How to make the sewer. The sewage device in a private house with your own hands. Installation of internal sewage

Living in your private house without sewage will be at least not comfortable.

As a rule, its installation takes place at the construction stages. Although there are exceptions.

And the sewage is for a private house, as the masters are noticed correctly, it is arranged more often after building the building.

Schemes and species

In large houses, where there are a lot of rooms (bathrooms, bathrooms, kitchen, etc.), a diagram of a minimum with two septics is usually applied.

If you can join the central sewer system, then this should be done despite the subsequent impressive fees.

If not, you have to construct autonomous sewers.

Internal sewage: Scheme and specifics

Creating a project, you need to take into account the premises that need sewage. They are placed in one location on each floor. With such a layout it is easier to lay pipes. Although for each house a personal project is created.

The scheme here can be formed on your own. Of course, it will not be a professional and detailed development, like specialists. But acting competently, you use it with its help the pipeline and decide on the desired number of equipment and materials.

Here you must need a plan at home. Resect positions for the sewer pipeline (TC), riser (risers) and all sanitary devices. In the diagram, mark the shaped elements for the pipeline and the distance from these elements to the riser and plumbing devices. Decide with the desired number of connecting components. Such work is carried out on each floor.

Tip:be sure to calculate how many pipes need different diameters and connecting components.

Required diameters:

1. For a riser or TC, as well as the exhaust block of removal of wastewater, running out of the bathroom - 10-11 cm.
2. For effluent from the kitchen and bathroom, a pipe is used - 5 cm.
3. Turns in sewage should be made by two knees. The corner of their position is 45 °. This will help prevent breaks.

Material

It is usually pipes from cast iron, polypropylene or PVC. The first are considered standard. They cope with impressive loads. Their durability and reliability admires.

But today there are all the greatest glory products from two other indicated materials. Their cost is more attractive, and the installation is much easier.

Polypropylene products are very often purchased. Buyers like their flexibility and modest mass, and resistance to high sewage temperatures.

It's important to know:it is worth noting that the products from PVC and polypropylene are laid only inside the house. Cast iron analogues can be laid outside.

Pipes from all these materials, in the correct operation, will serve for a very long time.

Views

Typically, the sewage system is divided into mixed and separate. Most often in private homes, the first appearance works.

Types of sewerage on the development of wastewater: samotane and pressure. The second requires tremendous costs and efforts. Therefore, the popularity of the first is much higher.

Thus, in private generally homes are satisfied with mixed samotane sewage.

Installation

For work, necessarily need an assistant. Work passes with polypropylene tubes. Their diameters are 5 and 10 cm. Other necessary things: revisions, tees and knee, as well as sleeves, clamps for fasteners of pipes, rubber cuffs, glue.

The sleeves are put on those sites where the system crosses the walls or overlap. Rubber cuffs are superimposed on the connection sections. And there is a powerful insulation with the help of plumbing sealant.

Laying pipes comes with some bias. These are SNiP requirements. For a given case, a bias - 2-3%. It largely determines the diameter of the pipe. The percentage here is a slope in the calculation of cm / 1 pursuit. meter. For pipes with a more modest diameter of a bias - 3%. Just observing this rule, you can qualitatively mount the working internal sewer.

And also inappropriate the slope is less than 2% and more than 3%. Under the first scenario, solid elements will remain on the walls of the pipes, the block is formed. With a second - flow streams in these pipes are too much speed, and wastewater will be divided into fractions, and solid elements will fall.

To connect such pipes, glue or rubber seals are applied.

For your information: We also need a soldering iron and a perforator.

The work starts from the release - the site where the internal and external sewage is converge. With this start, you will not allow the inconsistency of these systems. Installation of the release goes through the foundation. If it is carried out at a depth of depth, the depth of the fruit of the soil in your area, then the pipe is necessarily insulated. Otherwise, the release turns out, and the sewage will be able to work only in warm time.

If there is no hole for the release in the foundation, you need to arrange it.

The required diameter of the sleeve is 13 cm. The sleeve comes out on each side of the base at least 15 cm. The hole and installation of the sleeve goes with a slope of 2% for the external sewage, next to the septic. The production diameter necessarily coincides with the riser diameter.

The best position for rising - bathroom. So the exhaust department for elimination of the toilet from the toilet will be created short. The following tendency is valid here: the more significant the diameter of the exhaust department and Santeh. Devices, the closer its position to the riser.

The laying method is personal. You can make a gasket in boxes, in the walls, you can work in an open way. For the installation of pipes with a riser uses oblique tees. If your scheme is present to the point where the releases from the shower, bath and sink are converged, then the collector tube is installed there. Its diameter is 10 cm.

To protect the house from nasty smells, install the hydropup.A revision must be mounted on each riser. Each twist of sewage must end with clean. So, with sewage stamps, it will be easier to be cleaned.

The riser continues upstairs already in the form of a fan tube. At first at the point of its installation there is a revision. After that, this pipe is excreted on the roof. It is not allowed to combine with home ventilation.

The output necessarily surpasses the roof rustle, at least 70 cm from the roof and at a distance of 4 m from the windows. Ventilation, chimney and sama fan tube should differ in the altitude of the location.

By mounting the inner sewer, it is necessary to thoroughly shed clean water. It is so tested by the tightness of all connections.

External sewage

This sewage is a network of pipes from the exhaust unit to the septica or the cleaning station. The gasket of the pipes here is carried out in the ground.

Pipes must have an impressive rigidity and withstand the effects of soil. And it is also better to lay bright color pipes so that they are easier to notice in depth. The diameter of such pipes is 11 cm.

There are different types of external ventilation. The most primitive are cesspools and accumulative systems where wastewater is harvested. Today, it is increasingly given preferences to various septicities and stations of total cleaning.

Two-chamber septic

Spent types:

1. Two-chamber.
2. Three-kamer.
3. With biofilter.
4. With one chamber and soil cleansing.

Septic tank is chosen based on:

1. The needs of all residents at home.
2. The number of these tenants.
3. Views of residence: permanent or temporary.
4. Approximate water consumption. It is understood how much every tenant spends water daily. The number of sanitary devices in the house is also important here, and there are household appliances there.
5. The level of groundwater in your territory.
6. Parameters of the territory itself. Here are calculated areas for cleaning equipment.
7. Type of soil.
8. Climate in your area.

System example:

What septicch or cleaning station you acquire is also the question of your budget. And also here will not prevent consult with specialists.

It is also important to consider some criteria for finding such equipment:

1. Vegetable garden and septicch must separate at least 8 m.
2. Any water source and septic tire separates at least 20 m.
3. Residential house and septic tires minimum 5 m.

The main dilemma in the organization of external sewage is a competent selection of cleaning technology. Earthworks and gasket do not cause special difficulties.

As for the general scheme of external sewage system, it is necessarily included:

• tray system where waste is focused;
• waste dilution channels to the disposal point;
• sustainer (cesspool).

Algorithm for the installation of external sewage:

1. Creating a trench. It connects the houses with a sump. Trench slope: 2 cm / 1 m pipe in the direction of the cesspool.
2. The bottom of the trench is covered with a sandy pillow. Layer -10-15 cm.
3. On this cushion, the pipeline is close to the cumulative tank.
4. The docking point of the pipe with a septic is compacted: the pipe is placed on the oval of cords. The cord is treated with solidol.

Sewage requirements in a private house

1. To install, use the materials of the desired parameters.
2. Make a scheme taking into account all the necessary factors.
3. Do not use low quality pipes.
4. Do not tap the sewer with heavy waste.
5. Design the sewer simultaneously with the design of the house itself.
6. Mount the sewer at the construction stages. This is the optimal option. If it has not been observed, the solution methods are already set out higher.

How to make a sewer in a private house, watch Tips in the following video:

Ensuring comfort and high-quality life in a country house is an important point for any owner of such a building. One of the factors that allow to provide a comfortable life is the convenience of outflow of used water and livelihood products. Properly designed at the design stage and subsequently correctly built sewage in a private house will be the key to long-term operation, at which there will be no problems. This design can be created with your own hands, if you approach the issue with maximum responsibility.

Primary requirements

In order to avoid any problems in the process of creating sewage in its own house, it is best to maximize in this process to all the requirements and standards, which are painted in the regulatory documentation - SNiP. In this case, everything will be accurately functionable for a long period of time.

In any way to build, where the water supply is laid and there is a water fence, a system must be executed, which will output. The mechanisms of drainage must be created in the sections. In general, such a network will be able not only to provide a comfortable life, but also will not harm ecology, as well as significantly increase the time of use of the building.

Usually sewage consists of the following systems:

• storm, which takes water;
• outdoor;
• internal.

They must be laid in such a way that various building suggestions for sewering in their own home are respected.

Among such requirements can be called:

• ensuring normal cleansing;
• lack of risk in the issue of flooding construction;
• ensuring the required sewage volume;
• sealed accumulation and transportation of wastewater.

If we talk about the requirements for internal systems of this type, then they must be due to the following elements:

• the riser to which all pipes are attached;
• pipe breeding, which carries out wastewater pumping in the direction of riser;
• santechnibors for drainage.

According to the standards in the mechanism, the part of which is located in the construction, there should be enough space for the free transportation of the fluid from the places where it is drained to pipes that carry out the conclusion of the construction. When laying the sewage inside the construction, pipes are used from cast iron or some polymers. At the output, the size of such a pipe should be 11 centimeters. Naturally, ventilation should also be in this mechanism. Usually it is carried out through the riser. Over each element make an exhaust place overlooking the roof.

If we talk about the project of external systems, its creation is carried out taking into account the requirements prescribed in SNiP for the number 2.04.03-85.

According to this regulatory document, the following points should be taken into account:

• the mechanism should establish wells for maintenance and purification;
• to clean uplaving, you need to install with the use of biomethodes;
• if we are talking about a samotane network, the polymer, ceramic or asbestos-cement pipes are used;
• pipes that are placed beyond the borders of the construction should be in diameter about fifteen centimeters and are laid at the level of ten-twelve centimeters;
• if there are few floors in the structure, then you can cooperate several homes into a single network;
• if you can not arrange a self-e-system, it is better to make a choice in favor of pressure sewage.

Another important point is the selection of design. This is really important when designing a sewer offline network.

There may be three septic versions that are used:

• aerotenks;
• cumulative septic;
• cleaning.

Now let's say about them a little more. Aerotenks are the latest solutions using several cleansing techniques. After applying this septic, the liquid is cleared almost to 100% value. Water can be easily removed in the ground, water and apply for irrigation. The septic tank of the accumulative category is an improved variant of the cesspool, in which cleaning is not carried out, but only the drains are collected. When the septicch is filled to a certain level, it becomes necessary to clean it. This is usually carried out using special association equipment.

If we talk about the differences from the cesspool, then no filtering into the soil is not carried out in this case. This means that no harm is not applied. But still, this type of septic is used in recent years, it is extremely infrequent due to the high cost of the cost of services of special association equipment. This type can be used only if you live relatively infrequent in the house.

Clear septic tanks are used not only to accumulate, but also for cleansing sewage drains. As a rule, at first, the drains in them are defended, after which there is a decay on the biological level using special equipment - anaerobic and aerobic, which are specifically added to the ground to implement this goal.

Their use allows you to clean the water somewhere by 65 percent, after which it goes into the ground where its further cleansing is carried out.

For this reason, the best types of soils for this category of septic screens will be sandy and sulaes. If the earth is clay, then it is better to use another septic tank, although this option is not prohibited in this case. Just then the installation of the septic is too expensive, since to create filtration fields there will still be the desired special laying.

Views

In his own house, sewage can be several species and is classified according to various criteria.

Usually these criteria can be three:

• location of the sewage;
• goals for the implementation of which it will be used;
• the difference in the type of drains that will be assembled.

If you take the first two criteria, the system under consideration happens next.

• Outdoor. It is a complex of waste reception from buildings and other objects and transporting them to special cleaning facilities or a discharge location in a centralized sewage room. Typically, the pipelines are included in that, as well as the wells of a swivel and revision type.
• Internal. Such sewage collects drains inside the house due to special devices of water drive and pipeline systems, after which the highway transports them into a special set of external sewage.
• Cleaner-waste.Before removing wastewater into the ground or reservoir, they need to be cleaned due to a special four-stage system, which consists of several levels (physically-chemical, disinfection, mechanical, biological).

If we take the criterion of the collected drains, the sewage is next.

• Domestic. It may also be called a household or economic-fecal. It is usually denoted by K1. This type of sewerage includes the entire complex of devices that are summing up to different fixture devices. This includes trays, ladders, siphons, funnels, as well as a network of various pipelines, which consist of pipes of different sizes, mechanism of fasteners and fittings.
• Industrial or production. Usually in the schemes, its designation goes under the abbreviation K3. This sewage type is intended to divert water, which is used in some process. This type of sewage in own homes is not used, but not to say it is impossible.
• Storm or rain. This type is usually as K2. Such a system is a whole totality of drainage pipes, gutters, sandcloths, rain-seekers, funnels, and so on. Usually, most of this mechanism is laid in the open, but pipelines under the foundation can be used to transport rainwater somewhere outside the site.

It should also be noted that the sewage system in a private house can be of two types:

• autonomous;
• centralized.

The selected type will depend on where it will be to drain the water type of water - in its own septicch or in the central highway through a collector-type well. If local sewage takes place near the house and the connection to it will be cheap, it will be more profitable to connect to it due to the fact that the cost of use in this case will still be less.

In addition, cleaning systems can be different in essence.

We are talking about the following types:

• septic:
• relay;
• bioochemical with a special unit;
• cesspool.

There was already mentioned about the septica, and therefore let's say about other types.The dry lad will be a suitable solution for the cottage only, where the owners are rarely living. Yes, and he does not solve the issue of shower and kitchen. Purification using specialistantia is beneficial high performance and good degree of wastewater. But the cost of this option will be considerable due to the need for energy consumption and high cost of equipment. An option with a cesspool was not so common. But recently, the amount of stocks has increased significantly, and there is little a cesspool can cope with it. In addition, the risk of land pollution has increased significantly for this reason.

Preparatory work

Each of the above decisions of sewage treatment plants requires a clear understanding of the device and the goals for which it will be used. For this reason, before the start of work on the creation of sewage, the necessary preparation should be carried out so that the system can really work efficiently after being built and put into operation.

What should be considered?

Before starting the sewage creation, you should calculate everything to the smallest detail. And the first factor that will be extremely important is the choice of space for installation of the system.

It will affect its placement.

• As closely, the groundwater is located.
• Relief features of the territory where the sewage will be located. This is what the movement of water is usually carried out by gravity, which means the slope of the soil will be extremely important.
• Physical structure of the soil.
• The presence or absence of drinking water sources.
• How much in the winter period freezes the soil.

The sandy soil is usually loose, due to which the liquid can easily pass through it, and therefore there is a chance of contamination by household waste. On the example of the most simply solutions - septica made from concrete rings or from tires, consider what needs to be taken into account. First you need to calculate its volume. We will proceed from the fact that one member of the family who lives in the house is two hundred liters of water, which should be defended for three days.

That is, for the family where four members are numbered, a septic tank is needed by a slightly less than 2.5 thousand liters.

In addition to the factors mentioned above, it should be said that the distances to the closest residential house should be no more than five meters. It should be the same to the neighboring site. If there is a highway next to, then the distance should be twenty meters. And if there is a reservoir or a water intake point nearby, then the distance should be at least fifty meters. It is necessary to take into account the fact that if an increased level of groundwater is observed on the site, the design must be supplemented with a pump or pump for the transportation of groundwater into the filter.

Another factor that needs to be considered - the choice of materials for pipes. It is from this factor that will depend on the use of the entire mechanism. If we are talking about the sewage internal type, there are usually pipes from polypropylene or from polyvinyl chloride with a cross section of 11 centimeters, and for dilution - with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. Their cost will be lower than pipes from metal, and the service life is large.

The compounds should usually be done using a cuff performed from rubber, which are sealed with a special substance based on silicone. If we are talking about installing the outer part, then use other orange pipes. They are made in such a color scheme to be easier to find them in the ground. They are made of extremely strong plastic and also have a diameter of 11 centimeters.

Design

As it has become clear, any work of assembly nature cannot be carried out without prior to the creation of project documentation. And the installation of sewage will not be an exception. The scheme of sewage gasket is formed from a common plan for the location of the so-called wet elements. The wiring can be configured as you like, depending on the wishes of the customer.

An important aspects should be transferred, which cannot be taken into account:

• a waste disposal from the room where the toilet is located, should be carried out exclusively using pipes with a cross section of 10-12 centimeters with a length of at least 1 meter;
• polyvinyl chloride or pipes made of polypropylene five percentimeter sizes can be used under the estones of the shower and kitchen;
• if there are two or more floors in the construction and the toilet will not be alone, then they should be placed exclusively over each other (for a single-storey building, this rule does not work and it can be placed anywhere);
• opro bends should be made using the combination of two knees from plastics, the bending of which has an angle of forty-five degrees, which should reduce the risk that the sewage will be born;

• the toilet should be connected directly to the sewage riser at a minimum distance from the pipe;
• other fixes of a plumbing nature should be connected to the sewage network above the place of attachment of the toilet to eliminate the likelihood of feces in the removal line;
• the sewage riser must be displayed on the roof and install the fan hood to ensure that there is a sewage ventilation;
• the greatest distance of connecting plumbing instruments to the riser should not be above three meters, and the toilet bowl is meter.

In addition, other specialist advice should be given:

• when creating an internal sewage project, you must first compile the structure of the construction on the scale, before this by carrying out all the measurements with the help of a roulette;
• now it is necessary to determine the place of installation of risers;
• conditionally, on all floors, we celebrate the location of Santhpribors;
• depict the location of the pipes on the graph;
• we determine the size of the riser and the fan tube based on the number of instruments;
• we find the sewing point of the sewage from the construction;
• we summarize the length of all pipes and calculate the shaped elements;
• now we make the output and make up the sewage scheme.

Installation

So, now let's move on to the immediate installation of sewage in your own house and find out how to spend it right. Sliding sewage after the project was made and designed, should start with the installation of septic. To do this, it should be cut down somewhere in three meters depth. It is necessary to calculate the amount of septica in advance, taking into account the number of people living in the apartment. You can make a pit and yourself, but to speed up the process will not be superfluous to attract the special equipment. A sand pillow is made on the bottom of the pit. Its thickness should be at least fifteen centimeters.

Now, from the board or chipboard, we create a formwork design that is immediately necessary to strengthen the special reinforcing belt. You can make such a belt from the rods made of metal. To tie such rods for greater confidence using steel wires. Now we make a pair of holes in the formwork and install pipe cuts in them. These segments will become the entry points of the system highway and pereliving pipe, which connects the septic sections.

Now all formwork design should be concreted. For uniform distribution of the solution, a vibration tool is used. Note that this design should be monolithic, due to which it is usually poured once. It should also be brought as an example if the installation of a two-chamber septic is required. First, the bottom of the first compartment is formed due to the fill of concrete. As a result, we get a hermetic design where waste will be defended. It is in this part that solid large waste fractions will settle down at the bottom. But in the second part there will be a little purified liquid.

Due to the presence of a pipe that connects both compartments, it will go to the adjacent chamber.

Doing the bottom in the second compartment there is no need due to the fact that the section is made on the basis of monolithic walls. You can apply for this and the rings from concrete, which will simply be laid one to another. On the bottom we make a thick layer of sedimentary rocks. It will filter the drains. You can use gravel, pebbles or crushed stone. Between parts, we install the transfix pipe. It is located somewhere at the level of the top third of the wells. Note that usually a two-piece septic tank when conducting the septication installation process. Although, if the compartments will be desired, it may be more, which will ensure the cleaning of higher quality.

Make the overlap for the septicity is also easy to independently. This requires concrete and formwork design. Or you can take the reinforced concrete slab. In this part, it is necessary to do a special observation hatch. It will allow you to control the exhaust, as well as filling the sections. After all this, when the installation is completed, it is necessary to fall asleep with sand or land. It is necessary to clean the sump somewhere in two or three years.

The next stage will be the mains of the highway.It will be carried out from the septicity to the zone, where the sewage pipe is released from the foundation. Note that the pipeline should go as if under the slope so that the waste water can flock down. It is important that the larger the size of the pipes used, the smaller the inclined angle will be necessary for high-quality work of the highway. But the average value is about two degrees.

Note that laying the sewage should be lower than the level of the landscape of the Earth. Usually we are talking about an indicator of one meter, but sometimes it will be enough and the indicator of 70 centimeters. Although if the region refers to cold, then the level should be increased to one and a half meters. Before placing pipes at the bottom of the trench, it is necessary to create a dense sandy pillow, well its ramming. This will allow reliable pipe fixation and not to give the line to collapse when a seasonal soil shifts.

If we talk about the most correct scheme, then for giving the best solution there will be a direct highway from the construction to the collector. If necessary, you can make a turn and in this place to install the well for inspection. You can apply cast iron or plastic pipes that are intended for an outdoor type of sewage. At the joints, everyone should be done as sealed as possible. When everything is ready, the trench falls asleep with sand, and only then soil is put on it.

To connect the inner part with the external, use pipes from corrugations. This makes it possible to ensure reliability when driving the earth.

To pave pipes in the construction, we will need:

• knife fiction;
• saw to work with plastic;
• sets of setting seals from rubber.

First, we need to prepare the shaped elements.

We are talking about the following elements:

• transitional couplings that can provide the transition between pipes of different sizes;
• compound fittings on three or four holes, which allow to make pipeline branching;
• transitional discharges necessary to form transitions between pipes with the same size;
• taps forming angles, they may be 45 or 90-degrees.

In general, the sewage installation in his own house will not be difficult if everything is calculated correctly. First, the installation of vertical risers in the required quantity is carried out. Usually they are installed from the base to the roof, so that all this design can be successfully combined with the ventilation shaft. The installation site is usually selected closer to the toilet bowls that should be placed no further than in the meter from the riser. If the toilets are located, say, each other, and the house of small sizes, then one riser for such a building will be quite enough.

Note that the most far center of the plumbing plan should not be further from the riser than five meters.

Now the piping pipes are joined. First, the toilet pipes are connected, which should be lower than all others. After that, the joining of lateral branches is carried out. Sometimes a large number of sanitary pribers can be attached to the supply. It should be said that the thickness of the supply pipe should be taken with the calculation of overall performance. The last step will be the connection of the instruments under consideration using siphones. Then everything will depend on the selected category of waste disposal, the properties of the Earth, as well as how groundwater behave. Therefore, for each case, everything will be individually.

It will also be superfluous to bring an example of creating a dacual sewage mechanism without pumping. Subscribers such systems look more and more often, and therefore will not be superfluous to explain how to do them. Note that such systems are represented by two or three-chamber septic, which will be active at the same time. If there are two reservoirs in the mechanism, the sump will occupy three quarters of the structure, and for three-chamber - one second. In the first part there is a sedimentation of heavy substances. As the liquid is filling, it gets into another compartment, where there is a separation of light pieces. In the third part, the water is completely cleaned from dirt and enters the well for drainage or filtration field. It is important here that both tanks are hermetic.

This type of system requires pumping, but not so clean, as when using a simple septic. This is carried out using a drainage or fecal sewer pump, the cost of which will depend on various factors. Such equipment will be used to remove the precipitate, which accumulates in the sump. It should be noted that the frequency of this procedure will also be affected by the composition of the water type, and the size of the tank capacity. The design will be cleaned when the height of the altitude reaches the transfix level. Then it will need to pump out.

For six months in the container usually accumulates somewhere 70-80 liters of sediment.

Standards of the location of the conclusions of the sewage for different Santechnibors

What kind of sewage can be designed in such a way that all the instruments of the plumbing direction that are connected to it have a minimum number of different intermediate elements, which will only complicate the mechanism device and significantly reduce its reliability. Ideal can be called a solution when the siphon running after Santechnic is immediately connected by a smooth pipe with a previously installed sewer. For an embodiment, it will not be superfluous before creating a project to know where the sanitary equipment will be located. And it will be better to know which Santechpribor will be mounted in this place.

At the same time, for different categories of sanitary equipment, there are features that allow you to simplify the sewer connection. It will seriously affect the placement of different Santechnibors, such factors as the floor level of the clean type will seriously affect. After all, in relation to this parameter, the height of the equipment and sewage fields and the location of the water seal is underway. This parameter should be known in advance, due to which the installation of sewage pipelines can be carried out even until it is nanite the floor screed and the finish-type coating is applied.

Now let's say a little more about the sanitarynormatives related to the system for certain devices.

• The height of the connection of the siphon to the sewering construct for the washbasin should be at the level of 53-55 centimeters from the level of clean floor. His center must be right in the center of the washbasin. To create a connection, you can apply sewage pipes with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters.
• The center of the Rabba must be at the level of 22-24 centimeters, if it comes to the suspension toilet.
• In the case of washing, this figure is 30-45 centimeters right in the center of the sink.
• If the garbage collector is built into the sink, the commercial center must be at an altitude of 30-40 centimeters, but is shifted to any side.
• For the toilet bowl of the bottom type, this indicator will be somewhere 18-19 centimeters.
• For washing and dishwashers, plum hoses connect will be at an altitude of 60-70 centimeters.
• For bathtubs, as well as shower cabins with a pallet, it is necessary that the seawater center of the sewage pipe with a diameter of 5 centimeters was at a distance of no more than 6 centimeters from the level of pure floor. If this is not possible, the installation should be carried out on the stand. Although there are a number of bath models, the connection of which is carried out at the level of 8-10, or even 13 centimeters.

These recommendations work almost always, since manufacturers of such goods are trying to comply with generally accepted norms, which, by the way, are not spelled out by law. But in reality there can be anything, therefore the actual availability of equipment that will be installed on a predetermined place will be a big plus.

Possible problems and their solution

It should be said that quite often, even without disturbances, problems appear in the work of the sewage in their own home.

The most common troubles are the following.

• Sewerage bad smells.To eliminate the appearance of unpleasant odors, the toilet and sinks are attached to the mechanism using U-shaped siphones, where there is always some water. The barrier of this type does not allow to skip unpleasant odors.

• Vomor.It often happens that the system has been scored, even if the installation was carried out on all necessary rules. For this reason, the risers on all floors should be equipped with specialtroins, in order not to disassemble the system before eliminating traffic jams.
• Freezing of sewage.This is another problem that is often found. The reason is that many simply put the sewer above the level of soil freezing. It should be said that this problem should not be ignored due to the fact that sooner or later the pipe can simply burst and then it will be necessary to replace and repair.
• Missing of various elements to each other. In order to avoid such a situation, the installation should be started from the installation of the release node connecting the riser with the pipe, which is suitable for septic. The release is a metal sleeve with a pipe trimmer. Its diameter should be greater than the size of the riser pipes. Usually we are talking about the figure of 13-15 centimeters. And the sleeve should get out of the foundation for 12-16 centimeters.

So that the aforementioned and other malfunctions do not appear, you should be guided during the installation of such a system as the following principles:

• if the pipes have a different diameter, they must be shrinking with the help of special supporters;
• using oblique type tees, you can connect risers and trumpets;
• the toilet should be located as close as possible to the main riser;
• the installation of external sewage should be carried out exclusively in the warm period of the year;
• as the approach to the riser, the pipe size must become greater, and not less;
• where the cuisine and bath pipes intersect, the collector should be placed.

So that the sewage mechanism in his own home always worked efficiently and efficiently, and also functioned well, experts recommend to follow a few simple rules. The first thing to be done is to carry out on an ongoing basis, washing the pipeline of an external and internal type with a large amount of hot water. The Second Council is in Santhpribers, especially in the bathroom and in the kitchen, it is required to use garbage labels to prevent hair from entering, dirt, as well as various insoluble substances in stock.

Another important recommendation of experts is to pump various sedimentary mass at the right time, otherwise they may cause damage to the entire system. Another advice of specialists is not to allow fat waste in stock. Especially when it comes to animal fats that settle on the pipe walls and may cause the pipe to score.

Experts are recommended when purchasing components and pipes, check whether there is a rubber pad in the terminaby, as it is constantly lost in many people. In no case should not connect the fanning tube to the ventilation mechanism. According to experts, when the PVC pipes tab, it is necessary to closely close the joints due to the fact that the connecting places are extremely fragile and unstable.

It is also recommended to install an emergency removal to clean the sewage. It is usually mounted as close as possible to the plot of the pipe input into the construction in an affordable place. In addition, if a regular set of water consumption points are present in the construction, then the installation of the fan tube is completely optional, it is possible to limit the vacuum type valve.

In general, how to make sure the creation of sewage in a private house is a process that requires major calculations and much attention from the owner of the house. Moreover, the creation of such a system provides for the thinking and water supply system at home. In addition, much will depend on what type of sewage will be created. The pressure sewage will have its own characteristics, and external or internal - their own. In any case, for the competent implementation of such a venture, it is important to think over all to the smallest detail and consult with specialists.

In the absence of the possibility of connecting the house to the central sewer system, the only option is the autonomous sewage in a private house - it is not too difficult to do it with your own hands, but to perform some works, if necessary, you can attract specialists and special equipment. The cost of the project as a whole and the time of its implementation depends on individual characteristics.

Disposal of effluents is one of the determining issues when choosing a stand-alone sewage scheme. From the correctness of the choice and efficiency of the cleaning or accumulative structure, the comfort of living depends largely.

In order to compare the possible options, it was easier, we will list briefly features, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

DIY structures

Sealed cesspoolOn the one hand, it is a classic, on the other, this classic is increasingly inferior to the position of more perfect and economical designs because of its main disadvantage - the need to periodically call the assessing machine for pumping content. Services of assessing agents are not only trouble, but also inevitable expenses. At the same time, at the construction stage, a cesspool is the cheapest option.

Self-built septica Depending on the design, it can significantly increase the time intervals between the pumping of the effluent, or allow them to do without the associates, limited to the cleaning of the structure once a year or even less often. Undoubtedly, materials for the construction of septicists will have to be bought, but from an economic point of view there are certain advantages:

• you can use used materials,
• the cost of materials is lower than the finished structure,
• there is no need to spend money for work (with the rare exception of the necessary use of lifting equipment).

Materials for the manufacture of tanks during self-construction can be:

• concrete rings
• concrete (for filar construction),
• brick,
• plastic large containers (Eurokube).

Ready solutions

Ready septic tanks can be vaguely dependent or autonomous. Requiring and not requiring pumping.

Among the equipment available on the market, two main categories can be distinguished.

1. Non-volatile factory septics differ in their operational capabilities and, accordingly, at cost. The more effectively the septic (performance, degree of cleaning) works, the more it is, however, the higher the level of comfort and less effort is required for service.

In the photo, autonomous sewage based on non-volatile septicism with waterproofing of wastewater in filtration fields

2. Local Purification Stations (LOS) are quite expensive, but more efficient structures with the possibility of cleaning the effluent with removing up to 98-99% impurities and obtaining water-suitable water. Balanced systems and used biocosystem methods make LOS safe and convenient to operate. The main drawback of the LOS is the high cost of equipment and the need for electricity consumption.

The most popular models of finished cleaning structures are:

• Tank,
• Junulos,
• Tver,
• Topman.

For an independent device of the cleaning facility, you may be useful if you decide to choose this material.

And about the construction of a brick septica there.

How to install a septic tank, as well as about his device, we told on this page

Design system

The system of autonomous sewage in a private house will be easy to work only if all the nuances of operation are maximally taken into account, including:

• the average daily volume of water consumption (the volume of the tank must be at least three daily norms),
• number of drain points
• terrain relief (cleaning or accumulative structure is better placed at the lowest point),
• the level of groundwater (the design of the container and its work should exclude the likelihood of their pollution),
• the location of key objects on the site (there are sanitary standards that determine the minimum allowable distances to sources of drinking water, windows and doors of a residential building, fruit trees and a garden, a road, etc.).

When the autonomous sewage is designed with their own hands, the scheme includes:

• external communications and sewage treatment
• interior pipelines and equipment,
• ventilation system.

In order for the system to fully comply with the operating conditions and has not experienced overloads, the following items are included in the project:

• the number of residents (including a separately consistent number of possible seasonally guests in the house of relatives),
• a possible number of briefly at the same time visiting the guest house,
• the number of points of water intake and their type (equipping them with some or the other equipment),
• planning the site (optimally, if a scheme is attached with a linear size, area, house location, surplus buildings, drinking water sources).

Installation of the sewer system

In order to understand how to make autonomous sewage in a private house, you can consider the whole complex of work, separating it into separate blocks.

External communications

The external pipeline is a highway from a residential building to a wastewater collection or cleaning. An ideal option could be a straight line from one point to another, made with the necessary bias, however, it is not always possible to pave the highway in this way.

In addition, it is possible to cut into this highway additional taps (strokes from shower, bath, etc.). All turns and scenes are a potential hazard to form blocks, because when changing the flow rate, solid impurities can delay on the walls of the pipes.

Concerning specific rules should be followed:

• To eliminate abrupt changes in the direction of flow, which can cause blockage formation, oblique crosses and tees are used for installation, as well as taps with angles 15, 30 and 45 degrees.
• All locations of the direction and inserts are complemented by revision wells.

Another important point is select pipes for outdoor system. It is possible to use products from:

• plastic
• cast iron.

PVC plastic pipes for external sewage should be orange, and for internal gray

When choosing, not only the cost, but also the characteristics of the pipes are taken into account.

• If the sewage system has a stock from dishwasher and washing machines, it is better not to use polymer materials that are sensitive to high temperatures at least at the beginning of the highway, where the drains have not yet cooled.
• In areas laid down the paths, sidewalks and, moreover, only the most durable cast iron pipes are used under the road for entering the vehicles.

There are other nuances that should be taken into account by deciding how to make autonomous sewer in a private house.

• Too high, as is too low, the flow rate may cause blocking, so it is important to provide throughout the highway stable bias 2% (2 cm reducing the level for each meter of length).
• Outdoor communications are stacked in trenches, the depth of which must be greater than the depth of the primer of the soil in the region).
• Communications need mandatory thermal insulation if there is no possibility to pave them below the level of soil freezing. When laying in the unsolving layer, you can do without additional protection
• For durability of the system, all pipes other than plastic must also be protected from humidity.
• In addition to revision wells in complex places of the system, similar structures are put along the entire length of the calculation - 1 well for 10-15 meters of highway.

Inner system

Internal autonomous sewage in a private house with their own hands is performed from polypropylene or PVC pipes. In this case, the temperature of the effluent should also be taken into account and the susceptibility of the material.

The diameter of the pipes is selected depending on the volume and type of waste at each point. For washbasins, enough taps with a diameter of 50 mm, and for toilet bowls and common collectors - 110 mm. The magnitude of the slope required for the shaking of the drain without delay and the formation of the plug depends on the diameter of the line: for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, it is 3% (3 cm per meter of length), and for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm - 2% (2 cm).

To prevent the return current when the blockage occurs it is recommended to install check valves. (for each removal separately or common on the collector pipeline). When installing internal sewer systems also used waterproofs orcapable of preventing unpleasant smells from sewage.

The most important element of the sewer system is the point of connecting its internal and external components, the so-called release from the house, which is the transition of the domestic manifold with a highway transporting drains to the septic.

• If the sewage is arranged in the already built house, it is possible to install the release above the ground. In this case, high-quality thermal insulation will be required to prevent freezing.
• Issue through the foundation below the level of soil freezing reduces the degree of risk and is preferred. The ability to drill the hole for laying the pipe after the construction of the building is determined individually. It is best to arrange such a way out on stage.
• Graduation pipe through the wall should pass with the installation of the sleevewhich protects against damage and deformation exhaust pipe. The role of the sleeve acts, as a rule, the length of the larger diameter tube (by 10-15 cm), allowing styling the release pipe into it and protruding 10 cm beyond the foundation from both sides.
• When drilling a hole and installation of the sleeve, it is important to take into account the need to slope communications towards the septic. The position of the sleeve is able to determine the magnitude of this slope.

Ventilation of the sewer system

How the autonomous sewage system works largely depends on efficiency. The latter is designed to normalize the pressure in the pipelines, changing during the descent of water, as well as to be removed from the gase system. The presence of ventilation allows you to extend the durability of the system, eliminating the likelihood.

In addition, the timely influx of air into the sparserage zone arising from the descent of water eliminates the likelihood of its seizure of siphons, which is usually accompanied by unpleasant sounds. A classic solution is with the output of its free end to the roof.

During construction, certain requirements and features should be taken into account.

• The fan tube should be placed on the roof above the rest (smoke, ventilation at home).
• The distance from the fan tube to the nearest window or balcony horizontally should be at least 4 m.
• The optimal diameter of the fan tube is 110 mm (the same as the diameter of the internal riser). On the one hand, it provides the necessary traction, on the other - with such a magnitude for the system is not a critical partial narrowing of the passage due to the formation of a naked in frosty weather.

The device of autonomous sewage in the private house is increasingly complementedwhich can replace overall ventilation or work with it. Membrane or rod structures react to pressure changes. Depending on the model, the valves can only work on the intake or inlet and air intake. Installation valves can be installed on a general pipeline or on the discretions of individual plumbing structures. It is often advisable to install a similar device only on the removal of the washing machine, since it is precisely it drains water with a certain pressure, thereby dramatically changing the pressure in the pipeline.

Living in a private house, I want to create in it for your family maximum amenities, providing a high standard of living, so it is very important to think in advance over such an important issue as sewage. Sewage in a private house can be made with your own hands. This article will help you fulfill all the work correctly, competently and without harm to ecology.

With an independent building of the sewer system in a private house, you can significantly save, but it is very important to carry out all the work correctly, in accordance with all the requirements that are presented to the construction and installation work of this kind.

The selection of the sewer system should be made in accordance with the planning of a particular home. When planning the house, it is recommended to provide compact accommodation for the premises for which the water supply (shower, bathrooms, laundry, bathrooms and kitchens will be carried out. But the best option will be such a placement, in which all plumbing equipment will be tied to one pipe (collector), through which wastewater outflow will be carried out into a cesspool or septic tank.

Experts advise, with a large house, which provides for several different rooms with a tap and water supply located in different parts of the building, to give preference to this scheme of the sewer system, in which there will be at least two (and sometimes more) cesspools or septic. In addition, if your home has two or more floors, and bathrooms, bathrooms and kitchens are accommodated on different floors, then in this case you will need to install risers.

Types of sewage

All work on the construction of sewage in a private house with their own hands is reduced to the arrangement of outdoor and internal sewage. The installation of the inner sewage can be attributed to the installation of the fan tube, the riser and laying of pipes to such premises, as a shower, kitchen, toilet, etc. It includes outdoor or external sewage. From home to a deep cleaning station (a fairly expensive finished solution) or to a homemade septica (with a filtration field or storage). Of course, if you have the opportunity to connect to the centralized discharge system of the drain, the task will be very thorough. But this article will consider the autonomous system, which includes efficient wastewater treatment in septic, and such a primitive way as a cesspool.

Internal sewage

First of all, you must do in the internal scheme. Even at the design stage, it is necessary to think about all the premises to which the sewage will be supplied, as far as possible to each other, as subsequently, this approach will significantly simplify the internal sewage arrangement scheme. Each house involves an individual sequence diagram that may be the most diverse.

It should take into account the fact that in the drainage toilet should be used pipes whose diameter is 100-110 mm. For gray drains that will flow into the sewer from the kitchen or bathroom, it is necessary to use PP or PVC pipes having a diameter of 50 mm. All turns must be made using two plastic knees, bent at an angle of 45 degrees, as this will further minimize the possibility of the appearance of a blockage, eliminate which is quite problematic. Reliable and cheaper to use in the sequence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP) pipes, as they are more durable, more reliable and cheaper than cast iron. And in addition, to mount the internal sewage system using such pipes is substantially easier.

First of all, it is necessary to determine where the collective tube or riser will be located, and then it is further wiring from it.

But before this, it should be more accurate to understand how it is possible for your home to independently develop a sewage scheme, because in the future this scheme it will be possible to make a complete calculation of all that (plumbing equipment and materials), which will require you to arrange the sewer system.

You can perform a sequence diagram on a sheet into a cell, but it is advisable to purchase several sheets of millimeters for this task. In addition, you will need a roulette, a ruler and a sharp pencil.

For a private house, the sewage scheme is compiled in the following sequences:

• first you need to make a plan at home on scale. If the dimensions of the house are unknown to you, then you will have to go with a tape measure and merge everything;
• next you need to decide where the risers will be located;
• after that, it is necessary to note the placement of sanitary devices and determine how they will connect;
• at the next stage, it is necessary to note the pipes that will go from the shaped parts and the riser to the plumbing devices, as well as the BC3 connecting elements (tees, taps and others);
• all of the above should be done for each floor of your home;
• then it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the fan pipe and the riser;
• now it remains only to summarize the length of all pipes belonging to the internal sewage;
• the next step will be an outdoor system that needs to make an external sequence scheme to which pipes coming from a deep cleaning station or septicity to release. Do not forget to take into account all available and lower.

Pipes for sewage

Since the conditions inside the house and beyondly different, then the pipes for these two seasalization schemes are used different. Currently, PP and PVC pipes that have a characteristic gray color are most often used for laying pipes of internal sewage. For sun beds and risers, the diameter of such pipes is 110 mm, and for the removal of wastewall - 40 and 50 mm. But do not forget that these pipes are intended only for internal sewage, and other solutions must be used for exterior.

Most often the pipes that are laid underground from the deep cleaning station or septicity to the release are painted in orange, which is explained very simply - in the ground a bright orange color is more noticeable, compared to the others. But the pipes for external sewage are different from the rest not only by color - completely different requirements are presented. Such pipes have greater rigidity, as they will have to withstand a significant burden, being underground. There are also more strong structures, the example of which can be two-layer corrugated pipes. But the depth of laying pipes, when building a private house sewage system, usually small (most often up to 2 meters), so there is no need to apply such pipes. The red pipes most often have a diameter of 110 mm, this should be enough for a stock to remove wastewater from the house.

Cast iron

Benefits: Capable to withstand heavy loads, durable and durable.

Disadvantages: Dear, heavy and fragile, on the inside due to corrosion can form roughness, it can cause a blockage.

Polypropylene

Benefits: Light and flexible, thanks to which they are most in demand for internal sewage. Can easily withstand the high sewage temperature.

Disadvantages: If you use for destination, then there are no shortcomings.

Polyvinyl chloride

Benefits: Similar to cast iron, inexpensive and lungs. Most often used for external sewage.

Disadvantages: The high temperature of wastewater is carried out poorly, fragile (not bent, and crack).
Laying pipe

Probably the most time-consuming process in the construction of autonomous sewage in a private house with their own hands is the wiring and laying of pipes. If you decide to perform these work yourself, then you will definitely call someone to help, as this will affect not only the quality of work, but also at speed. It is also recommended to first check the tightness of the system using spraying with clean water, and only then, making sure the reliability of all seams can be started at full-fledged operation.

Connection of pipes

Previously, it was already said that the easiest option would be to use PP or PVC pipes. Currently, there are a large number of suggestions on the construction market, so you will not be difficult to find revisions, tees, knee and plastic pipes that are secure and easily connected in places of docking due to the presence of rubber cuffs. If you wish, all the places of compounds can be additionally treated with a special plumbing sealant. And in those places where labor passes through the wall or overlap, it is recommended to install a sleeve.

It is also necessary to remember about the slope of pipes. In accordance with the SNiP, in the original system, the angle of inclination of the pipe depends on its diameter. For example, for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, it is necessary to create a slope of at least 3 cm per meter, and for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm - at least 2 cm per meter. You should not forget about it, since different points of the pipeline you will need to be placed at different heights, to provide the necessary slope.

Seasonment release

In order not to face the inconsistency of the internal and external sewage systems, it is necessary to start the installation of sewage in the house from the release. The release is called the border part of the sewage system, which connects the pipe leading to the septic, with a pipe that comes out of the house (riser).

The release should be mounted through the foundation at a depth, which exceeds the depth of the primer of the soil, which corresponds to your region. You can set the release and higher, but for this you need to produce thermal insulation of the pipe so that it does not freeze in the winter. If this is not done, then the likelihood is that you can only use the toilet in the spring, after warming.

If during the construction of the foundation they did not take care of this, then you will need to punch such a hole in the foundation, in which the tap tube with the sleeve can fit. The sleeve is a small trim of pipes, the diameter of which is greater than that of the sewer pipe (130-160 mm). Such a sleeve should perform at least 15 cm on both sides of the foundation.

Summarizing the foregoing, it can be said that at this stage you need to make a hole in the foundation (if there is no) and insert a sleeve with a pipe into it. Do not forget that the diameter of the outlet should be no less than the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed in order to set the necessary slope of the pipe towards the septica (2 cm per meter).

Pipe wiring and rising installation

It is best to have a riser in the toilet, since the recommended pipe size that goes from the toilet to the riser is 100 mm. It can be mounted as openly, and hidden, depending on how the pipes will be mounted - in special boxes, wall, canals and niches or near the walls (fastening by pendants, clamps, etc.).

In order to combine sewer pipes with a riser, you should use oblique tees, and on the places of pipes of pipes, excellent in diameter, you need to use adapters. Where the pipes from the shell, bath and shower are intersecting, it is necessary to install a collector tube having a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also do not forget about the hydraulic assets that will help protect your smell from unpleasant odors.

Be sure to install a special tee (revision) with which it will be possible to produce, if necessary, cleaning the blockage. In order for the future to clean the sewage cleaning work, it is necessary to mount the cleaning after each turn.

The output of the fan pipe

The output and installation of the fan tube is given a very important role, since fan pipe is needed for:

• maintaining inside the atmospheric pressure system so that hydraulic blows and air discharge do not occur;
• increase the durability of the sewer system;
• ventilation of the entire sewage system, which in turn is necessary for efficiently operation of the septic.

The fan tube is the continuation of the riser, that is, it is a pipe that is removed on the roof of the house. Before connecting the fan tube and riser, you need to install an audit. After that, you need to withdraw the pipe at a convenient angle into the attic.

It is not recommended to simplify the work that combines the fan tube (sewage ventilation) with chimney or ventilation of the house. Moreover, it is necessary to have the output of the fan tube away from the windows and balconies, at a distance of at least 4 meters. The height of the root from the roof should not be less than 70 cm. In addition, it is necessary to have a sewage ventilation, chimney and ventilation at home at different levels.

Summer outcomeall of the above, we can say the following:

• at the first stage, it should be drawn up by a detailed layout scheme, minimizing the distance from plumbing devices to the riser as possible;
• it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes that go to the riser, in the course of connecting additional devices. It is impossible to reduce diameter;
• it is necessary to adhere to a simple rule: the more the release of the device, the closer it should be to the riser. The toilet must be located closer than all to the riser;
• when laying in the private house of sewerage, sharp corners should be excluded, and the pipes must be laid with a specific slope;
• those where blockages may form in the future, you need to provide for cleanings and revisions in advance;
• for the system ventilation in the wiring scheme, there must be a fan tube.

Outdoor sewage

You can equip the sewer in a private house with your own hands in different ways that will be discussed later. It is very important to competently choose the system that will meet all your needs.

Select the scheme of arrangement of the sewage system is necessary, taking into account some parameters:

• temporary or permanent accommodation in the house;
• the number of people living in the house constantly;
• how much of water will spend each person daily (depends on the presence of a washing machine, washbasin, sink, toilet bowl, soul, bathroom, etc.);
• at what level are groundwater;
• what kind of size is your site and how much space can be allocated for wastewater treatment facilities;
• what type and structure of the soil;
• climatic conditions.

To obtain more detailed information, all relevant SNIP and SanPiN sections should be explored.

All sewage systems for a private house can be divided into two types:

• accumulative systems (sealed sewage tank, cesspool, not having a bottom);
• buildings intended for wastewater treatment (aerotenk - septic tank, having a constant air supply, septic tank with a bio filter, septic tank with two or three chambers and a field of filtration, septic tank with two overflowing wells and natural cleaning, a simple single-chamber septic with soil purification).

Cesspool, not having a bottom

The cesspool is the most ancient and proven by many centuries in the method of sewage arrangement. This method did not have an alternative for another 50-70 ago. True, in those days, people did not use so much water in a private house, as at present.

In fact, the cesspool is a well who has no bottom. In the cesspool, you can make walls of concrete, concrete rings, bricks, or other material, and leave the soil as a bottom. After entering wastewater from the house to a hole, relatively clean water will be cleaned, seid in the soil, and solid organic waste and fecal masses will accumulate, settled onto the bottom. When with time the well is completely filled with solid waste, it will need to be cleaned.

Previously, waterproof walls did not do in the cesspool, so when it was filled, they were buried, and in another place they pulled another.

It is necessary to note the fact that the sewer in a private house can only be possible when the amount of average daily waste does not exceed one cubic meter. Only in this case, the soil microorganisms living in the soil and feeding by the organic can be able to handle water, which will penetrate through the bottom of the pit in the soil. And in the event that the volume of stock will exceed this rate, water will not receive the necessary cleaning, which will lead to groundwater contamination. If this happens, the radius of 50 meters will be infected with all sources of water. If you add to the cesspool of microorganisms, then thanks to this, the unpleasant odor will slightly decrease, which comes from it, and also accelerates the process of water purification. But still do not risk.

Output. Build a cesspool that does not have a bottom, it is only when the house does not live constantly, and there are several times a week, without spending a lot of water. Also, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the groundwater must fix at least one meter below the bottom of the pit, otherwise you will not be able to avoid pollution of water and soil sources. The cesspool has the lowest cost, but even despite this now it is not popular in cottages and modern country houses.

Sealed tank in the form of a cumulative tank

In this case, near the house it is necessary to establish a hermetic container, in which the wastewater will be drained from all over the houses. You can purchase a ready-made container in the store, which can be made of metal, plastic or other material. But if you wish, you can make such a container with your own hands from concrete rings. The lid can be made of metal, and bottom of concrete. The main condition for the construction of the sewage of this type is complete tightness. For this type of sewerage, corrugated Pragma pipes can be used.

Such capacitance will definitely need to be cleaned when it is completely filled, for which you have to call an assession machine, which will cost you from 15 to 30 USD. The required capacity of the tank and the frequency of its emptying depends on the volume of wastewater. For example, if four people live on an ongoing basis in the house, which use the washing machine, toilet, sink, shower and bathroom, the cumulative tank must have a volume of at least 8 cubic meters, and it will be necessary to clean it every 10-14 days.

Output. If you have groundwater in your site quite high, then as an option for setting up the house sewage system, you can use a hermetic cesspool. With it, you can completely protect the water sources and the soil from possible pollution. But the disadvantage of such a system is that you will need to call an asserenitarian car quite often. For the same reason, it is necessary to think in advance above the place where the pit will be placed so that there was a convenient entrance to it. The bottom of the tank or pit should not be from the surface of the soil of the deeper than three meters, since otherwise the hose will not be able to reach the bottom. The cumulative capacitance cover must be insulated so that the pipeline is protected from freezing. The cost of such a capacity will be directly dependent on its volume and material from which it will be manufactured. The use of used Eurocubes will be the cheapest option, and the most expensive brick or concrete fill. Also do not forget about monthly consumption for cleaning capacity.

The easiest option of soil cleaning is a single-chamber septic

The single-chamber septicch is not particularly different from the usual cesspool, and sometimes it is called it. This structure is essentially a well, in which the bottom is covered with a small layer of rubble (at least 30 cm), and coarse sand is covered with coarse sand with the same layer. In this case, wastewater from the house falls along the pipes into the well, where the water is then seeping through the sand, crushed stone and the soil, cleaning at the same time by 50%. Of course, crushed stone and sand significantly increase the quality of water purification, but does not solve this problem.

Output. It is not recommended to build a sewer in a private house using a single-chamber septica if people live in a house constantly or with a large amount of wastewater. This option can be used only with low groundwater and temporary accommodation. Also, periodically it will be necessary to change rubble and sand, as they will be stunned.

Overflows - Sustaines - two-chamber septic

The construction of filtering wells and overflow springs is a rather popular way to arrange sewage in a private house, moreover, this option is quite economical and can be mounted independently.

This sewer system consists of two wells: the first well has a hermetic bottom, and the second - does not have the bottom, but is piled by rubble and sand.

From the house, wastewater falls into the first well, in which the feces and solid waste are lowered to the bottom, and fat flooded on the surface. Between the two layers, relatively clarified water is formed. The first well is connected to the second for about 2/3 of its height of the overflow pipe, which is located under a slight inclination, allowing water to flow freely. A slightly clarified water falls into the second well, which is then seeping through the sand, crushed stone and the soil, cleaning even more.

The first well performs the role of a sump, and the second - filtering well. From time to time the first well is filled with feces and for its cleaning you will need to call an associate machine. It must be done about once every six months. In order to reduce the amount of unpleasant odors, you need to add to the first well of microorganisms, decomposing feces.

The two-chamber septicch described above can be made with their own hands from bricks, concrete or concrete rings, but you can buy a ready-made plastic septic from the manufacturer, which will produce additional cleaning with special microorganisms.

Output. Installing in a private house, a sewage-based system based on two overflow wells is only when, even in a flood, groundwater level is below one meter from the bottom of the second well. If there is a sandy or sandy soil on your site, it will be the perfect option. But remember that somewhere after five years, sand and crushed stone in the second well will be replaced.

Soil and biological purification - septic tank with filtering field

This type of septic is made in the form of a single container, which is divided into several separate containers connected by pipes, or 2-3 sections. Usually, if you wish to establish this type of sewer system, the finished version is purchased.

The first septic tank is designed to defend the drains, as it happens in the usual sump well. Next, partially clarified water through the pipe goes to the second section or a container, where all existing organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. After that, more clarified water follows the filtration fields.

Filtering field is quite extensive (about 30 sq.m) area under the ground, where the soil wastewater is passed. In this case, the water is cleared by about 80%, thanks to the large area. If the soil will be sandy or sandy on your site, it will be the perfect option, and otherwise you will need to build an artificial filtering field from sand and rubble. After the water passes the filtering field, it is assembled into the pipelines and is sent to the wells or drainage ditches. Above the filtration field is not allowed to plant edible vegetables and trees, you can only smash the flowerbed.

Over time, the filtering field will be lit and it will need to be cleaned, relieving the sand and crushed stone. This is a very large amount of work, and your site may suffer.

Output. The construction in the private house of sewage with the filtering field is recommended only when groundwater is at a depth of at least 2.5-3 meters. It should also be remembered that the filtration field to residential buildings and water sources should be a distance of at least 30 meters.

Natural Cleaning Station - Septic Biofilter

With the help of a deep cleaning station, you can produce full-fledged sewage installation in a private house, even with a sufficiently high level of groundwater.

This station is a container that is divided into 3-4 sections. It is best to purchase it from a proven manufacturer, specifying in advance from professionals about the necessary equipment and scope. The cost of such a septica begins from 1200 cu, which is not at all cheap.

The first camera of this septic is designed to settling water, and in the second, the decomposition of organic residues occurs with the help of anaerobic microorganisms. In the third chamber there is separation of water, and in the fourth organic, it decomposes with the help of aerobic bacteria, which necessarily need a constant air flow. To ensure this condition, the camera is mounted on the camera, which should rise above the ground by 50 cm. In a pipe that leads from the third chamber to the fourth, a filter is installed in which the aerobic bacteria is counted. In fact, this is a filtering field, but it is concentrated and more miniature. Due to the larger concentration of microorganisms and a small area of \u200b\u200bwater promotion, water purification occurs more thoroughly (up to 90-95%). Water purified in this way can be used for washing the car, watering the garden and much more. From the fourth chamber there is a pipe, which is sent either to the drainage database, or in the accumulation tank.

Output. For a private house, where they live constantly, septic with a biofilter is an excellent solution. Add microorganisms to the septic tank very simple - they need to be simply pouring into the toilet. This cleaning station has no restrictions. Its benefits can be attributed to the fact that it does not require electricity to work. The disadvantage is the fact that this station needs permanent accommodation, since devoid of wastewater bacteria will simply die. If you add new bacteria there, they will start working only in two weeks.

Artificial purification station - Septic tank having forced air supply

This is practically an accelerated purification station in which natural processes occur artificially. The arrangement of the sewer system of the private house with the help of the aerotank is not possible without summing up the electricity septic, which is necessary for connecting the air distributor and air pumping pump.

This Septic has three separate containers or cameras that are connected to each other. Water on the sewer pipe enters first in the first chamber, in which it is settled and falling into the precipitate of solid waste. Next, partially clarified water is pumped into the second chamber, which is essentially an aerotank, where the active IL is mixed with water, consisting of plants and microorganisms. All bacteria of active yals and microorganisms are aerobic, so forced aeration is required for their livelihoods.

Then the water mixed with the sludge falls into a third chamber, which is a sump of deep cleaning, after which the Il is pumped by a special pump back to the aerotane.

Due to the forced air supply, wastewater treatment occurs quite quickly, and purified water can be used for various technical needs (watering the garden, washing the car, etc.).

Output. Aerotenk is definitely quite expensive (from 3700 cu), but at the same time very useful. There are no restrictions when installing this sewage type. Among the disadvantages, only the need for electricity can be noted, as well as permanent accommodation, so that bacteria do not dock.

If on your site a high level of groundwater, then making a conclusion from all written above, you can stop your choice for several options:

• aerotenk (Aeration Cleaning Station);
• septic with biofilter;
• sealed container in which waste accumulates.

General rules for sewage in a private house

There are certain restrictions on the placement of sewage system objects.

Septic location:

not less than 10 meters from the garden;
not less than 20-50 meters from any water sources (reservoir, well, well);
Not less than 5 meters from residential buildings.

Location of a residential building:

300 meters from stations and drain wells;
50 meters from the cleaning aircraft installations;
25 meters from the filter field;
8 meters from the filtering well.

Be sure to make a project of a private house sewage system and do not try to do everything without it, since the sewage is such a system in which there can be no approximation. It is best to contact the architects or to the project bureau where professionals will help you create a competent project, taking into account the conditions of operation, climate, site and soil. And even better, if you make a sewage project together with the project of the house, even before the construction of construction.

The work on the installation of the sewage system for a private house does not represent a special complexity. You only need to properly dilute through the house of the pipe, connect them to the collector and bring to the septic. For earthworks, you can hire an excavator, and you can perform them yourself. The main thing is to draw up a project and the competent selection of the sewage system.

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Deciding independently build a house you need to take care not only about the foundation and roof, but also how to make the sewage in a private house. There is a step-by-step instruction that tells how to make a sewage in a private house, which will work effectively and deliver comfort by living.

The project of the sewer system is designed together with the project of the house. Before purchasing materials and laying pipes, it is necessary to deal with the nuances of the system, calculate all the parameters and understand the purpose of each individual element.

Construction of the sewer system with their own hands will allow not only to save finances, but may also be much stronger than when working professionals.

First you need to determine at what distance from the site is the central highway. If there is direct access to it, the unprofessional builder can easily cope with installation.

The entire sewage system in a private house is divided into three parts:

• internal;
• external;
• sustaines.

The inner part includes all the elements that are indoors, external - respectively, elements that come out of the house and are located on the street. Sustainers or collections are cesspools, septic tanks and other tanks.

From the very beginning, you need to think over all the details and connections in the house, as to disassemble the entire system after running it into operation it can be more difficult than making it from scratch. Most of all will bring problems in the work of the inside of the sewage.

Necessary materials

The structure of the sewage in a private house and apartment buildings has many similarities. The main element of the system is riser. All water used and waste from the bathroom is directed to it. All work is reduced to the passage of fluid on the riser, move it along the sewer tube and move to the sump.

So that the sewage is served for many years, the materials must be expensive and high-quality.

To work in a private house will be required:

• pipes (quantity is determined during design);
• adapters for connecting pipes of various sizes;
• tees that are necessary for branching;
• fastenings for fixing all elements;
• taps on the size of pipes;
• caps for sealing holes, silicone sealant.

The riser and the pipe for removal from the toilet from home is better to do as widely as possible. The rising place is selected depending on the layout of the bathroom. It can be installed in the corner of the room or to build a special mine. Hide building can be hidden in floors, walls, gender.

The riser is securely fixed and fixed. Next, the connecting nodes for pipes will be aligned, which will be separated from the bathroom, sink and toilet bowl. If the choice stopped on plastic pipes, the rigid fixation is a key point, since under the action of fluid pressure, the material may be bent. The joints of the seal rings are treated with silicone sealant.

Technical nuances

With independent installation of sewerage in a private house, such rules should be guided by:

1. In order for water to be easily and quickly flowed from the toilet or bathroom into the sewer - pipes must be installed under the tilt. Each meter tube leans at about 3 degrees.
2. In the place of the output to the street, a slope of 15 degrees is established.
3. It is better to use smooth pipes. The relief can linger the garbage, which will lead to clogging, and further breakage of the system.
4. After connecting pipes, it is necessary to make fixation. Waterproof materials are used, or a drywall box is constructed.
5. In place, where the vertical drain turns into a horizontal, preference is given to the 45-degree connecting element. There will be less fluid pressure on such a node than on a 90-degree.
6. To easily clean the cloudy sewer, the viewing couplings are installed in advance.
7. Along the highway to eliminate breaks, wells are built.
8. In order not to damage the foundation, as well as eliminate the clogging of the pipes, between the foundation and the sump is laid a distance from 5 to 15 meters.
9. To make a trench for the sewer pipe, you need to focus on the climatic conditions of the region. The pipe should be lower below the level of primerization of the soil.

Working with the internal system

The internal sewer system includes plumbing, household appliances. In a private house there is an opportunity to organize a bathhouse, a swimming pool.

For work, the pipes with a diameter of 32 to 50 mm will be needed, the pipe deploying from the toilet bowl with a diameter of up to 100 mm and risers.

Determine the angle of tilt the pipe can be known for the pipe diameter. If its size is 50 mm, then the slope must not exceed 3.5 cm if the size of the pipe is 100 mm, then the optimal tilt is 2 cm. Wide tubes with a diameter of 125 mm tilted by no more than 1.5 cm.

For efficient operation of the sewer system, you must know the following rules. To connect pipes with a riser use crossmen and tees. The removal in the rectangular area should be more than 90 degrees. The maximum length of the weighted part is 10 meters.

As for the riser, it is excreted at the roof of the house and performs the role of ventilation. The minimum lifting of the pipe over the roof is 70 cm. In the indoors at an altitude of 1 meter, a hatch is installed on the stand, an audit will be conducted through it. If the room is not heated, it is recommended to heat the riser.

Work with external system

In order to make external sewage systems, corrugated pipes from polypropylene or PVC materials are used.

So that the system worked smoothly, it is better to make it straight. If it is impossible, small smooth turns are allowed. Sharp discharges should be avoided.

The depth of laying the main part of the pipe is chosen on the basis of the degree of primerization of the soil. But its beginning should not be deeper than 50-80 cm. This will create favorable conditions for creating the right inclination.

Next you need to do earthworks. It is necessary to dig a trench for the sewer tube and the place for the septic. Under these elements, there is definition of the sand of a large fraction. The main task of the subwoofing is to protect the sewage in the event of a soil session. It will also simplify the setting angle of inclination. Sand replacement on brick, stone, soil, boards. All these materials can lead to mechanical damage to pipes.

In the external sewer system, the angle of inclination is slightly different. Pipes lean away in the side of the septica by about 2 centimeters, but no longer for each meter, and 10 meters.

You can choose one of three septicles:

• with mechanical cleaning;
• autonomous sewage treatment plant:
• cesspool.

Procedure

To make the sewer with your own hands in the house, follow the following plan:

1. Create a project of the building.
2. Determine the places.
3. Determine places for plumbing and household appliances.
4. Determine the methods of connecting plumbing to the openings.
5. Apply to the project building the layout of connecting pipes, taking into account layout and tees.
6. Apply the nozzles on the markup, which connect the styles and sumps with plumbing.

Procedure for conducting work:

1. Set risers.
2. Install fan pipes.
3. Make all sewage divorces indoors.
4. Make a project of external sewage taking into account the exhaust pipe and well.

Connect the inner and outdoor parts.