Why sewer hatches are round: features, requirements and interesting facts. Why are the caps of sewer row round? Why the sewage hatch is round

Always hello, dear friend!

There is a type of question that is considered to be promoting issues. Sometimes it really is. But more often such questions are set at once with several goals.Why the hatches are round a question at the interview just from this series. Although it is still less common, for it has already lost the former originality and the effect of surprise.

Let's remember that they want to evaluate at the interview not so much "Who are you?", How many "what?".

1. How do you react to this question? - The first goal of your interlocutor.

He wants to understand the degree of your emotional maturity.

2. Will you look for an answer to this question? - The second goal.

Let's remember that the employer is interested in several, which he never sets directly. One of them: Will you solve problems that will inevitably arise during your work.

Or you will seek the reasons for which the problem cannot be solved, or you will translate problems on other people, including the head.

3. Answer content itself - Third goal.

Can you solve problems requiring intelligence and analytical thinking, logic?

If you, instead of the answer, say "I don't know" or "find it difficult to answer" - this means that faced with a difficult task, you will most likely save.

How to react?

Immediately agree that this question is "why the hatches are round" we define as, and not manipulative and not. Therefore, and respond constructively.

The worst thing you can do is to inflate the cheeks and smarrose something like that:

"Listen, what does this relate to the subject of our meeting?"

After that, consider that the test you did not pass, although in fact you are right. Cause - You did not take the rules of the game that you offer. I repeat - this question is constructive and is not an attack on your identity. Therefore, it is necessary to answer it constructively.

Let's remember the principles of answers to constructive questions at the interview:

1. If you ask questions well. If you do not ask anything, how do they understand that you are the best of applicants?
2. As a result of paragraph No. 1: Just grant the interlocutor the right to ask any questions. Any question is your opportunity to be better than other candidates.You will answer confidently and calmly, and there is no reason to fear and no nervous.
3. Most assist to get to know you better, and not then to hear the correct answer. You're already come to find out what a wonderful candidate you are.

How to answer?

1. Listen to the end.
2. Verbal reaction - and lips tips (closed teeth!), Light nod.
3. Small pause.
4. Answer.

The easiest and most logical answer to this question:

Round hatch, - can't fall into the well. No matter how hard you tried and did not turn it. At a square - diagonal longer than his sides, and when picked up, it can slip down into the well. Drown or even injury someone. Moreover - The diameter of the top hatch is usually larger than the lower part, and it cannot slip into any circumstances.

In addition, round hatches are more convenient to move - you can ride it.

A more couple of questions from the same series

About cake

The question itself: how to share a cake for eight pieces with the help of 3 cuts?

Answer: Initially, the cross the cross should be made to the cross, thereby divided the cake into 4 equal parts. Next, make one incision horizontally in half throughout the diameter. The pieces turned out below, but the task was solved - you have 8 equal pieces.

Second version: After two of your cuts, we have 4 pieces. We can put them on each other. Then split in half all four pieces in one incision.

About lightbulb

The room has three light bulbs. In the host in the room corridor - three switches.

Question: How many times do you need to open the door to determine which light bulb does what switcher?

Answer: Open the door just once. We carry 2 switch at the same time, then one turn off. We enter the room: we see that one lamp is burning. She is from the first switch. Apply the palm to each of the remaining two light bulbs. Which is warm from the second switch, respectively cold from the third.

In the event that if any intelligible response does not come to mind, start thinking out out loud. An attempt to find the right one is much better than a nervous response or answer "make it difficult to answer." Keep in mind that some of the similar questions do not have a unambiguous answer at all.

Your attempts to find an answer, the course of thoughts, solutions options are often more important than the answer itself.

Thank you for your interest in the article. I will be grateful for the comment (at the bottom of the page).

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Have a nice day and good mood!

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work Files" tab in PDF format

1. Introduction

When our house was built, they laid water and did a well, which was then covered with a special hatch cap. I noticed that in our city there are circular lids everywhere: and in our yard, and on the roads, and near the school.

And then I became interested, but why the caps of the sewer hatch round. Before me arose problem: There are many geometric shapes, and the sewer hatches are made for some reason round and possibly, there is still some kind of figure suitable for hatches.

TARGET: Determination of the properties of the circle, which are used in the caps of the sewering hatches.

TASKS:

1. To know with new properties of the circle and with the help of experiments, establish the simplest links and draw conclusions.

2. To search material about other geometric figures that could be used by a person in the manufacture of covers for hatches.

3. show the possibility of using circles (and if there is a similar figure in the properties) in life.

Hypothesis:in addition to the circle, there are shapes that can be used to make covers of sewering hatches.

Research methods

1. Conducting a survey "Why circular lines round?".

2. Search for materials on the Internet.

3. Observations.

4. Conducting experiments.

2. Home Part

I asked my question my parents, classmates and acquaintances and received different answers to him. Most think that it is so convenient - it is easier to crawl into a round hole, several answers were beautiful, and some answered that they did not know. Then I began to search for information on the Internet.

Experience 1. Round form items easier to move - they can simply roll. While the objects of rectangular and triangular shape interfere with the corners. And the caps of the sewer hatch are still heavy - they are made of cast iron. Then we can conclude that the round heavy cover can be moved to one person. And the hatch of another form will have to be in a few hands.

Experience 2. Sewer hatch cover Round forms will never fail in the well, which means it is best suited to perform a protective function. All this is because the diameter of the lid is always larger than the diameter of the well itself. And other figures may fail (for example, at an angle).

Experience 3.. We will carry out two parallel tangents straight and fix the distance between them. Let's start rotating the circle. It constantly concerns these lines and can be said, a closed curve (a circle that describes the circle) has a constant width. This is also a circle property. And it is taken into account in the manufacture of hatch covers - less likelihood to allow errors in production.

Experience 4. In the manufacture of circular lids, less material is used and their cost is reduced.

So it turns out that the reasons why the covers of the sewer row are round. But I am interested in another question: there is a figure, according to the properties similar to a circle. And here I was helped by the transmission that I was looking - "Galileo". I learned from it that there is a figure of properties similar to a circle. This is a triangle root. His study was engaged in the German scientist Franz Rylook in the 19th century. Let's check it out.

Experience 5. Triangle Ryloo - figure having a constant width. We spend two tangent straight lines, fix their width and begin to rotate the triangle root. And there is always one point located in one of the "corners" of the triangle Ryloch, and the other on the opposite arc of the circle will touch the lines. Experience 6. The object made in the form of a triangle ridge can roll. We install on 2 cylinders in the form of these triangles a plank and see that it is rolled.

Experience 7. Triangle Ryloo, if you install it on the hatch, also do not fail. I was made by such a layout and you suggest to make sure that.

3. Translation

After conducting work, I was able to conclude that the hypothesis put forward by me - except for the circle there are figures that can be used to make the caps of sewering hatches, was confirmed. But it's easier to produce round lids - less likely to make a mistake and, so they are made by them. And now I can answer the question that is often asked when taking a job in Microsoft. These are these answers: security, convenience when moving, below the cost, less errors in their manufacture.

And I learned very interesting Facts.

1. When the races of the barids through the urban streets are held, the covers are welded to the hatches. When driving racing chas due to their aerodynamic characteristics, there is so low air pressure between the road and the bottom of the machine, which is enough to raise the sewer hatch cover.

2. In the early 2000s in Moscow, a large art project "Seasoning of all countries, join!" - Where photographs of sewer hatches from around the world were presented.

4. List of literature and resources

1.Http: //www.etudes.ru/ru/etudes/mazda.

2.Http: //otvetprost.com/387-pochemu-lyuki-kruglye.html

3.Http: //expirience.ru/pochemu-lyuki-kruglye/

4. Recording the transfer of "Galileo" from May 2012.

Eternal question: "Why is the hatch of a round form?"

Almost all hatches in the city are covered with special round-shaped lids. If you carefully examine such objects, it turns out that they are the same all over the world. It involuntarily pursues to the question: "Why are the covers on the sewer's hatches round? Why do the technical objects themselves have exactly that form, and, for example, not square? ". It turns out that the answers lie on the surface.

Some details about sewer hatches

The described items are made of cast iron or concrete. They are specifically made heavy and inappropriate so that no one has the desire to grab a "useful" thing with them. It is not so easy to open the technical hole, and it is specifically provided when designing passersby.

Sewer hatches have a conditional classification. They are separated by manufacturing material and by type of communications passing under trigger mines. Therefore, experts allocate:

1. Systems of drainage.
2. Storm sewage.
3. Power network.

Produce hatches made of high-strength cast iron and plastic, a special polymer-sand mixture, composite materials and reinforced concrete. But the form of them all invariably round. Why, let's understand.

Logical explanation

So why is the sewage hatch round? The described technical object consists of several parts - round mines, viewing room and lid.

Viewing premises may have a different form. It all depends on which communications are laid in the well. Dimensions are chosen taking into account the convenience of their maintenance. But the mines are invariably made round. The diameter of the oval 0.7 meters. They are collected from bricks and equipped with an additional staircase that helps the serving employee will be easily descended down.

From above, such a hatch is necessarily covered with a lid. It prevents into sewage systems of various kinds of third-party objects into sewage systems capable of provoking the occurrence of accidents. Almost everywhere, the lid has round forms. Why not square? Because in any position, such a lid will never fail in and will not hit the person there.

The square cover under the action of vehicles can easily fall inside, alkalizing there an angle. After all, the diagonal of the square is always more than any of its sides. In the circle, the radius is the same as it is neither twice.

Usually manufacturers make covers whose weight exceeds 50 kg. This is done so that no intense flow of cars can not move them off.

Other explanations of the shape of the hatches

It is very rare to meet this form

There are some more explanations that help understand why the lids of the hatches are round:

• First, in the circle, the ratio of the cross-sectional area has large indicators than a square or rectangle. This allows during the production of covers to reduce the cost of material and save on the production of products.
• Secondly, the round form reduces internal forces that invariably occur when installing any cover on the object. And this also provides savings on the production of the product, since in this case it is possible to produce lid thickness.
• Thirdly, a round form contributes to a reduction in the production of defective products. With a decrease in the number of reference lengths, the likelihood of errors leading to the appearance of uneven protrusions and other characteristic defects is reduced.

And further. The round lid is much easier to transport one person. He can just spend it to the place. And the square or rectangular will have to carry in several hands.

The arguments show that the choice of form is explained by elementary practicality.

Employed facts

In the world, there are cases of applying covers of another form. For example, in the American city of Nashua, you can still see the sewer wells covered with triangular lids. Their sharp angles point to the direction of wastewater stream, and this until recently helped well-focus on repair brigades. But today their use is recognized as unsafe, so the prefecture dismantles them and replaces triangles with circles.

There are other forms

Now you know why sewer hatches are made round. But why they are performed by such massive and heavy - also an interesting question. Although the explanation lies on the surface. The weight provides relative safety from thefts and the delivery of the products described in the metals reception items. 10 years ago a wave of characteristic crimes rolled throughout the country. The covers began to disappear massively, then the designers came up with an interesting solution.

Most modern sewer wells are not simply covered with a massive subject, which one person is not able to. The covers were put on durable loops, and they turned into real doors, which additionally closes on the castle.

It is impossible to leave the well open, especially those in which storm sewage and plumbing are located. Their depth sometimes reaches 6 meters, and at the bottom of the technical room there are many protruding pipes and pieces of fittings. If a person in the dark falls there, it will end with a fatal outcome. Therefore, those who are responsible for sewering hatches - and this is the administration of the district - is the best responsibility for the safe use of this technical structure.

Who else can be responsible for hatches?

But the Russian people are still used to seeing such a hatch

There are wells that are not in municipal property, but relate to the property of an apartment building or to the property of a certain legal entity.

All inhabitant objects first take into account the body that registers the right to property. This happens on the application of the local government. Then through the court everyone can challenge his own right. If you do not have any people during the year, all unlike facilities are transmitted to the departments of specialized companies.

Generalization on the topic

The round shape of sewer hatches is more practical than all other varieties. The long-term operation of sewage facilities is proved that round holes are more technological and have a longer service life. And all because such a hatch is more resistant to temperature drops.

The familiar detail of the city landscape is the caps of sewer hatches, almost everywhere, in all states of the world having a round shape.

Why it is a round - on this question we will try to answer in detail.

Safety

The hatch cover of the sewer well is a massive product from cast iron. It weighs more than 50 kilograms, and the weight of the hatches located on the roadway of the road exceeds 78 kilograms.

This is not surprising, because the hatch lid, located on the street sidewalk, should withstand a load of 12 tons, and the lid lying on the road - as many as 25 tons. Such weight is due to the thickness of the lid, calculated taking into account the given load and the strength of the cast iron.

And now imagine the following situation: the hatch cover is open and lies next to the hatch, and below people work in the well. If someone accidentally moves the round lid, then in the worst case just closes the hatch. The rectangular or square cover in this case may fall into the hole directly on the heads of the workers, because the diagonal of the square or rectangle is always more than any side of it. Therefore, the round shape of the lid is the most secure in this case.

Strength

It has long known engineers that round items have much greater strength than square. The sewer hatch is not only round, but also slightly convex to the middle: This form provides the greatest mechanical load resistance directed from above.

Internal stresses in the hatch of such a form are evenly distributed over the metal, while in square, rectangular and any other covers under the action of stress load are unevenly distributed, which entails faster wear, and therefore more frequent replacement of covers.

In addition, we should not forget that the cast iron is a rather fragile material, and if you drop the rectangular lid, a corner may well be broken from it. To split the round lid of the hatch, you have to make much more effort.


Judging by the fact that almost all covers are safe and preserved for decades (and some for more than a hundred years), in normal conditions it is almost impossible to damage the round lid.

Metal savings

Why the round shape of the hatches is more optimal from the point of view of metal savings? With the same length of the perimeter of round and rectangular hatches - the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle is always greater than the area of \u200b\u200bthe rectangle or any other geometric shape.

If you translate it into economic indicators, it turns out that the circle is the most advantageous form of the hatch, since it takes a lot less cast on the cover (saving to forty percent) than on a rectangular lid.

The optimal ratio of the length of the perimeter to the square makes the round hatches not only for sewer wells, but also in much more serious structures - for example, between submarine compartments or spacecraft. Round hatches are more economical and withstand heavy loads than hatches of any other shape.

Ease of work

Round hatch lid is much more convenient when carrying out repair or preventive work. If the rectangular cover must be raised to transfer to a certain distance, which you will need no less than two adult men, then a round lid can be calmly ride, putting on the edge, and with this task you can handle alone.

Yes, and in order to adapt a heavy cover to the place, you do not need to rotate it, configuring the holes. The round cover will fall into place anyway, whatever side you are neither fitting it.


So, the reasons why you need to make a circular lid round - more than enough.

And unwittingly wondered - why is he round? And often hatches are never made square. What is this standard? Or plumbing plumbing and electricians? With this question, I turned to a professional master, it turns out that this question is almost the very first newcomer in this area. It turns out everything is prose ...

To begin with, the guys suggest decomposing everything around the shelves, and to tell what these covers are actually closed by various wells. Do not worry, the answer will be lower, I will definitely read to the end.

Types of hatch

It is mistaken to think that the hatches that closes the united wells in the Earth. Under the ground there is a fairly large infrastructure, so different types are distinguished:

• Hutworks for drainage systems
• For storm systems
• For electrical networks
• For communication

Initially, the hatches were made from very durable materials, it was usually steel or black cast iron. Thus, to remove and carry it, it was very difficult, he also could not turn it over and cars that were run by him. However, with the era of "Perestroika", the metal options began to steal and donate on the metal (and they were simply broken),

therefore, not rare wells were open (Eh, there was a terrible time), so in those days began to close the wells with concrete round (as I call) "unfinished." Such it was even more difficult, and there was no need for, because the concrete you can not pass!

Now, of course, new polymer or sandy-polymeric options appear, they are also durable - withstand the load up to 3 tons, also resistant high and low temperatures, do not rot - do not rust, and almost do not steal them, because again you will not pass!

However, all these types do invariably round! But why - all trite simply.

Causes and consequences

Any mine consists of several parts:

• This upper part itself is the lid itself (the main purpose will protect the internal components from dirt, sediment and other garbage).
• The average mine is usually made round size with a diameter of 70 cm, recess to 3 meters.
• The latter is the lower part, there may be different sizes and forms, for example, in some link wells, they have a square shape.

But the main question is why the cap is round? Guys is a security requirement.

The point is that the round hatch cannot fall into the mold of the well, as it does not twist. Try at leisure, no matter how cool - but a circle everywhere. But if the covers were square, or triangular, etc., then at a certain angle they could fall down, and if this well sewer how to get it back? Complicated!

Yes, both children, and a large technique will not be able to knock on or sell such a hatch down, everything is done with the mind. It is worth noting the weight of metal options, is 50 kg, so that no transport flow can be tilted. That's actually answer.

It is worth noting the side "ears" of special branches from the circle, they are made in order for the cover "did not go," and sit tightly in place.

Interesting facts about the "pads of the wells"

It should be noted that they were not always done round - there were and square options and triangular and polygonal.

But they were all dangerous and often simply failed, leaving an open mine.

However, the triangular covers were valued until the latter, all because the corners of the design showed the direction of pipes or communications. Therefore, when the repairmen descended, they were already aware.

Also earlier, the hatches on the loops were not rare, some kind of door "down". Also, the loops were a little protected from theft. However, at high transport streams, they often broke them and the covers failed, so over time they also replaced the round.

Here is such an article turned out, now look a cool video.

At this I will finish, read our construction site, there will be a lot of interesting things.