Conventions of electrical elements. Conditional graphic designations of electrical and electronic circuit elements. Conditional graphic images of electrical equipment, electrical devices and electrical receivers

Reading electrical schemes required skill to represent electrical networks, nodes, as well as various equipment. No specialist will start installing equipment, before familiarization with the regulatory accompanying documents.

The fundamental electrical circuits allow the developer to convey a full report on the product in a compressed form to the user using conditionally graphic designations (HTO). To avoid confusion and marriage when assembling according to drawings, alphanumeric designations are listed in a single system of design documentation (ECCD). All concepts are developed, and are used in full compliance with GOSTs (21.614, 2.722-68, 2.763-68, 2.729-68, 2.755-87). Guests describe elements, the values \u200b\u200bare described.

Reading drawings

The concept of electrical diagram shows all elements, parts and networks included in the drawing, electrical and mechanical connections. Reveals the full functionality of the system. All elements of any electrical circuit correspond to the notation positioned in Guest.

A list of documents in which all the elements are prescribed, their parameters are attached to the drawing. Components are indicated in alphabetical order, taking into account digital sorting. The list of documents (specification) is indicated on the drawing itself, or is submitted by separate sheets.

Procedure for studying drawings

First define the type of drawing. According to GOST 2.702-75, each graphical document corresponds to an individual code. All electrical drawings have an alphabetic designation "E" and the corresponding digital value from 0 to 7. The electrical concept corresponds to the "E3" code.

Reading concept:

• Visually familiarize yourself with the drawing presented, pay attention to the specified notes and technical requirements.
• Find on a schematic image all the components specified in the list of the document;
• Determine the power supply of the system and the generation of the current (single-phase, three-phase);
• Find the main nodes, and determine their power supply;
• Familiarize yourself with elements and protection devices;
• Examine the management method marked on the document, its tasks and the algorithm of actions. Understand the sequence of device actions when startup, stop, short circuit;
• Analyze the work of each section of the chain, to determine the main components, auxiliary elements, study the technical documentation of the listed parts;
• Based on the studied data of the document, to conclude the processes occurring in each chain link presented in the drawing.

Knowing the sequence of actions, alphanumeric designations, you can read any electrical scheme.

Graphic designations

The concept has two varieties - one-centered and complete. On one-centers, only the power wire with all the elements, if the main network does not differ in individual add-ons from standardly accepted. Two or three oblique devices applied to the wire line, indicate a single-phase or three-phase network, respectively. On the complete draws the entire network and put together generally accepted conventions in electrical circuits.

Single-line electrical concept, single-phase network

Types and value of lines

1. Thin and thick solid lines - in drawings depicts lines of electrical, group communication, lines on hug elements.
2. Strike line - indicates shielding of wires or devices; denotes a mechanical connection (motor gearbox).
3. The thin barccotted line is intended for allocating groups from several components that make up the parts of the device or the control system.
4. Barchpunctive with two dots - the disconnecting line. Shows the scan of important elements. Indicates the object removed from the device associated with the mechanical or electrical connection system.

Network connecting lines are fully shown, but according to standards, they are allowed to turn them if they are a hindrance for a normal understanding of the scheme. The opening is denoted by the arrows, next to the main parameters and characteristics of the electrical circuits.

The bold point on the lines indicates a connection, spike of wires.

Electromechanical components

Schematic representation of electromechanical links and contacts

A - Hugo coil of an electromechanical element (magnetic starter, relay)

B - thermal relay

C - device coil with mechanical blocking

D - Contacts Shumby (1), Blinding (2), Switching (3)

E - Button

F - the designation of the switch (chipboard) on the electrical circuit of the hug of some measuring instruments. A complete list of these elements is given in Guest 2.729 68 and 2.730 73.

Electric chain elements, devices

Room in Figure	Description	Room in Figure	Description
1	Electricity meter meter	8	Electrolytic condenser
2	Ammeter	9	Diode
3	Voltmeter	10	Light-emitting diode
4	temperature sensor	11	Diode optopara
5	Resistor	12	Image of the transistor NPN.
6	Reostat (variable resistor)	13	Fuse
7	Capacitor

Hugo time relay, buttons, switches, limit switches are often used when developing an electric drive circuit.

Schematic image of a fuse. When reading the electrical circuit, you should carefully consider all lines and drawing parameters to not configure the destination of the item. For example, a fuse and resistor have minor differences. In the diagrams, the power line is depicted passing through the fuse, the resistor is drawn without internal elements.

Image of the circuit breaker on the full scheme

Contact switching device. Serves automatic electrical network protection from accidents, short circuit. Case mechanically or electric ways.

Circuit breaker on a single-line scheme

The transformer is a steel core with two windings. It happens one and three-phase, increasing and lowering. It is also divided into dry and oil, depending on the cooling method. Power varies from 0.1 MVA to 630 MVA (in Russia).

Hugo transformers

The designation of current transformers on complete (A) and one-centered (c) scheme

Graphic designation of electrical machines (EM)

Electrical motors depends on the type, are capable not only to consume energy. When developing industrial systems, motors are used, which, in the absence of a load, generate energy to the network, thereby reducing costs.

A - three-phase electric motors:

1 - asynchronous with a short-circuited rotor

2 - asynchronous with a short-circuited rotor, two-speed

3 - asynchronous with a phase rotor

4 - synchronous electric motors; Generators.

B - manifold DC electric motors:

1 - with the excitation of the winding from a permanent magnet

2 - Electric machine with coil of excitation

In bundles with electric motors, the diagrams show magnetic starters, soft starters, frequency converter. These devices serve to start electrical motors, uninterrupted system operation. The last two elements will save the network from the "drawdown" of the voltage in the network.

Hugo magnetic starter in the diagram

Switches perform the function of switching equipment. Disconnect and include certain sections of the network, as needed.

Graphic designations in electrical circuits of mechanical switches

Conditional graphic designations of sockets and switches in electrical circuits. Includes in the developed electricity drawings of houses, apartments, industries.

Call on the electrical circuit according to hug standards with designated size

Hugo dimensions in electrical circuits

In the diagrams, the parameters of the elements included in the drawing are applied. Full information about the element, container, if it is a condenser, rated voltage, resistance for the resistor. It is done for convenience, in order to not allow an error when installing, do not waste time calculate and select the components of the device.

Sometimes the nominal data does not indicate, in this case the parameters of the element do not matter, you can select and install the link with the minimum value.

The accepted sizes of hugo are spelled out in the Gostas of the ECC standard.

Sizes in ESKD

The dimensions of graphic and letter images in the drawing, the thickness of the lines should not be different, but it is permissible to change them proportionally in the drawing. If in the conventions on various electrical schemes of GOST, there are elements that do not have information about sizes, then these components are performed in size corresponding to the standard depiction of the horn of the entire circuit.

Hugo elements included in the main product (device) is allowed to draw a smaller size in comparison with other elements.

Along with the UGO to more accurately determine the name and purpose of the elements, the scheme causes an alpusal designation. This designation is used for references in text documents and to apply to the object. Using the letter notation, the name of the element is determined if this is not clear from the drawing, technical parameters, quantity.

Additionally, an alphabetic designation indicates one or more digits, they usually explain the parameters. An additional letter code indicating the nominal model, the additional data is written in the associated documents, or is submitted to the table in the drawing.

To learn how to read electrical circuits do not necessarily know all the letter notation, graphic images of various elements, it is enough to navigate in the corresponding Ghosts of ECCD. The standard includes 64 GOST documents that reveal the main provisions, rules, requirements and designations.

The main designations applied in the schemes according to the ESCD standard are shown in Table 1 and 2.

Table 1

First Code Letter (Mandatory)	Group of types of elements	Examples of species of elements
A.	Devices	Amplifiers, Teleproof Devices, Lasers, Masements
B.		Loudspeakers, microphones, thermoelectric sensitive elements, ionizing radiation detectors, pickups, eliminals
C.	Condencators
D.		Schemes integral analog digital, logical elements, memory devices, delay devices
E.	Elements are different	Lighting devices, heating appliances
F.		Discrete flow and voltage protection elements, fuses, dischargers
G.	Generators, Power Supply, Quartz Oscillators	Batteries, batteries, electrochemical and electrothermal sources
H.	Indication and signaling devices	Sound and light alarm devices, indicators
K.	Relay, contactors, starters	Relay current and voltage, relays Electrothermal, time relay, contactors, magnetic starters
L.		Throtes of luminescent lighting
M.	Engines	Permanent and AC engines
P.		Showing, registering and measuring instruments, counters, clocks
Q.		Disconnectors, Shortgarters, Automatic Switches (Power)
R.	Resistors	Variable resistors, potentiometers, varistors, thermistors
S.	Commuting devices in control circuits, alarms and measuring	Switches, switches, switches, triggered from various influences
T.		Current and voltage transformers, stabilizers
U.	Electric magnitude converters in electrical, communication devices	Modulators, demodulators, discriminators, inverters, frequency converters, rectifiers
V.		Electronic lamps, diodes, transistors, thyristors, stabilions
W.	Lines and elements of ultrahigh frequency, antenna	Waveguides, dipoles, antennas
X.	Contact connections	Pins, nests, collapsible connections, current collectors
Y.		Electromagnetic coupling, brakes, cartridges
Z.	Terminal devices, filters, limiters	Simulation lines, quartz filters

The main two-letter notation are shown in Table 2

First Code Letter (Mandatory)	Group of types of elements	Examples of species of elements	Two-letter code
A.	Device (general designation)
B.	Neelectric magnitude transducers to electrical (except generators and power sources) or vice versa Analog or multi-digit converters or sensors for instructions or measurement	Speaker	BA.
		Magnetostriction element	BB.
		Detector of ionizing elements	BD.
		SelSIN - receiver	BE.
		Phone (Capsul)	BF.
		SelSIN - Sensor	BC.
		Thermal sensor	Bk.
		Photocell	BL.
		Microphone	BM.
		Pressure meter	BP.
		Piezoelement	BQ.
		Rotation Frequency Sensor (TAH Hegenerator)	Br.
		Pickup	BS.
		Speed \u200b\u200bsensor	Bv
C.	Condencators
D.	Integrated, Microsoft Schemes	Scheme integral analogue	DA
		Scheme integral, digital, logical element	DD.
		Information storage device	Ds.
		Delay device	Dt.
E.	Elements are different	Heating element	EK
		Light lighting	El.
		Piopatron	Et.
F.	Dischargers, Fuses, Protective Devices	DISCREME ELEMENT OF PROTECTION Current Instant	FA.
		Discrete inertial action protection element	FP.
		Fuse fusible	Fu.
		Discrete voltage protection element, discharger	FV
G.	Generators, power supplies	Battery	GB.
H.	Indicator and signal elements	Sound alarm device	HA
		Symbol indicator	Hg.
		Light alarm device	Hl
K.	Relays, contactors, Starters	Relay current	KA.
		Relay index	Kh.
		Electroceplovoe relay	KK.
		Contactor, magnetic starter	KM.
		Time relay	Kt.
		Voltage relay	Kv.
L.	Inductance coils, chokes	Throttle of luminescent lighting	LL
M.	Engines	-	-
P.	Devices, measuring equipment	Ammeter	PA
		Pulse meter	PC.
		Frequency meter	PF
	Note. The combination of PE is not allowed to apply	Active energy meter	PI
		Counter of reactive energy	PK.
		Ommeter	Pr.
		Registering device	PS.
		Clock, time meter	Pt.
		Voltmeter	PV
		Wattmeter	Pw.
Q.	Switches and disconnectors in power circuits	Automatic switch	QF.
		Shortgarter	QK.
		Disconnector	QS.
R.	Resistors	Thermistor.	RK.
		Potentiometer	RP.
		Shunt measuring	RS.
		Varistor.	Ru
S.	Switching devices in control circuits, alarms and measuring. Note. The designation SF is used for non-power supply devices	Switch or switch	SA
		Switch button	SB.
		Automatic switch	Sf.
		Switches, triggered from various influences: - from level	SL.
		- from pressure	Sp.
		- From position (travel)	SQ.
		- from the speed of rotation	Sr.
		- From temperature	SK
T.	Transformers, autotransformers	Current transformer	TA.
		Electromagnetic stabilizer	TS.
		Voltage transformer	TV.
U.	Communication devices. Electric magnitude transducers in electric	Modulator	UB.
		Demodulator	Ur.
		Discriminator	UI
		Frequency converter, inverter, frequency generator, rectifier	Uz.
V.	Electrovacuum devices, semiconductor	Diode, Stabilirton	VD.
		Electrovale device	Vl
		Transistor	Vt.
		Thyristor	Vs.
W.	Lines and elements of microwave antenna	Answer	We.
		Shortgarter	WK.
		Valve	WS.
		Transformer, heterogeneity, phasemator	Wt.
		Attenuator	Wu.
		Antenna	WA.
X.	Contact connections	Current, contact sliding	Xa.
		Pin	Xp.
		Nest	Xs.
		Foreign connection	Xt.
		High frequency connector	Xw.
Y.	Mechanical devices with electromagnetic drive	Electromagnet	Ya.
		Electromagnetic drive brake	YB.
		Coupling with electromagnetic drive	YC.
		Electromagnetic cartridge or stove	Yh
Z.	Devices terminal filters. Limiters	Limiter	Zl
		Quartz filter	Zq.

Video on the topic

When carrying out electrotechnical works, each person, one way or another, faces the symbols that are in any electrical circuit. These schemes are very diverse, with different functions, however, all graphic conventions are shown to uniform forms and in all circuits correspond to the same items.

The main conditional designations in the electrical schemes of GOST are displayed in tables.

Currently, not only domestic elements are used in electrical engineering and electronics, but also products produced by foreign firms. Imported electrical elements make up a huge range. They are necessarily displayed on all drawings in the form of symbols. They define not only the values \u200b\u200bof the main electrical parameters, but also the full list of them included in this or that device, as well as the relationship between them.

To read and understand the content of the electrical circuit

It is necessary to study all the elements included in its composition and the principle of operation of the device as a whole. Usually, all information is either in reference books or in the specification attached to the scheme. The positional notation characterize the relationship of the elements included in the device kit, with their designations in the diagram. In order to designate a graphically one or another electrical element, apply a standard geometric symbolism, where each product is depicted separately, or together with others. The value of each individual image depends on the combination of characters among themselves.

Each diagram is displayed

Connections between individual elements and conductors. In such cases, the standard designation of the same components and elements has an important meaning. For this, there are positional notation, where the types of elements, the features of their design and digital values \u200b\u200bare displayed in alphabetic expression. Elements used in general manner are denoted in drawings as qualifying, characterizing current and voltage, control methods, types of compounds, pulse form, electronic communications and others.

Almost all WOS, all products of electronics and electrical engineering, manufactured by industrial organizations and enterprises, domestic masters, young technicians and radio amateurs, contain a certain amount of diverse purchased ery and elements produced in the main domestic industry. But recently there has been a tendency to use ERA and component products of foreign production. These include primarily PPP, capacitors, resistors, transformers, chokes, electrical connectors, batteries, hit, switches, installation products and some other types of ERA.

Applied purchased components or independent ERA are reflected on the fundamental and installation electrical circuits of devices, in drawings and other TD, which are performed in accordance with the requirements of ECC standards.

Special attention is paid to the fundamental electrical schemes that define not only the main electrical parameters, but also all the elements included in the devices and electrical connections between them. To understand and read the fundamental electrical schemes, it is necessary to carefully familiarize themselves with the elements and components included in them, to know exactly the scope and principle of the device under consideration. As a rule, information about the ERC applicable is indicated in reference books and specification - the list of these elements.

Communication of the list of ERA components with their conditional graphic notation is carried out through the positional notation.

To construct conditional graphic designations, standardized geometrical symbols are used, each of which is used separately or in combination with others. In this case, the meaning of each geometric image in the conditional designation in many cases depends on whether it is used in combination with which other geometric symbol.

Standardized and most frequently used conditional graphic designations ERE in the circuit diagrams are shown in Fig. 1. These designations relate to all component elements of schemes, including ERA, conductors and connections between them. And here the most important thing is that the condition of the correct designation of the same type of ERA and products is becoming. For this purpose, the positional notation is applied, the mandatory part of which is the letter designation of the type of element, the type of its design and the digital designation of the ERE number. The diagrams also use an additional part of the ERE position designation, indicating the function of the element, in the form of the letter. The main types of lettermarks of the schemes are shown in Table 1.

Designations in drawings and schemes of general elements of general use refer to the qualification, setting of the current and voltage, type of compound, control methods, pulse form, modulation type, electrical connections, flow direction, signal, energy flow, etc.

Currently, the population and the trading network is in operation a significant amount of various electronic devices and devices, radio and television equipment, which are manufactured by foreign firms and various joint-stock companies. In stores you can purchase various types of Erie and Ereg with foreign symbols. In tab. 1. 2 shows information about the most common ERA of foreign countries with appropriate designations and their analogues of domestic production.

This information is first published in such a volume.

1 - transistor structure of the R - N-P in the case, general designation;

2- transistor structure P-P-P in the case, general designation,

3 - Field transistor with a P-N-transition and P canal,

4 - Field transistor with a P-N-transition and R channel,

5 - transistor single-pass with the base P type, B1, B2 - base conclusions, E - Emitter output,

6 - photodiode,

7 - rectifier diode,

8 - Stabilirt (avalanche rectifier diode) one-sided,

9 - heat-electric diode,

10 - thyristor diode, washed in the opposite direction;

11 - Stabilirt (diode-domain rectifier) \u200b\u200bwith bilateral
conducting

12 - Thyristor Triode.

13 - photoresistor,

14 - variable resistor, retaint, general designation,

15 - variable resistor,

16 - variable resistor with outlaps,

17 - a construction resistor-potentiometer;

18 - thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient of direct heating (heating),

19 - Vistor,

20 - constant capacity capacitor, general designation,

21 - a constant capacity capacitor polarized;

22 - condenser oxide polarized electrolytic, general designation;

23 - resistor permanent, general designation;

24 - resistor constant with a rated power of 0, 05 W;

25 - resistor permanent with a rated power of 0, 125 W,

26 - resistor permanent with a rated power of 0, 25 W,

27 - Resistor Permanent with a rated capacity of 0, 5 W,

28 - resistor permanent with a nominal capacity of 1 W,

29 - resistor permanent with a rated power of scattering 2 W,

30 - resistor constant with a rated power of scattering 5 W;

31 - resistor permanent with one symmetric additional discharge;

32 - resistor permanent with one asymmetrical additional discharge;

Conditional graphic designations ERE in electrical, radio and automation schemes

33 - Condenser Oxide is unpolarized,

34 - a passage capacitor (arc refers to a housing, an external emergency),

35 - capacitor variable capacity (arrow indicates the rotor);

36 - Condenser Strip, General Designation

37 - Varicap.

38 - condenser interference;

39 - LED,

40 - tunnel diode;

41 - incandescent lamp lighting and signaling

42 - Electric Call

43 - galvanic or battery element;

44 - electrical communication line with one branch;

45 - a line of electrical connection with two branches;

46 - A group of wires connected to one point electrical connection. Two wires;

47 - four wires connected to one point by electrical connections;

48 - battery from galvanic elements or battery battery;

49 - coaxial cable. The screen is connected to the housing;

50 - transformer winding, autotransformer, choke, magnetic amplifier;

51 - Magnetic amplifier working winding;

52 - Magnetic amplifier control winding;

53 - a transformer without a core (magnetic pipeline) with a permanent connection (points marked startings);

54 - a transformer with a magnetodielectric core;

55 - inductor inductor, choke without magnetic pipeline;

56 - a single-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic magnetic core and a screen between windings;

57 - Transformer Single-phase three-winding with ferromagnetic magnetic core with a removal in the secondary winding;

58 - Single-phase autotransformer with voltage control;

59 - fuse;

60 - fuse switch;

b1 - fuse-disconnector;

62 - Connection connector connection;

63 - amplifier (direction of signal transmission indicates the top of the triangle on the horizontal line);

64 - pin of the detachable contact connection;

Conditional graphic designations ERE in electrical, radio and automation schemes

65 - the socket of the contact connection,

66 - Contact Collapsible Connection For example with clip

67 - Contact of an unbalanced compound, such as soldering

68 - switch push-button single-pole push with closing contact
Self-proposal

69 - contact switching device opening, general designation

70 - contact switching device (switch, relay) closing, general designation. Single-pole switch.

71 - Coupling switching device switching, general designation. One-pole switch into two directions.

72- contact switching three-position with neutral position

73 - Contact closing without self-radiation

74 - Switch Push button push with open contact

75 - Switch Push-button exhaust with closing contact

76 - Switch push button push with button return,

77 - Switch duncture exhaust with open contact

78 - switch switch push with a return by means of secondary button presses,

79 - Electric relays with closing disconnecting and switching contacts,

80 - relay polarized on one direction of current in the winding with a neutral position

81 - relay polarized on both currents of current in the winding with a neutral position

82 - Electro-relentable relay without self-radiation, with a return by means of secondary pressing the button,

83- detachable single-pole connection

84 - the socket of the five-wire contact detachable connection,

85 pin contact detachable coaxial connection

86 - Connection contact nest

87 - four-wire pins,

88 Four-Water Compound Nest

89 - Jumper Switching Splot Chain

Conditional designations of schemes

Standard conventional graphic and letter designations of electrical circuit elements

	E.	Source of EMS.
	R.	Resistor, active resistance
	L.	Inductance, coil
	C.	Capacity, condenser
	G.	AC generator supplying a diagram
	M.	AC electric motor
	T.	Transformer
	Q.	Power switch (on voltage over 1kV)
	QW.	Load switch
	QS.	Disconnector
	F.	Fuse
		Colored tires with joining
		Connection connection
	QA.	Automatic switch to 1 kV voltage
	KM	Contactor, magnetic starter
	S.	Switter
	TA	Current transformer
	TA	Zero sequence current transformer
	TV.	Three phase or three single-phase voltage transformer
	F.	Discharge
	TO	Relay
	Ka, kv, kt, kl	Relay winding
	Ka, kv, kt, kl	Contact closing relay
	Ka, kv, kt, kl	Contact disconnecting relay
	Kt.	Time relay contact closing with exposure to triggering
	Kt.	Time relay contact, closing with a refund
		Measuring device showing
		Measuring device registering
		Ammeter
		Voltmeter
		Wattmeter
		Varmetr.

Used site materials.

The electrical circuit is one of the types of technical drawings, which indicates various electrical elements in the form of symbols. Each element is assigned to its designation.

All conditional (conditional graphic) designations on electrical circuits consist of simple geometric shapes and lines. These are circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, simple lines, dotted lines, etc. The designation of each electrical element consists of a graphic part and alphanumeric.

Due to the enormous number of various electrical elements, it is possible to create very detailed electrical circuits, understandable to almost every person skilled in the electric area.

Each element on the electrical circuit should be performed in accordance with GOST. Those. In addition to the correct display of the graphic image on the electrical circuit, all the standard dimensions of each element, the thickness of the lines, etc. must be supplemented.

There are several main types of electrical schemes. This is a single-line scheme, fundamental, assembly (connections). Also, schemes are common - structural, functional. Each type has its own purpose. The same element in different schemes can be denoted equally, and in different ways.

The main purpose of the single-line scheme is a graphical display of an electrical power supply system (electricity supply of an object, electricity wiring in an apartment, etc.). Simply put, on a single-line scheme, the power part of the electrical installation is depicted. By title, it can be understood that the single-line scheme is performed as a single line. Those. Electrical power supply (and single-phase, and three-phase), supplied to each consumer, is indicated by a single line.

To specify the number of phases, special serifs are used on the graphic line. One seniority indicates that electrical power is single-phase, three serfs - that the power is three-phase.

In addition to the single line, the designations of protective and switching devices are used. The first devices include high-voltage switches (oil, air, email, vacuum), circuit breakers, protective shutdown devices, differential machines, fuses, load switches. The second includes disconnectors, contactors, magnetic starters.

High-voltage switches on single-line schemes are depicted in the form of small squares. As for circuit breakers, RCD, differential automata, contactors, starters and other protective and switching equipment, they are depicted in the form of contact and some explanatory graphic add-ons, depending on the device.

Mounting circuit (Connection, connection, location scheme) is used to directly produce electrical works. Those. These are working drawings using which, install and connect electrical equipment. Also on the installation schemes collect individual electrical devices (electrical cabinets, electric shields, control panels, etc.).

On the mounting schemes, all wired connections are depicted both between individual devices (circuit breakers, starters, etc.) and between different types of electrical equipment (electrical cabinets, shields, etc.). To properly connect wired connections on the mounting diagram, electrical terminals are depicted, the conclusions of the electrical apparatus, the brand and the cross section of electrical cables, the numbering and the letter designation of individual wires.

The electrical principal scheme is the most complete scheme with all electrical elements, connections, lettering designations, technical characteristics of devices and equipment. On the basis of the concept of other electrical circuits (assembly, single-core, equipment arrangement schemes, etc.). The concept of control circuit and the power part are displayed on the concept.

Control chains (operational chains) are buttons, fuses, reels of starters or contactors, intermediate and other relays contacts, contacts and contactors, phase control relays (voltage) as well as links between these and other elements.

The power part shows circuit breakers, power contacts and contactors, electric motors, etc.

In addition to the graphic image, each element of the circuit is supplied with alphanumeric designation. For example, the automatic switch in the power circuit is indicated by QF. If there are several automata, each is assigned to your number: QF1, QF2, QF3etc. The coil (winding) of the starter and contactor is indicated by km. If there are several of them, the numbering is similar to the numbering of automata: KM1, KM2, KM3etc.

In each concept, if there is any relay, then minimally one blocking contact of this relay is used. If the circuit contains an intermediate relay KL1, two contacts of which are used in operational circuits, then each contact receives its number. The number always starts with the number of the relay itself, and then goes the sequence number of the contact. In this case, it turns out KL1.1 and KL1.2. Similarly, the designations of block contacts of other relays, starters, contactors, automata, etc.

In the schemes of electrical principles, in addition to electrical elements, electronic notation is very often used. These are resistors, condensers, diodes, LEDs, transistors, thyristors and other elements. Each electronic element in the diagram also has its own letter and digital designation. For example, a resistor is R1, R2, R3 ...). Condenser - C (C1, C2, C3 ...) and so for each element.

In addition to the graphical and alphanumeric designation on some electrical elements, specifications are indicated. For example, for the circuit breaker, this is a rated current in amperes, the current trigger current is also in amperes. For the electric motor indicates power in kilowatts.

For the correct and correct compilation of electrical schemes of any kind, it is necessary to know the designations of the elements used, state standards, the regulations of the documentation.

State standards

Unified system of design documentation

Designation conditional
Graphic in electrical circuits

Commutation devices
And contact compounds

GOST 2.755-87
(CT SEV 5720-86)

IPK Publishing Standards

Moscow 1998.

State Standard of the SSR Union

Unified system of design documentation Designation conditional graphic In electrical circuits. Commutation devices And contact compounds Unified System for Design Documentation. Graphic Designations in Diagrams. Commutational Devices and Contact Connections

GOST 2.755-87 (CT SEV 5720-86)

Date of administration 01.01.88

This standard applies to the schemes performed by manually or by an automated method, products of all industries and construction and establishes conditional graphic notation of switching devices, contacts and their elements. This standard does not establish conditional graphic designations on railway alarm, centralization and locking schemes. Conditional graphic designations of mechanical connections, drives and fixtures - according to GOST 2.721. Conditional graphic designations of perceive parts of electromechanical devices - according to GOST 2.756. The dimensions of individual conditional graphic designations and the ratio of their elements are given in the application. 1. General rules for building contact designation. 1.1. Switching devices in diagrams must be depicted in a position taken for the initial, in which the triggering system of the contacts is de-energized. 1.2. Switching device contacts consist of movable and still contact details. 1.3. For the image of the basic (basic) functional features of switching devices, conditional graphic designations of contacts are used, which are allowed in the mirror image: 1) of closing 2) opening 3) switchable 4) switching with neutral central position 1.4. To explain the principle of operation of switching devices, if necessary, on their contact details, you depict the qualifying characters shown in Table. one.

Table 1

Name	Designation
1. Contactor function
2. Function switch
3. Function disconnector
4. Switch-disconnector function
5. Automatic triggering
6. The function of the track or limit switch
7. Self-proposal
8. Lack of self-radiation
9. Dughead
Note. The designations given in PP. 1 - 4, 7 - 9 of this table, are placed on fixed contact details, and the designations in PP. 5 and 6 - on movable contact details.

2. Examples of constructing the designations of contacts of switching devices are shown in Table. 2.

table 2

Name	Designation
1. Contact switching device:
1) Switchable circuit without opening (bridge)
2) with double closure
3) with double opening
2. Contact pulsed closure:
1) when triggered
2) when returning
3. Contact pulse opening:
1) when triggered
2) when returning
3) when triggered and return
4. Contact in the contact group, triggered earlier in relation to other group contacts:
1) closing
2) Blurring
5. Contact in the contact group, which is triggered later in relation to other group contacts:
1) closing
2) Blurring
6. Contact without self-return:
1) closing
2) Blurring
7. Contact with self-return:
1) closing
2) Blurring
8. Contact switching with neutral central position, with self-definition from the left position and without refund from the right position
9. Contact contactor:
1) closing
2) Blurring
3) closing dugging
4) Disposable exaggecious
5) closing with automatic triggering
10. Contact switch
11. Contact disconnector
12. Contact switch-disconnector
13. Contact limit switch:
1) closing
2) Blurring
14. Contact, temperature sensitive (thermokontact):
1) closing
2) Blurring
15. Contact closing with a slowdown acting:
1) when triggered
2) when returning
3) when triggered and return
16. Contact disconnecting with a slowdown acting:
1) when triggered
2) when returning
3) when triggered and return
Note to PP. 15 and 16. The slowdown occurs when driving towards the arc to its center.

3. Examples of constructing the designations of contacts of the two-position switching devices are shown in Table. 3.

Table 3.

Name	Designation
1. Contact closing switch:
1) Singo-pole
	ONNOLINEY	Multino
2) Three pole
2. CONTACT CHANGING TRUPOLER ROOM WITH AUTOMATIC MAXIT TICKING
3. Contact closing the pressure switch without self-radiation, with the opening and return of the control:
1) automatically
2) by means of secondary pressing the button
3) by pulling the button
4) By means of a separate drive (an example of pressing the reset button)
4. Three-pole disconnector
5. Switch-disconnector three-pole
6. Hand switch
7. Electromagnetic switch (relay)
8. Conveyor switch with two separate chains
9. Thermal Self-Regulating Switch Note. There should be a difference in the image of the contact and contact of the thermaline depicted as follows.
10. Inertial switches
11. Mercury three-ring switch

4. Examples of constructing the designations of multi-position switching devices are shown in Table. four.

Table 4.

Name	Designation
1. Single-pole multi-position switch (sample six-position)
Note. Positions of the switch in which there are no switched circuits, or positions interconnected, denoted by short strokes (an example of a six-position switch that does not switch the electrical circuit in the first position and commuting the same chain in the fourth and sixth positions)
2. single-pole switch, six-position with a tear switch
3. Single-pole switch, multi-position with movable contact, closing three adjacent chains in each position
4. Single-pole switch, multi-position with movable contact, closing three chains, excluding one intermediate
5. Single-pole switch, multi-position with movable contact, which in each subsequent position connects the parallel chain to the circuits closed in the previous position
6. Single-pole switch, six-position with a movable contact that does not open the circuit during its transition from the third to the fourth position
7. Two-pole switch, four-position
8. Switch two-pole six-position, in which the third contact of the upper pole is triggered earlier, and the fifth contact - later than the corresponding contacts of the lower pole
9. Switch multi-position independent circuits (example of six chains)
Notes to PP. nineteen:
1. If you need to specify the motion limit of the switch drive, use a position diagram, for example:
1) The drive provides the transition of the movable contact of the switch from position 1 to position 4 and back
2) The drive provides a moving contact from position 1 to position 4 and further to position 1; The inverse movement is possible only from position 3 to position 1
2. The position diagram is associated with the movable contact of the mechanical communication line switch
10. The switch with complex switching is depicted in the diagram in one of the following methods: 1) the general designation (an example of the designation of the eighteen hypotype rotary switch with six clips marked from A to F)
2) designation compiled according to the design
11. Two-pole switch, three-position with neutral position
12. Two-pole switch, three-position with self-radiation in neutral position

5. The designations of contact connections contacts are shown in Table. five.

Table 5.

Name	Designation
1. Contact contact connection:
1) detachable connection:
- Pyre.
- Nest.
2) folding compound
3) unintended connection
2. Contact sliding:
1) by linear conductive surface
2) for several linear conductive surfaces
3) on the ring conductive surface
4) on several ring conductive surfaces Note. When performing schemes using computers, it is allowed to use hatching instead of smoking

6. Examples of constructing the designations of contact compounds are shown in Table. 6.

Table 6.

Name	Designation
1. Connection connector connection
2. Connection contact detachable four-wire
3. pin four-wire contact detachable connection
4. Nest of the four-wire contact detachable connection
Note. In PP. 2 - 4 numbers inside rectangles indicate contact numbers
5. Connection Contact Connector Coaxial
6. Contact jumpers
Note. View of communication See Table. 5, p. 1.
7. Clip block Note. To specify the types of contact compounds, the following notation is allowed:
1) Pads with folding contacts
2) pads with folding and unintellular contacts
8. Jumper Switching:
1) on opening
2) with a bidight
3) with a broken nest
4) to switch
9. Connection with protective contact

7. The designations of the elements of the seekers are given in Table. 7.

Table 7.

Name	Designation
1. Seeker brush with opening chain when switching
2. Brush of the seeker without opening the chain when switching
3. Contact (output) Fields of the Seeker
4. Contacts group (outputs) Fields of the Seeker
5. Field of the Seeker Contact
6. Finder Finder Contact with source position Note. The designation of the initial position is used if necessary
7. Field of the Seeker Contact with the image of contacts (outputs)
8. Field of the seeker with the image of contact groups (outputs)

8. Examples of constructing symbols of seekers are given in Table. eight.

Table 8.

Name	Designation
1. Seeker with one movement without returning brushes attentive position
2. The seeker with one movement with the return of the brushes to its original position.
Note. When using a crawler in a four-wire tract, a seeker designation is applied with the return of the brushes to its original position.