Historical thought in the poem "Copper Horseman. As the historical past and present on the poem's copper rider (Pushkin A. S.)

Pushkin A. S. Copper rider, 1833 Method is realistic.

Genre - Poem.

History of creation . The poem "Copper Horseman" was written in Boldin in the fall of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the most terrible floods that occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction by the city.

In the work of the "copper rider" two main characters: Peter I, present in the poem in the form of a coming statue of the copper rider, and a small official Eugene. The development of the conflict between them defines the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work.

Plot. The work opens with the "entry", in which Peter the Great and his "Creation" is famous - Petersburg. In the first part, the reader meets the chief hero - an official named Eugene. He falls, but can not fall asleep, raised by thoughts about his position, that the bridges were removed from the arriving river and that this is two or three days to separate him with a beloved parashine living on the other shore. The thought of Parasch gives rise to dreams of marriage and about the future happy and modest life in a family circle, along with loving and beloved wife and children. Finally, by sweet thoughts, Eugene falls asleep.

However, very soon the weather spoils and the entire Petersburg is under water. At this time, a fixed Eugene sits on the marble broadcasting area of \u200b\u200bLion. He looks at the opposite bank of the Neva, where it lives in his poor Domishka to his beloved with his mother. With his back to him, towering over the elements, "stands with a handwriter of the idol on the bronze horse."

When the water falls, Eugene discovers that Parasha and her mother died, and their home was destroyed and deprived of the reason. After almost a year, Eugene vividly remembers the flood. By chance it turns out to be a monument to Peter Great. Evgeny in anger threatens the monument, but suddenly it seems to him that the face of the Terrible Tsar appeals to him, and anger sparkles him in his eyes, and Eugene rushes away, hearing a heavy hiking of copper hoofs. All night unhappy messengers in the city, and it seems to him that the rider with a heavy hopping jumps everywhere.

P rellamatics. Brutal collision of historical need to doomed private personal life.

The problem of the autocratic power and the disadvantaged people

"Where are you jumping, a proud horse, and where do you lower your hooves?" - The question of the future of the Russian state.

Several thematic emotional lines: Apotheosis of Peter and St. Petersburg, the dramatic narration of Eugene, author's lyricism.

Confine: Symbolic clash of the two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and unlimited powerful power of the autocratic state

Evgeny The image of a shining, lively, lush city is replaced in the first part of the poem a picture of terrible, destructive flood, expressive images of the raging element, over which a person is not authorized. The element sweeps everything in its path, losing the wreckage of buildings and destroyed bridges in the flow streams, the "belongings of pale poverty" and even the coffins "with a blurred cemetery". Among those whose life destroyed the flood, it turns out to be Evgeny, about the peaceful concerns of which the author speaks at the beginning of the first part of the poem. Evgeny "Ordinary man" ("small" man): He has no money nor the ranks, "somewhere serves" and dreams of arranging the "shelter of humble and simple" to marry a beloved girl and go with her life path.

The poem does not indicate a surname of the hero, nor his age, nothing says not to the past Eugene, his appearance, character traits. Having degraded Eugene individual will accept, the author turns it into an ordinary, faceless person from the crowd. However, in an extreme, critical situation, Evgeny seems to awaken from sleep, and discharges with themselves the larva "nothingness" and opposes the "copperstuka".

Peter I. Starting from the second half of the 1820s, Pushkin looks for an answer to the question: can the autocratic power be reform and merciful? In this regard, it artistically explores the identity and state activities of the "Tsar Reformer" Peter I.

Peter's theme was for Pushkin painfully painful. Throughout his life, he repeatedly changed the attitude towards this epochable image. For example, in the poem "Poltava" he is famous for the king of the winner. At the same time, in Pushkin Abstracts for Labor "History of Peter I", Peter performs not only as a great statesman and tsar-worker, but also as an unprofitable despot, tyrant.

Artistic study of the image of Peter Pushkin continues in the "copper rider." The poem "Copper Horseman" completes in the work of A. S. Pushkin, the topic of Peter I. The majestic appearance of the king of the converter is drawn in the first, virtually solemn, lines of the poem:

On the shore of the desert waves

He stood, the Duma of the Great full,

And Vdal looked.

The monumental figure of the king is opposed to the image of harsh and wildlife. The picture, against the background of which appears the figure of the king, irretrievable. Before the gaze of Peter, widely spread, carrying the distance of the river; Around the forest, "unknown rays in the fog of the hidden sun." But the governor's view is directed to the future. Russia must be established on the shores of the Baltic - this is necessary for the prosperity of the country. The execution of the "Great Duma" is becoming a confirmation of his historical right. After a hundred years, at the time when the story events begin, "Grad Petrov" became the "full" (Northern) "Div." In parades, they are called "Validious", on the shores of "Grounds Slims are crowded", "the crowd" crowds from all the ends of the Earth "come to the" rich marins ".

In the picture of St. Petersburg, it is not just a response to Peter's plan, it challenges the power of Russia. This is a solemn anthem of its glory, beauty, royal power. The impression is created with the help of towering epithets ("hail" - young, lush, proud, slim, rich, strict, shining, non-omitous), reinforced by antithesis with a "deserted" hostile man by nature and with "poor", poorly "Her" Pasyanka "- Little man. If the chunks of Chukhonians "Cherneli ... here and there", the forest was "unknowing", the sunshine, and the Sun itself is hidden "in the fog", then the main characteristic of St. Petersburg is light. (shine, flame, shine, golden skies, dawn).

Nature itself seeks to drive the night, "Weighing Days" have come for Russia; The whole meaning of the depicted picture confirms and the fivefold repetition in the author's speech of the delightful "love."

Copyright to Peter the Grandomy ambiguous . On the one hand, at the beginning of the work of Pushkin, the enthusiastic hymn creation utters the creation of Peter, admits in love for the "young hail", which "Mot Moscow" was "fed. Peter in the poem appears as "idol on the bronze horse" as "Powerful Lord of Fate" ..

On the other hand, Peter-Self-adjacent is presented in the poem not in any particular acts, but in the symbolic image of the copper rider as an personification of inhuman statehood. Even in those lines where he admires Peter and Petersburg, anxiety intonation is already heard:

About Powerful Lord of Fate!

Aren't you over the abyss

At the height, the Scum

Russia raised on rapids?

"Proud Istukan" appears the king and before Evgeny. And this Istukan is opposed to a living person, the "man" of which burns from the wild wave of, in the heart there is a "constraint", "Flame", the soul "boils".

Conflict . The conflict of the "copper rider" consists in a collision of the person with the inevitable course of history, in the opposition of collective, social will (represented by Peter the Great) and the will of personal (represented by Eugene). How does Pushkin allow this conflict?

The opinions of critics about whose side of Pushkin, separated. Some believed that the poet substantiated the right of state to dispose of the life of a person and becomes towards Peter, as it understands the need and benefit of its transformations. Others consider the victim Eugene unjustified and believe that the sympathies of the author entirely and completely on the side of the "poor" Eugene.

The third version is most convincing: Pushkin has shown for the first time in Russian literature all the tragic and intractability of the conflict between the state and the state interests and interests of a private person.

Pushkin depicts the tragic conflict of the two forces (personality and power, man and state), each of which has its own truth, but both of these truths are limited, incomplete. Peter is right as a sovereign, behind him and on his side - history. Evgeny Right as an ordinary man, behind him and on his side - humanity and Christian compassion

The plot of the poem was completed, the hero was killed, but remained and transferred to readers the central conflict, not allowed and in reality, the anthombus of the "tops" and the "bottoms", the autocratic power and the disadvantaged people remained.

The symbolic victory of the copper rider over Evgeny is the victory of strength, but not justice. The question remains "" Where are you jumping, a proud horse, and where do you lower your hooves? " This is a metaphorically pronounced main question for the author, the question of the future of the Russian state.

(Search for an answer) The problem of the people and power, the topic of mercy - in "Captain her daughter". Even in troubled times, it is necessary to preserve the honor and mercy.

"... The best and most strongest changes are those that occur from improving morals, without any violent shocks"

Human relationships should be built in respect and mercy

Good life

The image of the natural element in the poem A. S. Pushkin "Copper Horseman"

The "Copper Horseman" is the first urban poem in Russian literature. Poom problems are complex and multifaceted. The poem is a peculiar reflection of the poet about the fate of Russia, about its path: the European, associated with the reforms of Peter, and the original Russian. Attitude towards the Acts of Peter and to the city, which he founded, was always ambiguous. The history of the city was presented in a variety of myths, legends and prophecies. In some myths, Peter appeared the "father of the Fatherland", the deity, founding some reasonable space, "Przellious degrees", "a kind of country", the stronghold of state and military power. These myths arose in poetry and officially encouraged. In other myths, Peter was a span of Satan, a lively antichrist, and St. Petersburg, founded by him, is the city of Nerusky, Satanic chaos, is doomed to inevitable disappearance.

Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and St. Petersburg. Both concepts have completed each other. The poetic myth of the foundation of the city is deployed in the entry, oriented on a literary tradition, and the myth of its destruction, flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.

Two parts of the story depict two rebellion against self-leveling: the rebellion of the elements and a rebellion of a man. In the finals, both of these rebells will be defeated: the poor Eugene will accept the recently, who has recently threatened the copper rider, will return to his rumble.

Interestingly, the poem itself is wicked in the poem. Neva, once enslaved, "captured" by Petro, did not forget his "old enmity" and with "vicious malicious" rebel to the enslave. The "defeated element" is trying to crush his granite shackles and goes to the attack on the "slender grudges of palaces and towers" arising in the way of autocratic Peter. The city turns into a fortress deposited by the Neva.

River Neva, on which the city lies, indignant and violent:

In the morning over her shores

People were crowded,

Admiring splashes, mountains

AND foam angry waters.

But the power of the wind from the bay

Overheaded Neva

Back walked , angry, burly,

And flooded the island.

… From indignant depth

waves got up and angry,

There is a storm

There were fragments ...

Folding narrative acquires folk-mythological color. Beckless Neva is compared with the disterney "beast", then with the "thieves", westing in the windows, then with the "villain", which burst into the village "with the fierce Shayochoy her." There is a mention of the river deity in the poem, a rue of the elements is compared:

… waters suddenly

Flowed into underground basements

Channels were hung to lattices,

And Petropol popped up like Titon,

The water belt is immersed.

For a minute it seems that the "defeated element" triumphs that fate itself is for her: "The people \\ God's angry anger and execution awaits. \\ Alas! Everything dies ... "

The riot of the elements depicted by Pushkin helps to reveal the ideological and artistic peculiarity of the work. On the one hand, Neva, the water element is part of the urban landscape. On the other hand, the wrath of the elements, its mythological color, remind the reader about the representation of St. Petersburg as the Satanian city, non-Russian, doomed to destruction. Another function of the landscape is associated with the image of Eugene, "Little Man." Flood destroys the humble dreams of Eugene. It turned out to be disastrous not for the city center and its inhabitants, but for the poor sitting on the outskirts. For Evgeny Peter - not "Half of the half," And just a culprit of disaster conversations, he "... whose will of the fatal \\ under the sea the city was founded ...", Who did not take into account the fate of small, not protected from the disaster of people.

The surrounding reality turned out to be hostile for the hero, he definitely, but Eugene turns out to be worthy of not only sympathy and condolences, but at a certain point causes admiration. When Eugene threatens "Proud Istukan", his image acquires the features of genuine heroicity. At these moments, a pitiful, humble inhabitant of Kolomna, who lost her shelter, the beggar of the straggings, dressed in exilest rags, is completely reborn, strong passions, hatred, desperate determination, will to revenge are broken up in it.

However, the copper rider reaches its goal: Eugene arms. The second rebellion is defeated as the first. As after the rust of the Neva "in order former everything went out." Eugene again became negligible from insignificant, and in the spring of his corpse, like a corpse

tramps, fishermen buried on the deserted island, "for God's sake."

Ege Pushkin "Copper Horseman"

Read the text fragment and perform the B1-B7 tasks; C1-C2.

Follow the tasks of B1-B7. Write your answer in the form of a word, combinations of words or a sequence of numbers.

Then, on Petrova's area,

Where the house in the corner ascended a new one

Where above the elevated porch

With pipped paw like alive,

There are two lions watchdown,

On the beast of marble verso

Without hat, hands squeezing with a cross,

Little sat, scary pale

Evgeny. He was afraid, poor,

Not for yourself. He did not hear

As the greedy shaft rises,

His soles are waving

How to rain in his face whoretal

Like the wind, drowning

From him and the hat suddenly threw.

His desperate eyes

On the edge one hooked

Lowly were. Like a mountain

From indignant depth

The waves got up there and angry,

There was a storm, we got

Wheel ... God, God! there -

Alas! Cornly to the waves,

Almost at the bay -

The fence is unthilled, yes Iva

And the old house: there is

Widow and daughter, his parasha

His dream ... Or in a dream

Does he sees it? il our whole

And life is nothing like a blank sleep,

Sky mock over the ground?

And he seemed to be done

As if the mramor was chained,

Can not go! In short

Water and nothing else!

And turned back to him

In non-omitable embroidery

Above the perturbation of Nevyu

Stands with a simple hand

Moid on a bronze horse.

IN 1. Specify the genre of the work

AT 2. What city occurs in the events described in this work?

Answer: __________________________________

Vz. In the "copper rider" Pushkin created a generalized artistic image of Eugene as a "little man." What kind of term is it called similar images?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 4. In the following fragment A.S. Pushkin uses the reception based on the repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds. Name it.

… Like a mountain

From indignant depth

The waves got up there and angry,

There the storm was angry, we were worn there

Chips ...

Answer: __________________________________

AT 5. A.S. Pushkin calls Peter I "Kumir on the Bronze Kone." Specify the trail that is a replacement of the name of the descriptive turnover "

Answer: __________________________________

AT 6. Call an infrared language based on comparison of items or phenomena.

… il our whole

And life is nothing how the sleep is empty,

Sky mock over the ground?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 7. The poet in the "Copper Horseman" perceives the flood not only as a natural phenomenon, but also as an analogue of life storms and deprivation. What is the name of such a sign image, the meaning of which goes beyond the objective value?

Answer: __________________________________

To fulfill the tasks C1 and C2, give a connected answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 proposals. Recommend the author's position, if necessary, set out your point of view. Argument the answer, relying on the text of the work. By performing the task C2, select for comparison two works of different authors (in one example, it is permissible to appeal to the execution of the author to which the source text belongs to); Indicate the names of the works and surname of the authors; Justify your choice and compare the works with the text proposed in the specified direction of analysis.

Responses Record clearly and picking up, observing the norms of speech.

C1.. What role in this fragment is a description of various natural phenomena?

(C1. How has the fate of Eugene influenced the destructive flood?)

C2. In which works of Russian literature, natural forces participate in the destinies of heroes, as in the "copper rider", and what is their role like?

As in the poem A.S. Pushkin "Copper Horseman" The power of the state is opposed to the tragedy of a "little man" Eugene?

We use quotes and terms !!!

1. In joining, it is necessary to say about the time of writing the work, about the subject or problematics of the poem, to name the conflict of the work, which is indicated in the topic.

2. In the main part of the work, we reveal the main conflict of the work.

- The majestic image of Peter in joining the poem. The glorification of the main power of Russia. The historical need to base the city.

- The tragedy of the "little man" Eugene.

- a symbolic clash of the two polar-opposite forces - an ordinary small man and unlimited powerful forces of the autocratic state in the images of the copper rider and Eugene.

Conflict resolution. The victory of strength, but not justice.

3. In conclusion:

- A specific answer to the question announced in the subject. (How ...? - Symbolically in flood images as an analogue of life storms and deprivation. Symbolically in the images of the copper rider and drunk, who resigned Eugene.

Poem A. S. Pushkin "Copper Horseman" joined both historical and social issues. This is the reflection of the author about Peter Great as a reformer, a meeting of various opinions and assessments about his actions. This is a poem - one of his perfect writings with philosophical meaning. We offer for review a brief analysis of the poem, the material can be used to work in the lessons of literature in the 7th grade.

Brief analysis

Year of writing - 1833

History of creation - In the period of his "Golden Autumn", when Pushkin was forced to be in Boldinsky estate, the poet had a creative rise. In the "Golden" time, the author created many ingenious works that made a big impression both in the public and critics. One of these works of the Boldin period was the poem "Copper Horseman".

Subject- The Board of Peter First, the attitude of society to his reforms is the main topic of the "copper rider"

Composition- The composition consists of great accession, it can be viewed as a separate poem, and two parts in which we are talking about the main character, the devastating flooding of 1824, and the hero meeting with the copper rider.

Genre - Genre "Copper Rider" - Poem.

Direction - a historical poem describing valid events, direction - Realism.

History of creation

At the very beginning of the history of the poem, the writer was in the Boldinsky estate. He reflected a lot about the history of the Russian state, about his rulers and autocratic power. At that time, the society was divided into two types of people - some fully supported the politics of Peter the Great, belonged to him with adoration, and another type of people found a similarity with unclean power in the Great Emperor, considered it to make hell, and they treated him.

The writer listened to different opinions about the Board of Peter, the result of his reflection and collecting various information, was the poem "Copper Horseman", which completed his Boldinsky flowering of creativity, the year of writing the poem - 1833.

Subject

In the "copper rider" analysis of the work displays one of the main topics - Power and a small person. The author reflects on the rule of the state, about the collision of a small man with a huge Machina.

Self meaning of the name - "Copper rider" - concludes the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe poetic work. The monument to Peter is made of bronze, but the author preferred another epithette, more severe and gloomy. Thus, through expressive artistic agents, the poet describes a powerful state car, for which the problems of small people suffering from the authorities of the autocratic board are indifferent.

In this poem, conflict of a little man with power It does not have its continuation, a person is so crayon for the state, when "the forest is chicken - sicks fly."

This can be judged by the role of one personality in the fate of the state. In his entry to the poem, the author gives the characteristic of Peter the first as a person of the striking mind, far-sighted and decisive. Being in power, Peter looked far ahead, he thought about the future of Russia, about her power and disadvantage. The actions of Peter the Great can be judged in different ways, accusing him in despotism and tyranny towards the simple people. It is impossible to justify the actions of the ruler, which built power on the bones of people.

Composition

The brilliant idea of \u200b\u200bPushkin in the peculiarities of the composition of the poem serves as proof of creative skill of the poet. The big entry, dedicated to Peter the first and erected city, can read as an independent work.

The language of the poem has absorbed all genre originality, emphasizing the author's attitude to the events described by it. In the description of Peter and St. Petersburg, the tongue is a pathos, a magnificent, completely harmonizing with the appearance of the emperor, the Great and Mighty.

A completely different language is the narration about the simple Eugene. The narrative speech about the hero is coming in the usual language, reflects the essence of the "little man."

The greatest genius of Pushkin is clearly visible in this poem, it is all written by one poetic size, but in different places the work, it sounds completely different. Two parts of the poem following the entry, can also be considered a separate work. In these parts, it is told about a conventional person who lost his beloved girl as a result of flooding.

Evgeny Vinit in this a monument to Peter, implying in it the emperor himself - autocrat. A man who dreams about a simple human happiness, lost the meaning of life, having lost his dear, lost his favorite girl, his future. Evgeny seems to be a copper rider chasing him. Eugene understands that the autocrat is cruel and ruthless. Crushed by grief, the young man is crazy, and then dies, remaining without the meaning of life.

It can be concluded that this way the author continues the topic of a "little man", developed at the time in Russian literature. By this, he proves how despotic the board towards the simple people.

main characters

Genre

The work of the "Copper Horseman" refers to the genre of a poetic poem with a realistic direction.

The poem is large-scale in its deep content, it includes both historical and philosophical issues. There is no epilogue in the poem, and the contradictions of a small person and a whole state remain open.

The last poem written by Pushkin in Boldin in October 1833, - the artistic result of his reflection on the Personality of Peter I, about the "Petersburg" period of Russian history. The poem "met" two topics: the theme of Peter, the "builder of the miraculous", and the topic of the "simple" ("small") person, a "insignificant hero", who worried a poet from the late 1820s. The narration of the tragic destiny of the ordinary resident of St. Petersburg, affected during flooding, became the plot basis for historical and philosophical generalizations related to the role of Peter in the modern history of Russia, with fate of his brainchild - St. Petersburg.

The "Copper Horseman" is one of the most advanced poetic works of Pushkin. The poem is written as "Eugene Onegin", a four-stranded yamb. Pay attention to the variety of her rhythms and intonation, amazing sounding. The poet creates bright visual and auditory images using the richest rhythmic, intonational and sound possibilities of the Russian verse (repetitions, cesura, alliterations, associations). Many fragments of the poems have become a shittomest. We hear the festive multi-chain of St. Petersburg life ("and shine and noise and tie balls, / and at the hour of the pirushki idle / hiss of the foam glasses / and the punch of the blue"), we see confused and shocked Eugene ("He stopped. / Went back and grogied. / Looks ... goes ... still looks. / Here is the place where their house is worth, / here Iva. There were a gateway here, / demolished them, it seems. Where is the house? "), Were stunned" as if thunder rumble - / Heavy-ringing jumps / shocked pavement. " "On the sound image of the verse of the" copper rider "knows little rivals," said Poet V.Ya. Bryusov, a subtle researcher of Pushkin poetry.

In a short poem (less than 500 poems), history and modernity, the privacy of the hero with the life of historical, reality with the myth is connected. The perfection of poetic forms and innovative principles of the artistic embodiment of historical and modern material made a "copper rider" a unique work, a kind of "monument of non-manual" Peter, St. Petersburg, "Petersburg" period of Russian history.

Pushkin overcame genre canons of the historical poem. Peter I does not appear in the poem as a historical character (he "idol" is a sculpture, a deified statue), about the time of his reigning, nothing is said. Petrovskaya Epoch for Pushkin - a long period in the history of Russia, not ended with the death of the king reformer. The poet is not drawn to the origins of this era, but to its results, that is, to modern times. The high historical point with which Pushkin glanced at Peter was the event of the recent past - Petersburg flood November 7, 1824, "terrible time", which, as the poet stressed, "Fresh Remembering." This is a living, not yet "cooled" history.

Flooding, one of many who fell into the city since its foundation is the central event of the work. Flood story forms the first sense plan of the poem is historical. The documentation of the story was noted in the author's "preface" and in "notes". In one of the episodes, the "deceased king" appears, unnamed Alexander I. Flooding for Pushkin is not just a bright historical fact. He looked at him as a kind of final "document" of the era. It's like the "Last Sale" in her Petersburg "Chronicle", began to establish the city on the Neva. Flooding is the historical basis of the plot and the source of one of the conflicts of the poem - the conflict between the city and the elements.

The second semantic plan of the poem is a conditionally literary, fictional - set by the subtitle: "Petersburg Tale". Evgeny is the central character of this story. The faces of the rest of St. Petersburg are indistinguishable. This "people", pushing on the streets, sinking during the flood (first part), and cold, indifferent Peterburg people in the second part. St. Petersburg became a real background of the story about the fate of Evgenia: Senate Square, streets and outdoors, where there was a "dilapidated house" parac. Pay attention to. The fact that the action in the poem was postponed to the street: during the flood of Eugene turned out to be "on Petrovaya Square", home, in his "deserted corner", he, distraught from grief, is no longer returning, becoming the inhabitant of Petersburg streets. The "Copper Horseman" is the first urban poem in Russian literature.

Historical and conditionally literary plans dominate realistic story narution (first and second parts).

An important role is played third semantic plan - legendary mythological. He is set by the headline of the poem - "Copper Horseman". This semantic plan interacts with the historical entry in joining, the plot story of flooding and the fate of Evgenia, from time to time reminding itself (first of all the figure "idol on the bronze horse"), and in the climax of the poem (the pursuit of the copper rider for Eugene) dominates. The mythological character appears, the revived statue is copper rider. In this episode, Petersburg seems to lose real outlines, turning into conditional, mythological space.

Copper rider is an unusual literary image. It is a figurative interpretation of the sculptural composition that embodies the idea of \u200b\u200bits creator, the sculptor E. Falcon, but at the same time it is an image of a grotesque, a fantastic, overcoming the boundary between the real ("believable"), and mythological ("wonderful"). The copper rider, awakened by the words of Evgenia, climbing from his pedestal, ceases to be only a "idol at the bronze horse", that is, a monument to Peter. He becomes the mythological embodiment of the "Terrible Tsar".

Since the founding of St. Petersburg, the real history of the city was interpreted in a variety of myths, legends and prophecies. "Hrad Peter" appeared in them not as an ordinary city, but as the embodiment of mysterious, fatal forces. Depending on the assessment of the Personality of the Tsar and its reforms, these forces were understood as divine, good, who gave the Russian people by the city of Ray, or, on the contrary, as evil, demonic, and therefore anti-people.

In the XVIII - early XIX century. In parallel, two groups of myths, mirror reflecting each other. In some myths, Peter appeared the "father of the Fatherland", the Diviety, founded a certain reasonable space, "The Most Housing Grad", "Caverny Country", the stronghold of state and military power. These myths arose in poetry (including in the sides and epic poems A.P.Sumokov, V.K. Trediakovsky, G. Pedzavina) and officially encouraged. In other myths that have developed in the folk tales and prophecies of Raskolnikov, Peter was the span of Satan, a lively antichrist, and St. Petersburg, founded by him, is the city of "Nerusky", Satanic chaos, is doomed to inevitable disappearance. If the first, semi-official, poetic myths were myths about the wonderful foundation of the city, from which the Golden Age began in Russia, the second, folk, the myths about his destruction or launching. "Petersburg to be empty", "the city burns and hurts" - so answered the opponents of Peter those who saw the man-made "Northern Rome" in St. Petersburg.

Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and St. Petersburg. Both mutually exclusive mythological concepts complemented each other. The poetic myth of the foundation of the city is deployed in the entry, oriented on a literary tradition, and the myth of its destruction, flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.

The originality of the Pushkin Poem is in the complex interaction of historical, conditionally literary and legendary-mythological semantic plans. In the entry, the foundation of the city is shown in two plans. First - legendary mythological: Peter appears here not as a historic character, but as a non-name hero of legends. It - Founder and future builder of the city, acting by the will of nature itself. However, his "Duma Great" is historically specific: the city is created by the Russian king "for evil to the gathering neighbor", in order for Russia to "cut the window to Europe." Historical semantic plan They emphasize the words "one hundred years". But these same words envelop the historical event by the mythological haze: at the site of the story about how it was "the city", as it was built, - a graphic pause, "Speech". The emergence of "young hail" "From the darkness of forests, from the molding of the Blat" like a miracle: the city is not built, but "ascended magnificent, proudly". The story of the city begins from 1803 (this year St. Petersburg has been one hundred years). The third - conditional literary - The semantic plan appears in the poem immediately after the historically reliable picture of the "drenched Petrograd" on the eve of the flood (the beginning of the first part). The author claims the meaning of the name of the hero, hints at his "literature" (in 1833 the first complete edition of the novel "Evgeny Onegin" appeared),

Note that in the poem there is a change of semantic plans, and their imposition, intersection. Let us give a few examples illustrating the interaction of historical and legendary mythological plans. The poetic "report" of the essentialness of the elements is interrupted by comparison of the city (his name is replaced by a mythopoietic "pseudonym") with a river deity (here and then it is impossible to ours - Auto): "Waters suddenly / flowed into underground basements, channels were hung, / And Petropol surfaced as Triton, / Belt is immersed».

The begging Neva is compared with the walled "beast", then with the "thieves", letting themselves in the windows, then with the "villain", which burst into the village "with the fierce Shayochoe". Frozing story gets folklore-mythological color. Water element causes sustainable associations with Bunlet, the villainous raid of robbers. In the second part, the story of the "Torgasha brazier" is interrupted by ironic references to the modern mythhustwar - the Graph and Graph Movement, which "I sang the immortal poems / misfortune of the Nevsky Beachs."

There are many composite and semantic parallels in the poem. Their base is the relationships that are established between the fictional hero of the poem, the water elements, the city and the sculptural composition - the "Kumir on the Bronze Kone". For example, the parallel to the "Things of the Great" founder of the city (entry) - "Volatos of different reflections" Eugene (part of the first). He thought about the city and state interests, Eugene - about simple, everyday: "He will suit himself / shelter, smyster and simple / Yves a packet will calm down." The dreams of Peter, the "builder of the miraculous", came true: the city was built, he himself became a "powder hem". The dreams of Evgeny about the family and the house collapsed with the death of Parasch. Other parallels arise in the first part: between Peter and the "deceased king" (the legendary twin of Peter "Vdal looked" - the king "in the Duma sorrowful eyes / for evil disaster looked"); The king and the people (the sad king "said:" It's not to cope with the elements of the elements / kings "- the people of God's angry and execution awaits"). The king is consumed against the elements, confused by the citizens feel abandoned by the arbitrary of fate: "Alas! Everything dies: shelter and food! / Where will you take? ".

Evgeny, sitting "on the beast of marble riding" in Pospene Napoleon ("Hands with a cross"), compared with the monument to Peter:

And turned back to him

In non-omitable embroidery

Above the perturbation of Nevyu

Stands with a simple hand

Moid on a bronze horse.

The compositional parallel to this scene was carried out in the second part: a year later, Mad Evgeny was again on the same "empty square", where the waves were splashed during floods:

He found himself under the columns

Big house. On the porch

With pipped paw like alive,

Stood lions watchdogs,

And right in the dark embroidery

Over the fenceful cloth

Moid with a speed of hand

Sat on a bronze horse.

In the framework of the poem coexist two, it would seem opposite principles - the principle of similarity and the principle of contrast. Parallels and comparisons not only indicate the similarity arising between different phenomena or situations, but also detect unresolved (and intractable) contradictions between them. For example, Eugene, rescued from the Element on Marble Lion, is a tragicomic "double" of the city custodian, "idol on the bronze horse" standing in the non-isolated embroidery. The parallel between them emphasizes a sharp contrast between the magnitude of the ascended "idol" and the miserable position of Eugene. In the second stage, the "idol" itself becomes another: losing her greatness ("he is terrible with the neighboring Mol!"), He looks like a captive sitting surrounded by "Lviv Watchtail", "Over the fenceful rock". The "non-heekeeper" becomes "dark", and the "idol", in front of Evgeny, turns into a "proud idukan".

The majestic and "terrible" type of the monument in two scenes reveals contradictions, objectively existed in Peter: the greatness of the statesman who took care of the welfare of Russia, and cruelty, the inhumanity of the autocrat, many decrees of which, as Pushkin noted, "wring the whip." These contradictions are merged in the sculptural composition - the material "twin" of Peter.

The poem is a living artiform, resisting any unambiguous interpretation. All aspects of the poem - multivalued image images. Images of St. Petersburg, the Copper Rider, Neva, "Poor Eugene" are independent importance, but, deploying in the poem, enter into complex interaction with each other. Apparent "close" space of a small poem expands.

The history and modernity of the poet explains, creating a capacious symbolic picture of St. Petersburg. "Grad Petrov" is not only a historical scene on which genuine, and fictional events are deployed. Petersburg is a symbol of the Petrovsk era, the "Petersburg" period of Russian history. The city in Pushkin Pushkin Polybel: This is the "monument" to its founder, and the "monument" of the entire Petrovsk era, and the usual city, a disaster and occupied by everyday bustle. The flood and fate of Eugene is only part of the St. Petersburg history, one of the many plots suggested by the life of the city. For example, in the first part, it is not planned, but the plot line associated with the unsuccessful attempts of the military general governor of St. Petersburg Count MA M.Miloradovich and the Adjutant General A.Kh. Banekenfore to help the residents of the city, to encourage them: "In a dangerous way, the medium of stormy The waters / his generals / save and the fear of the learn / and home the sinking people ". This was written in the historical "news" about the St. Petersburg floods, compiled by V.N. Tov, to which Pushkin refers to the "preface".

The St. Petersburg world appears in the poem as a certain closed space. The city lives according to its laws, in the founder. It's like new civilization, opposed and wildlife, and former Russia. "Moscow" period of its history, whose symbol is "Old Moscow" ("Porphyron widow"), went to the past.

Petersburg is full of sharp conflicts, intractable contradictions. Majestic, but internally contradictory image of the city was created in joining. Pushkin emphasizes the duality of St. Petersburg: he "ascended magnificently, proudly", but "from the darkness of the forests, from the molding lot." This is a city-Colossus, under which the marsh molding. Peter conceived as a spacious place for the coming "Pir", he is cracked: on the shores of the Neva "Grounds are grieving". Petersburg - "Military Capital", but this is done by parades and thunder of cannonal salutes. This is a "stronghold", which no one storms, and Marse fields - the fields of military glory - "fun".

Introduction - Pepachechnik St. Petersburg by the state, parade. But the more the poet speaks about the lush beauty of the city, the more the impression is that it is some kind of fixed, ghost. "Crowd's ships" "seek rich marins", but there are no people on the streets. The poet sees the "Sleeping Comb / Desert Streets". The air itself is "real". "Running a sledge along the Neva is wide", "and shine and noise and talk balls", "hissing foam glasses" - everything is beautiful, sound, but people are not visible. In the proud appearance of the "youngest" of the capital hides something alarming. Five times in joining the word "love" repeats. This is a recognition in love for St. Petersburg, but it is pronounced as a spell, one's understanding. It seems that the poet is trying to love the beautiful city with all their might, causing contradictory, disturbing feelings.

Anxiety sounds in the wish "Hoodie of Peter": "Write, hail of Petrov, and stand / non-cool, like Russia. / Yes, you will die with you / and defeated elements ... "The beauty of the city-hardness is not eternal: it stands firmly, but can be destroyed by the element. In the comparison of the city with Russia - a dual meaning: here and the recognition of non-omitance of Russia, and the feeling of the city's asylum. For the first time, an image of not tamed to the end of the water element appears: it appears a powerful substantive being. The element is defeated, Nona "dying". "Finnish waves", it turns out, did not forget "hostility and captivity ancient one." The city, founded "on evil to the gathering neighbor," can be disturbed by the "vicious malicious" of the elements.

In the entry, the main principle of the image of the city, implemented in two parts of the Petersburg Tale, - contrast. In the first part, the appearance of St. Petersburg is changing, the mythological gilding will fall from it. "Golden Heavens" disappear, they are replaced by "rainy night" and "pale day". This is no longer a magnificent "young hail", "full-friendly countries of the Beauty and Divo", and "Overting Petrograd". He is in the authority of the "autumn grade", the furring wind, the "angry" rain. The city turns into a fortress deposited by the Neva. Please note: Neva is also part of the city. In it, the evil energy was loaded, which the "violent fool" exempts. Neva, stopping his "Holding flow" in granite shores, breaks out to the will and destroys the "strict, slim view" of St. Petersburg. As if the city himself takes himself an attack, breaking his whisp. Everything is exposed that it was hidden behind the front facade of "Grand Peter" in the entry, as unworthy of anyone enthusiasm:

Trays under wet veil,

Wreckage huts, logs, roofs,

Stock trading goods

Pale poverty belongings,

Thunderstorm demolished bridges,

Coffin with blurred cemetery

Swim through the streets!

The people appear on the streets, "close up" on the banks of the Neva, the king is coming to the balcony of the Winter Palace, Eugene with fear looks at the raging waves, anxious about the parse. The city was transformed, filled with people, having ceased to be only a city-museum. The whole first part is a picture of a folk disaster. PETAY PETERSBURG officials, shopkeepers, hut inhabitants. There is no rest and dead. For the first time, the figure of "Kumir on the Bronze Kone" appears. Live king is powerless to withstand the "God's Element". Unlike the calm "idol", he "sad", "Smart".

The third part shows Petersburg after the flood. But urban contradictions are not only not removed, but even more strengthened. Potion and peace make a threat, the possibility of a new conflict with the elements ("But the victory is full, / still boiled viciously waves, / As if under them the fire"). Petersburg's outskirts, where Eugene rushed, reminds "Field of the combat" - "The view is terrible," but the next morning "in order former everything entered." The city again became cold and indifferent to a person. This is the city of officials, calculating merchants, "evil children", throwing stones in insane Eugene, Kucher, standing by his vacuisers. But this is still "holding" the city - the "Moid on the Bronze Kone" is PARI.

The line of realistic image of St. Petersburg and the "small" person is developed in the Petersburg Hundreds of N.V. Gogol, in the works of F.M.Dostoevsky. The mythological version of the St. Petersburg theme was picked up and Gogol, and Dostoevsky, but especially the symbols of the beginning of the XX century. - Andrei White in the novel "Petersburg" and D.S. Melezhkovsky in the novel "Peter and Alexey".

Petersburg is a huge "man-made" monument to Peter I. The contradictions of the city reflect the contradictions of its founder. The poet considered Peter a man exclusive: a genuine hero of history, a builder, an eternal "employee" on the throne (see "Stans", 1826). Peter, emphasized Pushkin, is a solid figure, which combined two opposite principles - spontaneous-revolutionary and despotic: "Peter I at the same time Robespierre and Napoleon, embodied revolution."

Peter appears in the poem in his mythological "reflections" and material incarnations. He is in a legend about the foundation of St. Petersburg, in the monument, in the urban environment - the "commander's grudge" of the palaces and towers, in the granite of the Nevsky Beast, in the bridges, in the "warlike livestock" of "funny Marsh fields", in the Admiralty needle, as if piercing the sky. Petersburg - as it were, emitted will and Peter's case, which turned into stone and cast iron, cast in bronze.

Images of statues are impressive images of Pushkin's poetry. They are created in the poems of "Memories in the Tsarskoye Selo" (1814), "To the Bust of the Conqueror" (1829), "Tsarskoselskaya Stah-Tuya" (1830), "Artist" (1836), and the images of the "artist", whipping people - in Tragedy "Stone Guest" (1830) Yves "Tale about the Golden Cockerel" (1834). The two material "lips" of Peter I in Pushkin's poem is its statue, "Mud on the Bronze Kone", and a revived statue, a copper rider.

To understand these Pushkin images, it is necessary to take into account the idea of \u200b\u200bthe sculptor, embodied in the monument to Peter. Monument is a complex sculpture composition. Its main meaning is set by the unity of the horse and the rider, each of which has an independent value. The author of the monument wanted to show the "personality of the creator, legislator, benefactor of his country." "My king does not hold any rod," said Etienne-Maurice Falcone in a letter to D. Didro, "he extends his benefactor over the country circulated. He rises to the top of the cliff, who serves him a pedestal, is the emblem of the difficulties defeated them. "

Such an understanding of the role of Peter partly coincides with Pushkinsky: the poet saw in Peter "Powerful Lord of Fate", which managed to subordinate the elemental power of Russia. But his interpretation of Peter and Russia is richer and more significant than the sculptural allegory. The fact that in the sculpture is given in the form of an approval, Pushkin sounds like a rhetorical question that does not have a unambiguous answer: "Don't you still be over the abyss, / at an altitude, raised by the Teply Iron / Russia?" Pay attention to the difference in the intrinsic speech intonations, converted alternately to the "idol" - Peter and to the "bronze horse" - a symbol of Russia. "He is terrible in the neighboring Mol! / What is the thought of the chel! What power is hidden in it! " "The poet recognizes the will and creative genius of Peter, who turned the cruel force of the" iron ultrasound ", which took the rustic Russia. "And in seven horses what fire! / Where are you jumping, proud horse, / and where do you lower your hooves? " - Exclamation is replaced by the question in which the thought of the poet is not concerned about the country, curled by Peter, but to the riddle of Russian history and to modern Russia. She continues to run, and not only the natural element, but the folk riots are disturbing "Eternal Sleep" Peter.

Bronze Peter in Pushkin Poem is a symbol of the state will, the power of power, freed from the human principle. Still in the poem "Hero" (1830), Pushkin called: "Leave the hero of the heart! What / He will be without him? Tyrant...". "Kumir on the Bronze Kone" - "Pure embodiment of autocratic power" (V.Ya. Bruzov) is deprived of the heart. He "Builder Miraculor", in the manual of his hands "ascended" Petersburg. But the brainchild of Peter is a miracle, created not for a person. The window to Europe drove the autocratic. The future Petersburg has conceived him as a state city, the symbol of the autocratic power, alienated from the people. Peter created a "cold" city, uncomfortable for a Russian person ascended over it.

Faced in the poem of the Bronze Peter and the poor Petersburg official Eugene, Pushkin stressed that state power and man are divided by the abyss. By equalizing all the estates of one "club", pacifying the human element of Russia "Iron Udoka", Peter wanted to turn her into a humble and supportive material. Evgeny was supposed to become the embodiment of the Dream of the autocrat of a man-puppet, deprived of historical memory, forgetting and "native devotes", and his "nickname" (that is, the name, genus), which "after the time" "can be, and shone / and Under the pen of Karamzin / in their relatives, it sounded. " Partly the goal was achieved: Pushkin Hero - the product and sacrifice of the St. Petersburg "civilization", one of the countless many officials without "nickname", which "serve somewhere", without thinking about the meaning of their service, dream of "Meshchansky happiness": a good place , home, family, well-being. In the sketches of the unfinished poem "Ezersky" (1832), which many researchers are compared with the "copper rider", Pushkin gave a detailed description of his hero, the descendant of a notable kind, which turned into an ordinary Petersburg official. In the "copper rider", the story of the pedigree and about the daily life of Evgenia is extremely concise: the poet stressed the generalized meaning of the fate of the hero of the "Petersburg story".

But Evgeny, even in his humble desires, separating him from the authority Peter, is not humiliated by Pushkin. The poem's hero - the prisoner of the city and the "Petersburg" period of Russian history is not only a reproach to Peter and the city created by it, the symbol of Russia, who, deserved from the angry look of the "Terrible Tsar". Eugene - Antipode "Kumir on the Bronze Kone". He has something that is deprived of a bronze Peter: heart and soul. He is able to dream, sadness, "fear" for the fate of the beloved, to be squeezed by torment. The deep meaning of the poema is that Eugene is compared with a Peter-man, namely with the "idol" Peter, with a statue. Pushkin found his "unit of measurement" of an unbridled, but custodized power - humanity. Measured by this measure, the "idol" and the hero are closer. The "insignificant" in comparison with the real Peter, "poor Eugene", compared with the dead statue, turns out to be near the "builder of the miraculous".

The hero of the Petersburg story, becoming a madman, lost social certainty. Evgeny's fortune-minded "His unfortunate age / wore, nor a beast neither a man, nor the same, nor a resident of the world, nor the ghost of the dead ...". He wanders in St. Petersburg, without noticing the humiliation and human evil, stunned by the "noise of internal anxiety." Pay attention to this comment of the poet, because it is the "noise" in the soul of Eugene, which coincided with the noise of the natural element ("was gloomily: / Rain Capal, the wind was sad") awakens in madness that for Pushkin was the main sign of a person - memory : "Jumped Yevgeny; I remembered the lively / he is a past horror. " It is the memory of the movement of a flood leads to the Senate Square, where he meets the second time with the "Kumir on the Bronze Kone".

This climax episode of the poem, completed the chase of the copper rider for the "madman poor," is especially important for understanding the meaning of the whole work. Starting with V.G. Belinsky, he was interpreted differently in different ways. Often in the words of Eugene, addressed to the bronze Peter ("Good, the builder of the miracle! - / he whispered, viciously trees, - / so much! .."), they see a riot, an uprising against the "Half-Mair" (sometimes analogies between this episode and rebellion of the Decembrists). In this case, the question inevitably arises: who is the winner - the statehood, embodied in the "proud of the Istukan", or humanity embodied in Eugene?

However, it is hardly possible to consider the words of Eugene, who, whispeting them, "suddenly, striking / running", Bunlet or uprising. The words of the insane hero were caused by memory awakened in him: "Evgeny shuddered. Claimed / in it scary thoughts. " This is not only a memoir about the horror of last year's flood, but above all historical memoryIt would seem that I would have etched in the Petrovsk "Civilization". Only then, Eugene found out "and Lviv and the square, and in addition, / who was motionlessly towered / in the dark of the head of chapter, / th, whose will of the fatal / under the sea was founded." Again, as in joining, the legendary "twin" of Peter - he appears. The statue comes to life, what is happening loses real features, the realistic narration becomes a mythological story.

Like a fabulous, mythological character (see, for example, "a fairy tale about the dead princess and about seven heroes", 1833), without smart Evgeny "comes to life": "Eyes have been filled with fog, / in the heart the flame ran, / boiled blood." It turns into a man in his generic essence (note: the hero of this fragment is never named Eugene). It, "Terrible Tsar", the personification of power, and Humanhaving a heart and endowed with memory, inspired by the demonic power of the element ("as a worked force of black"), agreed in the tragic confrontation. In whisper of a clear man, the threat and promise of retaliation, for which the statue of the statue, "instantly anger is grieving, punishes the" madness of the poor ". "Realistic" explanation of this episode depletes his meaning: all the happened turned out to be the fruit of the patient's imagination of insane Eugene.

In the pursuit scene there is a second reincarnation of "Kumir on the Bronze Kone" - It turns in Copper rider. The man jumps a mechanical being that has become a pure embodiment of power that punishes even a robust threat and reminder of retaliation:

And illuminated the Luna pale

Sketch of hand in the embroidery,

Her rider is copper

On the ringing horse.

The conflict is moved to mythological space than its philosophical meaning is emphasized. This conflict is fundamentally unresolved, it can not be a winner and defeated. "All night", "everywhere" behind the "maddenness of the poor" "Copper rider / with a heavy hopping rider", but the "hard-ringing jump" does not end. A meaningless and unsuccessful chase, reminiscent of "running on the spot," has a deep philosophical meaning. Contradictions between man and power can not be allowed to resolve or disappear: the person and power are always tragically interconnected.

Such a conclusion can be made from the Pushkin poetic "study" of one of the episodes of the "Petersburg" period of Russian history. The first stone in his foundation was laid by Peter I - "Powerful Lord of Fate", built Petersburg and new Russia, but who did not manage to pull a person with the Izdoy. The power is powerless against the "human, too human" - the heart, memory and elements of the human soul. Any "idol" is only a dead statue that a person can crush or at least make break from place in unrighteous and powerless anger.

One of the main questions of creativity A. S. Pushkin was the question of the relationship of the personality and the state, as well as the problem of the "small person" problem. It is known that it was Pushkin who seriously developed this problem, which subsequently "picked up" and N. V. Gogol, and F. M. Dostoevsky.

Pushkin's poem "Copper Horseman" identifies an eternal conflict - a contradiction between the interests of the individual and the state. Pushkin believed that this conflict is inevitable at least in Russia. It is impossible to manage the state and take into account the interests of each "little man." Especially since Russia is the country of the semician, where the despotus and tyranny reigned from the ancients, which was perceived by the people and rulers as proper.

The poem has a subtitle - "Petersburg story", after which it follows the preface, emphasizing the reality of everything described: "The incident described in this story is based on the truth. Flood details are borrowed from the then magazines. Curious can cope with the news drawn up by V.N. Berch.

In joining the poem, the magnificent image of Peter I, which glorified his name by many acts. Without a doubt, Pushkin gives his due to the power and talent of Peter. This king largely "made" Russia and contributed to its prosperity. On the poor and wild shores of a little river Peter built a grand city, one of the most beautiful in the world. Petersburg has become a symbol of a new, enlightened and strong power:

Now there on the busy shores of the romance are climbing the palaces and towers; Ships crowd from all ends of the Earth to rich marins seek ... The poet loves Petersburg with all his soul. For him, it is homeland, the capital, the personification of the country. He wishes this city of eternal prosperity. But the following words of the lyrical hero are important and interesting: "Yes, you will die with you and the defeated element ..."

The main part of the poem tells about life, modern Pushkin. Petersburg is still beautiful as under Peter. But the poet sees another image of the capital. This city indicates a sharp boundary between the "strong world of this" and simple inhabitants. Petersburg is a city of contrasts, where "little people" live and suffer.

The hero of the poem, Eugene, is a simple resident of the capital, one of many. About his life is narrated in the first part of the work. Eugene's life is filled with pressing daily concerns: how to feed where to take money. The hero is thinking why it is all given, and nothing else. After all, these "others" are not blocked at all, either by the mind or hardworking, but they are "life is easy." Here the topic of a "little man", his insignificant position in society begins to develop. He is forced to endure injustice and blows of fate just because he was born "small."

Among other things, we learn that Eugene has plans for the future. He is going to marry the same as he, a simple Girl of Parasha. Evgeny's beloved with Mother lives on the banks of the Neva in a small house. The hero dreams of acquiring the family, to give birth to children, he dreams that in old age grandchildren will take care of them. But Eugene's dreams were not destined to come true. Terrible flood intervened in his plans. It destroyed almost the whole city, but it destroyed the life of the hero, killed and destroyed his soul. Raising Water Neva destroyed the paracted house, destroyed the girl itself and her mother. What remained poor Eugene? Interestingly, he is accompanied by the whole poem - "poor". This epithet says about the attitude of the author to his hero - an ordinary resident, a simple person to whom he sympathizes.

The second part of the poem draws consequences of flooding. For Eugene they are terrible. The hero is deprived of everything: the beloved girl, the beds, hopes for happiness. The culprit of his tragedy distraught Evgeny believes the copper rider - the twins of Peter himself. In his upset imagination, the copper rider - "Giddeal Eastukan", "Whose will of the fatal city here was founded," who raised on the Updoy Iron Russia. "

It was Peter, according to Eugene, built this city on the banks of the river, in places that regularly flood. But the king did not think about it. He thought about the greatness of the country, about his greatness and power. Its less worried about difficulties that could arise from ordinary residents of St. Petersburg. Only in delirium hero is capable of protest. He faces the monument: "To you!" But here the insane Eugene began to seem that the monument pursues him, runs behind him through the streets of the city. The whole protest of the hero, his courage immediately disappeared. After that, he began to walk past the monument, not lifting the eye and embarrassed lick his card in his hands: Moured against the king to rebel! As a result, the hero dies. Of course, only such visions could arise in the head of the crazy hero. But in the poem they acquire a deep meaning, filled with bitter philosophical reflections of the poet. Flooding is likened to any transformations and reforms here. They are similar to the elements, because, like she, do not take into account the interests of ordinary people at all. No wonder and Petersburg was built on the bones of his builders. Pushkin is full of sympathy for "small" people. It shows the current side of reforms, transformations, thinks about the price of the country's grandeur. Symbolized in the poem, the image of the king, who resigned with the element, soothing himself by the fact that "not to cope with the elements with God's elements." The conclusions of the poet are sad. The conflict of personality and the state is inevitable, intractable and the outcome of it has long been known.

The key character of the work, along with the copper rider, is Evgeny, submitted by the poet in the image of a small Petersburg official who does not differ in any talents and has no special merit.

Evgeny has noble roots, but since it is currently poor, he will avoid meetings with anywhere aristocratic circles, showing cowardice and melancholic.

The life sense of the hero is a dream of a good job place, family, financial well-being, children. Eugene binds his dream with an ordinary girl from the poor family of a parse, living with her mother on the banks of the Neva in the dilapidated house.

One day the element in the form of flooding, accompanied by a strong storm, as a result of which Parashad dies, and her old house is destroyed, like many others in the city. Killed grief and losing hope for happiness in the future, Eugene loses the mind and becomes an insane person who walked through the streets gathering alms, spending over the streets and sometimes suffering from evil passers-by who belong to a man with contempt and mockery.

At some point, Eugene begins to think that the culprit of all his life shocks is the monument to the founder of the city of Peter the first, created in the form of a copper rider. The young man seems that monumental creation mocks him grief, pursues him even in a dream, mocking the suffering of the desperate person.

Despite the rainy weather, Eugene approaches the majestic monument, wanting only to look at his arrogan eyes, uttering the faded statements regarding Iron Istukan, not realizing that the monument could not be to blame for misfortunes.

A small and insignificant little man dared to threaten the autocrat in the form of a monument, sickling him and promising God's retribution in the future. During the monolobe, Eugene, addressed to the founder of St. Petersburg, there is a new natural disaster in the form of a destructive storm, as a result of which the hero is resting, dilding.

The story of the chief hero of the poem, the author in the image of Eugene reveals the transformation of an ordinary person who survived the life shocks, in the protesting rebel, daring to lift the protest against the existing injustice, entering into unequal battle and expressing the unwillingness to silently humble with the cruelty of evil rock and fate.

Essay about Eugene

The main hero of the poem Pushkin "Copper Horseman" is Eugene. The main character is a typical resident of St. Petersburg, thinks only about material inconceiture and how soon to move along the career staircase.

Evgeny all in family troubles, not thinking about the future, about his debt and homeland. If all these components are combined together, it turns out the image of a small person. Such Alexander Sergeevich does not like.

This hero has no surname. In this element, in principle, the author's relationship is manifested. Such a reception of Pushkin is trying to prove to the reader that any resident of St. Petersburg will be suitable for the role of the main character of this work.

During flooding in the city, Evgeny is not trying to help in a situation, he just watches. This is the character's selfishness, he does not think about anything, except for his benefits and himself. All his thoughts are occupied by very banal things.

After the incident in the city, Eugene becomes not in itself, it seems to him that he slowly goes crazy. He constantly wanders on the beloved streets of St. Petersburg. Thoughts climb about the past, as it used to be good. For Pushkin, this is a positive quality of a lively and real person.

Against the background of all this stress, nature is. The surrounding noise harmonizes the noise in the soul of Eugene. After the awareness of the incurred, the sound mind comes to him to him comes to Eugene. He begins to feel a huge loss.

Finally, patriotism wakes up in the main hero. He wants to take revenge on everything, therefore raises the uprising. Reading the work, at this stage you can see the indigenous change in the heroes.

The main task of Pushkino was to show how much the little man can be a merciless, who started the riot. Although this case can be called tragedies, but, despite the emotions, people can and want to fight for the truth.

It can be said that Eugene is the prototype of the Russian people, which is sometimes blind, but the main thing in time to open his eyes. The Russian people can and want to change their lives for the better. Probably, this is the main thing that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wanted to convey to his reader. He urged everyone to go to the end and fight for the truth.

Option 3.

Eugene - the main character of the immortal poem A.S. Pushkin "Copper Horseman". He is "young and healthy." Evgenia has an aristocratic origin: his pedigree takes his origin from an old boyars. Despite its honorable origin, Eugene did not gain glory among the people of the highest society, because his once respected race is subjected to oblivion.

The hero works in the public service. Eugene is a small official whose financial position leaves much to be desired. Hero hardworking: In order to make money on life, Eugene is ready to work for a day. He shoots a small room in one of the sleeping areas of St. Petersburg. The hero is in love with the girl named Paras, with whom he sincerely hopes to create a strong and friendly family, but his plans unfortunately did not exercise. The tragic death of Paras lists all the plans of loved on a happy family life.

Shocked by the death of his beloved, Eugene does not find a place. In his eyes there is no longer a light, and the heart and soul are broken by grief. As if wild, he is practically unconscious, wanders through the streets of St. Petersburg. There is no time tidy and full of vitality of a person, mooring meaningless and miserable existence.

During the disaster, the hero is tightly held behind the copper rider. In this episode, the author emphasizes such a small detail, like a hero's look: Eugene looks in the same direction as the rider. However, Petra's view fixed deep into centuries (the rider thinks about historical accomplishments, he does not care for human destinies), and the official looks at the dwelling dwelling beloved, which, as well as hundreds of houses, is located in the center of the raging element.

Mapping Evgeny and the copper rider, the author gives the reader to understand that hero, unlike the founder of St. Petersburg, is a loving heart: Eugene is experiencing for the fate of a loved one, while Peter I (and in his face) is not capable of this.

The author, in the work of the "Copper Horseman", emphasizes the conflict of the state and the individual person. The monument to Peter I, personifies the state, and Evgeny acts as a simple poor official, the victim of circumstances. In all his trouble, the hero blame Russia, in particular a copper rider who built the city in such an unfavorable place.

The fate of the hero is tragic. The history of Eugene is the personification of feudal Russia, the state where the "historical need" prevails over hundreds of human lives.

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