What insulation is better to choose for the floor in a wooden house? Which insulation for the floor is better: the characteristics of the ceramzite, mineral wool, glass gambles, polystyrene foam, foam plastic What heat insulation to choose for the floor

Heat loss, especially in winter, adversely affects the health of residents of the apartment. 30% of heat leaves through the slots in window and doorways, and 20% is lost through the floors preferably on the first floor, where the heated room comes into contact with the soil, if there is no heat-insulating layer. The insulation for the floor makes your life more comfortable: you can walk at the floor by barefoot at any time, without fear of catching cold. Heat in the apartment is preserved due to heat insulation. The question arises: "On what insulation of the floor to stop your choice?"

Today we will tell you about what kinds of gender insulation exist, what are their advantages and disadvantages. We will introduce you to the criteria for choosing the heat-insulating layer, let's notify which heaters are better to maintain heat in the house, and how to lay it properly in one or another room.

Criteria for selecting insulation for floors

To properly select the floor insulation material, you should pay attention to the following criteria.

The insulation must be:

Types of insulation for floors

To properly choose the heat-insulating material, you need to know which types of industry offers, and what are their advantages and disadvantages.

There are several types of insulation:

mineral;
polymer;
wood-chip.

Ceramzit

Ceramzite-burned clay in granules.

Despite his merits, there are also small flaws.

Ceramzite will dry long, slowly breaks up with absorbed moisture. Ceramzite forms dust, so when working with it you need to wear a respirator.

The rest of the ceramzite-comfortable and high-quality insulation. The walls, floors, roofs of houses insulate the walls.

Polymer insulation houses

These include:

polystyrene foam foam;
polyurethane foam;
foamed polyethylene on a foil basis;
foosen-liquid foam.

Polystyrene foam

One of the polymer floor insulation is polystyrene foam. This is a foamed plastic mass. Consists of individual cells, pellets.

This is a solid material that, despite its light weight, can withstand high loads.
Due to the low weight, the foam itself creates a minimum load on the walls and the foundation.
It is moisture resistant, so it can be used in places with high humidity on the balcony.
The foam saves heat for a long time, almost without absorbing it. It exceeds many insulation in terms of thermal insulation.
When insulating floors, you can do with a small thickness of foam.
The price of polystyrene foam is low, which is an important advantage of this material and attracts the attention of buyers.

An important disadvantage of foam is that during burning it highlights harmful substances that are poisonous and dangerous.

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam

Extruded polystyrene foam differs from polystyrene foam in the method of manufacture and characteristics. Polyfoam is obtained by exposure to water vapor granules. At high temperature, cells increase in size and fill the entire form. A foamed element is added to the extruded expanded polystyrene at elevated pressure and temperature, which is extruded through an extruder.

The thermal insulation properties of the extruded polystyrene are much better than conventional foam. But the extruded polystyrene foam is lower permeability. Another disadvantage is high flammability.

Foamed polyethylene on a foil basis

Foamed polyethylene on a foil basis is one of the best floor insulation. It is obtained by melting in a special container of polyethylene with the addition of liquefied gas, which acts as a foamed reagent. On one side of the foamed polyethylene, a foil film is applied, which reflects heat. Foil polyethylene comes in rolls, sheets, plates.

Cellular cells contributes to high hygroscopicity. Waterproof material allows you to warm the floors and walls in the baths, saunas.
The material of the elastic and elastic is durable: it can withstand a significant load, not deformed.
Acne, alkalis, gasoline and other petroleum products do not affect polyethylene.
Laying foil polyethylene is easy and simply manually, because it weighs little and quite thin. Foilized insulation is arranged in such a way that reflects heat back to the room. It does not transmit heat into the external environment. Therefore, it should be placed on the reflective side up.

Penosop

Foosen-liquid foam.

It is good because it is poured into all the gaps and hard-to-reach places.

The insulation is especially necessary during the construction of the house, because it fills all the air emptiness and that retains heat.

Polyurene Foolder

Polyurethane foam is one of the best insulation of the floor of modernity.

To tree-shaped insulation belongs:

plywood;
cellulose wool;
sawdust.

Ekwata.

Equodata-loose material from cellulose. It is poured automatically or manually, closing the most hard-to-reach places. Wat is falling asleep in special pumps, and in thick pipes it passes into the room. Equata is not liquid.

The disadvantage of Eco-out is its fear of moisture, so it is not recommended to use this material in premises with excessive humidity.

Sawdust materials

The sawdust for insulation themselves is not used because they do not meet the requirements of fire safety. Mainly for insulation use:

sawdust pellets;
arbolit;
wood blocks.

Wood blocks are sawdust with the addition of copper sulfate and cement.

Speeding granules are obtained by adding antiseptics to them, due to which they are resistant to the appearance of microorganisms. Speeding granules have low thermal conductivity, high sound insulation properties.

Arbolit-trees. He is fire-resistant. It has increased strength, can quickly restore its shape after excessive loads. Excellent absorbs sound waves, keeps warm.

The disadvantage of it is low moisture resistance. If you want to make a heater from arbolit, then humidity in the apartment should not exceed 75%. On top of Arbolita, a finishing protective layer should be laid.

One of the popular insulation is bung. This is the best insulation under linoleum, but also the most expensive. The cork fiber is obtained by processing oak wood. The wood is crushed, the particles are glued with a suberin, which is part of oak. They are processed by steam and pressed, forming cork fiber. The material is completely natural, it does not include any polymer additives. The material is durable, moisture-resistant, light. Due to its structure (consists of cells, each of which is filled with a gaseous substance) is considered to be the best thermal insulator.

Cork fiber can be used as a substrate and as an independent floor covering.

How to lay insulation on the floor

Different insulation needs to be laid differently.

Mineral wool is laid between lags. But it is necessary to make a thicker glass gamble, so that with her wear, dust did not get into the apartment. It is very important to leave the ventilation gap.

Staying Ekwata

Equodata laying is mechanically or manually. The hose passes small eco particles, and the air operator sends the material with glue added to it onto the wall or floor. Adhesive. Particles are equated and create a thermal insulation layer. On the floor wool is superimposed by hand, both liquid and dry way. She just falls asleep between lags. The vapor insulation membrane is placed on top, and then wooden floors. The price of evaplation is evaporated together with the work-2200 per cube with a dry way and 2,800 wet.

Laying Keramzita

There are 3 options for laying such a heater as clay:

First you need to fit the floor, remove the construction trash. You need to lay a PVC film or a special vapor insulation layer. Mark the screed level. Then glue the edge tape width 10 cm in order to leave the gap from the walls. Fall off the floor with a clay, align the rule, fill with a screed top. You can separate the screed with a waterproofing layer;

Laying foaming

The polystyrene foam is laid, and then poured cement or concrete. This is a floating screed.

Lags are put under the wooden floors, and the foam is stacked between them.

The third way of laying foams is hesitated to the concrete floor, and on top of them lists of plywood.

Polyurethane foam application technology

First you need to prepare the basis: remove the garbage. The irregularities of the base when laying polyurethane foam does not matter. The main thing is that there are no oil spots on the surface, otherwise there will be no reliable adhesion of the insulation with the base. You should pay attention to the humidity of the floor, it should not exceed 5%. Air temperature must be maintained at least +10 degrees. Polyurethane foam is applied through a special nozzle. Components A and in mixed and spray. The material must be evenly distributed using special equipment on the surface of the base. The specialist himself regulates the thickness of the polyurethane foam layer. Dries insulation for 24-48 hours. If the insulation is laid between wooden lags, then after drying the material you can do the installation of the finish coating. If the polyurethane foam is placed on a concrete base, then it is necessary to pour the cement-sand tie, which will protect the thermal insulation layer.

Today we told you about floor insulation. We revealed the advantages of each of them, reported on the peculiarities of their laying. And which one is better to choose to you. We hope you make the right choice.

September 7, 2016
Specialization: Capital construction work (bookmark the foundation, construction of walls, roof design, etc.). Domestic construction work (laying internal communications, roughing and finishing). Hobbies: Mobile communications, high technology, computer equipment, programming.

A very important role in improving the energy efficiency of the housing is playing insulation for gender. Especially if you are going to equip the flooring system of the floor covering flexible self-regulating cable or hot water pipes. After all, the better the thermal insulation layer will work, the more thermal energy goes on the heated room, and not the slab of the overlap.

Today I will tell about the various types of thermal insulation materials and prompt which to use the insulation for the floor. The instruction set out below will provide considerable help to homemade masters that are going to carry out insulation with their own hands.

The role of the heat insulating layer for the floor

To achieve comfortable conditions for people living, it is necessary that the air temperature in the room is the same throughout the latter. And according to physical laws, warm air masses rise to the ceiling, that is, cold zones appear in the area of \u200b\u200bthe floor. Moreover, regardless of whether the floor is performed on the slab of the overlap or the design of the soil occurs.

Sometimes the temperature difference in the upper and lower part of the room is very significant. To avoid this, one or another floor insulation is used. And for greater efficiency, water or electric heating of floor coatings is additionally mounted.

Requirements for insulation used

I will immediately say that when choosing heat-insulating materials it is especially important to choose the right insulation for warm water floors. It is these operating conditions that are the most difficult that it often leads to a reduction in the service life of thermal insulators, damage slabs, breakdowns of heating systems, and so on.

I made a small table in which I specified the most important requirements that the insulation must match under the warm floor:

Characteristic	Description
Strength	The material used must be strong enough to withstand the load from the heating used (pipe filled with water), finishing material (ties), installed furniture and moving people.
Heat resistance	The thermal insulation must maintain its original size regardless of temperature fluctuations. That is, when the heating system is turned on, the width, thickness and length of the elements of the insulation layer should not increase.
Resistance to aggressive environment	The insulation you choose should well transfer contact with other building materials (in particular, cement solution), which are commonly used to improve the floor. In addition, the heat insulator should not be destroyed under the action of aggressive compounds.
Low thermal conductivity	From the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the insulation, its thickness under the warm floor depends on the coefficient. Thin, but the hard thermal insulation layer will allow you to maintain a greater distance between the floor and the ceiling.
Hydrophobity	The insulation must protect the heating system and the residential premises itself from entering the moisture. In addition, the heat insulator itself should not change its technical characteristics (in particular, thermal conductivity) during wetting.

Additionally, I note that the insulation for water underfloor and floor coatings with electric heating is perfect and for thermal insulation of ordinary floors. Because if the material is withstanding operation in extreme conditions, it will greatly cope with the tasks and in all other cases.

Varieties of thermal insulation materials

Well, now close to the question of which insulation is better for the floor. Here you need to choose from the most important operational properties. I have already made part of you for you and picked up several of the most interesting options that reflected in the scheme:

Well, now about each of them in more detail.

Ceramzit

This natural insulation is a bulk mineral material obtained from natural clay by firing in ovens at high temperatures. As a result of such treatment, the surface of individual clay pieces is melted and becomes smooth.

Gases secreted from raw materials in the firing process are formed inside individual granules a porous structure, due to which the ceramizite acquires high thermal insulation properties.

Despite the high porosity, the insulation considered is quite sufficient strength. Ceramzite can be used as a mineral aggregate in concrete, solutions for the formation of wall blocks and in the form of a submet to the cement screed during floor arrangement.

I myself have repeatedly performed a dry, semi-dry and wet insulated screed using clay. As a result, it turns out a fairly reliable and solid floor, which can be installed with water or cables of the electrical heating system.

To facilitate work with the material on sale there are three types of its varieties:

Gravel.Classic insulation with oval or round granules. The material has a red-brown shade. It is this option that I recommend to apply when the insulation of the insulation layer for the floor.

Crushed stone. Ceramzit, separate particles of which have quite large sizes. This type of insulation is formed by splitting large stones into smaller, as a result of which pebbles are formed with sharp edges. This material is more suitable as a mineral additive to low thermal conductivity concrete.

Opening or sand. Very small ceramzite, which is formed during the firing or splitting of the ceramus of the two previous varieties. For insulation, it is not suitable, used as decorative material in aquariums and to filter liquids.

To figure out how effective insulation is clay, I will focus on the description of some of its technical specifications:

The composition of the fraction.You can see three varieties of material: with the fraction size up to 10, up to 20 and to 40 mm. There is also a material with smaller particles, but it is not suitable for construction.

For insulation, I advise you to use clamzite, which is a mixture of fractions of all sizes - from 5 to 40 mm. In this case, empties inside the insulation layer of the floor will be filled as close as possible and you can not be afraid of the appearance of failures during operation.

In addition, a dense beep reduces air convection, which is known to reduce the insulation of the material used.

Density.According to GOST at number 9759-90, seven density values \u200b\u200bfrom 250 to 600 kg per cubic meter are installed. There is a more dense clay, but it is only available on request for specific applications.

It should be borne in mind that the bulk density of the material will be 2 times less, since regardless of the quality of the tamping between individual granules of the clamping will still be intervals.

The specific brand of the insulation must be determined after the heat transfer calculations. After all, the density of the material is directly proportional to the strength, but inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity. And it is important to find a gold middle between these two parameters. In my work, use brand 300 or 400 graams.

Strength.According to this parameter, 13 brands of clay crushes and 11 brands of clay gravel are distinguished, which are determined by squeezing the material in the cylinder.

The strength of both types of material of one brand varies and this should be considered when purchasing. For example, gravel P100 withstands the load at a compression of 2.5 MPa, and rubble - not more than 1.6.

Seal coefficient.The parameter showing the change in the volume of material as a result of sealing when transporting and storing the clay mass.

The seal coefficient for clay is 1.15. This means that if you need 2 cubic meters of gravel for floor insulation, it is necessary to buy 2x1.15 \u003d 2.3 m3 of the material. Additionally, I note that the ceramzite in bags is sold already compacted and the amendment is applied there.

Thermal conductivity.It is from this parameter that depends on which thickness should be a warming layer used when installing the floor (including heated). The accurate value of λ for clamzite is between 0.1 to 0.18 W / (M * K) and depends on the density.

Usually, for high-quality insulation of the surface, it is necessary to pour a layer of a 10-20 cm thick ceramisite.

Water absorption.Because of its high porosity and the presence of a large number of gaps, the insulation of the ceramzite layer absorbs a considerable amount of moisture. The water absorption coefficient (as well as several other parameters) depends on the density and is equal to 8 to 20% of its own volume.

From a consumer point of view, this means that thermal insulation must be carefully protected from moisture using waterproofing membranes. Especially if we are talking about a bathroom (about how to put a grainsuit under a dry tie in the sanitary room, I wrote in one of my articles on this blog).

Soundproofing.Like other thermal insulation materials with an open structure, clamzite is able to absorb sound waves of both air and structural origin.

This clamzite property is widely used in the arrangement of inter-storey floors in residential areas from wood. The material falls asleep between the lags of the overlap and does not miss the noise between the floors.

Despite the large number of advantages, the ceramzite has several minuses:

High leaning to dust formation. In case of inside the room, the clamping frustration forms a large amount of dust, which is dangerous for human respiratory organs. To avoid negative consequences, I recommend using the respirator.
Long drying of wet clay. In order to be insulated with the help of this material, the humidity of the air remained within the normal range, the thermal insulation layer must be protected by steam and hydraulic protection membranes.

Despite the disadvantages, I still recommend using a ceramzite for thermal insulation, if only because it is the cheapest material from the article described in the article. The price per bag of clamzite ranges from 60 to 100 rubles or about 1300 rubles per cubic meter of the Rosych.

But the most environmentally friendly speech will go in the next section.

Bung

Cork insulation - thermal insulation material from cork pieces of cork tree. It form multilayer plates that contain a minimum solid and maximum aircraft. Thanks to the last cork slabs and get a low thermal conductivity coefficient.

Immediately I can say that I really like this insulation as a material for increasing the heat resistance of the floor. This contributes to many advantages of traffic jams:

has a very low thermal conductivity coefficient (depending on the type of cork agglomerate);
prevents moisture condensation on insulated enclosing surfaces;
has a high sound absorption coefficient, protecting residential rooms from noise of air and shock origin;
is not an electric current conductor;
due to its natural origin, it does not harm human health;
retains its initial technical characteristics and operational properties, regardless of the level of humidity, temperature fluctuations of air and other external factors;
is chemically neutral, not destroyed by the action of aggressive liquids and gases;
has antiseptic properties, the mold does not multiply on its surface and the fungus does not appear, the cork does not bite the mouse and insects;
it has fire protection properties, it is badly flammable, does not contribute to the spread of the flame and does not emit poisonous combustion products into the air.

The above set of properties makes a plug just excellent material for the heat insulation of the floor, including under the heating system. In addition, the agglomerate from the cork bark can be used for thermal insulation of walls, inter-storey floors, roofs. The appearance of cork slabs is so good that they do not require additional decorative finishes.

There are two varieties insulation on sale:

white agglomerate;
black cork agglomerate.

White is more suitable for decorative decoration finishing, although no one bothers it to use as an additional insulation layer. The exact specifications of the material are presented in the table:

White cork agglomerate is available in the plates of the following dimensions:

91.5 by 61 cm;
93.5 by 64 cm.

Plate thickness varies from 1 mm to 50 cm. Thin are used exclusively for decorating rooms, thick - for the heat insulation of the floor and other surfaces.

Black cork agglomerate is made of pieces of cork cork. Raw materials are crushed, heats up and presses in the stove. In the production process, synthetic materials are not used. To glue the agglomerate used suberin - a substance located in the covered part of the crust.

The exact technical characteristics of the black cork agglomerate are presented in the table:

Cork insulation is well tolerating sharp temperature fluctuations and does not change its technical characteristics during operation.

For insulation of floors, including heated, a black cork agglomerate is not bad, produced in the form of separate sheets with dimensions of 100 per 50 cm and thickness from 1 to 32 cm.

But I advise you to pay attention to the plug in rolls. The thickness of the insulation in this case ranges from 2 to 6 mm, the width is 1 meter, and the length is up to 10 meters. The thermal insulation effect of this material is difficult to overestimate. The three-millimeter tube layer replaces 4 cm mineral wool or 150 cm of reinforced concrete slab.

A big minus of such a solution is a very high cost. The square meter of a 1 cm thickness is 640 rubles, and if you take a thicker - the price increases to 1800. More accurate parameters are listed in the table.

Polyethylene foamed

Another type of insulation that is suitable for insulation of floor coatings (heated and without) is a cellular foamed polyethylene with an aluminum foil heat-reflecting layer. The polymer with cells has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, and the metallized layer reflects on almost all (up to 98%) thermal energy produced by the floor heating system.

As a result, the pipes or electrical cables warm the slab overlap or ground under the house, but the room in which people live.

There are insulation with one or two metallized surfaces. To work, I recommend using a heater with one aluminum layer, which when laying unfolds inside the room (for example, the foofol type A). Some varieties of the material under consideration have a markup on a foil, which makes it easier for laying pipes or cables.

The material is sold in the form of rolls with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm. Foamed polyethylene can be used as an independent insulation or paired with traditional thermal insulating materials - mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam and so on.

I will focus on a more detailed description of some technical characteristics of this insulation:

Thermal conductivity.The coefficient of thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene is 0.049 W / (M * K), but its use does not greatly increase the heat resistance of the floor due to a small thickness of the insulation layer.

Nevertheless, the efficiency of the material is much higher than it may seem at first glance. This is connected with the presence of a heat transfer layer. It reflects infrared rays, thanks to which the air is heated in the room. As a result, the final heat transfer resistance of the floor is 1.2-1.23 W / (M2 * K).

In other words, a layer of foil foam polyethylene with a thickness of 4 mm is as efficient and a layer of mineral wool with a thickness of 8 cm.

Gigroscopicity.Unlike plug and clay, foamed polyethylene has a closed cellular structure, so absolutely does not absorb water. Moreover, this parameter does not depend on the time of year or temperature oscillations.

Folgized foamed polyethylene can be used for heat insulation under the heating system (water or electric) without the use of additional waterproofing membranes. It is enough to seal the substrate with a sticky tape.

Sound insulation properties.The insulation of class A (with a foil glued to one side of the material) is capable of effectively absorb sound waves with a capacity of up to 32 dB.

The greatest efficiency foamed polyethylene differs in frame structures when laying it on the floors performed by lags. Like a plug, this material is capable of absorbing both structural, and air noises.

Parry permeability.Aluminum foil, glued on a layer of polyethylene foamed, makes the insulation in question absolutely playproof. The parry permeability ratio does not exceed 0.001 mg / (m * h * pa).

Due to this, the insulation can be used as a vapor insulation membrane. If you put it on the floor on top of the mineral wool layer, you can not be fear of moisturizing with the last water vapor, resulting from the vital activity of people.

Fire safety.Foamed polyethylene refers to the category of building materials, which are difficult to ignite and do not support combustion. Therefore, it can be calmly laid electrical, without fear of burning the insulation layer as a result of a short circuit.

With direct contact with the flame, cellular polyethylene melts, highlighting water and carbon dioxide, which are harmless to humans and do not make it difficult to evacuate people from residential premises.

Life time.The polymer from which foamed polyethylene is made is able to maintain its initial operational properties for at least 200 years. It is much more, the topics even the most stringent construction standards.
The exact specifications of the foamed polyethylene insulation depend on the material producer. I will indicate them on the example of the material of the brand of foamophole, foil by aluminum on the one hand.

The cost of the roll of the foam type and a length of 15 m, a width of 1.2 meters and a thickness of 10 mm is about 1400 rubles per piece.

Foil foam

Another insulation, which is specifically designed for insulation of heated floors (and not used for thermal insulation of ordinary floors) - foil foam. For its manufacture, a block polystyrene was used with a density of 20 kg per cubic meter, which corresponds to the PN-B-2013 standard.

The thickness of this material varies from 2 to 10 cm. To increase the efficiency of the foam operation on its surface, a multilayer polymer film is pasted on its surface, which contains inside the metallized layer, which plays the role of the heat screen.

The protective film on the surface is placed in such a way as to appear for the edge of foam plates for a distance of 5 cm. Thanks to this, the adhesion of the heating mats are made of the blast, creating hermetic and moisture-resistant bases for laying pipes or heating cables. In addition, the polymer film prevents the flow of the liquid component when filling the cement screed and provides high-quality dehydration of the solution.

For the convenience of mounting on the surface of the film, a markup is applied in the form of squares with a side of 5 cm, which facilitate the placement of pipes at the desired distance from each other.

Briefly tell about the most important technical characteristics of foam mats with a metallized layer:

Structural stability. Polyfoam retains all the initial physical and chemical properties when laying, pouring concrete solution and further operation. The insulation can be operated at a temperature of - 180- to + 180 degrees Celsius.
High sound insulation properties.Heatel under the warm floors perfectly isolates the room from structural noise transmitted through the overlap. In other words, the inhabitants of the lower floor will not suffer from the root, published by the tenants, located on top.
Chemical stability.Polyfoam perfectly transfers the effect of an alkaline medium characteristic of a mortar with cement binders. Therefore, it is often used in the arrangement of insulated heated floors, which are then aligned by the "wet" screed method.
Antiseptic. The insulation is biologically neutral, a mold fungus does not appear on its surface, which cannot be powered by styrene. This is very important, since the high temperature when the heating system is enabled, it creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms.
Gigroscopicity. The block foam with the heat transfer layer is distinguished by a high coefficient of moisture resistance. The insulation does not absorb moisture, does not swell and does not dissolve regardless of the level of humidity.
Strength. Despite a small density, the material is characterized by high deformation strength. The static and dynamic load, rendered to the floor, will not lead to its destruction and disruption of the integrity of pipes or electrical cables.

Summary

Unfortunately, I can not say which is better thermal insulation material for the insulation of the floor covering. But relying on the technical parameters presented above, you can make a fully conscious choice. If you need a council on how to lay, for example, a bulk insulation, see the video in this article, where the corresponding technology is described in detail.

Its options for which insulation for the floor is better to use in private construction, as well as advice, questions and wishes, you can leave in the comments below.

September 7, 2016.

If you want to express your gratitude, add clarification or objection to ask the author - add a comment or tell me thanks!

For many of our fellow citizens, the question remains up to date, how to warm the floor in a private house. In our article, you will get acquainted with the need to apply insulation, the advantages and disadvantages of various thermal insulation materials, pay special attention to insulation technology.

When you need to warm the floor

Many are well aware that the floor covering is covered by a significant utility area not only a particular room, but also the whole building. In this regard, with systemic heat exchange, a large amount of heat goes into the surrounding space through the floors. Take, for example, not insulated concrete base. Many know that such material has high rates of strength and durability, but by itself it is dense, which means cold. High-quality floor insulation will help to increase the efficiency of the construction under consideration.

According to experts, the cold coating creates uncomfortable conditions for people's stay. This is especially true of apartments located on the floor. In this case, the bottom of the residential premises is located a unheated basement. The temperature difference leads to the formation of dampness on the walls of housing, and this is a direct path to the appearance of fungus and mold. So that such phenomena did not have space, laying high-quality thermal insulation. Such works do not differ in particular complexity and labor costs, as most of the insulation can be stacked with their own hands.

Heat insulation

When a hiking store, you can find a huge range of a variety of materials for insulation. When insulating gender in a private house, it is necessary to select products that meet the following requirements:

long service life;
high strength;
minimum thermal conductivity coefficient;
sufficient density of the product (especially this is true when the floor insulation);
minimum moisture absorption;
high level of environmental safety;
resistance to high temperatures;
easy installation.

When selecting one or another type of insulation, it is necessary to navigate not only on the technical characteristics, but also at dignity or consstruction. Next, consider the most popular heaters for the floor, their strengths and weaknesses.

Penoplex.

Such a heater as a penurex in appearance is very similar to many foam. Both of these products are sufficiently lightweight, consist of related balls. If, in the manufacture of foam plants for raw materials, the extrusion method is used for the production of foam components (first the raw materials are melted, then foaming the granules resulting in the finite products acquire additional indicators of strength. The penplex can be insulated the floors, facades of buildings and other structures that Amenable to moisture.

The advantages of the material:

good heat insulating properties;
the surface of the product does not absorb moisture;
penoplex can be operated in the temperature range -50 ... + 75 degrees;
high strength indicators;
the material is easy in laying and processing, it can be cut into parts by a conventional knife;
the life of such products is coming up to 50 years.

Disadvantages:

The main minus the use of fasteners for insulation of sex in a private house is considered relatively high cost.
The products under consideration can be destroyed under the influence of direct sunlight, so the surface must be protected from such an influence with a finishing layer.
The insulation may be subject to attacks of mice and other rodents.
Another disadvantage is the fact that Penoplex supports burning.

Mineral wool

Such thermal insulation material as mineral wool is manufactured by melting some rocks under the influence of high temperatures. The products under consideration consist of thin threads that are connected with each other with a special glue. The products under consideration go into construction stores in the form of separate rolls or mats. Mineral wool is used to warm the outer walls of buildings, roofs and attic. In addition, the material under consideration can be used as insulation under the floor covering, and especially in a wooden house.

Advantages of using mineral wool:

Reliable and high-quality insulation of premises, protection of residential buildings from cold and wind.
Basalt wool does not support combustion processes, but its structure can melt under high temperatures.
The facade of the house, decorated with mineral wool, has good vapor permeability. The surface of such products will not appear fungus and mold, but they must be protected from moisture.
In addition to high thermal insulation qualities, the material absorbs extraneous noises, so mats can be laid in the inter-partitions or entrance doors.
The products under consideration possess high rates of durability.
Mineral wool is not on the teeth of various rodents and other pests. The structure of such products does not appear mold.

The main disadvantages of the insulation should be attributed:

While working with stone cotton, it is necessary to protect the open areas of the body respiratory organs and eyes with special protective equipment. The fact is that similar products during mechanical effects are isolated into the air the smallest particles that can be harmful to humans.
As part of the products under consideration there are substances of formaldehyde, harmful to human health.
Thermal insulation loses its basic properties during wetting.

Ceramzit

Concrete floor or other types of bases can be insulated using a clay. This material consists of sintered clay particles, it is balls with air bubbles in bubbles. Ceramzite is quite durable and easy, can be used not only for floor insulation, but also for filling in emptiness in brick walls. In addition, such products can be used to insulate the roof, with their participation make reinforced concrete slabs and other building structures.

Benefits of clay:

The main raw material for the manufacture of clay is genuine clay. That is why the insulation under consideration has the maximum indicators of environmental safety.
Granules have a porous structure, which affects high heat and sound insulation indicators.
The material can be laid by refrigerant method of granules or leveling the floor using a concrete solution laid between the beacons.
The insulation under consideration is characterized by increased resistance to temperature drops.
Ceramizite is quite light, it does not have a significant burden on the foundation of the building.
The material is resistant to moisture, is not damaged by rodents, fungus and mold.

The cons of the use of clamps are as follows:

Insufficient indicators of the strength of the granules. This should be remembered when the aligned surface is sealing;
Keramzit can absorb a certain amount of moisture, which is given to the atmosphere not immediately, but as the surface dryness.

How to insulate the floor in a wooden house

Many owners of suburban real estate do not know how to insulate the wooden floor, however, the technology of performing such work is quite simple, can even be a novice builder. At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to stock up with such a building tool as the level, pencil, roulette, stapler with brackets, nails, hammer, plans and knife. As an additional.

One of the most popular methods of insulation is considered to use the double floor system. This design consists of two wooden limiting elements between which the waterproofing and vapor barrier film and the insulation are stacked. In practice, two types of heat-insulating pies are used.

Method number 1:

base;
granules of clay
cardboard sheet;
3 centimeters on air gap;
finish flooring.

Method number 2 (used mainly for apartments on the first floor of a residential building):

make-up;
polyethylene film or other waterproofing material;
wooden lags;
plates of mineral wool or other insulation;
vaporizoation;
finish flooring.

For the manufacture of roughing floor, a wooden board is selected up to 2 centimeters thick, while the width of the products should be within 20 centimeters. The base elements are not recommended to nail to lags, they are kept on wooden brushes by cross section 5 * 5 centimeters. Boards are fixed using nails, the presence of small cracks is allowed, the gaps are compensated after laying insulation.

Next, consider how to insulate the floor by penplex. At the preparatory stage of work, it is necessary to buy in the construction store of sufficient density products that can withstand the load at least 35 kilograms per square meter. First you need to dismantle the old flooring to the level of the draft floor. After that, the installation of lags in accordance with the dimensions of the insulation, for example, after 70 centimeters.

At the next stage of work to the base, we fix the vapor barrier film. This product is attached to the surface with a stapler and brackets. In places to dock the cloth is punctured tape. Next, there is a cutting of the insulation sheets (1 centimeter more from the distance between the lags). This is necessary for better adjacent heat insulation. After that, it is necessary to put the polyethylene film and can be started to lay the finish flooring.

How to insulate concrete floor

One of the methods of reducing energy consumption in a private house is the insulation of concrete floor on lags. A sheet base from plywood or chipboard is used as the finishing leveling layer. Wet processes in this case are absent, in addition, the load on the thermal insulation material is reduced. In this case, a dense mineral wool is used as a heater, as well as clamzit (if you need to raise a bit of clean floor).

If the residential room is located under the residential room, then the minimum thickness of mineral wool must correspond to 5 centimeters or 3 centimeters over heated. In the latter case, thermal insulation is covered on two sides with waterproofing and vapor-permeable film. To use for this purpose vaporizolation is not recommended, and especially if the floor is located between the living room and the cold basement. In this case, the temperature difference will lead to the formation of condensate, which will negatively affect the properties of the insulation.

At the initial stage of work on the prepared grounds with the help of anchor bolts, wooden lags are fixed. The distance between these elements is chosen by 1 centimeter less from one of the overall dimensions of the insulation. Under the lags are placed strips of rubberoid, and the products themselves are processed by an antiseptic. Now we lay the insulation and vapor-permeable film, fix the leaf tie and the finishing layer of the floor covering.

About flammability insulation

one of the most important characteristics of any insulation is considered to be combustible, which is directly related to the release of smoke and some harmful substances. Of all the considered types of thermal insulation materials, the maximum combustion has a penplex. Such products support the combustion process, which is accompanied by the release of smoke and various harmful substances.

Ceramizite granules, as well as mineral wool, well confront the effects of open fire. Maximum damage, from the use of these products can be born and a change in their structure. As a result of melting materials, the insulation is deformed. In mineral wool, this is associated with the release of harmful substances, but the grainsite granules of such components do not allocate.

One of the main conditions for comfort and coziness in the house is its insulation, including the presence of heat insulation. This is especially important when the dwelling floor directly contacts the soil. Moreover, the insulation for the floor is necessary not only as a means of improving the comfort of living, but also to reduce cash spending on housing heating.

Basic materials for floor insulation

To date, thermal insulation materials are presented in the market in a sufficiently large quantity. Depending on the properties of the insulation, various requirements are presented to them. The main ones, regardless of the type of material - low heat and high strength, moisture resistance and durability. The most common materials:

polystyrene foam, most often in demand for the insulation of concrete floors;
extruded polystyrene foam polyplex, another famous brand - tehnoplex;
ceramzit;
mineral wool;
cork insulation;
gypsum or fiberglass;
polyurethane foam;
cealthy, based on its eco
foamglass.

These insulation are divided into two types: natural and artificial. The first category includes cellulose and a granular slag, which is a by-product of cast iron smelting. Its use is quite popular due to high thermal insulation properties. However, it may contain harmful impurities, so it is necessary to buy it only from proven suppliers.

So looks like a bulk insulation

The artificial type includes all other insulation. In their appearance, they are also divided into several categories:

Sprayed. This is a foosen, or liquid foam, cellulose and polyurethane.
Rolled: mineral wool, linoleum, foam.
Tile: glass gamble, penplex, foam, foam glass, etc.
The bulk, which includes foam glass, granulated slag, clayzit and sawing insulation.
Polymer mixtures, that is, bulk insulation.

Depending on which insulation for warm sexes is used, its laying technology depends. For example, linoleum, dvp-sheets or cork insulation are rolled on the floor and covered with solid material: parquet, laminate or wooden coating. A minvat, ceramzite or extruded polystyrene foam need to launch a screed or lag.

Floor insulation with tiled materials

Features of the most popular materials

Mineral wool and glass wool possess good sound and thermal insulation properties. I thank the presence of fine mineral fibers. When burning, harmful toxins are distinguished, and the noises are "quenched". The lack of glass gamblers is that it quickly absorbs moisture, so it is not necessary to use in wet rooms.

Most often both of these material are used for wooden floors due to their good vapor permeability. However, chemicals, although in small quantities, they still identify, therefore, it is impossible to attribute to environmentally friendly materials of glass and minvatu. Their laying requires a ventilation gap.

Cork insulation is more expensive due to its significantly better characteristics compared with other materials. It retains its strength and integrity for a long time, it is also considered one of the most eco-friendly and durable materials. Cork litter can be put under linoleum, which will significantly improve sound insulation. However, the irregularities of such a coverage, after some time, can pass onto the linoleum, especially if you put just one layer of material. Such a heater is made from the cortex of cork oak.

Good replacement glass gamble - polystyrene foam. This is a moisture-proof material, so it can be used in wet rooms. Polystyrene foam reduces heat loss, because it is poorly spent warm. He barely flashes, however, if it turns, "write" I walked ", as fire resistance is not its quality.

Another name of polystyrene foam, more familiar to all of us - foam. It is often used during the installation of a floating scroll, after which they are poured with a concrete or cement layer. Due to the good moisture resistance, it can be used to insulate the floor on the balcony.

Because of the low density of glass wool when laying it is possible to crack material, which requires careful control when installing

Another available and inexpensive material is a ceramzite. It is also used as a heateler for the floor under the tie, but mostly dry. Ceramzite is added to concrete or poured under dry-fiber plates. It can also be used for a floating screed, but then you need to pour cement or concrete. Keramzite has a porous structure, made of clay, serves as excellent thermal insulation material even in very cold conditions. However, for such a purpose, the insulation layer must be at least 10 - 15 cm.

The most important characteristics

Before choosing a heater for the floor, it should be taken into account not only by its applications, but also important parameters from which it depends on how much the material will maintain heat in certain conditions:

Coefficient of thermal conductivity. Perhaps one of the most important parameters. It determines how much material is capable of passing heat. Equals the amount of heat that passes through the material with a thickness of 1 meter, an area of \u200b\u200b1 square meter in 1 hour. Calculations of this coefficient must be carried out with the condition that the temperature difference on both sides of the coating is 10 ° C.
The characteristics of the insulation are largely dependent on porosity. Equal to the ratio of the number of pores to the total volume of the material.
Ability to absorb water. The lower, the better the material is stable to the conditions of high humidity.
Parry permeability. It depends on it how well the material will "breathe".
Strength. Important when there is a compression load.
Heat capacity. Determines how long the material layer can withstand heat during the temperature difference.
Fire resistance - the ability of the insulation to withstand high temperatures.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account exactly the floor - wooden on the lags, concrete or system "warm floor". In all three cases, various materials will be needed.

Floor insulation in a country house

Do not be surprised why the country house is selected. In them, the floors are wooden, and concrete, so the insulation is set by the most different.

For insulation of wooden floors, it is possible to use bulk materials, such as clamzite or arbolit, as well as mineral fibers or glass. The mineral wool plate is covered with rubberoid or polyethylene, then poured with a cement-sand or concrete tie. Polyfoam due to bad vapor permeability cannot be used. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer depends on the climate in the region. If the average air temperature in the winter is -20 ° C, then this parameter must be 150 mm and above.

For the insulation of the floor, its alignment and the subsequent flooring, it is necessary to fall asleep a bulk gravel layer and tamper it.

For the insulation of wooden pores, it is best to lay lags every 60 cm. The gaps between them are closed with boards with a muffled insulation. On both sides, it is necessary to pave waterproofing, the layer of which is 200 mm or higher. This insulation technology will protect material from mechanical loads.

For concrete floor, the foam is suitable, because it has good moisture resistance, compressive strength and a small thermal conductivity coefficient. The thickness of this insulation is equal to at least 100 mm.

The thermal insulation should be laid tightly to the lags, not leaving the gaps and cold bridges.

It stacked as follows:

the concrete base is pre-dried and waterproofing on it, which can be plastic film;
then they put the foam and the waterproofing layer again;
at the end, a concrete screed with a thickness of at least 50 mm is poured.
then you can start laying the floor covering.

Waterproofing must be put on both sides of the insulation

Video on laying insulation for floor

System Warm floor

This is the so-called low-temperature water heating system, which is used in apartments, kitchens, baths and children's rooms. It is not so often established, since such technology is fairly costly. Under the surface of the floor, pipes with circulating hot water are stacked. Of course, in addition to pipes, you need to purchase an automatic control device, manifolds, risers and locking valves.

Basically, polymer pipes are used for floor heating, which are produced from polyethylene, polybuthene and polypropylene. They are resistant to corrosion, durable, possess good strength.

There is another version of the "warm floor" system. Under the floor covering, the cable converting the current in the heat is placed. However, on top of the heating elements, it is necessary to lay a concrete layer of 3 to 7 cm or cement-sandy solution, and then flattening the floor covering. The lack of such technology is that due to faults you need to completely dismantle the floor.

The advantages of water low-temperature heating systems are simplicity of design and small compared to steam heating systems. Capital costs

Main conclusions

It is impossible to say for sure which insulation is better for the floor. There are many such materials today. Polystyrene foam, or foam, well suited for concrete floor. Minvata and glass gamble are more often used for wooden floors, but they need to be well to isolate so that the dust does not fall into the room when it is wear. Ecostat is also the best use for wooden floors, but only where there is no moisture.

When choosing a coating, it should be paid to its thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and other important characteristics.

Tree houses require a more thorough approach to floor insulation work. It is necessary, first of all, to preserve the structure of the structure from rotting and fungus. The warm floor makes the house cozy, it is pleasant and comfortable.

Before entering the insulation of the floor independently, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the views and features of insulation. As well as a work algorithm. It is about this that will be discussed in our article.

Features

Wooden floors, unlike concrete, much warmer. Tree - the material is capricious and when the house is erected, it is not always possible to achieve the desired effect. The ratio of indicators of thickness and thermal conductivity is often disproportionate, so the insulation of floors in the wood house is simply necessary.

The possibility of insulation of the floor is not only in new homes, but also in the long erected.

dampness;
the appearance and reproduction of mold;
the emergence of microorganisms and fungi, adversely affecting the health of those living in the house;
high heat consumption for heating at home;
damage and destruction of the construction.

Floor insulation work can be carried out independently. This will significantly reduce the budget. Building stores present a wide range of materials, which is possible even without certain skills.

Warming of structures implies different types of work:

insulation of overlaps over the ground floor;
warming of intergenerational floors;
warming overlap between residential premises and attic.

In each case, materials are used not only to maintain the optimal temperature regime, but also for noiseism. Well warmed first floor - the guarantee that the house will be comfortable for living.

Paras

Two types of floors use in houses from wood: concrete and wooden.

The second option is divided into two categories:

board board, glued wood;
parquet board and laminate.

Concrete floor can be made with their own hands without attracting specialists. There are two options for laying concrete: on the ground and on the lags. The most common is the first option.

All works are performed in several stages:

priming;
sand;
thermal insulation;
waterproofing.

The next step is the fill of the floor with a concrete tie. If a warm floor is installed, then it is necessary to mount it at this stage.

The wooden floor, like a concrete coating, also has several layers:

bulk floor (draft);
layer of waterproofing;
layer of thermal insulation;
cutting.

If the installation of a warm floor system is needed, it is performed at the construction stage between chistov and draft coatings. Wood floor is a natural material, which means environmentally friendly. When operating in the air, a substance harmful to humans will not be highlighted. Such a coating has aesthetic and noble appearance.

What can be insulated?

Heating insulation in a wooden house is carried out in order to reduce heat loss. The most commonly used and inexpensive insulation serve as ceramzit and sand. Below is a list of other popular heaters for the floor.

Mineral wool.The main features of this thermal insulator are low thermal conductivity, durability, high noise insulating properties, moisture absorption. It should also be noted that mineral wool is an environmentally friendly material.

In order to determine the product quality or not, it is necessary to check its color. Mineral wool made from natural raw materials has brown. The product, in the production of which prohibited substances were used, will have a yellow shade.

This insulation is produced in stoves and rolls. Rolled insulation is most common when used on large areas. Mineral wool is very convenient, during operation does not require special knowledge and skills. Everything can be done with your own hands. Material light, breathable.

Polyurethane foam.The insulation is quite expensive. It will take not only the help of specialists, but also special equipment. The material in its properties is close to foam. But he will not stand the tie. They can warm the floor from below. The average service life of such insulation is 30 years old.

Ceramzit.The material is quite common. Ceramzite is the granules of the foam foam clay. The material has high performance properties, light. But with all the variety of advantages there is one serious drawback. Ceramzite absorbs moisture very well, so when it is used, it is necessary to establish waterproofing.

Saws are a bulk version of insulation. Speakers are used against mice, mixed with a powder hawed lime: 8 pieces of sawdust on 2 parts of lime. Such a heater can be filled between draft and finishing floors. The layer thickness on average is 20-40 cm, depending on climatic features.

Isolon is polyethylenewhich has a foamed structure. The thickness of this coating is 10 mm. From one or two sides foil. Stacked on top on Wat. And also used as a coating under the warm floor.

What is better to choose?

A wooden house can be put on the foundation and have a ground floor (basement), and can be located on piles.

Houses at piles are in great demand among consumers. It is due to the fact that such a design does not require a large amount of time and energy during the construction and operation of the construction and operation. There is also no need for the soil on which the construction will be located. The choice of insulation for the house at the piles requires to take into account the design features. With the right approach, the house will not only be warm, but also cozy.

But with all the advantages there is a disadvantage: the house is at a distance from the ground. The structure is not protected by the ground floor and is subject to winds. In this case, it turns out that the house is protected from soil moisture, but the entire floor area is available to winds and frost. In order for the house to please their owners, it is worthwhile to produce high-quality insulation of floors.

The insulation of the floor in the houses on the piles is made in several stages:

Preparation.Before starting work on floor insulation, it is worth ensuring full access to lags. It is done for the possibility of checking check. After the start of work, it will be impossible to inspect.
Rough floor.The methods of creating rough floors are very much, but still builders more often use traditional. You need to nail the bar on the lags, which will continue to serve as a support for the flooring. Bar and lags are treated with special means against rotting and the appearance of fungus.

But you should not use the means that create a film. It will not allow the tree to breathe, which will lead to rotting. Boards for flooring under the draft floor should also be processed. This is necessary to improve the service life of the material. When calculating, it is worth considering the weight of the insulation, which will be used. As a flooring, you can use Phaneur for light insulation. If it is used, for example, polystyrene, then a reinforced grid can be applied to strengthen the lower layer. This will help distribute weight.

Parosolation.Vaporizolation must be used to make moisture not to enter the insulation. To do this, it is better to use polyethylene or runner. These materials refer to economy class. When they are laying, it is worth providing ventilation products. The vapor insulation layer should be both on top of the insulation and below. This will not allow a condensate formed when the temperature drops to get to the materials.

Picture floor.The finishing floor is the final stage of floor insulation, which can also be an finishing coating. To do this, absolutely any materials (wood massif, chipboard, plywood) can be used.

So that the house on the piles looks presentable, as well as for additional protection against the effects of climatic conditions, experts advise you to make an easy challenge of the ground floor.

Caring for insulated floor

Manufacturers

Many companies are engaged in the production of materials for insulation of sex. Among them are world famous brands and those who are just starting their way. Most companies have almost a century of history. In order to help you choose, the rating of the most popular manufacturers firms is below. All of them represent materials with proven quality.

Knauf. The international manufacturer has experience more than 90 years. Warming materials are popular around the world. Products are made from natural raw materials according to the latest technologies. All insulation are environmentally friendly and harmless. Knauf occupies a leading position on the market for many years.

Rockwool. The company works on modern technologies and specializes in basalt thermal insulation materials. The advantage of this raw material in high performance and affordable price. In Russia, branches are located in Moscow, Chelyabinsk and Leningrad regions. The company is in second place in the rating of manufacturers of insulating materials.
Paroc. The company also specializes in the production of mineral wool. Quality tested by time. The manufacturer focuses on saving thermal energy to heat the dwelling and excellent noise insulation. But the lack of this firm is that all insulation have a fairly high price. That is why the company ranks third.