Sand for construction work. Sand for construction work Definition of mineral and petrographic composition

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. Sampling

3. Definition of grain composition and size module

5. Determination of the content of dust and clay particles

7. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition

8. Definition of true density

9. Determination of bulk density and voidness

10. Determination of humidity

11. Determination of reactivity

12. Determination of the content of sulfate and sulfide compounds

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1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. Sampling

3. Definition of grain composition and size module

5. Determination of the content of dust and clay particles

7. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition

8. Definition of true density

9. Determination of bulk density and voidness

10. Determination of humidity

11. Determination of reactivity

12. Determination of the content of sulfate and sulfide compounds

ATTACHMENT

Scope of testing

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. Sampling

3. Definition of grain composition and size module

4. Determination of clay content in lumps

5. Determination of the content of dust and clay particles

6. Determination of the presence of organic impurities

7. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition

8. Definition of true density

9. Determination of bulk density and voidness

10. Determination of humidity

11. Determination of reactivity

12. Determination of the content of sulfate and sulfide compounds

13. Determination of frost resistance of sand from splitting

ATTACHMENT

Information details

5.1. Method of misunderstood

5.2. Pipette method

5.3. Method of wet sifting

8.1. Picnometric method

8.2. Accelerated definition of true density

9.1. Definition of bulk density

9.2. Determination of void

12.2. Definition of total sulfur

12.2.1. Weight method

12.2.2. Method of iodometric titration

12.3. Determination of sulphate sulfur

12.4. Determination of sulfide sulfur content

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5.1 Poverty Method

5.2. Pipette method

5.3. Method of wet sifting

8.1. Picnometric method

8.2. Accelerated definition of true density

9.1. Definition of bulk density

9.2. Determination of void

12.2. Definition of total sulfur

12.2.1. Weight method

12.2.2. Method of iodometric titration

p. 1.

p. 2.

p. 3.

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p. 5.

p. 6.

p. 7.

page 8.

page 9.

p. 10.

p. 11.

p. 12.

p. 13.

p. 14.

p. 15.

p. 16.

page 17.

p. 18.

p. 19.

p. 20.

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p. 24.

p. 25.

page 26.

Interstate standard

Sand for construction work

Test methods

Moscow

Standinform

Interstate standard

Sand for construction work

Test methods

Sand for Construction Work.
Testing Methods.

GOST
8735-88

Date of introduction 01.07.89

This standard applies to sand used as a placeholder for concrete monolithic, prefab concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as material for the corresponding types of construction work, and establishes test methods.

1.1. The scope of sand test methods provided for by this Standard is indicated in the application.

1.2. Samples are weighed with an error of 0.1% of the mass, if other instructions are not given in the standard.

1.3. Samples or sand samples are dried to a constant mass in the drying cabinet at a temperature of (105 ± 5) ° C until the difference between the results of two weighing will be no more than 0.1% of the mass. Each subsequent weighing is made after drying at least 1 h and cooling at least 45 minutes.

1.4. The test results are calculated with an accuracy of the second decimal sign, unless other indications of the accuracy of the calculation are not given.

1.5. For the result of the test, the average arithmetic value of the parallel definitions provided for the corresponding method are taken.

1.6. The standard set of site for sand includes sieve with round holes with diameters 10; 5 and 2.5 mm and wire-sieves with standard square cells No. 1.25; 063; 0315; 016; 005 according to GOST 6613 (sieve frames round or square with a diameter or side of at least 100 mm).

Note. The use of SIT with grids No. 014 is allowed to equip enterprises with Sita with grids No. 016.

1.7. The room temperature in which tests must be (25 ± 10) ° C. Before testing, sand and water must have a temperature corresponding to the air temperature in the room.

1.8. Water for testing is used according to GOST 2874 * or GOST 23732, if the standard does not provide guidelines for the use of distilled water.

* GOST R 51232-98 is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation.

1.9. When using hazardous (caustic, toxic) substances as the reagents, the safety requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documents on these reagents should be guided.

1.10. For testing, imported equipment similar to the present standard is allowed.

Non-standard measuring instruments must pass metrological certification in accordance with GOST 8.326 **.

(Modified edition, change No. 2).

** In the territory of the Russian Federation there are 50.2.009-94.

2.1. When acceptable control at the enterprise, the manufacturer selects point samples, of which by mixing, one combined sample from replaceable products of each technological line is obtained.

2.2. Selection of point samples with technological lines transporting products to the warehouse or directly into vehicles are carried out by crossing the material flow on the belt conveyor or in the location of the flow of material using samplers or manually.

To check the quality of sand, shipped directly into the career, point samples are taken in the process of loading in vehicles.

2.3. Point tests for obtaining a combined sample begin to select 1 hour after the start of shifts and are then taken after every hour during the shift.

The speaker selection interval during manual selection can be increased if the manufacturer's enterprise produces stable quality products. To establish the permissible interval of sampling, the coefficient of variation of the values \u200b\u200bof the content of grains, passing through a sieve with grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles. To determine the coefficient of variation of these indicators during the shift every 15 min, point samples are taken in a mass of at least 2000. For each point sample, the content of grains passing through a sieve with grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles determine. Then calculate the coefficients of variation of these indicators in accordance with GOST 8269.0.

Depending on the obtained maximum value of the variation coefficient for two defined indicators, the following intervals of the selection of point samples are taken during the shift:

3 hours - with the ratio of variation of the indicator to 10%;

2 h "" »» »15%.

2.4. The mass of the point test at the interval of sample sampling in 1 h should be at least 1500. With an increase in the sampling interval in accordance with paragraph 2.3, the mass of the point sample should be increased at the interval of 2 hours - twice, at an interval of 3 hours - four times.

If, in the selection of samples, the sampler mass of the point sample will be less than that specified by more than 100 g, then it is necessary to increase the number of samples taken to ensure the mass of the combined sample of at least 10,000 g.

2.5. The combined sample is stirred and before being sent to the laboratory, reduced by the return method or using a groove divider to obtain a laboratory sample.

For quartification of the sample (after stirring), the material cone is spread and divided mutually perpendicular lines passing through the center, four parts. Two any opposite quarters take in the sample. Consistent quartzing reduce the sample in two, four times, etc. Prior to obtaining a sample of mass corresponding to p. 2.6.

2.6. The mass of the laboratory test at acceptance control at the manufacturer should be at least 5000 g, it is used for all tests provided for at acceptance control.

When performing periodic tests, as well as input control and in determining the properties of sand in geological exploration, the mass of the laboratory sample should ensure that all the tests provided for by the standard. It is allowed to carry out several tests using one sample, if in the process of testing the definable sand properties do not change, while the mass of the laboratory sample must be at least twice the total mass required for testing.

2.7. For each test from the laboratory sample, the analytical sample is taken. From the analytical sample, the samples are taken in accordance with the test method.

2.8. For each laboratory test, intended for periodic tests in the central laboratory of the union or in a specialized laboratory, as well as for arbitration tests, constitute an act of sampling, including the name and designation of the material, the place and date of sampling, the name of the manufacturer, the designation of the sample and the signature of the responsible For the selection of the face sample.

Selected samples are packaged in such a way that the mass and properties of materials do not change before testing.

Each sample is supplied with two labels with sample designation. One label is placed inside the package, the other - in the prominent place of the packaging.

During transportation, the preservation of packaging from mechanical damage and wetting should be preserved.

2.9. To test the quality of sand produced and laid by the hydromechanization method, the naming card is divided in terms of length (along the scale of the scale) into three parts.

From each part, point samples are taken from at least five different places (in terms of). To select a point sample, a hole is digging a depth of 0.2 - 0.4 m. From the hole, the sand sample is selected by the scoop, moving it upwards along the hole of the well.

From point samples by mixing, a combined sample is obtained, which is reduced to obtain a laboratory sample according to claim 2.5.

The sand quality is estimated separately for each part of the Namation map according to the tests of the test taken from it.

2.10. With an arbitration check for the quality of sand in warehouses, point samples are selected using a scoop in places located evenly over the entire surface of the warehouse, from the bottom of the dug holes in a depth of 0.2 - 0.4 m. The wells should be placed in a checker order. The distance between the wells should not exceed 10 m. The laboratory sample is prepared according to claim 2.5.

2.11. When input control at the consumer enterprise, the combined sand sample is selected from the material being checked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8736. The laboratory sample is prepared according to claim 2.5.

2.12. In geological intelligence, the sample is selected in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.1. Essence of the method

The grain composition is determined by residently sand on the standard set of SIT.

3.2. Equipment

Drying cabinet.

Needle steel.

4.3. Preparation for the test

The analytic sand sample is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, take from it not less than 100 g of sand, dried to a constant mass and dispel on sines with a hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and with a grid No. 1.25. From the resulting sand fractions take sacrifice weight:

5.0 g - the fraction of St. 2.5 to 5 mm;

1.0 g "from 1.25" 2.5 mm

Each sand jacket is poured with a thin layer on glass or metal sheet and moisturized with a pipette. From the mounted steel needle, clay lumps are isolated, differing in viscosity of sand grains, applying a magnifying point in the necessary cases. The sand grain of sand remained after the release of lumps is dried to constant mass and weighed.

4.4. Processing results

where t., t. 2 - the weight of the sand sand fraction, respectively, from 2.5 to 5 mm and from 1.25 to 2.5 mm before the selection of clay, r;

t. 1 , t. 3 - mass grains of sand fraction, respectively, from 2.5 to 5 mm and from 1.25 to 2.5 mm after the selection of clay, G.

where but 2,5 , but 1.25 - Private residues in a percentage by weight on sint with holes of 2.5 and 1.25 mm, calculated according to claim 3.5.

5.1.1. Essence of the method

Drying cabinet.

Cylindrical bucket with a height of at least 300 mm with a siphon or a vessel for pecking (damn 2).

Stopwatch.

5.1.3. Preparation for the test

An analytical sample of sand is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, the sand, which passed through the sieve, dried to a constant mass and take a weight of 1000 from it.

5.1.4. Testing

The sanding of the sand is placed in a cylindrical bucket and poured with water so that the height of the water layer above the sand was about 200 mm. Water flooded sand is kept for 2 hours, stirring it several times, and carefully washed from the clay particles that attached to the grains.

Vessel for pushing

After that, the contents of the bucket are vigorously stirred again and leave alone for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes, the suspension obtained during washing is poured, leaving a layer of its height of at least 30 mm. Then sand is poured with water to the above level. The washing of sand in the specified sequence is repeated until the water is transparent after flushing.

When using a vessel for pushing the test is carried out in the same sequence. In this case, water in the vessel is poured to the upper drain hole, and the suspension is drained through two lower holes.

After the misunderstanding, the washed jacket is dried to a constant mass t. 1 .

5.1.5. Processing results

where t. - the mass of the dried sample to the pushing, r;

m. 1 - Mass of the dried sample after inconsistening,

Notes:

1. When testing natural sands, the grains of which are tightly selected clay, the sample is maintained in water at least 1 day.

2. The test of sand is allowed in a state of natural humidity. In this case, in a parallel sandpaper, the humidity of the sand and the content of dust and clay particles determine ( P OTM) calculate as a percentage of the formula

where t. in - weight of the sample in the state of natural humidity, r;

t. 1 - weight of the sample dried after pushing to constant mass, r;

W. - humidity of the test sand,%.

5.2.1. Essence of the method

Cylindrical bucket with two labels (belts) on the inner wall corresponding to the capacity of 5 and 10 dm 3.

Cylindrical bucket without labels.

Drying cabinet.

Metal cylinders with a capacity of 1000 cm 3 with a viewing window (2 pcs.).

Pipette Metal dimensional capacity 50 cm 3 (damn 3).

Metal cylinder and measuring pipette

1 - cylinder; 2 - pipette; 3 - label (1000 cm 3); 4 - Suspension level in the cylinder

Funnel with a diameter of 150 mm.

Stopwatch.

A cup or a cook for evaporation according to GOST 9147.

5.2.3. Testing

Sand swaying Weighing about 1000 g in a state of natural humidity weighed, placed in a bucket (without a label) and 4.5 DM 3 of water is poured. In addition, about 500 cm 3 of water for subsequent rinsing bucket are prepared.

Water flooded sand is kept for 2 hours, stirring it several times, and carefully washed from the clay particles that attached to the grains. Then the contents of the bucket poured carefully for two sieve: the top - with grid No. 063 and the lower with grid No. 016, set on the bucket with tags.

Suspensions are allowed to settle and carefully drain the clarified water in the first bucket. Sand on the sines over the second bucket (with labels) is rinsed with a fusion water. After that, the first bucket is rinsed with water left and this water is drained into the second bucket. This uses such a quantity of water left so that the level of suspension in the latter reached exactly 5 dm 3 labels; In the event that the remaining water is not enough for this, the volume of the suspension is adjusted to 5 dm 3 by adding an additional amount of water.

After that, the suspension is thoroughly stirred in the bucket and immediately fill with it with a funnel alternately two metal cylinders with a capacity of 1000 cm 3, continuing to mix the suspension. The suspension level in each cylinder must match the label on the viewing window.

The suspension in each cylinder is stirred with a glass or metal wand or roll over the cylinder several times, closing it with a lid, for better mixing.

After the end of the mixing, leave the cylinder alone by 1.5 minutes. For 5 - 10 seconds before the end of the exposure, the measuring pipette with a closed tube is lowered into the cylinder so that the support cover rests on the top of the cylinder wall, while the bottom of the pipette will be at the level of the suspension selection - 190 mm from the surface. After the specified time (5 - 10 s), open the pipette tube and after its fill it is covered with a handset with a finger, remove the pipette from the cylinder and, opening the tube, pose the contents of the pipette in a pre-weighed cup or a glass. Pipettes are controlled by changing the suspension level in the viewing window.

Instead of metal cylinders with a viewing window and a special pipette, it is allowed to use conventional glass measuring cylinders with a capacity of 1 dm 3 and a glass pipette with a capacity of 50 cm 3, lowering it into a cylinder to a depth of 190 mm.

Suspension in a cup (glass) is evaporated in a drying cabinet at a temperature (105 ± 5) ° C. A cup (a glass) with impaired powder is weighed on weights with an error to 0.01 g. Similarly, the sample of suspension from the second cylinder is selected.

5.2.4. Processing results

where t. - Weighing sand sand, g;

t. 1 - mass of a cup or cup for evaporation of suspension, r;

m. 2 - Mass of a cup or glass with impaired powder,

In the case of sand testing, water-contaminated with dust and clay particles, the volume of water for flushing takes equal to 10 dm 3 instead of 5 dm 3. Accordingly, up to 10 DM 3 volume of suspension in a bucket with labels. In this case, the test result ( P OTM) in percent calculate the formula

Note. A mass of precipitate is allowed ( t. 2 - t. 1) to determine the suspension density by the formula

where m. 3 - Picnometer mass with suspension, g;

t. 4 - the mass of the pycnometer with water, r;

ρ is a precipitate density, g / cm 3 (taken equal to 2.65 g / cm 3).

Result of determining the mass of precipitate t. 2 - t. 1 brought in formula (11).

5.3.1. Essence of the method

Photocolorimeter FEK-56M or SF-4 spectrophotometer, or other similar devices.

Cylinders Glass capacity 250 cm 3 of transparent colorless glass (inner diameter 36 - 40 mm) according to GOST 1770.

Bath water.

Sodium hydroxide (sodium hydroxide) according to GOST 4328, 3% solution.

Tanin, 2% solution in 1% ethanol.

6.3. Preparation for the test

From the analytical sample of the sand in a state of natural humidity take a hitch of about 250 g

The reference solution is prepared, dissolving 2.5 cm 3 2% tannin solution of 97.5 cm 3 3% sodium hydroxide solution. The prepared solution is stirred and left for 24 hours.

The optical density of the tannine solution, determined on the photocolorimeter or spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 450 - 500 nm, should be 0.60 - 0.68.

6.4. Testing

The sand is filled with a measuring cylinder to a level 130 cm 3 and poured it with a 3% solution of sodium hydroxide to a level 200 cm 3. The contents of the cylinder are stirred and left for 24 hours, repeating stirring after 4 hours after the first mixing. Then compare the color of the liquid, stood on the breakdown, with the color of the reference solution or glass, the color of which is identical to the color of the reference solution.

Sand is suitable for use in concrete or solutions if the fluid over the sample is colorless or painted much weaker than the reference solution.

When the liquid color is slightly lighter than the reference solution, the contents of the vessel are heated for 2 to 3 hours in a water bath at a temperature of 60 to 70 ° C and compare the color of the fluid above the breakdown with the color of the reference solution.

When the liquid color is the same or darker than the color of the reference solution, it is necessary to test the aggregate in concrete or solutions in specialized laboratories.

7.1. Essence of the method

7.2. Equipment and reagents

Set of sieves with grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315 and 016 according to GOST 6613 and with round holes with diameters 5 and 2.5 mm.

Drying cabinet.

Binocular microscope with an increase from 10 to 50 ×, a polarization microscope with an increase of up to 1350 ×.

Set of reagents.

Needle steel.

7.3. Preparation for the test

The analytical sample of sand is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, from the sifted part of the sample take at least 500 g of sand.

The sand is washed, dried to a constant mass, dissipated on a set of sieves with a hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315; 016 and take the weights weighing at least:

25.0 g - for sand with grains size of St. 2.5 to 5.0 mm;

5.0 g »» »» »» 1.25 »2.5 mm;

1.0 g »» »» »0.63» 1.25 mm;

0.1 g »» »» »0.315» 0.63 mm;

0.01 g »» »» »From 0.16" 0.315 mm.

7.4. Testing

Each jamming is poured with a thin layer on glass or paper and browsed with a binocular microscope or magnifying glass.

Sand grains represented by fragments of appropriate breeds and minerals are separated using a thin needle to groups by types of rocks and types of minerals.

In the necessary cases, the definition of rocks and minerals is clarified using chemical reagents (hydrochloric acid solution, etc.), as well as by analyzing in immersion fluids using a polarization microscope.

In the grains of sand represented by chips of minerals, determine the content of quartz, field spat, dark color minerals, calcite, etc.

Sand grains represented by fragments of rocks are separated by genetic types in accordance with Table. 2.

table 2

In addition, the grain and minerals attributable to harmful impurities are isolated in the sand.

The specified rocks and minerals include: containing amorphous species of silicon dioxide (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.); sulfur; Sulphides (pyrite, marcasit, pyrrhotite, etc.); sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.); layered silicates (mica, hydroslides, chlorite, etc.); Oxides and hydroxides of iron (magnetite, gheette, etc.); apatite; Nethelin; phosphorite; halogen compounds (Galit, Silvin et al.); zeolites; asbestos; graphite; coal; combustible shale.

In the presence of minerals containing sulfur, the amount of sulfate and sulphide compounds in terms of SO 3 is determined by paragraph 12.

Quantitative determination of the content of potentially reactive varieties of silica is carried out according to claim 11.

The same sand sakes are used to determine the shape and character of the surface of the grains of sand in accordance with the table. 3.

Table 3.

7.5. Processing results

For each type of selected rocks and minerals, the number of grains calculate and determine their content ( X.) as a percentage in the mood by the formula

where p - the number of grains of this breed or mineral;

N. - The total number of grains in the test hitch.

8.1.1. Essence of the method

True density is determined by measuring the mass of a unit of dried sand grains.

8.1.2. Equipment

Picnometer with a capacity of 100 cm 3 according to GOST 22524.

Drying cabinet.

Bath sand or water sauna.

GOST 450.

8.1.3. Preparation for the test

From the analytical sample of the sand take a sample of about 30 g, it is sieved through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, dried to a constant mass and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator over a concentrated sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Dried sand is stirred and divided into two parts.

8.1.4. Testing

Each part of the mood is sprinkled in a clean dried and pre-weighed pycne meter, after which weigh it with sand. The distilled water is then poured into a picnometer in such a quantity so that the pycnometer is filled in about 2/3 of its volume, mix the contents and put it in a slightly inclined position on the sandy bath or water bath. The contents of the pycnetter are boiled for 15 to 20 minutes to remove air bubbles; Air bubbles can also be removed by maintaining a pycnometer under vacuum in the desiccator.

After the air is removed, the picnometer is wiping, cooled to the room temperature, tested to the label with distilled water and weighed. After that, the picnometer is released from the contents, washed, fill to the label with distilled water and weighed again. All weighing is made with an accuracy to 0.01.

8.1.5. Processing results

where t. - Picnometer mass with sand, r;

t. 1 - mass of an empty pycnometer, r;

m. 2 - the mass of the picnometer with distilled water, r;

t. 3 - a mass of a picnometer with sand and distilled water after removing air bubbles, r;

ρ B is a water density equal to 1 g / cm 3.

The discrepancy between the results of the two definitions of true density should not be more than 0.02 g / cm 3. In cases of large discrepancies, one third definitions and calculate the arithmetic average of two closest values.

Notes:

1. When testing by the specified sand method consisting of grains of porous sedimentary rocks, they are pre-crushed in a cast-iron or porcelain mortar to the size of less than 0.16 mm and then determined in the sequence described above.

2. It is allowed instead of weighing a pycnometer with distilled water in the process of each test to determine once the capacity of the pycnometer and use it with the value with all tests. In this case, the determination of the capacity of the picnometer and all tests are carried out at a steady temperature (20 ± 1) ºС. Picnometer capacity is determined by the mass of distilled water in the pycnometer, the density of which is taken equal to 1.0 g / cm 3. In this case, the true density of sand is calculated by the formula

where V. - Picnometer capacity, cm 3.

The remaining designations are by formula (15).

8.2.1. Essence of the method

True density is determined by measuring the mass of a unit of dried sand grains using a lestelier device.

8.2.2. Equipment

The lestelier device (damn 4).

Ledge

Glass for weighing or porcelain cup according to GOST 9147.

Drying cabinet.

Sieve with round holes 5 mm.

Calcium chloride (calcium chloride) according to GOST 450.

8.2.3. Preparation for the test

Of the analytical sample, they take about 200 g of sand, sieved it through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, poured into a glass of for weighing or into a porcelain cup, dried to a constant mass and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator over a concentrated sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. After that, two samples weighing 75 g each.

8.2.4. Testing

The device is filled with water to lower zero risks, and the water level is determined by the lower meniscus. Each sand mounted is suited through the funnel of the device with small uniform portions until the fluid level in the device defined by the lower meniscus will not rise to risks with a division of 20 cm 3 (or by another division within the upper graduated part of the device).

To remove air bubbles, the device rotate several times around its vertical axis.

The residue of sand that is not included in the device is weighed, all weighing are produced with an error to 0.01 g.

8.2.5. Processing results

The true density of sand (ρ) in g / cm 3 is calculated by the formula

where t. - Weighing sand sand, g;

m. 1 - mass of sand residue, r;

V. - The volume of water squeezed by sand, see 3.

The discrepancy between the results of two definitions of the true density should not be greater than 0.02 g / cm 3. In cases of large discrepancies, one third definitions and calculate the arithmetic average of two closest values.

9.1.1. Essence of the method

The bulk density is determined by weighing sand in dimensional vessels.

Sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.3. Preparation for the test

9.1.3.1. When determining the bulk density in a standard non-substantial state with input control, the tests are carried out in a measuring cylindrical vessel with a capacity of 1 dm 3, using about 5 kg of sand dried to a constant mass and sifted through a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.3.2. When determining the bulk density of sand in a batch to transfer the amount of sand supplied from units of mass into bulk units with acceptance tests of tests carried out in a measuring cylindrical vessel with a capacity of 10 dm 3. Sands are in a state of natural humidity without sieving through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.4. Testing

9.1.4.1. When determining the mound density of sand in a standard non-substantial state of sand, the sand is poured into a pre-weighed dimensional cylinder from a height of 10 cm from the top edge to education above the top of the cone cylinder. The cone without sand seal removes her thief with the edges of the vessel with a metal ruler, after which the vessel with sand weighed.

9.1.4.2. When determining the bulk density of sand in the batch to transfer the amount of sand supplied from units of the mass into the volume units of sand, they pour out a pre-weighed measuring cylinder from a height of 100 cm from the top edge of the cylinder to formation above the top of the cone cylinder. The cone without sand seal removes her thief with the edges of the vessel with a metal ruler, after which the vessel with sand weighed.

9.1.5. Processing results

The bulk density of sand (ρ H) in kg / m 3 is calculated by the formula

where t. - mass of the measuring vessel, kg;

t. 1 - mass of the measuring vessel with sand, kg;

V. - Capacity of the vessel, m 3.

The definition of a bulk density of sand is carried out twice, while each time take a new portion of sand.

Note. The bulk density of sandy-gravel mixture is determined according to GOST 8269.0.

The void (the volume of inter-rigid voids) of sand in a standard unplicable state is determined based on the values \u200b\u200bof the true density and the bulk density of the sand pre-installed on the section. 8 and p. 9.1.

Emptiness of sand ( V. m. P) A percentage by volume is calculated by the formula

where ρ is the true density of sand, g / cm 3;

ρ H is a bulk density of sand, kg / m 3.

10.1. Essence of the method

Humidity is determined by comparing the mass of sand in a state of natural humidity and after drying.

10.2. Equipment

Drying cabinet.

Tray.

10.3. Testing

Weighing a mass of 1000 g of sand pour into the baking sheet and weighed immediately, and then dried in the same anti-constant mass.

10.4. Processing results

Sand humidity ( W.) In percent, calculate according to the formula

where t. - weight of samples in a state of natural humidity, r;

t. 1 - Mass sinks in a dry condition, G.

The test is carried out in accordance with GOST 8269.0, using a sandage weight of at least 250 g.

12.1. To determine the content of harmful sulfur-containing impurities in the sand, the total sulfur content is found, then the content of sulfate sulfur and according to their difference, the content of sulfide sulfur is calculated.

If there is only sulphate compounds in the sand, the total sulfur content is not determined.

12.2.1.1. Essence method

The weight method is based on the decomposition of a mounted mixture with a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, followed by the precipitation of sulfur in the form of barium sulfate and determining the mass of the latter.

12.2.1.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

Scales analytical, measurement error 0.0002

Furnace muffle, providing heating temperature 900 ° C.

Porcelain cups with a diameter of 15 cm according to GOST 9147.

Glass glasses with a capacity of 100, 200, 300, 400 cm 3 according to GOST 23932.

Bath water.

Calcium chloride (calcium chloride) according to GOST 450, calcined at a temperature of 700 - 800 ° C.

Paper coarse filters for TU 6-09-1706-82.

12.2.1.3. Preparation to test

The analytical sample of the sand is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm and 100 g of sand is taken from the sifted portion, which is crushed to the size of the particles passing through the sieve with Mesh No. 016, from the resulting sand takes off the weight of 50 g. The selected jamming is repeatedly crushed to the particle size passing through sieve No. 0071.

The crushed sand is dried to a constant mass, placed in the bins, stored in the excicator over the calcined calcium chloride and are taken from it the samples for analysis ( t.) Weight 0.5 - 2 g

12.2.1.4. Holding analysis

A hollow suspended with an accuracy of 0.0002 g is placed in a glass glass with a capacity of 200 cm 3 or a porcelain cup, wetted by several drops of distilled water, add 30 cm 3 nitric acid, are covered with glass and leave for 10 to 15 minutes. After the end of the reaction, 10 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid is added, stirred by a glass stick, covered with glass and put a glass or a cup on a water bath. After 20 - 30 minutes after stopping the release of brown vapors of nitrogen oxides, glass is removed and the contents of a glass or a cup of dryness are evaporated. After cooling, the residue is wetted 5 - 7 cm 3 hydrochloric acid and re-evaporated to dryness. The operation is repeated 2 - 3 times, tightened 50 cm 3 hot water and boil until the salts are completely dissolved.

To precipitate the elements of a group of one-and-a-half oxides to the solution, 2 - 3 drops of methyl orange indicator are added and the ammonia solution is fascinated before the color of the solution from red in yellow and the appearance of ammonia smell. After 10 min, the coagulating sediment of the one-time oxides is filtered through the "Red Ribbon" filter into a glass of 300 - 400 cm 3. The precipitate is washed with warm water with the addition of several drops of ammonia solution. A hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate prior to the transition of the solution of the solution into pink color and add more 2.5 cm 3 of acid.

The filtrate is diluted with water to a volume of 200 - 250 cm 3, heated to a boil, poured into it in one reception 10 cm 3 of the hot solution of barium chloride, stirred, boil the solution 5 - 10 minutes and leave at least 2 hours. The precipitate is filtered through a dense The "Blue Ribbon" filter and is washed 10 times with small portions of cold water before removing chloride ions.

The completeness of the removal of chloride ions is checked by reaction with silver nitrate: a few drops of the filtrate are placed on the glass and add a drop of 1% silver nitrate solution. The absence of white precipitate is indicated by the completeness of removal of chloride ions.

In the porcelain crucible, pre-calcined to constant weight at a temperature of 800 - 850 ° C, placed a sediment with the filter, dried, spray, avoiding the ignition of the filter, and calcined in an open crucible until the filter is completely burning out, and then at a temperature of 800 - 850 ° C For 30 - 40 min.

After cooling in the desiccator, the crucible is weighed. The calcination is repeated until a constant mass. To determine the content of sulfur in reactivations used for analysis, "deaf experience" is carried out in parallel with the analysis. The number of barium sulfate found by "deaf experience" t. 2 are subtracted from the mass of barium sulfate t. 1 obtained when analyzing the sample.

Note. The expression "deaf experience" means that the test is carried out in the absence of the object under study, applying the same reagents and observing all the conditions of experience.

12.2.1.5. Treatment results

where t. - weight of the mood, r;

t. 1 - weight of precipitate sulfate barium, r;

m. 2 - the mass of precipitation of barium sulfate in the "deaf experience", r;

0.343 - Barium sulfate recalculation coefficient on SO 3.

Permissible discrepancies between the results of two parallel analyzes in the trust probability R \u003d 0.95 should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 4. Otherwise, the analysis should be repeated until a permissible discrepancy is obtained.

Table 4.

	Permissible discrepancy, abs. %

St. 0.5 to 1.0

12.2.2.1. Essence method

The method is based on the combustion of the hydrogenation in the flow of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 1300 - 1350 ° C, the absorption of SO 2 with a solution of iodine and titration with a solution of sodium thiosulfate is an excess of iodine that has not included in the resulting sulfuric acid.

12.2.2.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

Installation to determine the sulfur content (damn 5).

Installation scheme for determining the sulfur content

1 - Cylinder with carbon dioxide; 2 - washing flask with a 5% copper sulfate solution; 3 - flushing flask with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate;
4 - column with calcium calcium chloride; 5 - rubber plugs; 6 - electric tubular furnace with silte rods,
providing the heating temperature of 1300 ° C; 7 - porcelain tube for calcination with a length of 70 - 75 mm, internal diameter of 18 - 20 mm;
8 - porcelain boat No. 1 (length 70, width 9, height 7 - 5 mm) or porcelain boat No. 2 (length 95, width 12, height 10 mm) according to GOST 9147;
9 - crane; 10 - absorption vessel; 11 - burette with iodine solution; 12 - Burette with sodium thiosulfate solution

Note. All parts of the installation are connected by rubber jack. To prevent the overtaking of rubber traffic jams, the inner end surface is closed with asbestos gaskets.

Potassium two-axis (potassium bichromate) according to GOST 4220, fixanal.

Sieve with 5 mm holes; Sita with grids No. 063 and No. 016 according to GOST 6613.

Cylinders Glass dimensional capacity 50 or 100 cm 3 according to GOST 1770 - 2 pcs.

Glass wand with rubber tip - 2 pcs.

Calcium chloride technical 5% solution according to GOST 450.

14.3. Test procedure

From the middle sample of sand weighing 1 kg, dried to constant weight at a temperature (105 ± 5) ° C and sifted through a sieve with a hole with a size of 5 mm, we take a weight of 200 g. The natural sand and sand from the splitting of rocks of rocks is selected through a sieve with Grid No. 016, sand from slags of black and non-ferrous metallurgy and phosphoric slags - through a sieve with mesh No. 063. Determine the content of grains of less than 0.16 mm. BUT 0.16 and less than 0.63 mm A. 0, 63, respectively. The sand that passed through a sieve equal to portions fall asleep through the funnel into two glass dimensional cylinders when tapping along the cylinders until the sand in the compacted state does not reach 10 cm 3. The sand in each cylinder is loosened, poured at 30 - 50 cm 3 of distilled water, thoroughly stirred with a glass stick with a rubber tip until the fastener of clay smears on the walls of the cylinder is completely disappeared. After that, in each cylinder, a 5 cm 3 5% solution of calcium chloride is poured as a coagulant, thoroughly stirred and fastened along a glass stick (in order to wash it with clay) distilled water to a mark 50 or 100 cm 3. After settling for at least 24 hours, but not more than 30 hours measure the volume occupied by sand.

14.4. Processing test results

Volume increment K. When swelling clay particles, each 1 cm 3 of the original volume is calculated up to the second decimal sign according to the formula

where V. - the volume of sand after swelling, see 3;

V. 0 - The initial volume of sand, see 3.

The increment of the volume during swelling is determined as the mean largemetic value of the two results.

By meaning K. (Table 6) determine the content of clay particles in sand grains of less than 0.16 ( G. 0, 16) for natural sand and sand from eds of crushing rocks and less than 0.63 mm ( G. 0, 63) for sand from slags of black and non-ferrous metallurgy and phosphoric slags.

Table 6.

Volume increment K.	Volume increment K.	Volume increment K.

where BUT 0.16 - the content in natural sand and sand from the seferences of crushing rocks of grains of less than 0.16 mm,% by weight;

where BUT 0.63 - content in the sand of grain slags less than 0.63 mm,% by weight;

G. 0.63 - The content of clay particles in the grains of sand from slags of less than 0.63 mm,% by weight.

Section 14. (Introduced additionally, change No. 2).

Reference

The name and scope of tests are indicated in Table. five.

Table 5.

Test name	Application area			Input control at the enterprise-consumer
	Quality control at the manufacturer		Geological intelligence
	remote	periodic	Geological intelligence
1. Definition of grain composition and size module
2. Determination of clay content in lumps
3. Determination of dust and clay particles
4. Determination of the presence of organic impurities
5. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition
6. Definition of true density
7. Determination of bulk density and voidness
8. Definition of humidity
9. Determination of reactivity
10. Determination of sulfate and sulphide compounds
11. Definition of frost resistance of sand from crushing

Note. The sign "+" means that the test is carried out; The sign "-" - do not spend.

Information details

1. Designed and introduced by the Ministry of Industry of Building Materials of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED RESOLUTION OF THE STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE OF THE USSR from 05.10.88 No. 203

Change number 2 adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Registration and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) 05/17/2000

Bureau of MGS Standards No. 3705

Name of state	Name of the authority of government construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy Azerbaijan Republic
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Planning of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Minstroyarchitecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Committee on Construction Affairs of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Committee under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on architecture and construction
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of the Environment and Improvements of the Territories of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Committee on Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goscomarchitektroy Republic Uzbekistan

4. Reference regulatory and technical documents

5. Edition (November 2006) with amendments No. 1, 2, approved in June 1989, December 2000 (IUS 11-89, 5-2001)

1. General Provisions. one

2. Sampling. 2.

3. Definition of grain composition and size module. 3.

4. Determination of clay content in lumps. five

5. Determination of the content of dust and clay particles. 6.

5.1 Poverty Method. 6.

5.2. Pipette method. 7.

5.3. Method of wet sifting. 10

5.4. Photoelectric method. 10

6. Determination of the presence of organic impurities. 10

7. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition. eleven

8. Definition of true density. 12

8.1. Picnometric method. 12

8.2. Accelerated definition of true density. 13

9. Determination of bulk density and voidness. fifteen

9.1. Determination of bulk density. fifteen

9.2. Determination of voidness. sixteen

10. Determination of humidity. sixteen

11. Determination of reactivity. sixteen

12. Determination of the content of sulfate and sulfide compounds. sixteen

12.2. Definition of total sulfur content .. 16

12.2.1. Weight method. sixteen

12.2.2. Iodometric titration method. eighteen

12.3. Determination of sulfate sulfur content .. 21

12.4. Determination of the content of sulfide sulfur .. 22

13. Determination of frost resistance of sand from seferences of crushing. 22.

14. Determination of the content of clay particles by swelling in the sand for road construction. 23.

Application. Scope of testing. 24.

GOST 8735-88 establishes sand test methods used as aggregate for concrete in monolithic, precast concrete and concrete products and structures, as well as used as a material for various types of construction work using concrete and mortar mixtures. GOST 8735-88 operates from 01.07.89.

GOST 8735-88

(ST SEV 5446-85)

ST SEV 6317-88

UDC 691.223.001.4.006.354 group z19

State Standard of the SSR Union

Sand for construction work
Test methods

Sand for Construction Work.

Date of introduction 01.07.89

Failure to comply with the standard is prosecuted by law.

This standard applies to the sand used as a placeholder for concrete monolithic, prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as the material for the respective types of construction work and establishes test methods.

1.1. The scope of sand test methods provided for by this Standard is indicated in the application.

1.2. Samples are weighed with an error of 0.1% of the mass, if other instructions are not given in the standard.

1.4. The test results are calculated with an accuracy of the second decimal sign, unless other indications of the accuracy of the calculation are not given.

1.5. For the result of the test, the average arithmetic value of the parallel definitions provided for the corresponding method are taken.

Note. The use of SIT with grids No. 014 is allowed to equip enterprises with Sita with grids No. 016.

1.7. The room temperature in which tests must be (25 ± 10) ° C. Before testing, sand and water must have a temperature corresponding to the air temperature in the room.

1.8. Water for testing is used according to GOST 2874 or GOST 23732 if the standard does not provide guidelines for the use of distilled water.

1.9. When using hazardous (caustic, toxic) substances as the reagents, the safety requirements set forth in the regulatory and technical documents on these reagents should be guided.

1.10. In the "Equipment" sections, references to state standards are given. It is allowed to use similar imported equipment. Used non-standard measuring instruments specified in the "Equipment" section must pass metrological certification in accordance with GOST 8.326.

2.1. When acceptable control at the enterprise, the manufacturer selects point samples, of which by mixing, one combined sample from replaceable products of each technological line is obtained.

To check the quality of sand, shipped directly into the career, point samples are taken in the process of loading in vehicles.

2.3. Point tests for obtaining a combined sample begin to select 1 hour after the start of shifts and are then taken after every hour during the shift.

The speaker selection interval during manual selection can be increased if the manufacturer's enterprise produces stable quality products. To establish the permissible interval of sampling, the coefficient of variation of the values \u200b\u200bof the content of grains, passing through a sieve with grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles. To determine the coefficient of variation of these indicators during the shift every 15 min, point samples are taken in a mass of at least 2000. For each point sample, the content of grains passing through a sieve with a grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles determine. Then calculate the coefficients of the variation of these indicators in accordance with GOST 8269.

Depending on the obtained maximum value of the variation coefficient for two defined indicators, the following intervals of the selection of point samples are taken during the shift:

3 hours - with the ratio of variation of the indicator to 10%;

2 h "" "" "15%.

2.5. The combined sample is stirred and before being sent to the laboratory, reduced by the return method or using a groove divider to obtain a laboratory sample.

For quartification of the sample (after stirring), the material cone is spread and divided mutually perpendicular lines passing through the center, four parts. Two any opposite quarters take in the sample. Consistent quartzing reduce the sample in two, four times, etc. before obtaining a sample of mass corresponding to paragraph 2.6.

2.6. The mass of the laboratory test at acceptance control at the manufacturer should be at least 5000 g, it is used for all tests provided for at acceptance control.

2.7. For each test from the laboratory sample, the analytical sample is taken.

From the analytical sample, the samples are taken in accordance with the test method.

Selected samples are packaged in such a way that the mass and properties of materials do not change before testing.

Each sample is supplied with two labels with sample designation. One label is placed inside the package, the other - in the prominent place of the packaging.

During transportation, the preservation of packaging from mechanical damage and wetting should be preserved.

2.9. To test the quality of sand produced and laid by the hydromechanization method, the naming card is divided in terms of length (along the scale of the scale) into three parts.

From each part, point samples are taken from at least five different places (in terms of). To select a point sample, a hole is replete with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m. From the hole, the sand sample is selected by a scoop, moving it upwards along the holes of the well.

From point samples by mixing, a combined sample is obtained, which is reduced to obtain a laboratory sample according to claim 2.5.

The sand quality is estimated separately for each part of the Namation map according to the tests of the test taken from it.

2.10. With an arbitration check for the quality of sand in warehouses, point samples are taken using a scoop in places located evenly throughout the surface of the warehouse, from the bottom of the dug holes with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m. The wells should be placed in a checker order. The distance between the wells should not exceed 10 m. The laboratory sample is prepared according to claim 2.5.

2.11. When input control in the consumer enterprise, the combined sample of the sand is selected from the conducted batch of material in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8736. The laboratory sample is prepared according to claim 2.5.

2.12. In geological intelligence, the sample is selected in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.1. Essence of the method

The grain composition is determined by residently sand on the standard set of SIT.

3.2. Equipment

A set of SIT according to GOST 6613 and sieve with round holes of diameters 10; 5 and 2.5 mm.

Drying cabinet.

3.3. Preparation for the test

Analytical sand sample Weight at least 2000 g dried to constant mass.

3.4. Testing

The sand sample dried to constant mass is sieved through sieve with round holes with diameters 10 and 5 mm.

The remains on the sieves weighed and calculate the content in the sand of gravel fractions with grain size from 5 to 10 mm (GR5) and St. 10 mm (GR10) as a percentage by weight by formulas:

(1)

(2)

where M10 is the residue on the sieve with round holes with a diameter of 10 mm, r;

M5 - residue on sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm, g;

M - Sample Mass, G.

From the part of the sand sample, which passed through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, take a weight of a mass of at least 1000 g to determine the grain composition of the sand.

It is allowed in geological exploration to dispel after pre-washing with the determination of the content of dust and clay particles. The content of dust and clay particles include when calculating the results of the residence in the mass of particles passing through a sieve with a grid No. 016, and in the total weight of the hitch. With mass tests, it is allowed after washing with the determination of the content of dust and clay particles and drying the sample to a constant mass to sift the sand (without gravel fraction) weighing 500 g.

The prepared sanding of the sand is sieved through a set of sieve with round holes with a diameter of 2.5 mm and with grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315 and 016.

Sift is made by mechanical or manual ways. The duration of sifting should be such that with the control intensive manual shaking of each sieve for 1 min through it, no more than 0.1% of the total weight of the sieaned hitch was held. When mechanically sifted, its duration for the applied device is set by an experimental way.

With manual sifting, it is allowed to determine the end of the sifting, intensively shaking each sieve over a sheet of paper. Sift is considered finished if there is practically no fall of sand grains.

When determining the grain composition, the molding of the material is placed in the vessel and poured with water. After 24 hours, the contents of the vessel are thoroughly mixed until the clay film or lumps of clay is completely twisted, drained (portion) to the upper sieve of the standard set and sieved, washing the material on the sizes until the flushing water becomes transparent. Private residues on each sieve are dried to a constant mass and cooled to room temperature, then determine their mass weighing.

(Modified edition, change No. 1).

3.5. Processing results

According to the results of the sifting, calculate:

Private residue on each sieve (AI) as a percentage of the formula

(3)

where Ti is the mass of the residue on this sieve, r;

t - the mass of the sifted hits, r;

Full residue on each sieve (AI) as a percentage of the formula

where A2,5, A1.25, AI is private residues on the respective sines;

Sand size module (MK) without grains size larger than 5 mm by formula

(5)

where A2,5, A1.25, A063, A0315, A016 - full residues on the sieve with round holes with a diameter of 2.5 mm and on sints with grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315, 016,%.

The result of determining the grain composition of the sand is made in accordance with the table. 1 or depict graphically in the form of a sifting curve in accordance with the features. one.

Curve sieving

Table 1

4.1. Essence of the method

4.2. Equipment

Scales according to GOST 23711 or GOST 24104.

Drying cabinet.

Sita with grid No. 1.25 according to GOST 6613 and with round holes with diameters 5 and 2.5 mm.

Needle steel.

4.3. Preparation for the test

5.0 g - the fraction of St. 2.5 to 5 mm;

1.0 g - fractions from 1.25 to 2.5 mm

4.4. Processing results

(6)

(7)

where M1, M2 is the weight of the sand sand fraction, respectively, from 2.5 to 5 mm and from 1.25 to 2.5 mm before the selection of clay, r;

t1, M3 - mass grains of sand fraction, respectively, from 2.5 to 5 mm and from 1.25 to 2.5 mm after the selection of clay, G.

(8)

where A2.5, A1,25 is the private residues in the percentage by weight on the sines with holes of 2.5 and 1.25 mm, calculated according to claim 3.5.

5.1. Method of misunderstood

5.1.1. Essence of the method

5.1.2. Equipment

Scales according to GOST 23711 or GOST 24104.

Drying cabinet.

Cylindrical bucket with a height of at least 300 mm with a siphon or a vessel for pecking (damn 2).

Stopwatch.

5.1.3. Preparation for the test

An analytical sample of sand is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, the sand, which passed through the sieve, dried to a constant mass and take a weight of 1000 from it.

5.1.4. Testing

After inconsider, the washes was dried to a constant weight of T1.

5.1.5. Processing results

(9)

where T is the mass of the dried sample to bentuned, r;

m1 - the mass of the dried sample after the pushing,

Vessel for pushing

Notes:

1. When testing natural sands, the grains of which are tightly selected clay, the sample is maintained in water at least 1 day.

2. The test of sand is allowed in a state of natural humidity. In this case, in a parallel sandpaper, the humidity of the sand and the content of dust and clay particles (Potm) is calculated as a percentage of the formula

(10)

where TV is a weight of the samples in a state of natural humidity, r;

t1 - weight of the sample dried after pushing to constant mass, r;

W is the humidity of the test sand,%.

5.2. Pipette method

5.2.1. Essence of the method

5.2.2. Equipment

Cylindrical bucket with two labels (belts) on the inner wall corresponding to the capacity of 5 and 10 liters.

Cylindrical bucket without labels.

Drying cabinet.

Sita with grid No. 063 and 016 according to GOST 6613.

Metal cylinders with a capacity of 1000 ml with a viewing window (2 pcs.).

Pipette Metal measuring with a capacity of 50 ml (Damn 3).

Funnel with a diameter of 150 mm.

Stopwatch.

A cup or a cook for evaporation according to GOST 9147.

5.2.3. Testing

The sanding of the sand weighing about 1000 g in a state of natural humidity weighed, placed in a bucket (without a label) and poured 4.5 liters of water. In addition, about 500 ml of water for subsequent rinsing bucket are prepared.

Suspensions are allowed to settle and carefully drain the clarified water in the first bucket. Sand on the sines over the second bucket (with labels) is rinsed with a fusion water. After that, the first bucket is rinsed with water left and this water is drained into the second bucket. At the same time, this amount of water left is used so that the level of suspension in the latter reached exactly 5 liters; In the event that the remaining water is not enough for this, the volume of the suspension is adjusted to 5 l by adding an additional amount of water.

After that, the suspension is thoroughly stirred in the bucket and immediately fill with it with a funnel alternately two metal cylinder with a capacity of 1000 ml, continuing to mix the suspension. The suspension level in each cylinder must match the label on the viewing window.

The suspension in each cylinder is stirred with a glass or metal wand or roll over the cylinder several times, closing it with a lid, for better mixing.

After the end of the mixing, leave the cylinder alone by 1.5 minutes. For 5-10 seconds before the end of the excerpt, the measuring pipette with a closed tube is lowered into the cylinder so that the support cover is based on the top of the cylinder wall, while the bottom of the pipette will be at the level of suspension - 190 mm from the surface. After the specified time (5-10 ° C), the pipette tube is open and after its fill it is closed with a handset with a finger, remove the pipette from the cylinder and, opening the tube, pose the contents of the pipette in a pre-weighted cup or a glass. Pipettes are controlled by changing the suspension level in the viewing window.

Metal cylinder and measuring pipette

1 - cylinder; 2 - pipette; 3 - label (1000 ml);

4 - Suspension level in the cylinder

Instead of metal cylinders with a viewing window and a special pipette, it is allowed to use conventional glass dimensional cylinders with a capacity of 1 liter and a glass pipette with a capacity of 50 ml, lowering it into a cylinder to a depth of 190 mm.

5.2.4. Processing results

(11)

t1 - mass of a cup or glass for evaporation of suspension, r;

t2 - Mass of a cup or glass with impaired powder,

In the case of sand testing, water-contaminated with dusty and clay particles, the volume of water for washing is taken equal to 10 l instead of 5 liters. Accordingly, up to 10 l volume of suspension in a bucket with labels. In this case, the test result (POTM) is calculated by the formula in percent

(12)

Note. A mass of precipitate (T2-T1) is allowed to determine the suspension density by the formula

(13)

where T3 is the mass of the picnometer with a suspension, r;

t4 - Picnometer mass with water, g;

r is the density of the precipitate, g / cm3 (taken equal to 2.65 g / cm3).

The result of determining the mass of sediment T2-T1 is made in formula (11).

5.3. Method of wet sifting

5.3.1. Essence of the method

The test is carried out according to GOST 8269, using a sand sandpaper weighing 1000 g and sieves with grid No. 0315 and 005.

5.4. Photoelectric method

5.4.1. Essence of the method

The method is based on comparing the degree of transparency of pure water and suspension obtained during the washing of sand.

The test is carried out according to GOST 8269, using a sanding of the sand weighing 1000 g.

6.1. Essence of the method

The presence of organic impurities (humus substances) is determined by comparison of the staining of the alkaline solution over the sand breakner from the color of the reference.

6.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Photocolorimeter FEK-56M or SF-4 spectrophotometer, or other similar devices.

Cylinders Glass capacity 250 ml made of transparent colorless glass (inner diameter 36-40 mm) according to GOST 1770.

Bath water.

Sodium hydroxide (sodium hydroxide) according to GOST 4328, 3% solution.

Tanin, 2% solution in 1% ethanol.

6.3. Preparation for the test

From the analytical sample of the sand in a state of natural humidity take a hitch of about 250 g

The reference solution is prepared, dissolving 2.5 ml of a 2% tannin solution of 97.5 ml of a 3% sodium hydroxide solution. The prepared solution is stirred and left for 24 hours.

The optical density of the tannin solution, determined on the photocolorimeter or spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 450-500 nm, should be 0.60-0.68.

6.4. Testing

The sand is filled with a measuring cylinder to a level of 130 ml and poured it with a 3% solution of sodium hydroxide to a level of 200 ml. The contents of the cylinder are stirred and left for 24 hours, repeating stirring after 4 hours after the first mixing. Then compare the color of the liquid, stood on the breakdown, with the color of the reference solution or glass, the color of which is identical to the color of the reference solution.

Sand is suitable for use in concrete or solutions if the fluid over the sample is colorless or painted much weaker than the reference solution.

When the liquid color is slightly lighter than the reference solution, the contents of the vessel are heated for 2-3 hours in a water bath at a temperature of 60-70 ° C and compare the color of the fluid above the breakdown with the color of the reference solution.

When the liquid color is the same or darker than the color of the reference solution, it is necessary to test the aggregate in concrete or solutions in specialized laboratories.

7.1. Essence of the method

7.2. Equipment and reagents

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Set of sieves with grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315 and 016 according to GOST 6613 and with round holes with diameters 5 and 2.5 mm.

Drying cabinet.

A binocular microscope with an increase from 10 to 50C, a polarization microscope with an increase to 1350c.

Mixed Mineralogical in accordance with GOST 25706.

Set of reagents.

Needle steel.

7.3. Preparation for the test

The analytical sample of sand is sifted through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, from the sifted part of the sample take at least 500 g of sand.

The sand is washed, dried to a constant mass, dissipated on a set of sieves with a hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and grids No. 1.25; 063; 0315; 016 and take the weights weighing at least:

25.0 g - for sand with grains size of St. 2.5 to 5.0 mm;

5.0 g "" "" "St. 1.25 to 2.5 mm;

1.0 g "" "" "St. 0.63 to 1.25 mm;

0.1 g "" "" "St. 0.315 to 0.63 mm;

0.01 g "" "" "from 0.16 to 0.315 mm.

7.4. Testing

Each jamming is poured with a thin layer on glass or paper and browsed with a binocular microscope or magnifying glass.

Sand grains represented by fragments of appropriate breeds and minerals are separated using a thin needle to groups by types of rocks and types of minerals.

In the grains of sand represented by chips of minerals, determine the content of quartz, field spat, dark color minerals, calcite, etc.

Sand grains represented by fragments of rocks are separated by genetic types in accordance with Table. 2.

table 2

In addition, the grain and minerals attributable to harmful impurities are isolated in the sand.

In the presence of minerals containing sulfur, the number of sulfate and sulphide compounds in terms of SO3 is determined by clause 12.

Quantitative determination of the content of potentially reactive varieties of silica is carried out according to claim 11.

The same sand sakes are used to determine the shape and character of the surface of the grains of sand in accordance with the table. 3.

Table 3.

7.5. Processing results

For each type of selected rocks and minerals, the number of grains calculate and determine their content (x) as a percentage in the sample by the formula

(14)

where n is the number of grains of this breed or mineral;

N is the total amount of grains in the tested hitch.

8.1. Picnometric method

8.1.1. Essence of the method

True density is determined by measuring the mass of a unit of dried sand grains.

8.1.2. Equipment

Picture meters with a capacity of 100 ml according to GOST 22524.

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Exicitor according to GOST 25336.

Drying cabinet.

Bath sand or water sauna.

Water distilled according to GOST 6709.

Sulfuric acid according to GOST 2184.

8.1.3. Preparation for the test

From the analytical sample of the sand take a sample of about 30 g, it is sieved through a sieve with holes with diameters of 5 mm, dried to a constant mass and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator over a concentrated sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Dried sand is stirred and divided into two parts.

8.1.4. Testing

Each part of the mood is sprinkled in a clean dried and pre-weighed pycne meter, after which weigh it with sand. The distilled water is then poured into a picnometer in such a quantity so that the pycnometer is filled in about 2/3 of its volume, mix the contents and put it in a slightly inclined position on the sandy bath or water bath. The contents of the pycnetter are boiled for 15-20 minutes to remove air bubbles; Air bubbles can also be removed by maintaining a pycnometer under vacuum in the desiccator.

8.1.5. Processing results

(15)

where T is the mass of the picnometer with sand, r;

t1 - the mass of the empty pycnometer, r;

t2 - a mass of a pycnometer with distilled water, g;

t3 is a mass of a picnometer with sand and distilled water after removing air bubbles, r;

rV is a water density equal to 1 g / cm3.

The discrepancy between the results of the two definitions of true density should not be more than 0.02 g / cm3. In cases of large discrepancies, one third definitions and calculate the arithmetic average of two closest values.

Notes:

2. It is allowed instead of weighing a pycnometer with distilled water in the process of each test to determine once the capacity of the pycnometer A use it with all tests. In this case, the determination of the capacity of the picnometer and all tests are carried out at a steady temperature (20 ± 1) ° C. Picnometer capacity is determined by the mass of distilled water in the pycnometer, the density of which is taken equal to 1.0 g / cm3. In this case, the true density of sand is calculated by the formula

(16)

where V is the volume of the pycnetter, ml.

The remaining designations are by formula (15).

8.2. Accelerated definition of true density

8.2.1. Essence of the method

True density is determined by measuring the mass of a unit of dried sand grains using a lestelier device.

8.2.2. Equipment

The lestelier device (damn 4).

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Glass for weighing or porcelain cup according to GOST 9147.

Exicitor according to GOST 25336.

Drying cabinet.

Sieve with round holes 5 mm.

Sulfuric acid according to GOST 2184.

Calcium chloride (calcium chloride) according to GOST 450.

Ledge

8.2.3. Preparation for the test

8.2.4. Testing

The device is filled with water to lower zero risks, and the water level is determined by the lower meniscus. Each sandage of the sand is sprinkled through the device's funnel with small uniform portions until the fluid level in the device determined by the lower meniscus will not rise to risks with a division of 20 ml (or by another division within the upper graduated part of the device).

To remove air bubbles, the device rotate several times around its vertical axis.

The residue of sand that is not included in the device is weighed, all weighing are produced with an error to 0.01 g.

8.2.5. Processing results

The true density of sand (R) in g / cm3 is calculated by the formula

(17)

where t is the mass of sand samples, r;

t1 - mass of sand residue, r;

V is the volume of water, squeezed by sand, ml.

The discrepancy between the results of the two definitions of true density should not be greater than 0.02 g / cm3. In cases of large discrepancies, a third definition produce and calculate the arithmetic average of two nearest values.

9.1. Definition of bulk density

9.1.1. Essence of the method

The bulk density is determined by weighing sand in dimensional vessels.

9.1.2. Equipment

Scales according to GOST 29329, GOST 24104 or platform scales.

The vessels of measuring cylindrical metal capacity is 1 l (diameter and height 108 mm) and a capacity of 10 liters (diameter and height of 234 mm).

Drying cabinet.

Metal line in accordance with GOST 427.

Sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.3. Preparation for the test

9.1.3.1. When determining the bulk density in a standard non-substantial state in the input control, the tests are carried out in a measuring cylindrical vessel with a capacity of 1 l, using about 5 kg of sand dried to a constant mass and sizzy through a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.3.2. When determining the bulk density in the batch to transfer the amount of sand supplied from units of mass into bulk units with acceptance tests of tests carried out in a measuring cylindrical vessel with a capacity of 10 liters. Sands are in a state of natural humidity without sieving through a sieve with a hole with a diameter of 5 mm.

9.1.4. Testing

9.1.5. Processing results

The bulk density of sand (RN) in kg / m3 is calculated by the formula

(18)

where T is the mass of the measuring vessel, kg;

t1 - mass of the measuring vessel with sand, kg;

V is the volume of the vessel, m3.

The definition of a bulk density of sand is produced twice, while each time take a new portion of sand.

Note. The bulk density of sandy-gravel mixture is determined according to GOST 8269.

9.2. Determination of void

The voidness (the volume of inter-rigid voids) of sand in a standard unplicable state is determined on the basis of the values \u200b\u200bof the true density and the bulk density of the sand pre-installed according to PP. 8 and 9.1.

Pulliness of sand (VM.P) in percentage in volume is calculated by the formula

(19)

where R is the true density of sand, g / cm3;

rN is a bulk density of sand, kg / m3.

10.1. Essence of the method

Humidity is determined by comparing the mass of sand in a state of natural humidity and after drying.

10.2. Equipment

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Drying cabinet.

Tray.

10.3. Testing

Weighing a mass of 1000 g of sand pour into the baking sheet and weighed immediately, and then dried in the same anti-constant mass.

10.4. Processing results

The humidity of sand (W) in percent is calculated by the formula

(20)

where t is a weight of the samples in a state of natural humidity;

t1 - weight of the samples in a dry condition,

The test is carried out in accordance with GOST 8269, using a sand sampling weighing at least 250 g.

If there is only sulphate compounds in the sand, the total sulfur content is not determined.

12.2. Definition of total sulfur

12.2.1. Weight method

12.2.1.1. Essence of the method

12.2.1.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

Furnace muffle, providing heating temperature 900 ° C.

Porcelain cups with a diameter of 15 cm according to GOST 9147.

Glass glass capacity 100, 200,300,400 ml according to GOST 23932.

Tigley porcelain according to GOST 9147.

Exicitor according to GOST 25336.

Bath water.

Calcium chloride (calcium chloride) according to GOST 450, calcined at 700-800 ° C.

Paper coarse filters for TU 6-09-1706-82.

Nitrogen acid according to GOST 4461.

Salonic acid according to GOST 3118.

Ammonia aqueous according to GOST 3760, 10% solution.

Barium chloride (chloride barium) according to GOST 4108, 10% solution.

Methyl orange for TU 6-09-5169-84, 0.1% solution.

Silver nitric acid (silver nitrate) according to GOST 1277, 1% solution.

Sieve Woven Woven with Square Cells No. 005 and 0071 according to GOST 6613.

12.2.1.3. Preparation for the test

The crushed sand is dried to a constant mass, placed in the bins, stored in the excicator over the calcined calcium chloride and are taken from it the samples for analysis (T) weighing 0.5-2 g.

12.2.1.4. Analysis

A hollow suspended with an accuracy of 0.0002 g is placed in a glass glass with a capacity of 200 ml or a porcelain cup, wetted by several drops of distilled water, add 30 ml of nitric acid, are covered with glass and leave for 10-15 minutes. After the end of the reaction is added 10 ml of hydrochloric acid, stirred with a glass stick, covered with glass and put a glass or a cup on a water bath. After 20-30 minutes, after stopping the allocation of brown vapors of nitrogen oxides, glass is removed and the contents of a glass or a cup of dryness are evaporated. After cooling, the residue is wetted with 5-7 ml of hydrochloric acid and again evaporated to dryness. The operation is repeated 2-3 times, tightened 50 ml of hot water and boil to completely dissolve salts.

To precipitate the elements of a group of one-hour oxides to the solution, 2-3 drops of the methyl orange indicator are added and the ammonia solution is fascinated before the color of the solution is red in yellow and the appearance of ammonia smell. After 10 min, the coagulated sediment of the semi-third oxides is filtered through the "Red Ribbon" filter into a glass with a capacity of 300-400 ml. The precipitate is washed with warm water with the addition of several drops of ammonia solution. A hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate prior to the transition of the solution of the solution in pink color and add more 2.5 ml of acid.

The filtrate is diluted with water to a volume of 200-250 ml, heated to a boil, poured into it in one reception 10 ml of hot barium chloride, stirred, boil the solution 5-10 minutes and leave at least 2 hours. The precipitate is filtered through a dense filter " Blue tape "and washed 10 times with small portions of cold water until the chloride ion removal.

After cooling in the desiccator, the crucible is weighed. The calcination is repeated until a constant mass. To determine the content of sulfur in reactivations used for analysis, "deaf experience" is carried out in parallel with the analysis. The amount of barium sulfate, found by "deaf experience" T2, is subtracted from the mass of barium T1 sulfate, obtained when analyzing the sample.

Note. The expression "deaf experience" means that the test is carried out in the absence of the object under study, applying the same reagents and observing all the conditions of experience.

12.2.1.5. Processing results

(21)

where T is a weight of the hitch, r;

t1 - the mass of precipitate of barium sulfate, r;

t2 - the mass of precipitate of barium sulfate in the "deaf experience", r;

0.343 - Barium sulfate recalculation coefficient on SO3.

The permissible discrepancies between the results of two parallel analyzes in the trust probability p \u003d 0.95 should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 4. Otherwise, the analysis should be repeated until a permissible discrepancy is obtained.

Table 4.

	Permissible discrepancy, abs. %

St. 0.5 to 1.0

12.2.2. Method of iodometric titration

12.2.2.1. Essence of the method

The method is based on the combustion of the hide in the flow of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 1300-1350 ° C, absorbing SO2 with a solution of iodine and titration with a solution of sodium thiosulfate excess iodine that has not included in the resulting sulfuric acid.

12.2.2.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

Installation to determine the sulfur content (damn 5).

Sodium thiosulfate according to GOST 27068, 0.005 N. solution.

Sodium carbonate (sodium carbonate) according to GOST 83.

Potassium two-axis (potassium bichromate) according to GOST 4220, fixanal.

Starch soluble according to GOST 10163, 1.0% solution.

Iodine according to GOST 4159, 0.005 N solution.

Potassium iodide (potassium iodide) according to GOST 4232.

Sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204, 0.1 N solution.

Scales analytical, measurement error 0.0002

12.2.2.3. Preparation of 0.005 H solution of sodium thiosulfate

To prepare a solution of sodium thiosulfate, 1.25 g of Na2S2O3 · 5 H2O was dissolved in 1 l of freshly rocked distilled water and add 0.1 g of sodium carbonate. The solution is stirred and left by 10-12 days, after which its titer is determined by 0.01 H solutions of potassium bichromate cooked from the fixanal.

To 10 ml of 0.01 H potassium bichromate solution add 50 ml of 0.1 H solution of sulfuric acid, 2 g of potassium dry iodide and titrated by a cooked solution of sodium thiosulfate to straw-yellow staining. A few drops of a 1% starch solution are added (the solution is painted in blue) and titrated before discoloration of the solution. The coefficient of correction to the titer 0.005 H solution of sodium thiosulfate is determined by the formula

(22)

where is the normality of the potassium bichromate solution;

10 - volume 0.01 H potassium bichromate solution, taken for titration, ml;

V is the volume of 0.005 H solution of sodium thiosulfate, spent on titration 10 ml of 0.01 H solution of potassium bichromate, ml;

- Normality of sodium thiosulfate solution.

Titre check is carried out at least once every 10 days.

Sodium thiosulfate solution is stored in dark bottles.

12.2.2.4. Cooking 0.005 H Iodine solution

To prepare a solution of iodine 0.63 g of crystalline iodine and 10 g of potassium iodide dissolve in 15 ml of distilled water. The solution is transferred to a measurable flask with a capacity of 1 l with a well-seized plug, fasten to the label, stirred and stored in the dark.

The titer of the prepared iodine solution is set according to the titrated solution of sodium thiosulfate prepared as described above (Section 12.2.2.3) by the method.

10 ml of 0.005 H solution of iodine titrate 0.005 n sodium thiosulfate solution in the presence of starch.

The correction coefficient to the titer 0.005 H solution of iodine () is determined by the formula

(23)

where - the volume of 0.005 H solution of sodium thiosulfate, spent on the titration of iodine solution, ml;

- correction coefficient of 0.005 H solution of sodium thiosulfate;

- the normality of the iodine solution;

10 - the amount of iodine solution taken for titration, ml.

12.2.2.5. Preparation for the test

Snakes to the test prepare according to 12.1.1.3, while the mass of the hollow is taken to be 0.1-1.0 g.

Before starting work, the furnace is heated to a temperature of 1300 ° C and tested the tightness of the installation. To do this, cover the crane before the absorption vessel and the carbon dioxide is allowed. The termination of the passage of gas bubbles through the washing flask indicates the tightness of the installation.

The coefficient K, which establishes the relationship between the concentrations of the iodine solution and sodium thiosulfate. A carbon dioxide is passed through the installation for 3-5 minutes, the absorption vessel is filled with 2/3 water. A 10 ml of the titled iodine solution is poured from the burette, 5 ml of 1.0% starch solution is added and titrated sodium thiosulfate solution to the decolorization of the solution. The ratio of the coefficient of the concentrations of iodine solutions and sodium thiosulfate is taken to be equal to the average value of three definitions. The coefficient of the relationship of concentrations to in laboratory conditions is determined daily before testing.

12.2.2.6. Testing

The hitch suspended up to 0.0002 g is placed in a pre-calcined boat. A 250-300 ml of distilled water is poured into the absorption vessel, the volume of iodine solution, 5 ml of starch solution and stirred with a flow of carbon dioxide by the burette.

Installation scheme for determining the sulfur content

1 - a cylinder with carbon dioxide; 2 - washing flask with 5% solution

copper sulfate; 3 - washing flask with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate;

4 - block with calcium calcium chloride; 5 - rubber plugs;

6 - Electric tubular furnace with silte rods providing

heating temperature 1300 ° C; 7 - porcelain tube for calcination

70-75 mm long, 18-20 mm inner diameter; 8 - porcelain

boat number 1 (length 70, width 9, height 7-5 mm) or porcelain

boat number 2 (length 95, width 12, height 10 mm) according to GOST 9147;

9 - crane; 10 - absorbing vessel; II - Burette with iodine solution;

I2 - burette with sodium thiosulfate solution

Note. All parts of the installation are connected by rubber jack. To prevent the overtaking of rubber traffic jams, the inner end surface is closed with asbestos gaskets.

The boat with a hitch with a hook from the heat-resistant wire is placed in a heated tube (from the carbon dioxide). Close the tube with a plug and carbon dioxide (speed of 90-100 bubbles in 1 min). The jacket is calcined for 10-15 minutes, following the solution in the absorption vessel saushed the blue color. Then the solution in the absorption vessel is titrated by a solution of sodium thiosulfate to discoloration. After the end of the titration, you extract the boat from the furnace, trying not to pollute the walls of the porcelain tube with the residues of the hitch.

In the absorption vessel, washed with water, pour a new portion of water, iodine and starch solution.

12.2.2.7. Processing results

(24)

where V is the volume of iodine solution, taken for titration, ml;

V1 is the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution, spent on titration of an excess iodine that has not entered into the reaction, ml;

126.92 - 1 Mr. iodine, g;

10 - volume of 0.005 H solution of iodine, taken for titration, ml;

1000 - Sodium thiosulfate solution volume, ml.

The permissible discrepancies between the results of two parallel definitions in the trust probability p \u003d 0.95 should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 3. Otherwise, experience should be repeated until the permissible discrepancy is obtained.

12.3. Determination of sulphate sulfur

12.3.1. Essence of the method

The method is based on the decomposition of hydrochloric acid suspension, followed by the precipitation of sulfur in the form of barium sulfate and determining the mass of the latter.

12.3.2. Equipment, reagents and solutions

For analysis, appliances, reagents and solutions specified in clause 12.2.1.2 are used, while hydrochloric acid is used according to GOST 3118, a solution 1: 3 (one volumetric part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and three volume parts of the water).

12.3.3. Preparation for the test

The suspension to the test is prepared by paragraph 12.1.1.3, while the weight of the sample is taken equal to 1 g.

12.3.4. Testing

The mood is placed in a glass with a capacity of 100-150 ml, covered with glass and add 40-50 ml of hydrochloric acid. After stopping the release of gas bubbles, the glass is put on the tile and withstand with weak boiling for 10-15 minutes. The one-and-half oxides are precipitated, adding 2-3 drops of the methyl orange indicator and topping the ammonia solution before moving the color of the indicator from red in yellow and the appearance of the smell of ammonia. After 10 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off. The precipitate is washed with warm water with the addition of several drops of ammonia solution.

The filtrate is neutralized with hydrochloric acid prior to the transition of the solution of the solution into pink and fasten 2.5 ml of acid. The solution is heated to a boil and fill in one reception of 10 ml of the hot solution of barium chloride, stirred, the solution of 5-10 minutes is boiled in no less than 2 hours. The precipitate is filtered through a dense filter "Blue Ribbon" and washed 10 times with small portions of cold water Before removing chloride ions.

The porcelain crucible, pre-calcined to constant mass at a temperature of 800-850 ° C, placed a filter precipitate, dried, spray, avoiding filter ignition, and calcined in an open cigarette until the filter is completely burning, and then at 800-850 ° C at 800-850 ° C For 30-40 min.

After cooling in the desiccator, the crucible is weighed. The calcination is repeated until a constant mass.

In parallel with the analysis, the "deaf experience" is carried out (see Note to clause 12.2.1.4). The amount of barium t2 sulfate, found by "deaf experience", is subtracted from the mass of barium T1 sulfate, obtained when analyzing the sample.

12.3.5. Processing results

The permissible discrepancies between the results of two parallel analyzes are accepted by claim 12.2.1.5.

12.4. Determination of sulfide sulfur content

(27)

where x is the total content of sulfur in terms of SO3,%;

13.1. Essence of the method

Frost resistance of sand is determined by weight loss with sequential freezing and thawing.

13.2. Equipment

Freezer camera.

Drying cabinet.

Scales according to GOST 29329 or GOST 24104.

Sita with grids No. 1.25; 016 according to GOST 6613 and with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm.

Vessel for thawing samples.

Tissue bags of dense tissue with double walls.

Natures.

13.3. Preparation of trial

The laboratory sample is reduced to a mass of at least 1000 g, sieved on two sits: first with holes with a diameter of 5 mm and the second - with a grid No. 1.25 or 016, depending on the size of the material test, dried to a constant mass, after which two samples are taken Weighing 400 g.

13.4. Testing

Each hitch is placed in a bag that ensures the safety of grains is immersed in a water vessel for saturation for 48 hours. The bag with a hollow is taken out of the water and placed in the freezer, providing a gradual decrease in temperature to minus (20 ± 5) ° C.

Samples in the chamber with a mounted temperature minus (20 ± 5) ° C are withstanding 4 hours, after which the bags with hollows are removed, immersed in a water vessel having a temperature of 20 ° C, and withstand 2 hours.

After the required number of cycles of freezing and thawing the saccusion from the bag is poured onto the control sieve with the grid No. 1.25 or 016, thoroughly washing the remaining grains from the walls. The sandpaper, which is in the control sieve, washed, and the residue is dried to a constant mass.

13.5. Processing results

Loss of weight loss (PMZZ) in percent calculated by the formula

(28)

where t is the weight of the sample to the test, r;

t1 - Mass of the grains of the sample on the control sieve with the grid No. 1.25 or 016 after the test, G.

Reference

Scope of testing

The name and scope of tests are indicated in Table. five.

Table 5.

	Application area
Test name	Quality control at the manufacturer		Geological	Input control
	remote	periodic	intelligence service	at the consumer enterprise
1. Definition of grain composition and size module
2. Determination of clay content in lumps
3. Determination of dust and clay particles
4. Determination of the presence of organic impurities
5. Definition of mineral and petrographic composition
6. Definition of true density
7. Determination of bulk density and voidness
8. Definition of humidity
9. Determination of reactivity
10. Determination of sulfate and sulphide compounds
11. Definition of frost resistance of sand from crushing

Note. The "+" sign means that the test is carried out; Sign "-" - do not conduct.

1. Designed and introduced by the Ministry of Industry of Building Materials of the USSR

Performers

M. L. Nisnevich, Dr. Tehn. Sciences (head of the topic); N. S. Levkova, Cand. tehn sciences; E. I. Levin, Cand. tehn sciences; G. S. Zhurnsky, Cand. tehn sciences; L. I. Levin; V. N. Tarasova, Cand. tehn sciences; A. I. Polyakova; E. A. Antonov; L. V. Bereznitsky, Cand. tehn sciences; I. I. Kurbatov Kand. tehn sciences; G. P. Abyssova; M. F. Semizorov; T. A. Kochneva; A. V. Strelsky; V. I. Novators; V. A. Bogoslovsky; T. A. Fironova

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED RESOLUTION OF THE STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE OF THE USSR from 05.10.88 No. 203

3. Complies with ST SEV 5446-85, ST SEV 6317-88 (in terms of sampling and determining the grain composition)

4. Instead of GOST 8735-75 and GOST 25589-83

5. Reference regulatory and technical documents

	Point number, subparagraph
GOST 8.326-78
GOST 83-79
GOST 427-75
GOST 450-77	8.1.2; 8.2.2; 12.2.1.2
GOST 1277-75
GOST 1770-74
GOST 2184-77
GOST 2874-82.
GOST 3118-77	12.2.1.2; 12.3.2
GOST 3760-79
GOST 4108-72.
GOST 4159-79
GOST 4204-77
GOST 4220-75
GOST 4232-74
GOST 4328-77
GOST 4461-77
GOST 5072-79
GOST 6613-86	1.6, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2.2, 7.2, 12.2.1.2, 13.2
GOST 6709-72.
GOST 8269-87	2.3, 5.3.1, 5.4.1, 9.1.5, 11, 12.2.1.3
GOST 8736-93
GOST 9147-80	5.2.2, 8.2.2, 12.2.1.2
GOST 10163-76
GOST 22524-77
GOST 23732-79
GOST 23932-90.
GOST 24104-88	3.2, 4.2, 5.1.2, 5.2.2, 6.2, 7.2, 8.1.2, 8.2.2, 9.1.2, 10.2, 13.2
GOST 25336-82	8.1.2, 8.2.2, 12.2.1.2
GOST 25706-83
GOST 27068-86
GOST 29329-92.	3.2, 4.2, 5.1.2, 5.2.2, 6.2, 7.2, 8.1.2, 8.2.2, 9.1.2, 10.2, 13.2
TU 6-09-1706-82
TU 6-09-5169-84

6. Reprint (November 1997) with change No. 1, approved in June 1989 (IUS 11-89)

State Standard of the SSR Union

Sand for construction work

Test methods

GOST 8735-88

(ST SEV 5446-85)
ST SEV 6317-88

State Construction Committee of the USSR

State Standard of the SSR Union

Sand for construction work

Methodstest

Sand for Construction Work.
Testing Methods.

GOST 8735-88

(ST SEV 5446-85)
ST SEV 6317-88

Date of administration 01.07.89

Failure to comply with the standard is prosecuted by law.

1.1. The scope of sand test methods provided for by this standard is indicated in.

1.2. Samples are weighed with an error of 0.1% of the mass, if other instructions are not given in the standard.

1.4. The test results are calculated with an accuracy of the second decimal sign, unless other indications of the accuracy of the calculation are not given.

1.5. For the result of the test, the average arithmetic value of the parallel definitions provided for the corresponding method are taken.

Non-standard measuring instruments must undergo metrological certification in accordance with GOST 8.326-89.

(Modified edition. Change. No. 2).

2.1. When acceptable control at the enterprise, the manufacturer selects point samples, of which by mixing, one combined sample from replaceable products of each technological line is obtained.

To check the quality of sand, shipped directly into the career, point samples are taken in the process of loading in vehicles.

The speaker selection interval during manual selection can be increased if the manufacturer's enterprise produces stable quality products. To establish the permissible interval of sampling, the coefficient of variation of the values \u200b\u200bof the content of grains, passing through a sieve with grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles. To determine the coefficient of variation of these indicators during the shift every 15 min, point samples are taken in a mass of at least 2000. For each point sample, the content of grains passing through a sieve with grid No. 016, and the content of dust and clay particles determine. Then calculate the coefficients of the variation of these indicators in accordance with GOST 8269.0-97.

Depending on the obtained maximum value of the variation coefficient for two defined indicators, the following intervals of the selection of point samples are taken during the shift:

3 hours - with the ratio of variation of the indicator to 10%;

2 h "" »» »15%.

(Modified edition, change No. 2).

2.4. The mass of the point sample at the interval of sample sampling in 1 h should be at least 1500 g. With an increase in the sampling interval in accordance with p. The mass of the selected point sample should be increased at the interval in 2h - twice, at an interval of 3 hours - in four times.

2.7. For each test from the laboratory sample, the analytical sample is taken.

From the analytical sample, the samples are taken in accordance with the test method.

Selected samples are packaged in such a way that the mass and properties of materials do not change before testing.

Each sample is supplied with two labels with sample designation. One label is placed inside the package, the other - in the prominent place of the packaging.

During transportation, the preservation of packaging from mechanical damage and wetting should be preserved.

2.9. To test the quality of sand produced and laid by the hydromechanization method, the naming card is divided in terms of length (along the scale of the scale) into three parts.

From point samples by mixing, a combined sample is obtained, which is reduced to obtain a laboratory test according to p.

The sand quality is estimated separately for each part of the Namation map according to the tests of the test taken from it.

2.12. In geological intelligence, the sample is selected in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.1. Essence of the method

The grain composition is determined by residently sand on the standard set of SIT.

According to the results of the sifting, calculate: a private residue on each sieve ( but{!LANG-372e25f23b5a8ae33c7ba203412ace30!}{!LANG-de60c89a17202699a0b749010a6c7079!}

where {!LANG-c0b450f416c045b7d49a14aeee675c67!}{!LANG-480528c7a6068580dd305e1619d93f79!}

{!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-d12f0dca206fac14f8f3c328817e6848!}

{!LANG-2139dc2fe66ad30fed2bd4031f071917!} BUT{!LANG-372e25f23b5a8ae33c7ba203412ace30!}{!LANG-de60c89a17202699a0b749010a6c7079!}

where {!LANG-60b725f10c9c85c70d97880dfe8191b3!}2,5, {!LANG-60b725f10c9c85c70d97880dfe8191b3!}1,25, {!LANG-b2ff6033c3c07b5876e4587d950cedd9!}{!LANG-b80408eaa94fef6838afe36a578da89a!}

{!LANG-d7a3e82b1e5f1cc8847fd7bea2f3ed19!} {!LANG-c18eafc2a4a0a61edd295a631d5b843b!}{!LANG-6b1f2e7893483e29554edff6a0c74b74!}

(5)

where BUT2,5, BUT1,25,{!LANG-101273c4f4a77437e2059c5806e97cbe!}063, BUT0315, BUT{!LANG-49f98680c75247364d223ed0a5d082d1!}

{!LANG-52e1d7afedc62289f54656acda25e487!}

{!LANG-3152ed68bbf16bfc4316c14c8485d366!}

{!LANG-e9928568cdeaa5a4b24d5afb2f9500e0!}

Residues,% by weight, on sines

{!LANG-4894f9bfdc4fc46d56ae7f221b4dbefe!}
{!LANG-4b71e665da18bd29a1693a24a4b9fd54!}

0,16
(0,14)

but016(014)

BUT016(014)

Drying cabinet.

5.1.1. Essence of the method

Drying cabinet.

{!LANG-5c0aab1585900d46f7b30199be5efd4f!}

{!LANG-327c7fd1b0e5c5472e0c9e431ec43a13!}

5.1.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-1dcf22b69d6d73a41d39411f77125245!}

5.1.4. Testing

{!LANG-216b4afc5830594b3b358ae0f627b6ef!}

{!LANG-033b634c615d6e9e6e44b5140930e151!}

{!LANG-7c03dd11da38a34f44ecd7cb265fd882!}

{!LANG-9bd61702099815852bd525262d06b6cb!} t.1.

5.1.5. Processing results

(9)

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-51f89c16ba930ca54f458fa3532b71a3!}

m.{!LANG-2cc6aab72cdec1bffd336e621397de99!}

{!LANG-177dd300cc2b15e8809249da0a7f8332!}

Notes:

{!LANG-09283660b410703cf30767b85d39c41b!}

{!LANG-623933339511f2cce89560ab8bf7fe9f!} P{!LANG-526d70c5124a35a552258a1a8421f973!}

(10)

where t.{!LANG-93b60eb9a07238b7dbc0abf6b46b932a!}

t.{!LANG-6a1ab538b9dc8cb95d01e1934e11b012!}

W.{!LANG-2d051a26ec2ef18fde109e95f3473948!}

5.2.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-76ff933d6077aef1fa0e3b01e99b89fd!}

{!LANG-feabe86a7995aeeca208cc3ec2cdf95f!}

Drying cabinet.

{!LANG-b654ed3a924474669dffb80dae5f923d!}

{!LANG-4c8f580f028e27394039a177910d17d6!}

Funnel with a diameter of 150 mm.

{!LANG-c0dfb9907b1ee6ead5d32c89ff490c74!}

{!LANG-33030b93dd9fa7a66a92d479bf993197!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

5.2.3. Testing

{!LANG-77ef6f53bbf9de9e645688ba41425597!}

{!LANG-5966003d335288d49984877b39c6d513!}

{!LANG-99114a103fb0497692a50b76814a1de8!}

{!LANG-5d5c72f1ba59ec84587894b8829ad75c!}

{!LANG-a895d2b85c00254477d19b0833dd965e!}

{!LANG-63b4b8c1ff8ca4870f58df0cacdc8ca3!}

{!LANG-3413f15408952559c5a0b538d1cf7940!}

1 - {!LANG-5d882b4a51ab355a29705cab81d35649!} 2 - {!LANG-04fd6411a01e64209ed531c570e8725c!} 3 - {!LANG-9a39797faad780f7cdcdaa17ee29c1a9!} 4 - {!LANG-da30216ae9e25562a6713ea464c698e9!}

{!LANG-88e21a759c38129622cacbad0b9c1705!}

{!LANG-9bc9e11ab0480aaf545d4df4c949cec0!}

5.2.4. Processing results

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-7b1dd456361e5a74c846f7ec6f4a865a!}

t.1 - {!LANG-7653f5919f9f024b62c85febb58d0c0a!}

t.2 - {!LANG-8e7ac16b4f229f44733a2c7bae9ab837!}

{!LANG-8e98b5eaa7792fe83c069f567b8f756e!} P{!LANG-787e1b7cac47c96fd8b55cbd97a1880b!} {!LANG-8f1f2cd2ce023b4be683494327a947ae!}

(12)

{!LANG-141ed17705e04f859cfbe9190f32db75!} t.2{!LANG-f8fec8e17c0c34d8ce4553db269cd0c0!}{!LANG-ec427bf1c8064ce61dba7a9bbef2ffcc!}

(13)

where t.{!LANG-c4eac07045ee56aa9a1c368cee2ee1c8!}

t.{!LANG-2943365c4673383050a5e09aee1b4d66!}

{!LANG-632cdbe73d56501c6ca8fcb2f3bee19f!}

Result of determining the mass of precipitate t.2{!LANG-f8fec8e17c0c34d8ce4553db269cd0c0!}{!LANG-28e3e0d3d5f71c3dbc6262a36d2e1918!}

{!LANG-e983889cc1a51422248a834ad43e3280!}

{!LANG-791083e45e6c8215b029232b8016f461!}

{!LANG-01c1e9dc5d00bd79071a3d2159a6dce3!}

Bath water.

{!LANG-e6ece5fc79c7a9b855beb8a8e3ccb47b!}

{!LANG-239f6710959f6cad72f366d200013437!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

6.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-8f3ec206c371be33443638209fca761d!}

{!LANG-0efcf3c7f641693f2511bca67dfb8345!}

{!LANG-7a7bfd401e487246483a8e01dd99b113!}

6.4. Testing

{!LANG-d6c8ea72c1be96ca240be2548377622f!}

{!LANG-2a0874b644fc0ef405992f77196f9028!}

{!LANG-c73fb7f8c8d1eb857300f5ac61c172e6!}

{!LANG-11df3dfb959ecd5b38e6f6c212dbe52f!}

7.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-29b01cd5b7cae3187953e2028bcc8764!}

Drying cabinet.

{!LANG-d6a7625a4950f8f769df397402eebf74!}

{!LANG-e11c5235902ffe32e979885e7e56f0dd!}

Set of reagents.

Needle steel.

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

7.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-6b6e0660a084d4e70c62aca5051b9839!}

{!LANG-95aed43409ac043cdf08e23ac793ddb0!}

{!LANG-ed798963e340dd8e7b7afc7486e60f56!}

{!LANG-e30b0d5a6f75a4e5f003eb8c3be997cb!}

{!LANG-3423266dfad857047f1be9c88b7e203c!}

{!LANG-756bc8f810dc51f47fe3c147de5777fb!}

{!LANG-29d0bbceb8f1dee677d3977b0d4f69db!}

7.4. Testing

{!LANG-863b2aa69306efa5a7ca72cb01537c3c!}

{!LANG-5fcfb45a976c0ce546ae901f954cc77f!}

{!LANG-874ce9c7d27befba0fdbfc68a8db9aef!}

{!LANG-2e284e6ea22e5a06863618091ac17879!}

{!LANG-bf6e4c09f297e60f8402b61b05badf23!}

{!LANG-7cd8d9813cdc4b91ee66621b9fbb1cba!}

{!LANG-87958996d2d820477759e7e2a2129f6e!}

{!LANG-6134e419f7817a28e58a932867e167fe!}

{!LANG-0931f9a15bbeff48aa2d8530ab10ef6c!}

{!LANG-8fe0a7b38886831cb5582bedf8f07622!}

7.5. Processing results

{!LANG-ce6a4eca9e729b1e92920a6247f03fd9!} X.) as a percentage in the mood by the formula

where {!LANG-fe13119fb084fe8bbf5fe3ab7cc89b3b!} - {!LANG-91b90d6dc1acb649221d816eee5b2cb9!}

{!LANG-9634b2d8b12b17045537f3bb4d0390ee!}{!LANG-e42f4a53fab1e7b1bad716e6ab23e44e!}

8.1.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-27082a69e14d6ed03199f6e955232368!}

{!LANG-483c0825cf5f3f9a2a3a4dc14fbb67d0!}

{!LANG-895951829ecba77e5afd1176c6c4497a!}

Drying cabinet.

{!LANG-43a893a6ed9510468039184856b0c213!}

{!LANG-d90661c3d6b498df5f7bcef5b9ccf036!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

8.1.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-302e467505dc5acd86fba706e7b0a1f9!}

8.1.4. Testing

{!LANG-01bfa0ba9540ca0fce2595f2735f500d!}

{!LANG-82cb78aced73dfc8c185726618518619!}

8.1.5. Processing results

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-82b99a263612a197cd1e48bfcb49de77!}

t.1 - {!LANG-ddc8e6d240ba52e2dff5b39f4c7fb717!}

t.2 - {!LANG-97862626a2726c6e859d681fa9a47338!}

t.3 - {!LANG-3b3a2b2e16700643065cd6d2842fb458!}

{!LANG-bc0ce0533f6b845e15147b30daa6fe17!}

{!LANG-a27b3b0e264113a1c23be9c54599e102!}

Notes:

{!LANG-89de6af90ad58a9a1bc8fe79f09d7654!}

{!LANG-8014432c53b51ed0cb89f61d1b47e325!}

(16)

where {!LANG-1029076f56505eec52dbbe1f341df07c!}{!LANG-57d0272f03f4c2cc6a875e6cd0143cac!}

{!LANG-32391ee83224b1392b85f2a8ffba9cad!}

8.2.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-9b12130468d2e74eac47359fb3a818ab!}

{!LANG-999b581b51fb083756ed03c8f75a517e!}

{!LANG-895951829ecba77e5afd1176c6c4497a!}

Drying cabinet.

{!LANG-c01358ce6f78fe5de17ce6c3014ad9b5!}

{!LANG-3603fc233d6d4e5734b80e599cbf5bed!}

{!LANG-7b163e3820e3eb41e3cda39fa558df5a!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

8.2.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-bef85f57df2fbf0deec0419159c2fa5f!}

8.2.4. Testing

{!LANG-fd80c28910c829f26e01989f95a38d92!}

{!LANG-e8a21bd58ccc001e5d8ffac8ac25781e!}

{!LANG-75138770e13ae640ca6c8a82195d24a2!}

8.2.5. Processing results

The true density of sand (R) in g / cm3 is calculated by the formula

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-7b1dd456361e5a74c846f7ec6f4a865a!}

t.1 - {!LANG-c0907bed0b102a74532c2462ddab18c9!}

{!LANG-1029076f56505eec52dbbe1f341df07c!}{!LANG-3de2cf52d1ced2f15ca263120262a3d3!}

{!LANG-cc906f4f72abd5e2d80e715c66716a22!}

9.1.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-578f491323f7c2bb68bc3784047f6ff5!}

{!LANG-9ea3a441b38b6b54f0a8835dd21b9bea!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

9.1.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-b66091595daf1dc180ccf0be2b8997ae!}

{!LANG-58d78e754332961082699d611c95ff81!}

9.1.4. Testing

{!LANG-95e1c97feb6d9cf451a721bd5a97b898!}

{!LANG-8fb0915945cf4b8f7970de2e8ca80431!}

{!LANG-984fa14d567f0b59e5d3e5a984bf5390!}

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-af4d0cd5c09ec73f7c659a884433b9ad!}

t.{!LANG-9e8558024f54a7067d18703053b9d560!}

{!LANG-1029076f56505eec52dbbe1f341df07c!}{!LANG-35462feb8af8f3c424e2db9d3e7eee99!}

{!LANG-03aae672728f5c760792aa1b57fbd1c8!}

{!LANG-c78420490bbe9153e73851d233db6233!}

{!LANG-15ede8915ea503b07d3d3e60f217b733!}

{!LANG-0f0b6331a403e1e381844a8d95944b52!} V.{!LANG-bba3b2213f4a498c30b9a7693b0813d0!}

(19)

where {!LANG-72cfd272ace172fa35026445fbef9b03!}{!LANG-26ce6bc7ddff259e21dbb9b3f680aed9!}

{!LANG-72cfd272ace172fa35026445fbef9b03!}{!LANG-8562227950c4275655b582bbad60d290!}

10.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-75e6a174846de496376bc4552479a616!}

Drying cabinet.

Tray.

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

10.3. Testing

{!LANG-22d01b3e0131381558372e6db0d2df38!}

10.4. Processing results

{!LANG-49805ac17387e7745e4cea276e298d56!} W.{!LANG-77e659624246202500f38a06c7ee879e!}

(20)

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-e09bf8ce3981b2b7ea4f0f59cb42bbca!}

t.1 - {!LANG-9405130b37645236520e44b93601793b!}

{!LANG-00416764dc033099c9ccd12d9761b979!}

{!LANG-bb4503f5ad20abb2fdb0cb6f091ef348!}

{!LANG-4255a65dbacd636da554752b7814de8e!}

12.2.1.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-9480ada5050a34e547824e58753f2721!}

{!LANG-99f48a358146e179db0d557e9da68475!}

{!LANG-08610a6595316f47ed30b4e4cb659b37!}

{!LANG-44e8ede1eb45ace4c75a38dbefd4f082!}

{!LANG-caa2783ae8bb12e55bbcadbb19a701ee!}

{!LANG-895951829ecba77e5afd1176c6c4497a!}

Bath water.

{!LANG-69457d1aa0c3223e484d26b9a4b49706!}

{!LANG-880641878016a803292891bde96a8f5a!}

{!LANG-b29ff4ef96dc23edbf0960fad7a58189!}

{!LANG-0b82ab115bd7a5433b0919f482741343!}

{!LANG-21182b0ab3caaded3ff7bacd9a3bf237!}

{!LANG-11d8930ece962591d621efb4678a188b!}

{!LANG-3b7d7e12522028244f93b01e9e94f16b!}

{!LANG-413bfa2e4106918294527f1da9290ace!}

{!LANG-bc2289a318d02c93e043736f8880ecff!}

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

{!LANG-281fdefa29507283c8c05e67c0035acc!}

{!LANG-1e93faba58aabe2888239aaccfa8dad9!} t.{!LANG-392030cd21eaae07141da240bb4f38f5!}

{!LANG-a18a47afb940bac4e4e663afa5e45854!}

{!LANG-ad5b9858983927dbe4a70c11df92b0d0!}

{!LANG-94dd3efc9fbb5eec1039dcffff58e6d3!}

{!LANG-125b98f98887776508fad26b33a96183!} t.{!LANG-d84dfad662dd95c6ce9d8cf5cb598d73!} t.{!LANG-1f45389122171bfc065ceec336c46a87!}

{!LANG-471ecafdebaa2f3e1c717cc3d7b6ada8!}

where {!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-32df185442e34eb5fc6b357033d5427d!}

t.1 - {!LANG-1b2c63e1e13c629b9147ccb98fe8004e!}

t.2 - {!LANG-54d60272885fce219651048e48d37416!}

{!LANG-5b4208449f2793b7ca9dd783fc8d861a!}

{!LANG-6864ca62f4369660feb8d798c709f05f!} R{!LANG-058b796049d51656e7a11c45460fa51a!}

{!LANG-7cb53d169ddfa5cc36e5919a2b2dde89!}

	Permissible discrepancy, abs. %

St. 0.5 to 1.0

12.2.2.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-85f7dc7ba0e15f70277bafa6a3acc98c!}

{!LANG-0d6e8777d83e01c8ef3a51b380f4db53!}

{!LANG-6b8cd01015ca581a910a6588c1035fca!}

{!LANG-027ddc76c6933184626d36b22b4463ca!}

{!LANG-cd6e5e42d307057e5edab7305e442f24!}

{!LANG-dfdc4abea32b264178a1f89b41e24f80!}

{!LANG-6408d1e86216025c25c0a1f3a3999845!}

{!LANG-7fc3adcabcbb6dfc5a50cca38810d267!}

{!LANG-ed24319b34412e7ab891944d58fb9c94!}

{!LANG-eeed0b0827df50039fd9afe50803282f!}

{!LANG-3c7f18d565d2bb81cdfba02b5b18b576!}

(22)

{!LANG-6f7ec8e8a204562771f86970eae2c989!}

{!LANG-bc3a449f986a9e777ea17b98073c7940!}

{!LANG-1029076f56505eec52dbbe1f341df07c!}{!LANG-93acca6fd99c311f33a6b61aba563b69!}

{!LANG-609423e2a56aa89f0f65c1be97a05f48!}

{!LANG-f8260e0f1a563383dd0f34c206e07859!}

{!LANG-a9d9df564b59dd7025bfb336c049adc7!}

{!LANG-85d920bc5f6c1997bfd5d67f57cda966!}

{!LANG-7f9c9609d2835ad6d3e2629a1ab43156!}

{!LANG-c489cb5430331940bc924103e0838fad!}

{!LANG-65eb1b38a9424275814241b40de9cd3e!}

(23)

{!LANG-29f2844cbb02bd846a05da20bd7a8fe6!}

{!LANG-ff79b8d38859642a9ed18dfe40f63d1f!}

- {!LANG-1ceacbdf269185a2dc59d90af9098b2e!}

{!LANG-5daa80e021cd5bc5f147b67df63cb5da!}

12.2.2.5. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-c98c6dccfc46abb413c0fd0f71e6a0ad!}

{!LANG-6c4fd9236992ac8d6b97f24db0c73f03!}

{!LANG-0fe86ebaebf305500300c6dec02a88f8!} {!LANG-12e7c41d459d9cddf2c68ada208ad8da!}{!LANG-697a13404f2373835f4ca3c8b2866149!} {!LANG-12e7c41d459d9cddf2c68ada208ad8da!}{!LANG-77917dc7cc28acb2b57e742f1b0c00cf!} {!LANG-12e7c41d459d9cddf2c68ada208ad8da!}{!LANG-f23f6772f7676cfc8fea1db0c8d6385e!}

12.2.2.6. {!LANG-26fc285656fceba4c12cf9930c2547dd!}

{!LANG-c3ebf431873610104860c4acce2fbb74!}

{!LANG-45a348fba3c1b969e663cb9132ecc84e!}

1 - {!LANG-81fdffad362e0184bc7466223b589030!} 2 - {!LANG-3fb54424355f2c803e6abaeba49949d5!} 3 - {!LANG-69dd579ad9186b26ba9e4d3a912ef028!} 4 - {!LANG-8f3e849a736b4370884ac7a1f7a78bc0!} 5 {!LANG-d1b1c410f58cd6dd1446469d7908b9c4!} 6 - {!LANG-95a4e21e23704c6ffd21b4d7ae3efa78!} 7 {!LANG-433b2253e04b45df85db85978dcc578a!} 8 - {!LANG-7a985f6bdca9efbb37954396a1d086cd!} 9 {!LANG-2c0afd70f2c05e1236bd5239f803a0e1!} 10 - {!LANG-1431fe34fc82594ab0a8e4f76ea385fd!} {!LANG-001688103b3e2b78e5fa946b962da39b!}{!LANG-89863e5079d44f5f6e9da5d1726cf03a!} {!LANG-1b685566af24daac8c6dfebbc841c19c!}{!LANG-008b59dc6aaa52ce9fd56a5a3ede10e9!}

{!LANG-9309a3400409ef195dd1e715ae01de41!}

{!LANG-78e3eefe168e81ae9765b1d645fd85e6!}

{!LANG-a755d956309bb3c85a2a67c373b0cfd4!}

12.2.2.7. Processing results

(24)

where {!LANG-1029076f56505eec52dbbe1f341df07c!}{!LANG-9935bedfda11c041a56b2d1e33ee2a91!}

V.{!LANG-a290241f7d3109bc30c3182869c4c3d8!}

{!LANG-e31324ff9416a7b960105f6d0b003afc!}{!LANG-e844e7eaeb7cff5bfabd2a43f70abe52!}

{!LANG-1a08e2f895a51df120d14ae4855601cb!}

{!LANG-977187c477bc1b69f762ded0ebe5a648!}{!LANG-5ebfc9166a123db864e31ee3202df973!}

{!LANG-386d8f8a8fe62f5b2146fa75af8aff7e!}

{!LANG-3307db02c649c89f4ef73103d68c0b7a!}

{!LANG-f66f410c377d614c93b0ec722e3438b5!}

(26)

{!LANG-ff38d177a8d4b27534c5e95edea4c28e!}

{!LANG-d32990886610a198295368847516d16c!}

{!LANG-fb44879d9863a989272c5996fe4adb87!}{!LANG-4ed2cd5e5cd2d2a1bc110d910b49d89d!}

{!LANG-9a8e072a9f14e8f61fb93c5f39ea103d!}

{!LANG-af6d74343a72699e962e46e564daf515!}

{!LANG-161ecd9c7995e0d8a41c247cb0d2fbd1!}

{!LANG-6075672c8dbf0f42075e529aa53557d2!} R{!LANG-70a1b48b8dd14f80e1b41e3e00415f23!}

12.3.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-fcd8ff626262b2ab214ff345df3e6b1d!}

{!LANG-7fc151dc51aac037742b4014d437dfab!}

12.3.3. Preparation for the test

{!LANG-b02cc4805d86476bdefdcb5690f8ad44!}

12.3.4. Testing

{!LANG-32fa40bebaf35043605ac883ea3a4d45!} t.{!LANG-6f181836a1ee3e6054a206350037beed!}

{!LANG-e6c6edea0988dad0df744701b74dad61!}

{!LANG-399bbcd10756f7ac3caf5a06edec6cc4!}

{!LANG-3cced4cce205834e3cee66b096ee8649!}

{!LANG-0ff950316271b78eed26575d10971470!}

{!LANG-c1aeb3485d5261ee51fc6a1db2fa33a7!} t.{!LANG-d5229f0bb47ddce942095ee4c6cbb285!} t.{!LANG-5047dce4df0884dc2c3a1a9c1bfe16f8!}

{!LANG-48cd0516b0b24874a8bb3afad8ab9c30!}

where {!LANG-456bf70a872cda62038bb93759b746da!}{!LANG-e79a9285dae427acd0c2046147995f95!}

X.{!LANG-9ca67c5f196e21f2b5418737916e705e!}

13.1. Essence of the method

{!LANG-f968c7422575d41bd171f672d21b2acf!}

Freezer camera.

{!LANG-fb558ecd2a79c43823aca091d1dc297d!}

Vessel for thawing samples.

{!LANG-b43ee519f4a50c29b573ffc71ebfb375!}

Natures.

{!LANG-28b194552b463834f0f7876659fa86fd!}

13.3.{!LANG-eae96762adda160e06c67d1ee4670529!}

{!LANG-0e933a9179968679ea6a0fd82a798c5f!}

13.4.{!LANG-3a230a86be8ed111aa662ebf36f952d5!}

{!LANG-3bce0ed1d246049a38359cd4893070be!}

{!LANG-ea9f54f5b6528cbc0f50c0387d0615c6!}

{!LANG-1cb358cd5298cd16520510ea378088f0!}

{!LANG-13e050b9bf5b361145732e877919b51c!}01.07.89

{!LANG-bbdeb3aa2e1649ceef5b2b9373a23b3d!}

Residues,% by weight, on sines

Pass through

The name of the residue

sieve with a grid

% by weight

{!LANG-d392d1c58852b08ae905fa45b9f6210d!}

{!LANG-d235a99a93093b0991f62936dbf174c9!}

{!LANG-4be0380c1473d58871450b1a422fc83d!}

{!LANG-7238ae8e7d46df411c69ba6ca8af68b7!}

{!LANG-c3ca88d69a5d1812cf4d1671dbcb55b0!}

{!LANG-3316f5d682619849f80cc99e0ffe77e4!}

{!LANG-58e0fb3ba05f64fe98a7340f48dee6dd!}

{!LANG-aafb8938b27c4e5921e42489935e1682!}

{!LANG-c9bc206564953d72f547cdabd0baeeb4!}

{!LANG-7c2218ddea10d1af1cef9a410f02bd2f!}

{!LANG-e0049bc33907a19f4f2004cbf2f4e1c9!}

________________________________________________________________________________

{!LANG-b5aa28a92c8c294e9f9bb2be3511b35a!}{!LANG-4bfa4e3ec9bba8bf3ed167f1f8c0d23a!}

{!LANG-91e9b047fa94a786d58a570a4a76b7e9!}

{!LANG-0793e0bcc57a50e063ba2184f2d6ec8b!}

{!LANG-dba1446e95e698858d654a9bade14a3b!}

{!LANG-74e3145ad9f25edde36c241b1772f0c9!} 8735-88

{!LANG-08923964a4e183a29fb40f0114c3c47c!}

{!LANG-d353dd01ea2c08290d77e1e9f0adbb95!}

{!LANG-a75f6251b6d0dd7a407c3312b16356aa!}<98 5

{!LANG-f48f99dfaeac9d305e9bae04e423f7be!}

{!LANG-e2dcaa111905bd27397badd7681ad89f!}

{!LANG-9aa692a789babe9089a9bf6e6bfdf098!}

{!LANG-d353dd01ea2c08290d77e1e9f0adbb95!}

{!LANG-042aa596d854ac7cec24ef836ca9dee8!}

{!LANG-2e9dbf1ab818163f4c7c25a49e3b575e!}

4. Determination of clay content in lumps

{!LANG-bbecd0a8273979e56286e4644c6b7826!}

{!LANG-0fe3a979b71b8669de67fa973ad8ece4!}

{!LANG-bf0f76fcd3363e6e9959577cbc33cade!}

{!LANG-7ca78b5cec1a56c32a920804c08eea15!}

{!LANG-fb024894e9f563d5c0ef87bd71e57af4!}

{!LANG-04f175b0c3c9b783bc6ec9f8401e2dab!}

{!LANG-790119b6dfd84f26d15bcd48e7ec4f27!}

Table 4.

{!LANG-7f05e015ac8b544f44a1cc60d2519a99!}
{!LANG-e4820dd7157c3dd5f6690e3a33c3cd4a!}

{!LANG-65d81902447900a4fb2abcdde99bb7c0!}

{!LANG-60a6676f0290e390574c5d26a03dce70!}

{!LANG-2223fdb992a8404b707c7a6ff571a0f0!}

{!LANG-ae84fd6ce7de0e381339987e0d6c97a6!}

{!LANG-1b25304bdd3bb6ef20d0ed57c93863c4!}

{!LANG-ed5649bc5b723712cbb853b2a06e5ee3!}

{!LANG-fdf50204e1923d1c4701f69a2e2f5134!}

{!LANG-0e562a759fa64ebf96540cbb7dda26c7!}

State Standard of the SSR Union

{!LANG-9d18e71e73bcefc2eebe535358c5fd2a!}

{!LANG-2cc97ead67813a2af1da984d87a8d1c3!}

{!LANG-eef2bdf898d9c02d102f8f40902ca386!}

{!LANG-6697eb0403d00fe5a0c1398481342bdf!}

Failure to comply with the standard is prosecuted by law.

{!LANG-9b3cc931c8bb4b6ae5e370e152384caa!}

{!LANG-8ab0dfc290ba38d0ca22bab4b2dd4789!}

{!LANG-57d52fd40df17112cd867834a48c0687!}

{!LANG-689aacdddffc4bc071bbae466d2c779f!}

{!LANG-9195828d595dead5fdaca8c65f8e87b0!}

{!LANG-8a18ca75448e65fa81a9939056341b10!}

{!LANG-6ac2f5c4676608b4346d265f6ab945c2!}

{!LANG-e4f0d5b632a7e15534a3ce3db05715ad!}

{!LANG-1d2bad51a6b826e3fb15c56328990322!}

{!LANG-d353dd01ea2c08290d77e1e9f0adbb95!}

{!LANG-8eadc82cdecc1063620f780f91a48d99!}

{!LANG-7686c16eb1faf2206a4e91a7608f379c!}

{!LANG-e4ebcd6d21ee41e0155efa4cd3c52700!}

{!LANG-0ad28558090882a4c692e2319ccb69c8!}

{!LANG-1d5e1e4d67b8fdafb2f9b0ca8eaddcf4!}

{!LANG-abe478106f168a8f138fd875731d0e19!}

{!LANG-65a70537022cd65422431046e8f26210!}

{!LANG-00dce48269f1c38653a59f6d8dbccc32!}

{!LANG-653a6a7d1426317402b61ffdcbac8016!}

{!LANG-9bf6cd11729c0e1e55760974d30bb031!}

{!LANG-cfc471460944214e41bd66d2c7843dec!}

{!LANG-3c81e2536262d2c6debfe290dd552e37!}

{!LANG-e3756bfb0d83820a6e4148fa868bea00!}

{!LANG-381e9706e4df43541b3068ee5de3f560!}

{!LANG-d9ba896d60f010e8ef144b96f790351b!}

{!LANG-95d4a32e86fcf446a20b5e53bc611c3e!}

{!LANG-ae6ff68011458737b34bd2d001b9aa51!}

Table 1

{!LANG-c5094fc51ae0005774ed49672befe09a!}	{!LANG-e97c7eb4d3d5c8296b66baa94a45dcee!}
{!LANG-1c3a6b107fb83bc4d13405e85e384aa9!}
{!LANG-85f2c9b0550aebeb7f658b59766050b9!}
{!LANG-93eb466d8714a894ac0f9b70bf8d8083!}
{!LANG-81dd9789c23d03db5f5a3328451c93a3!}

{!LANG-bd165a22fcfd95dd614f4a98c3e211cf!}
{!LANG-b7fa7b531409e399f4ccdb6e271a4c7b!}	{!LANG-1b449ef2291159172f1c941ad884a775!}
{!LANG-aa01c1af3cff47fd5e0200129e4422fd!}	{!LANG-51370b98108727c09dcad42b36cec4cc!}
{!LANG-574d1fbcfacf02bb01e90aec394634a9!} {!LANG-11ab34114228a1fd24e8e2f7ec2e2544!}
{!LANG-9583f852d30a317537259a61b3d1689a!}
{!LANG-f113bbad7f0bd619824b1356d58760af!}
{!LANG-d6764ee1723f4fb719529abb215a110a!}
{!LANG-8c9678c6c31270297f9be339d60910c9!}

{!LANG-5d41fe3dd6b8dc63a94f0e901a393ab9!}

{!LANG-fb62920ab939c1ab7499300a4bab0a19!}

{!LANG-57f583b451206fa3370870b3546aea5e!}

{!LANG-55e4f910324cd07836a90b4590227d2e!}

{!LANG-d991064f3e435d853b90cfae2b9da0a5!}

{!LANG-9763568e061ce0ced2dd11b7f9a3035d!}

{!LANG-6666a16b51851cc08acfae8997f1cec8!}

{!LANG-3dc4835957f99f0edbda5e36f8706131!}

{!LANG-b40606b4fec10846530bad7a109c5c6b!}

{!LANG-ce2815a35d00050560086528dab9ddee!}

{!LANG-3b2e4cbb3d784d622bda745f1923ee45!}

{!LANG-d97289189651eef16af611e32c08bfc9!}

{!LANG-5bd145fb001f6007ac1a9552475d07f4!}

{!LANG-3878f2ac31d75c88703984722d758626!}

table 2

	Application area
{!LANG-c5094fc51ae0005774ed49672befe09a!}	{!LANG-fb07d60787bece0f9ed8b462fc28dcbc!} {!LANG-bb388334627f1e9c338260b55d025698!}	{!LANG-f2b1e201720dc2928a69d4bedfc06e99!} periodic	{!LANG-62345db3686cd89c2387c57f9aa2e538!}
{!LANG-b4ef264a707f41509b059cc6dc22d8eb!}
{!LANG-c4d073d8a1ac90034d9ca1d8b11159dc!}
{!LANG-50fa845a73b3238a62e9751972774bfb!}
{!LANG-1dbac404c4dcc185727273fefc1c2fbc!}

{!LANG-64115d52eea8e6646a068fc3574bb5ce!}
{!LANG-c71503d0970ed6ccaab0c978c5f0a6de!}
{!LANG-591c80e08e44dcfde1896312178db573!}
{!LANG-ddc362afabafade7d8986da52654a2d7!} {!LANG-26992385c070be4c5d1bc85dde5845fe!}
{!LANG-6a236396e91ead2101bb9052831712e4!} {!LANG-799570c1b3d083363a384f92a7a34655!} {!LANG-b9abe60cd309d8c56d2a129cdfd1c64f!}
{!LANG-aa01c1af3cff47fd5e0200129e4422fd!}
{!LANG-0a9c027ae7b2c40bb80bee27ddfd8c87!}
{!LANG-a87cef1cee3f9f9d302fd75060d0b5db!}
{!LANG-7f296b112960593451958f585d1d715f!}
{!LANG-a5437f9ba94644158283473749ac77a2!}
{!LANG-74af4544a6bb01bbd88152c90ee736eb!}
{!LANG-8ea115de73a004335a6bb690a368a1aa!} {!LANG-862d7dd6937563cc3e076c9f14aab027!} {!LANG-fb65013e10c50ff069aad104bbf57c46!}
{!LANG-6edc2127850f8c1aca3d5d2179c33f17!}

{!LANG-11d4a091196137aded9debb6eddf3d1c!}

{!LANG-117f21a2b41e28cbe10e8aa337265f25!}

{!LANG-5030e87b95a42daf9503f579e0d2ba89!}

{!LANG-be1e0998bdf980cb7a512c3c168854be!}

{!LANG-4eeb376bf92e4f70e858c00ec43d4942!}

{!LANG-398fd3cc33476dc7cc82900f2c1da31c!}

{!LANG-bd401883a821376eef7413352e8e7322!}

{!LANG-974eb923ca2db1a034b2c796ec8a65fb!}

{!LANG-4b0d82a7db816384641866f1eccc74fa!}

{!LANG-6c1199bea926a2d499e33179bfef8cd3!}

{!LANG-be348559b514010d19eeb503ebe69981!}

{!LANG-e9b28ecdfe98a57fff47b62b55623de9!}

{!LANG-9a51e645bc30937ff76ef6567d29668c!}

{!LANG-ccc5e55a48291477502fb2a33c11c4a6!}

{!LANG-8f4b03d88673aba46a5a5ead2318b214!}

{!LANG-ec6f893b25678dc440e3a03eeac5b76d!}

{!LANG-af02eb78f579e42c0f24ab6ec4064dd5!}

{!LANG-7cba6a29b3b75a7c586a7bd74ba6aafb!}

{!LANG-dfc3e89bd43426baa190b7e001bedaab!}

{!LANG-6644e21779913ff3730a03e42837f4ab!}

{!LANG-ac0781552f10347375a82d5c856da112!}

{!LANG-b2f60b43d34cf5db9006d8f18f1c22d2!}

{!LANG-7719bea342dee442301ed091e2c79b77!}

{!LANG-ad7a710cdabf42163200e12d69b4d571!}

{!LANG-cb9647b35bee84d245ad5ed0839e68ee!}

{!LANG-19b8859fe475775df58753d37c3264e3!}

{!LANG-066bbd78cd4af7ba9cab3e4d063c176b!}

{!LANG-a6f269fc9b4025f531682387f4c83b3a!}

{!LANG-8ba25d2221785fc7f4da9b890bbffc9d!}

{!LANG-03e0efd4ce96619277ac35ac86baec1a!}

{!LANG-faf1b3ca34ba6b6ef08bcb9badb3689c!}