The most terrible mistakes of wooden construction. Optimal log log diameter Basic scuba assembly principles

Wooden house is a house from a living material - wood. Wood has a lot of advantages, including environmental safety, exquisite and easy installation. It will fill housing with a pleasant forest aroma and create a cozy atmosphere. In such a house it will be cool in the summer and warm in winter. Therefore, many country owners prefer to build a cottage or a country house from a tree.

Despite the large number of positive properties, such a house has one drawback. This is a shrinkage. However, if you know the principles of education of this process, then it is easy to cope with the problem.

Srub height

The log house consists of the crowns that are placed on each other. Each crown of a particular log diameter has its own height. It depends on the thickness of the log.

For example, in a log of a diameter of 200 mm, the height of the crown is 170 mm, and 30 mm goes to the longitudinal (lunar) groove of the log. It turns out that the lower log immerses in the top to the depth of 30 mm. The remaining 170 useful height of one crown.

For a diameter of 220 mm, a useful height will be 190 mm, for 240 mm - 210 and so on. By the way, if you build a house for permanent residence, then a log in diameter is 240 mm is the optimal option for the middle strip of Russia. In such an accommodation will be warm and comfortable even in a cold winter.

Thus, in each log of any diameter, the bottom is immelled in the upper 30 mm. Knowing this magnitude, it is easy to calculate how many crowns need for the desired height of the cut.

How shrinkage occurs

During the construction of a country house, the logs of natural humidity are used, since only such materials can be processed on the equipment without damage to the processing knives. In addition, the brica dries in the already assembled log house. Only this is what the birches are reached, which are tightened by the natural forces into a single design. The house becomes a solid object.

Each crown of the house consists of a tree trunk, and every trunk of the tree gives up (evaporates) moisture over time. As a result, it becomes dry and compressed across the fibers. Thus, the compression occurs vertically. Drying horizontally (along the fibers) is practically not occurring due to the characteristics of the tree structure.

When shrinking, the house gradually dries and loses a bit in height. Each crown in the composition of the house dries up and loses 3-5% of thickness. As a result, the whole house can also lose 3% - 5% regardless of how many crowns in the composition.

Wooden house shrinkage is an infinite process, but there is nothing to be afraid. The active part of the process takes place in the first 6 months after construction. Then the house is also sitting down, but quite slightly. This is an inconspicuous action that will not affect the design of the house, internal and exterior decoration.

Shrinking at home proceeds in a decreasing exhibitor, where the most active part falls on the first six months.

The slower the shrinkage process takes place, the better. This reduces the risk of cracking in the walls, as the logs are not experiencing a sharp change of humidity, and evaporation passes slowly. The bulk of the moisture from the log goes through the ends. To clog ends, a special composition is applied, which slows down the yield output and reduces the number of cracks.

This will help to avoid trouble. For example, such as door creak or poor closure of windows. Therefore, it is important that construction and finishing work should conduct experienced specialists with special technologies and certain types of fasteners. About what technologies and fasteners are, you will learn in the next mailing list.

From this article you will learn:

In order to calculate the number of logs for a cut, we need to know:
- Sir sizes (take a log house as an example 3 to 6 five-ranks - two walls of 6 meters, three walls of 3 meters are sizes at the ends of the logs)
- Height of the cut (in our example, take a height of 3 meters)
- the diameter of the log of which is planned to cut a cut (in our example it is 30 cm)

What's next?
- We consider the total length of one crown (in our case it is two walls of 6 meters \u003d 12 meters and three walls of 3 meters \u003d 9 meters, fold, and we get the total length of one crown of 21 meters
- We learn how much the crowns will be in Siruba (the number of rows of logs in height) How to do it?
First, we need to know the working height of one logs, we know that the height (diameter) of one logs in our example is 30 cm, from this amount you need to subtract 3 cm to select a longitudinal groove (average), and we obtain the working height of one log \u003d 27 cm Now we divide 3 meters of cutting height on the working height of one logs, we get 11 crowns (rows in height)
- We consider the number of logs for a cut. How to do it? We take the total length of one crown (row) in our example is 21 meters, multiply on the number of crowns, in our example it is 11 pcs. We get 231 meters. This is the total length of all the crowns. Now we divide the total length of all the crowns for the length of one log - 6 meters, and we get 38.5 pieces, rounded in the biggest, and we get that for a cut 3 to 6 five-rank, 3 meters high, from the log of 30th diameter, we need 39 pieces

And so, now we know that we need 39 log in the 30th diameter, but how many cubes are? In this, the table - a cube of a round forest, you will find below the post.

Looking at the table, we saw that in one 6-meter log of the 30th diameter - 0.52 cube (M3)
Now you simply multiply the total number of logs, in our example it is 39 pieces, on the cube rate from the table - 0.52 m3 and get \u003d 20.3 m3

Conclusion: for the construction of a cut 3 on 6 five-rank 3 meters high from a log of 30th diameter, we need 39 logs, a total cubage of 20.3 m3

Above, we considered a simple and fast method of calculating the number of logs for a cut, but it has one disadvantage - inaccuracy in the calculation when it comes to complex logs, where the remains of 1.2 meters may remain, 1.8 meters, etc. Which is nowhere else to put in a litter, such logs are considered difficult and much longer. Therefore, you can consider them on the above technology, but adding 10-15% on trimming

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Calculation of the Cubature of Round Forest
Forest Cabinet Calculation Table: At the intersection of rows and columns, the volume of the forest in M3

Cubancatter according to GOST 2708-75 along the length of the log L and the diameter of the whip D. With this table, you can determine the cube of the roundabout with a diameter from 14 cm to 48 cm and a length of 1 to 9 meters

How to use the Cubature Table of Round Forest?

Step 1. Find in the left extreme line of this table you need the log diameter.
IMPORTANT! The diameter of the log is measured by the painter, i.e. By the smallest size

Step 3. Multipate the log cab in the log on the quantity, so you get the cube of one diameter

Step 4. Fold all the amounts of the cubatures of each diameter, so you learned the general volume of the Cubature of Round
the woods

Example: you were loaded in total 50 pcs Length 6 meters long

1) Measure the diameter of each log and determine the number of logs of each diameter, it turned out:
- 15 pieces - 20 cm
- 10 pcs - 22 cm
- 20 pieces - 24 cm
- 5 pcs - 26 cm

2) We look at the cube of one logs of each diameter in the table, taking into account the length of the log, we get:
- 20 cm - 0.23 m3
- 22 cm - 0.28 m3
- 24 cm - 0.33 m3
- 26 cm - 0.39 m3

3) We consider the cubature of each diameter, by multiplying the number of logs of one diameter to the indicator from the table calculation table of the round forest cube (the table indicates the volume of the 1st log) turned out:
- 20 cm (0.23 m3) * 15 pieces \u003d 3.45 m3
- 22 cm (0.28 m3) * 10 pieces \u003d 2.8 m3
- 24 cm (0.33 m3) * 20 pieces \u003d 6.6 m3
- 26 cm (0.39 m3) * 5 pieces \u003d 1.95 m3

4) We consider the common cube of all logs, by adding the cube performance of each individual diameter, it turned out:
20 cm (3.45 m3) + 22 cm (2.8 m3) + 24 cm (6.6 m3) + 26 cm (1.95 m3) \u003d 14.8 m3 - Overall Cubature of Round Forest according to GOST 2708-75

It is worth adding that some of the Round Forest Suppliers consider not separately diameters, and the average diameter is multiplied by the total number of round forest .....

-\u003e Scoop do it yourself -\u003e Srub Design

"Srub Bricks" - the crowns.

The peculiarity of any tree is that its trunk in thickness is growing uneven: from the south side - more, with North - less. Therefore, the annual rings on the south side are wider than with North. For example (annual rings of wood) I specifically chose a tree that grew on the southern edge and the difference in the thickness of the parties is clearly expressed. In the wedge, the log cabin is stacked so that the side of the log, where the annual rings are denser (the northern side), looked outside. The northern side is less cracking. And South, due to less density, slightly warmer. However, this is possible only if the forest is stronger (level). If the log is twisted, it is placed on the wall of the cut, regardless of the orientation of the annual rings, or the hump up either hump down. If the curves are birling a lot and the curvature of them is about the same, then one wall can be made a slightly crying, laying a brica hump out. In the finished fire, the curvature of the wall is almost not noticeable.

For reliable thermal insulation and irrepressibility of walls, between logs, in the process of masonry of the crowns, put interventical seal. I am a Yarym adherent of such a sealer as moss - Unique in its properties of natural material. For more information about its advantages, workpiece, storage and laying on a bricna, see the topic "Moss. Core cut "

Basic principles of gram assembly.

1. Breeding in the crown.

2. Vertical fastening of logs.

In order for the cutting the cutting to be rigid, so that with the time of the wall, it does not bother in the vertical plane (especially in the area of \u200b\u200bdoor and window openings), when assembling a log, it is used vertical oscillation of brickels (they are called the seasons).

The heater (wanned) is a round or quadgy wooden wand, which rises into the hole, dried immediately at 2 - 3 brothers in height. You can use any tree as a material for aging. Begroes are inserted into each crown.

In no case, the metal pins should not be used as brazers!

In the metal pins in the cold season, moisture from the air passing through the interventic seal will be condensed. The places of compounds will be constantly wet, which will be the prerequisite for the development of processes of rotting inside the walls.

Sometimes grief - builders, for vertical rationing of login, ride a sledgehammer into the ridge of the top logs of pointed metal pins. This can not be done!Since clogged pins impede the free shrinkage of logs and they hang on the pins. As a dryer, the birch is an increase in interventical cracks.

Upon completion of the grazing assembly, for aesthetic, we make the protrusions of the edges of the bircaw in the corners are the same. For this: Measure the distance from the angle to the end, which will satisfy (but not less than 20 cm). Then, putting a plumb to this label, draw a marker marker on all bottoms lying brings. Chainsaw cut the birch tips strictly vertically (on our markup). Since the fibers on the ends are logged open, the ends of the login will dry faster than the middle of the log. And, in connection with this, large cracks will appear at the ends. In order for cracking to minimize to minimize, I recommend to cover the ends to cover acrylic varnish for outdoor work or PVA glue. In antiquity, the ends of the log cabins were covered with clay, lime solid or painted paint.

With cutting sruba Pieces for windows You can not do or make knowingly smaller in size. Subsequently, when we install windows, the chainsaw is cut out the processes for a specific size, taking into account the seating spikes.

The chopped log is the most unpredictable building material. In the process of shrinkage, the crowns can twist so that end-to-end slots will appear in the walls, and their appearance will be hopelessly spoiled. Insufficiently diligent builders can capture the house, to the construction of which went a bar, a boat or a rounded log. Repair experts .divandi tell what to pay attention to getting a beautiful, warm and durable wooden cottage (or bath).

Customer errors

A minor error made by builders when erecting a wooden house can dramatically worsen the thermal characteristics of the house or to shorten his life. But the errors can also allow customers. Conscientious builders always dissuade a private trader from buying cutters, stood in the production site of the year and more. As a rule, their lower crowns have already begun to rot or amazed with fungus. To give the commodity type, the log house can whiten, but it will also be bad on the durability of wood.

Alexey Galimov

A similar situation can be if the forest was brought to the construction site, but did not begin to chop immediately, and dumped to the ground. After some time, the brica is started to shine - this is started the process of rotting. Sinka remove chemistry based on chlorine, but as a result, such a log may not lie the oil, which is used with the finishing of the log house. If a big house is built, the forest must be taken out as needed that it does not lay, but as quickly as possible fell on the walls.

Another trouble of the old log cabins is the likelihood that the bugs that have made the box are already working elsewhere, and other people will lead the grazing assembly. The hired brigade will easily pass the blame for poor-quality assembly on unknown bugs. Those, they say, made a frank marriage, and it is impossible to assemble it. The graduation assembly should be trusted only to those who made it. Otherwise, the quality will not ask anyone.

By the way, not only chopped logs will be spoiled from improper storage, but also other materials.

Alexander Bunkov

Another error, often performed by customers, tells the director of Amstroy Alexey Markin.

Alexey Markin

For example, a person decides to build a house from a boiler, a rounded log or profiled bar. Frams from these materials, as a rule, are manufactured on special equipment. The customer comes to an enterprise with a project that he has prepared a third-party architect, and it turns out that there can be no nodes as in the project. The equipment is designed for other sizes. As a result, it is necessary to either refuse the selected material, or completely rebuet the house under technology available at the enterprise. It happens that the remission of the project costs as much as the project itself.

Another advice that saves errors can be considered naive, but in some cases it will have to be placed. Builders categorically do not advise contacting firms promising to build a log or brusade house for a month. The construction of the building from the wood of natural humidity or even dry wood is always conducted in two stages - the construction of a cut from the roof, and after an approximately annual break on the shrink shrink, windows, floors, floors are put. The shrinkage does not need only houses from the glued bar. Previously, the repair portal.divandi talked about.

Photo №1 - log house with huge slots.

Builders' errors: Typical and coarse

As Alexey Markin notes, the most common mistake in the manufacture of a chopped log cabin is small logs of log fit to the log (small interventovation groove width). The thermal characteristics of such a house will be low. The head of the enterprise "Domostroy-SC" Oleg Valuev complements that in some cases the crowns may not fit together at all (photo 1). Huge gaps will have to regularly careen, which will require considerable additional costs. At the same time, the appearance and thermal characteristics of the house will not be radically improved.

Photo №2. - Credit can not be right due to incorrectly set racks.

It happens that the builders take the house so that he simply can't sit down.

Oleg Valuev

This is a very common mistake. Often the house has an open veranda under the common roof. It turns out that part of the rafter system relies on the log house, and part is on the veranda racks. The log house sits - by 10-15 cm. Per year - and the racks are not shortening. As a result, the upper crown hangs on the rack, the neighbor to her the edge of the cut can not sit down, here are gaps. If the material is raw, then it can skew the roof.

As Oleg Valuev explains if it is planned to make a veranda under the roof, then between the top end of the rack and the top crown you need to install a special jack on the shrinkage (photo 3). He will allow a logger to sit evenly. Instead of the jack, you can put a few dashes, which will need to periodically knock out. By the way, shrinkage jacks are clearly visible in the first illustration (Fig. 1) to ours.

Photo number 3. - Jack on the shrinkage (photo "Domostroy-SK").

Another error that prevents the shrinkage of a church - an attempt to bore the neighboring crowns by nails. On the Hat of the nail logo lies unevenly, and the interventovaya gap appears. Due to the loose fit, the log in the process of drying can begin "spin."

Alexey Galimov

There are very difficult cases. Once a person turned to us with a request to fix the log house from the profiled bar. We came to the object, and there the wints are fastened not even nails, but self-drawers. If the nail in a log can somehow slip down in the shrinkage process, then he keeps him tightly. In the Siruba huge slots, the entire jute outside, in the joints of Syane went. Here the treatment is only complete disassembly, processing and installation on a new one.

The problem of poor-quality waterproofing of the lower wedge of the church has somewhat lost its relevance. As a rule, a brigade producing installation performs this operation qualitatively. However, the customer should pay attention to how the pairing of the foundation and wooden walls is made. If the foundation is ribbon or woodworked, then the surface of the tape should be aligned, and there should be 2-3 layers of rubberoid between the foundation and lower crown, or a layer of waterproofing.

However, excessive moisture can get into the wood not only through the foundation. If the house is tolapse the floors and hang the ceilings before the cabins sat down and dry, it will make it difficult to circulate the air and lead to the "bearing" at home - mold or fungus may appear on the interior walls.

Alexander Bunkov

Especially the question of the protection of the tree from moisture is relevant for the lower crowns of the bath. We recently had a case - repaired a bath, which rotted the bottom bric. It turned out that the builders insulated the floors in the steam room and the washing department of polystyrene foam. The space under the floor was clogged. Water that fell under the floor of the washing, did not dry. For six months, the lower crowns rotted. We raised the log house on the jacks, changed the crowns and redested the floors. The repair cost a third of the price of the bath ... The floors in the washing department and in the steam room should be done without insulation.

The head of the Domostroy-SK enterprise Oleg Valuev notices that it is also not necessary to make a plinth on the floor. Under them is gathering moisture and the process of rotting begins.

Photo number 4. - Mold on non-refined wooden structures.

Unpredictable wood

To predict where the moisture goes and where it will begin to accumulate, even experienced builders can always.

Alexey Galimov

A completely recent case. Grinding inside a frame of a chopped log. Stood very hot days. Knowing pressure - moisture inside the house goes. The inner surface of the walls turned out to be more wet than calculated. Opel, formed during grinding, nision on the walls and under it Syneva went. Well noticed in time, cleared. So that moisture inside the log house has not been formed anywhere, the log house must be well ventilated.

Watching Il not to pass ...

Many Yekaterinburg builders consider the error to reject the use of napillates (waders) when assembling log cabins. These are wooden rods installed in the vertical holes and coming together two neighboring logs. In general, the scheme is as follows: the specks pierce the first and second log. When the third is put on top, then in it and in the second log, the holes (with a displacement of relatively existing) for the "second portion" ducks and so on the entire height of the cut.

Alexey Galimov

The main error during the installation of log cabins is not dripping. And without heaters, the log in drying may begin to spin. However, it is necessary to take into account different factors. For example, if the profiled is a natural moisture lamp to lay in winter, then the drying process will be unprecedented. Such a log house and without the wrenches can sit normally. And if you build in summer, the ducks are mandatory. Otherwise, the log house will behave, it can snatch a cup.

Not all builders agree with such a position. Some believe that the cutting must be done so that the walls stood tightly and without a wad. However, recently, supporters of the use of napillates became much more. After all, the additional bonding bonding allows the shrink shrink more predictable, and in some cases, to correct the flaws of sawn timber. Especially important is the presence of heat in the walls with the windows under the windows and doors.

Photo number 5. - Installation of the wanks when assembling a log of a profiled timber.

The AMSTROY DIRECTOR Alexei Markin emphasizes that when working with a bar, a rounded log or frost, the improper installation of the wanks can lead to the wrestlers. Other experts are reministed about this.

Oleg Valuev

Usually used braided with a diameter of 22 mm. Holes under them should be slightly larger diameter. We, for example, use 25 mm borrow. Otherwise, in the process of drying, the log can hold the wanks and will hurt the shrinkage of the crowns, as the log can not move down and hangs on the dust. Also remind you that it is necessary to use a very sharp drill to drill holes for the sewages. So that he cut through the jute, laid between the crowns, and did not hold it. Otherwise, it is possible to occur the bridges of the cold in this place.

Photo number 6. - Laying of jute in interventic grooves ("Domostroy-SK").

In the interventic grooves, the insulation / seal is laid - moss, palaper, linen or jute felt (just "Jute" speak more often). The last option today is most popular. Oleg Valuev draws attention to the fact that in the cup width of the interface width almost twice the width of the interventional groove. Consequently, in this place, builders should not forget to increase the width of the insulation tape (photo 6).

There are other points that should be remembered by the private developer.

Alexander Bunkov

That side of the log, which the tree has been turned to the north, has more dense wood. It can be seen on the cut - annual rings on the north side are thinner. North side should lay a brica outside. Then cracks will be less. However, on the annual rings of the brigade, as a rule, do not pay attention. We put as it is more convenient. True and customers also do not take this moment into account. When we offer for extra charge - 50 rubles. Ramating meter - lay a brica with a rings, customers, as a rule, refuse.

Specialist of the company "VIRA GROUP" Yaroslav Kulikov reminds that the wooden house makes special requirements for the arrangement of the roof. Usually, the log house has not only exterior, but also the inner walls. They sit faster outdoor. This can lead to deformation of the rafter system, which relies on the internal and outer walls. So that this does not happen, small backlings are laid into the attachment nodes, and the rafters are made by sliding.

Yaroslav Kulikov

I would still not recommended the use of surface wood for construction. These are trunks of trees from which the resin was collected. They can see a characteristic tree of cuts. There are no resin in such wood. She loose. The house does not last long. By the way, in order for the house to be a durable, we use a log in the bottom of the log, on the bottom of the log along the lunar groove, the compensation slopes depth is 3-5 cm. Then when drying wood, the cracks will go inside. Outside, large cracks should not appear.

If the house is built from a chopped log, then the presence of sub-wood in the prepared materials can be calculated by the characteristic tree of the cuts (the "Top" of the Christmas tree is directed towards the comluk part of the log). If the timber or a rounded log is used, then the lack of "rod" will have to take on faith. However, a certain guarantee gives the fact that in recent years (about 15-20 years) in the Ural region, the pine clock is practically not carried out.

Quite often, in search of a contractor for the construction of a house or bath, we are confronted with such concepts as the price for 1m3 rounded logs (OCB) or simply with the actual cost of a church. I would like to figure out! What makes a log cabbage? How is the cost of a log cabin and what makes it up with?

In order to alone Calculate the volume of logs in the Siruba is needed, repulse from the specified parameters (axial sizes and height), calculate the number of rogue meters of logs in the Siruba. The easiest way to multiply the length in the routine meters in one crown on the number of crown crowns.

Calculation of the number of crowns depending on the specified height of the cut.

To calculate the desired number of crowns, you need to know the working height of the cylindered log. Working height log directly Depends on the width of the groove. Below we give a table for a standard groove.

Table of working height log (H OCB):

Diameter Breed	width groove	Working height log
180	90	156
200	100	173
220	110	191
240	120	208
260	130	225

Dividing the predetermined height of a log on the working height of the log, we obtain the number of necessary crowns.

We consider:

3000mm / 191mm \u003d 15.71 - Consequently, for a given height, we need 16 crowns.

Based on the car drawing, calculating the number of cross meters of one crown (taking into account the protrusions - the hearticle)

In this example, the length of one crown is 9 + 9 + 6 + 6 + 6 \u003d 42 mp. Consequently, all the route meters in this litter 42x16 \u003d 672. Next, you need to consider and add half the first crown (zero crown) - they needless To shift the ratings in the crowns. We managed to have 3x6 \u003d 18 route meters. Since 2 halves are obtained from one whole log, we divide 18 to 2 and we get 9 mp. logs in halves. So, we turned 681 pm, but it is excluding opening. 546 mp is obtained in the minus of the route meters in the openings.

Total in this room it turned out 20.75 m3 of pure volume of the CBB. And the last thing you need to take into account when calculating the cut - these are illiquid trimming and loss when sawing the details of the house complex.

They can range from 3 to 7 percent. Accordingly, the test cubature of this logbook will be approximately 22 m3.

At the cost of one cubic meter of the rounded log in the domocal complex 8 500 rubles, the price of this cut will be 187,000 rubles.

We hope this article will be useful to you in your calculations! Good luck to you in your endeavors!