Usually, the installation of chimney chimneys is made during the construction of a building or structure, simultaneously with the installation of a furnace or heating system.

With this approach, you can easily be adjusted to the mutual location of the rafter under the chimney and create the necessary gaps between wooden materials and chimneys. They must leave at least 15 centimeters and are paired by fireproof material, such as basalt cotton.

When building a furnace or a fireplace, when calculating their foundation, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the chimney pipe.

The upper part of the pipe can be equipped with a protective device that prevents sparks from one side, and on the other hand, the rain is hit.