I disassemble old books and stumbled upon my old school letter 1984 release. Slisters flew and, honestly, stuck. This children's book, according to which the kids need fun and glad to learn to read, turned out to be so thickly impregnated with communist propaganda, which is even surprising, as we born in the USSR, it was possible to avoid final and irrevocable zombies.

Trash starts from the first page. I quote: "Today you start your way into a wonderful, extraordinary country - the country of knowledge. You will learn to read and write, first write the most expensive and loved ones for all of us: Mom, Motherland, Lenin"

Further more. Lenin, Party, Great October, USSR - The world's best country, veterans, WWI, and - Pretty persistent silence of the idea to become a cosmonaut. The feeling that the USSR planned a large-scale space expansion.

So do not be surprised by the number of wool in the brains of compatriots. Rather, it is surprised that even with such ambitious and systematic efforts, state feasible people remained.

Publications of the section Literature

Liquor

On October 10, 1918, the decree "On the introduction of new spelling", which excluded the letters from the alphabet ѣ, ѳ, I, canceled the writing Kommersant at the end of words - and in general, he led Russian spelling to the same thing in which we know her today. "Culture. RF" talks about the main post-revolutionary sites of different years.

"ABC" Vladimir Konashevich, 1918

Alphabet Vladimir Konashevich (cover). Petersburg, publishing house R. Golike and A. Vilborg. 1918.

Alphabet Vladimir Konashevich. Petersburg, publishing house R. Golike and A. Vilborg. 1918.

The illustrated "alphabet" of the Soviet artist Vladimir Konashevich became one of the first benefits of the new spelling (without the letter "yat"). The idea of \u200b\u200bthe book was born during the correspondence of the artist with his family stuck on the sliced \u200b\u200bArmy of Kolchak from the Soviet Republic of the Urals. "Dad wrote mom's mom, but I sent pictures for each letter of the alphabet, - remembered the daughter of Konashevich Olga Caido. - I have been four years old, and, obviously, he believed that it was time to know the letters ". Later, Konashevich decided to publish these drawings on the advice of acquaintances - and in 1918 the "ABC" was published. It included 36 pictures painted by watercolor. The objects and phenomena in the "alphabet" were the most different, from animals and plants to vehicles and toys. They were simply depicted, without promising distortion, since Vladimir Konashevich believed that "the child must understand the picture at first glance."

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Soviet alphabet (cover). Moscow, 1919.

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Soviet alphabet. Moscow, 1919.

"The intellectual does not like risk. / And red in moderate as radish " - And so from "A" to "I". This topical alphabet came out for the first time in 1919, and Vladimir Mayakovsky was the author not only her epigram, but also caricature illustrations for each of the letters of the alphabet.

The main audience of this traveler was the redarmeys, which Mayakovsky wanted to teach to the poetic language with the help of such satirical edition. "There were such sharpness that are not very good for the cabin, but which are very good for the trenches."- he remembered. Mayakovsky personally painted about five thousand copies of the alphabet printed in the empty Stroganovsky printing house when the centuries refused to poet in the publishing book. Later, many biennies from the "Soviet ABC" Mayakovsky suffered to the cult "windows of growth."

"Down with illiteracy", 1920

Dora Elkin. Down with illiteracy! (Tank for adults). Moscow, out-of-school subwoofing Mono, 1920

Dora Elkin. Down with illiteracy! (Tank for adults). Moscow, out-of-school subwoofing Mono, 1920

Under this name in 1919-1920, the first editions of the Soviet tank for adults, developed by the ELKINA and the team of co-authors, were published. These benefits taught the Azame readings and letters based on political slogans: for example, students needed to read in the syllables of the phrase "Tips Nabat people", "we carry freedom to the world" and the famous Palindrome "We are not slaves, slaves - not we." The illustrations of the first Soviet alphabet served bright agitplacats, scenes from the life of the proletariat.

In a few years, the company "Down with illiteracy" was created, the purpose of which was the elimination of mass illiteracy. His work was supervised by large state figures: Mikhail Kalinin, Nadezhda Krupskaya, Anatoly Lunacharsky. Under the post of society, not only training aids, but also cultural and educational magazines, such as "cultito-ship" and "improve literacy" were published. According to historians estimates, for 13 years of its existence, the Society "Down with Illiteracy" was taught about 5 million Soviet citizens.

Gravist "Pioneer", 1925

Ivan crickets. Pioneer. Children's scroll (cover and title page). Leningrad, Giz, 1925

Ivan crickets. Pioneer. Children's tank. Leningrad, Giz, 1925

The purpose of this manual was to train schoolchildren not only asam literacy, but also the device of the surrounding world and Soviet life. "Pioneer" told small readers about life in cities and villages, about various proletarian professions, about domestic and wild animals, about measurements of length, weight and time using art illustrations. Of course, strong was in the book and the ideological component. The October Revolution and Vladimir Lenin and Vladimir Lenin were one of the main painter images: many poems of the bookpiece were devoted to them.

And the childhood itself in the young Soviet country "Pioneer" was inextricably tied with the concept of "our": the generals were depicted by gardens, schools, camp and even revolution.

"Soundman" of Nicholas Golovin, 1937

Nikolay Golovin. Cover (cover). Moscow, uchochegiz, 1937

Nikolay Golovin. Primer. Moscow, uchochegiz, 1937

"Children taught the whole country / by tanning gathering", - spoke in the Soviet Union, and not without exaggeration. Perhaps there was no school at the end of the 1930s - early 1940s, where they did not read this textbook compiled by the Honored Teacher of the RSFSR Nikolai Golovna. The material in the book was located from a simple to complex: from reading in syllables to the words, from short stories about ordinary children's classes to poems dedicated to Lenin and Stalin, with a clear political subtext.

A distinctive feature of the "tank" were illustrations to which the editorial board presented special requirements. The images were bright, positive and simple, not overloaded details, and also had an extremely clear edge and educational tone, demonstrating the readers of the patterns of proper behavior.

"Soundman" Alexandra Voskresenskaya, 1944

Alexander Voskresenskaya. Cover (cover). Moscow, uchochegiz, 1956

Alexander Voskresenskaya. Primer. Moscow, uchochegiz, 1956

The "letter" for the authorship of the methodologist and teacher in the Russian language Alexandra Voskresenski was one of the most successful benefits for younger school: he was reissued twenty times. The secret of the success of the scribe was a successful combination of tasks for the development of memory, imagination and training of letters and reading skills. The material in the manual became complicated smoothly and gradually: from a combination of sounds to syllables, from them - to short words, small phrases, and so on. The main motive of illustrations in the book was a measured and happy rustic life (initially for the "bookbird" of the Resurrection studied in rural schools).

Alexander Voskresenskaya also paid special attention to training for preschoolers and created the famous "ABC with a stork" to teach children in the family.

"Tank" Sergey Redozubova, 1945

Sergey Redozubov. Cover (cover). Moscow, uchochegiz, 1946

Sergey Redozubov. Cover (cover). Moscow, uchochegiz, 1956

Sergey Redozubov. Primer. Moscow, uchochegiz, 1950

The post-war letter illustrated with scenes of peaceful work and recreation: Young pioneers were depicted behind extracurricular reading, games, sports and cleaning. Describing these pictures and relying on auxiliary, schoolchildren learned to invent short stories to each lesson. Closer to the end of the "Bookwire" there were poems and stories for reading, including recycled Russian folk tales. True, the allowance was difficult for children: it did not always comply with the gradual complication of phrases and texts for parsing, as well as each of his page was overloaded with words with identical or similar syllables.

Vseslav Goretsky. Primer. Moscow, publishing "Enlightenment", 1993

Dr. Pedagogical Sciences Vseslav Goretsky built his letter not according to the alphabet, but in the frequency of consumption of letters in speech and in the letter: discovered the book "A" and "O", and closed "B" and "Kommersant." Also, it was the first letter, which was released along with the crumbs and didactic material.

A feature of the "bookpoint" was his play form. Traveling to "Country of Knowledge" Together with the disciples divided popular heroes: Pinocchio, Dunno and Murzilka, and the tasks often had fun riddles and rebuses. The book also contained many simple to memorize poems, including the authorship of Alexander Pushkin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Kornea Chukovsky and Samuel Marshak.

Goretsky's "letter" turned out to be so popular and beloved in children, that he was continued to publish and republish as many as 30 years, even after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

September 1st! How long have I went to school that already missed ... Represent only, I finished school 25 years ago !!! I studied 9 classes (in fact 8, we jumped out one class during reforms), then there was a technical school, a campaign renamed college ... well, another story.

But in this note it will be not about me, but about the era of the school 80s. Amazingly, I have left from that time ABC and Primer.
Primer - my (albeit without a facial cover), and ABC - Brother (the book is very well preserved).

I am very happy that I have these copies, I am pleased to show them today's children and compare with the books of the present time. Well, in this report, I will show them to all of you and I think that it is especially pleasant for them to take exactly those who studied in the 80s .. because not everyone has such books.

1. Meet, " Primer»Editions of 1982, with whom I went to the first class, and" ABC»Editions of 1987, I visited her 1st grade My brother.

2. Immediately look at the opposite side of the books, amazing, but if the lettering cost 45 kopecks, then the alphabet is only 30 kopecks. It turns out that there was no inflation, but noticeable deflation! Or is it saving on the design, as the fruit of "restructuring"? :-)

3. Open the book, here it is, ABC ... All letters are familiar? 😁

5. His image in school books was unobtrusive and pleasant, a real comrade.

6. Polyte these books as we then studied. First, my letter ...

7. Accents, syllables, there are also road signs and instructions.

8. Workers professions, and of course we do not forget what beautiful country we live.

9. At the end of the scroll - Leonid Ilyich.

10. Now the alphabet: books are similar in content, but are slightly different.

11. We look at the pictures and remember childhood ...

12. At "X", of course bread!

13. And of course about the dream .., being a teenager, I thought that mankind would soon fly to other planets! That's where a decent goal for earthlings ;-)

14. In my letter there was no such thing, in the Alphabet of Brother, the anthem was taught at the end!
What country ruined ... The current EU, it is a church on laughter.

The bookwheel was forgiving such a poem:

You are these letters of comic.
Their three dozen face
And for you they are keys
To all good books.

On the road to take not forget
Keys of magic ligaments.
In any story you will find the way
You will enter any fairy tale.

Read the books about the beasts,
Plants and machines.
You will visit the seas
And on the gray vertices.

You will find courage example
In his favorite book.
See all USSR,
All the Earth from this tower.

You wonderful edges
It will open the path from "A" to "I"!

It is a pity that in the modern world, a number of Russian words are replaced by Slag and British. And the benefit that some continue to read not only the chats on the Internet.

Download Soviet textbook

To study! To study! And once again learn!

V.I. Lenin

Approved by the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR

© " Pwise Moscow 1987.

Format: PDF, File size: 5.35 MB.

Today you start your way into a wonderful, extraordinary country - the country of knowledge! You will learn to read and write, for the first time you will write the most expensive and loved ones for all of us: Mom. Motherland ,.

The school will help you become a competent and hardworking citizen of our Great Motherland - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Congratulations on the start of study and give the first school book - the scroll. Keep him safe! He will open your door to the world of new, interesting books. From it, you know how great our homeland is beautiful, how much the Soviet people do so that the world is always on the whole earth! ..

Be diligent and hardworking.

In a good way, dear friend!

Download textbook USSR - Graduate 1987

Cm. Excerpt from the textbook ...

Pilots in flight - those who are in the sky at work!

Those who have furnaces - no work hot!

Tractorist -

Glory in the field

And your work at school.

Your work is also in sight.

Honest work!

Cats and wolf.

There was a goat. She had seven children. She made her hut in the forest. Every day went the goat for feeding into the forest. Itself will leave, and the kids make it tightly firmly bother and no doors open ...

When the dog is suitable for a swamp, Chibis flies from the nest and lures the dog behind him. He runs in front of the dog herself. The dog rushes behind him, wants to catch. And Chibis takes the dog from its nest.

One user wrote:

- Is the alphabet printed abroad? I always believed that in the USSR with the printing industry everything was fine ... Well done Germans - managed everywhere. And they tried for themselves, and they helped us

I also broke my head - why in the alphabet and the lettering a different order of letters?))

lybimye_Knigi.
For me, still remains a mystery where this alphabet was used - at school or kindergarten? I remember my blue letter, we were given it immediately in the first grade, I even had my photo with him at the desk. I also remember the alphabet, but when did we study it? Both books are equally teaching to read, why did you have to duplicate?

elenka_knigolub.
I think that this ABC was intended for children with parents or in kindergarten.
Looked now the letter - it is more difficult: there are already vowels / consonants, solid / soft sounds, a letter, charaks, rebuses, and in general it was approved by the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, unlike the ABC.
And this alphabet, by the way, contains in addition to the letter section, also materials for learning an account, as well as dedicated to children's creativity.

For those who want to "Polystay" alphabet online -

Soundman, 1987

Almost all Soviet children studied in this host.

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Gravist 1970.

First-graders of the 70s were lucky less - the cover of the "letter" of the 1970 sample was more simple and laconic. I studied in the first grade in 1984.

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8. Printed in the GDR. And yet why? And "Who is? What is?" In two volumes, also once was printed in the GDR.

My husband and my husband had such a textbook from two parts, according to which the Russian language was taught.
Designed for the preparatory and first classes of national schools, as well as for foreigners, begin to learn Russian.

Russian language in pictures.

Barannikov I.V., Varkovitskaya L.A. Old textbook editorial. 1971.

I had such a thing. The second part was not found.

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4. The table of the textbook reflects the Soviet life of the 60s.


5. Pay attention - slab on firewood.


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These publications were me and my husband. Loved them to flip in childhood - look at the paintings and try to read words.

1982. First part

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13. For me this garden was like a living creature)

14. Perfect family dinner. Again grandmother fries, Mom cooks soup.

The second part of.

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9. Gas stove. Soviet life of the late 70s and early 1980s.

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12. Soviet supermarket, and earlier it is supermarkets for the sale of a full range of food and beverages. Supermarket.

13. And a small cake turned out to be a sign - this is a "fairy tale"!

14. To this day, I remember this when we communicate on the Internet - on the forums, in the chat rooms: some go to bed, while others are still at work.

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I always liked illustrations in this style. Emotional. Animals like people. Such pictures in all textbooks and in allowances for extracurricular work. For a long time I could not find the surname of the artist. The exclusion method suggested that it is E.V. Victorov. I did not find about him on the Internet. Maybe someone from readers knows about him?

E.V. Victorov created covers and for notebooks in mathematics.

Probably, this is one of the first works of the artist. Tutorial "Native speech. Grade 1" 1975.

And what were the first Soviet alphabets?

On December 26, 1919, decree was issued on the elimination of illiteracy among the population of the RSFSR. Among the items of the decree was this:
8. The evasive departments established by the real decree and impede the illiterate to visit schools are involved in criminal liability.
So, everyone who can read and write was obliged to train illiterates, and those to go to school. Apparently, in some families, they did not allow girls and women to go to schools - they say, it's not a bass business.

However...
5. Study literaging employed, with the exception of employed in militarized enterprises, the working day is reduced by two hours for all the time of study with salary preservation.

Full decree text -

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6. Only under the Soviet power of the woman could learn to read and write - because it was believed that "Baba" is not capable of studying.

Gravist for adults "Down with illiteracy" (1920), starting the slogan "We are not slaves. Slaves are not us",

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There were others - the "Worker-Peasant Writer", the communist letter "Communicative Red Armyman" and "Antireligious ABC" (1933).

ABC revolution, 1921

The series of posters "ABC revolution", performed by the Ukrainian artist Adolf Insurance, was first published in 1921. The main theme of this kit is the life of the Young Soviet Republic in the first post-revolutionary years. "Alphabet of the Revolution", despite the not quite perfect literary form of his poems, appeared, was a significant phenomenon in the agitation art of the 1920s and later - in 1969 - Mussettvo's Kiev Publishing House was reprinted.

Continuation of the ABC -

Antireligious alphabet. It is unlikely for first-graders.

Utilburo isogy.
Moscow 1933 Leningrad.
Artist Mikhail Mikhailovich Cheremnyh.

- Nowadays in Russia are not able to create whatever intelligent social advertising. No creative execution is so-so. And then - a whole alphabet with decent and expressive (I speak as a specialist) illustrations!
"In our time in Russia, they are not able to create any sensible social advertisement" - in our time everything is strongly "smarter" and just that they are thrown by their rights. Therefore, good social advertising you will not see ..

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Well, who might think that we would live before the time when a similar picture will again become relevant.

5. What did Gandhi please the Soviet Bolsheviks?

- Well, apparently, during his political maneuvers, various criticism appeared in his address.
- These are the communists, they always saw only enemies abroad, so against India, as well as against other countries, people set up ..
- Read the story. The USSR always tried to maintain friendly relations with India, as with a revolutionary country that rebels against the yoke of British colonial forces.
- In vain, they are so about Gandhi.

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- As far as I remember, Ford supported the fascists during the Time Reich, here it was attributed to this alphabet

- He was delivered here only because the so-called Ford conveyor in the understanding of the Communists is the most pronounced form of operation, where the personality of a person in the production of any object does not have the slightest value.

Continuation of the book B.

There was a "Soviet erotic alphabet", established in 1931 by the future People's Artist of the USSR Sergey Dmitrievich Mercurov (1881-1952). Interestingly, the author of this alphabet was a sculptor monumentalist, the author of numerous monuments of Joseph Stalin (including the three largest in the territory of the USSR) and Lenin, as well as tombstones at the Kremlin Wall - F.E. Dzerzhinsky, A.A. Zhdanov, M.I. Kalinin, Ya.M. Sverdlov, M.V. Frunze.

ABC Vladimir Konashevich - This time for children. Without revolutionary slogans.

As the artist's daughter remembered, "Azbuka" was born from letters, which Konashevich wrote his wife: "Dad wrote mom's mom, but I sent pictures. On each letter of the alphabet. I have been four years old, and, obviously, he believed that it was time to know the letters. Later these pictures were published under the title "Alphabet in the drawings of the ll. Konashevich ".

Publisher: TV-in R. Golik and A. Vilborg
Place of publication: Petrograd
Year of publication: 1918

Interestingly, a solid sign on the end of words is absent in the alphabet, but the letters are preserved - Fita and Izhitsa.

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5. Two spelling options are old and new.

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Fully alphabet -

Graduate 1937 year

Time is that it is necessary to praise the leaders and expensive comrades almost kneeling ...

I.S. Belyaev. Gravist.1943g.

Gosizdat K-FSSR.

A prominent leader of the folk formation of Karelia. On teaching work from 1930 to 1940 From 1940s - Deputy Commissar, and from 1944. to 1951 - People's Commissar - Minister of Folk Enlightenment K-FSSR. In 1944-1949. Much made to restore the school chain of Karelia. Honored Teacher of Karelia, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, author of more than 20 textbooks. Several textbooks were prepared and during the war years.

After the war.

"ABC", 1970.

Publishing house "Enlightenment", the edition of the tenth. Authors: Resurrection A.I., Redozubov S.P., Yankovskaya A.V.

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8.Mom works at home - who?

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And this is a letter for children with limited hearing. Dehonomy called children with 2-4 degree of hearing loss and with full hearing loss. It was not there any special equipment (headphones and microphones) and powerful hearing aids that would help children with 2-4 degrees. There were no modern methods of learning the speech of children. Therefore, they were taught to write competently, to read on the lips - if you can not say, let him write on the piece of paper. And read books - a source of knowledge. Dactual alphabet and gesturing language at the time were, but there are not a lot of survivors, mostly hearing children of deaf parents who have lost their rumors after the disease (acquired non-teaching deafness)

Zykov S.A. Gravist for Schools Deaf

Publisher: State. Educational and pedagogical publishing house of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR Year: 1952

This letterproof is built on sound (analytical synthetic) method. Education is designed for one and a half years. In order to maintain the interest of students in the tank exercise, the texts are given, texts are accompanied by illustrations. For the development of a sense of rhythm in the tank, short poems are placed. When reading by lettering, children get acquainted with such grammar concepts, as the only and multiple number of nouns, present and past time, the verb, the male and female genus of the verb, the formation of words by adding consoles, etc.
Education to the letter is carried out simultaneously with learning to read, therefore exercises for writing are also given in the tank.

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5. The life of Soviet citizens of the 50s. There is a telephone, and the chandeliers are not visible.

6. Lip articulation with sound "A".

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10. Reminds the method of teaching a foreign language. This is understandable, for deaf children, the native language is still as a foreign one. Learn words that denote objects, actions, etc. The selected syllable indicates the emphasis, where you need to raise the voice.

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12. There were headphones in schools for deaf children. But no equipment and buttons. Apparently, there was almost no them ... In the class, the parties are located in a circle, so that the children can look at the teacher, more precisely on her lips and on the gestures of the dactual alphabet.

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Donskaya N.Yu., Linikova N.I. The scroll for schools of westless.

Second edition. M.: Education, 1986. It was according to him (the first edition) I studied in the first class immediately after the starting room in a blue cover.

Artist cover E. c. Victorov.

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4. In the classroom, some students are not only because hearingly impaired much less than hearing. But for a teacher, a dozen disciples are the same as 30 hearing students. For their speech, you need to follow, correct the pronunciation, and it takes a lot of time.

Equipment for managing headphones and microphones, apparently built into the table. Just added. I talked today at work with a deaf, whose child goes to school for children with a lack of hearing. He said that there were no equipment in such schools for a long time, now everyone has hearing aids of various power.

5. This is the most apparatus on the teacher's table, but it is clearly visible. The teacher does not sing in the microphone, she says. Parta for two students. Pupils have headphones, but they do not stand out. Apparently, the guidance did not emphasize them from aquatic considerations. It is usually black rubber headphones on a black platform flexible hoop.

8. Emphasis in each word. Funny and instructive story. The artist is all the same E.V. Victorov.

Well, all, I finish the post on this.)

And what are the buvwari now for modern schoolchildren? ABC?