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In the modern world, the prices for building materials are quite high. However, you can safely save, knowing how to make brick with your own hands. After all, not every person to build even a small construction from materials purchased in the store.

For example, it is not necessary to buy a brick to build walls. You can make it yourself. We will have to spend money on the material for the manufacture, but in any case it will save a significant part of finance. It is for the preservation of funds to make knowledge about how to make bricks yourself.

Brick is a rectangular stone, made by human hands. Thanks to this form it is more convenient to use it during construction than a natural stone. So, what will need for homemade stone?

Materials

Making a brick with your own hands is to start with the search of clay. You can get it on your summer cottage. But if there is no such possibility, it is recommended to get to the nearest career. Brick production at home involves the use of certain materials. Previously be ensured as clay. It should be clean and normal in fat. You can check it yourself by the most simple ways. Here is one of them.

In advance prepared 0.5 liters of clay pour water. Do it until the clamp becomes sticky. Range the ball with a diameter of about 5 cm. Leave the product in the shade to dry 2-3 days.

Next, assess how downer the ball. If there is not a single crack on it, then the clay is not too fat and it does not have to add sand. Then throw a ball from a height of 1 m. If the cracks and this time did not appear, then the material is exactly good quality and suitable fatty.

However, it happens that the clay did not cracked, but at the same time not durable. In this case, you need to mix clause and sand. Do this in stages, in small portions, constantly checking the consistency of the solution.

We make bricks when the ideal proportions of the mixture are determined. You should choose the usual size for bricks - 250x120x65 mm. It is necessary to braid a few molds with nails. A qualitatively made form will be a key to how to make bricks strong and suitable for construction.

The product, made in all the rules, will be no worse than the red brick, manufactured and burnt at the factory. It is well suited for small structures. It is for such purposes that you need to know how to make brick yourself at home.

The plant uses a specialized molding press, because for the construction of houses requires high quality brick. However, the owner who decided to build a barn, not necessarily buy such expensive equipment.

To make a brick shape, you must prepare 2 sheets of plywood in advance and several boards with a thickness of about 2.5 cm. To speed up the process, several forms will be required. As a result, this design will completely replace the expensive press, and the final product will be no worse than the factory.

In bricks there must be emptiness to improve contact with the solution. To do this, you need to make small protrusions in the form of cones on both covers. Creamen the nails 5-6 cm All components of the form, leave the top cover loosely loosely. It is required to fill in a solution with a solution and remove homemade brick from it.

Forming products

Take a little clay, put it in the form and press from all sides. Ensure that the angles are filled.

That's how you make a brick with a form of your own hands. First wet the shape of water and sprinkle with cement. It will save from problems when withdrawing bricks. The clay mixture is folded into the cells and shake the shape to distribute the clay at the corners. Excess material is carefully removed and covered with a lid. After you, it is necessary to extract homemade bricks.

Next begins the main stage - drying. It is quite complicated due to a brick shrinkage by 15%.
The most convenient to carry out the process on the rack with a canopy. It is important that the future building material is well blown away by the wind, did not get under the sun rays and rain. This procedure takes from 6 to 15 days depending on weather conditions. The higher the air temperature, the faster the products will be dry.
So, the raw material is ready. How to make products burned? Most likely, there is no industrial furnace in the household, so you will have to independently make equipment for the production of bricks at home.
The firing process is folded. It is hardly possible to build a large-scale construction of homemade materials, but if 30-50 products are required, it will be reasonable to engage in independent processing of the product.

Fug by their own hands

Making a brick at home requires only the presence of a barrel. Its volume should be about 250 liters. You need to put the bricks there made by your own hands. Leave a small distance between the products so that they evenly warmed up.

Pre-prepare a yat with a depth of 40-50 cm under the fire. For uniform warm-up of products and convenient control of the fire, put a barrel on the fire on the legs 20 cm.

Now fill it with content. To put the products one to another, not forgetting to leave the gaps. Then cover the barrel sheet of metal so that the cold air does not get into it, it is recommended to attach to the handle cover to do not burn when it is necessary to remove it.

Fugged the brick from 18 to 20 hours. For the whole time, maintain the fire under the barrel at the required level.

After that, give the container to cool. In no case do not remove the lid! The cooling process should occur slowly, gradually. It is necessary to adjust the temperature, slowly reducing the power of the fire.

After 5 hours, after a complete cooling of the barrel, you can open the lid and get the burned brick.
It should be checked the quality of the work done. To do this test. One product should be broken with a hammer. If all the roasting rules are met, it will be the same color in all places.

Next, pour the water split on the part of the building material. Upon completion of staying in the water, the product should also have a homogeneous structure and the same color.
If the test passed successfully, the roasting process can be considered completed and can be used in the future to use the building material manufactured by their own hands.
Thus, the brick, which is made by its own forces without the press and industrial equipment, is not inferior to the factory.

Brick people use a long time ago. The reason for such popularity is the unique properties of this building material, as well as the simplicity of its manufacture. In the area with the active Sun in the summer, it can be made by handicraft, at home. The brick obtained in this way is suitable for the construction of single-storey facilities intended for housing or for economic needs.

Billet and clay check

Suitable clay is not in each locality, but often raw materials for the manufacture of bricks are located almost on the surface: it is enough to remove the layer of turf. If such a field is directly on your site - it is very convenient, and if not, you can use clay deposits in a public career or purchase a commercial career.

In the suitability of clay as raw materials, you need to make sure. To do this, you need to take the sample of the soil on the site: when adding water, does it turn into a reddish dirt of the oily consistency? So this place is suitable for mining the clay you need. But it is also necessary to test the fat content of raw materials - the quality of the resulting building material depends on this. To check, you need to take samples in different places of the site. Shelves of land is mixed with a small amount of water. Stirring should last until the clay does not fully absorb all the water and will not start sticking to the skin. The "dough" obtained in this way is formed in a pellet 10 cm with a diameter and a ball with a diameter of about 5 cm. Such a procedure is required to be carried out with each breakdown and leave the resulting samples for a couple of days to dry outdoors. If the samples were covered with cracks during this time - this means that the alumina should add sand to reduce fat content. If the crack is not observed and the ball will remain as far from the meter height - it means that the fat content of raw materials is within the normal range.

Skinny types of clays should be distinguished: they also do not crack, but also sufficient durability. To eliminate this shortage of such clay, you need to add more fatty varieties as well as sand. It is necessary to do this in several techniques, each time checking the quality of the mixture. This must be continued until the required proportion required to obtain high-quality products will be established.

How to make raw brick and samana

It is not an industrial way to make a clay brick of the following species: Samam (unreasonable with chopped straw), raw and burned red brick.

Samama, when making it from high-quality raw materials, with observance of the drying conditions, there will be nothing to yield to ordinary baked brick. Buildings from this material can serve up to 70 years.

If the walls of the structure are quite thick, then the building from Samana will be comfortable and summer, and in winter.

For the manufacture of the saman, a container for mixing components is assembled: two grades of clay are used - skinny and fat, to which straw is added in proportion 1: 1: 5. After that, some water is added and the resulting mixture is diligently mixed with a symptoms. The straw is pre-grinding: it contributes to an increase in the strength of the Saman. Not crushed straw as raw material is unsuitable. The ideal option is the use of dried wheat stems.

To form a brick to make snap from boards and plywood. The standard form of bricks corresponds to the size of 250 × 120 × 65 mm. To improve the clutch with a solution, you can make special protrusions in the lids forming the excavations in the brick. Details of the equipment are connected using long nails, and the upper cover must be removable. The number of templates must ensure the intended performance.

After cooking, the solution is filling the equipment. Initially, it must be moistened with water from the inside and spray with small sand, dust or cement: it is necessary to facilitate the removal of the formed product. When booking, the raw material is trambed to fill the equipment to be complete. Excess clay is removed with a spatula. After that, the upper lids are installed, which are then removed. Formed bricks are extracted from the form after turning it out.

In the picture, an example of construction from Samana

Drying bricks should occur under a canopy, on racks. In this process, the product decreases in the amount of approximately 15% (dried). It is recommended to cover the raw brick from the direct rays of the Sun, but to ensure good ventilability. Drying time depends on humidity and air temperature, as well as from wind speed and varies from one to two weeks.

Due to the low water resistance of an unbalanced brick, additional protection of the walls from moisture should be provided. To do this, increase the edges of the sinks at least to 60 cm and carefully tie the laying seams, window and doorways have a minimum of one and a half meters from the corners. But the best way is the lining of the walls outside with any moisture-resistant material or apply a layer of plaster.

The raw brick without straw is also manufactured as a saman with the only difference that instead of straw in clay add a small amount of pure quartz sand of a small fraction in the ratio of 1: 5.

The occupation is not simple, but to make a small batch of burnt bricks with a handicraft way is still possible. The whole process is divided into three parts: warming, directly firing and cooling.

Raw firing can be performed in a simple metal barrel of about 250 liters. It is necessary to cut the top and bottom bottom and install on a metal furnace without top. The raw brick is stacked inside the barrel and burns down.

Another firing method is with a fire. Single depths should be pulled out and install a barrel on low legs (about 20 cm). This is necessary for uniform warming up. The raw brick is stacked by a column inside the barrel with small gaps. The filled barrel must be closed with a lid to prevent intro cold air. It is necessary to maintain a bonfire about 20 hours: it depends on the quality of clay and is selected experimentally.

In the drying process, under the influence of high temperatures, clay sintering occurs - it turns into ceramics.

The process of coolest the brick must be adjustable: This can be done, gradually reducing the amount of fuel supplied. The barrel must remain closed all the time. A sharp temperature difference leads to brick cracking. The barrel can be opened only after 5 ... 6 hours after the brick will be completely cooled.

Homemade brick manufacturer practiced long before the construction of plants for their large-scale production. So today, many economical owners prefer to make bricks with their own hands, instead of spending money on purchased products of similar quality. Building materials made by hand, sometimes even tight factory, and sometimes for the construction of a shed or garage in the country, too durable products are not required. In this article we will tell you how to make bricks with your own hands at home without the use of specialized equipment - machines, presses, etc.

Homemade bricks - highlights

The advantage of self-made bricks over those manufactured in the factory conditions, not only in their cheapness and economy. The most important thing is the absolute environmental safety of building materials. You know exactly what brick is made, and you can control its physico-chemical characteristics at its discretion, making more durable, light, durable, warm, etc.

Make bricks at home is quite simple, and the methods of their manufacture are known for a very long time. At the same time, you will not need special technique or professional skills - everything happens in handicraft conditions. The combination of proven production methods, natural materials and new technical techniques allows you to get a high-quality product at minimum cost. So, in raw materials for bricks, various polymer additives and plasticizers can be added to improve its thermal insulation qualities.

Construction of a new building in the country, whether it is a sewage pit, a fence, a small barn or a guest house, not always associated with great financial costs. If you know the secret of making homemade bricks, you can save a significant amount and spend it on high-quality finish, furniture, or celebration of housekews!

What makes brick

By and large, the brick is an artificially created stone rectangular shape. Why rectangular? For construction, it is this geometric form that is most convenient - it is able to withstand long loads, ensures strength, stability, rectangular building materials easier to transport.

The most important thing in the manufacture of homemade bricks is to find high-quality raw materials. To do this, it will be necessary to find the field of good clay or purchase it on the basis, factory, construction market, etc. From how clean it is clay and what inclusions are present in it, the strength and durability of products will depend on. So if you found a clay deposit near the house, do not rush to rejoice and fill the bags it - first check the quality.

Not every clay is suitable for bricks. So, it is necessary to check the level of its fat. To do this, type a little clay and swing it with water until it starts sticking to the hands, and it will be possible to sculpt from it. Take a small ball of about 5 cm in diameter and damn with a thickness of 1 cm and 10 cm in diameter. Put the products into the shadow outdoors for 2-3 days.

When they dry, you can proceed to testing the strength. If cracks were formed on the surface on the surface, then the clay was too fat and for the preparation of "brick test" it should be diluted with small river sand. If the cracks did not appear, throw a ball on the asphalt from a height of 1 m without an effort - if he sends, then you got the perfect clay for the production of bricks.

If the clay for the manufacture of brick is too dry, it does not crack, but it will be rather fragile. In this case, it must be diluted with a more fatty. For the preparation of the solution, soak clay with water and how to disperse, to achieve a consistency of very thick sour cream. If necessary, add to a mixture of river sand or fatty clay at the rate of 5 parts of the sand on 1 part of the clay. Must warn that this is only an approximate proportion, since all clays have a different composition, and you may have to experiment to find your recipe for the preparation of the perfect solution.

As mentioned above, plasticizers and other additives can be mixed in homemade bricks capable of improving the performance characteristics of the material. For example, in ancient in the brick mass, minor sawdust was added as a heater. And today the manufacture of saman bricks with straw is becoming popular. Such a "dough" is perfect not only for homemade bricks, but also for waterproofing and insulation of foundations.

How to give brick shape

When the issue with the materials is resolved, you should take care of the form of future items. At factories for forming an unhappy brick (raw), the press is used, at home, it may well be replaced by self-made molds in the form of rectangles from boards or plywood. Press for making bricks can be useful if you started large-scale construction. But for a small building or the fence, there are enough wooden blanks.

Elementary form for the manufacture of bricks is made of lackless boards, couples of plywood and nails. To speed up production rates, it is recommended to make several blanks at once, otherwise you have to wait until the composition dry to free the shape and proceed to the fill of the next brick.

Form dimensions can be any depending on your needs and preferences, but it is better at first not to fantasize, but to make cells with dimensions of classic bricks - 250x120x65 mm. On the shape lids on top and bottom, build small conical ledges so that the products remain empty to improve adhesion with cement mortar.

Flip out the shape of the boards, attach the bottom of the plywood, and leave the top cover is unfilted so that it can be easily removed after filling the shape and remove the formated neat brick.

How to make brick - instruction

There are several types of bricks depending on the specifics of the creation: an unhandacled brick or raw and burned - molded, and then underwent heat treatment in the furnace. It is very easy to distinguish them - burned bricks have a rich red shade, and raw remains black-brown, like a dry clay. On operational characteristics, these species do not differ practically, although there is an opinion that the burned brick is stronger. However, if the raw is formed from high-quality clay and dry properly, it will not yield to the strength of the product treated in the furnace.

Homemade bricks are suitable for the construction of small structures, such as Sarai, baths, garages. Below we will look at the process of manufacturing both types of products.

Unsecured brick

The manufacturing technology of raw brick is quite simple, anyone will cope with it. If desired, even children can be attracted to work, since the forming process is quite interesting and resembles the laying of "Kulichiki" in the sandbox.

How to make an unreleased brick:

1. Wooden shape moisten from inside with cold water.
2. Pour a clean dry cement or conventional shallow dust so that molded bricks are easily removed and not lost shape.
3. Spread the clay mixture on the discs and threaten the shape threshold so that the "dough" filled all the corners.
4. Surplus the solution remove the piece of plywood or a wide spatula.
5. Close the shape of a removable lid.
6. Leave the shape in the shade for several days.
7. When bricks get dry, remove the lid and leave the products to dry another day.
8. Then turn the cells, carefully shake the molded products and leave to dry.

Such a homemade "machine" for the manufacture of brick will allow you to make high-quality building materials in a short time. To speed up the process, make several shapes with many cells, but not too large so that they can be easily flipped.

Drying is the most important and responsible stage. In the process, bricks are sitting at about 15% and can crack, if not to comply with technology. In no case, do not exhibit forms with a solution in the sun - this is in no way accelerate the drying process, but only rules the material. Also, you should not leave forms in the shade of a tree or at home so that they do not wet in the rain or dew. It is best to put them under a canopy or in a barn with good ventilation. Keep bricks can from week to 16 days depending on the dimensions, the composition of the solution, temperature and humidity.

Kirpich firing

How from clay make brick raw more less clear. But if you need burnt products, you should prepare more work in work. Such a red brick may be needed if it is necessary to close the hole in the fence from a similar material or build a small partition, make a mini-stove or brazier on the summer kitchen. That is, if we are talking about 30-50 bricks, but not about large-scale buildings.

Of course, if you do not accidentally accidentally find an industrial firing furnace, then there is another matter. In all other cases will have to improvise. In handicraft conditions, clay bricks are burned in ordinary large barrels of about 200 liters.

On a free plot without vegetation and communications underground, dig a hole with a depth of about 50 cm and a diameter of a little less than the diameter of the barrel bottom. Cut small holes at the bottom of the tank or remove the bottom at all. At the edges of the pit, put the stones with a height of about 20 cm, bricks or iron legs to establish a barrel - so in the pit it will be possible to maintain a fire and heat. At the bottom of the pit, throw the bonfire, put the barrel and put the raw inside. Bricks are placed with gaps and slightly with a shift so that they warmer evenly. Cover the barrel with an iron sheet so that cold air does not penetrate.

The roasting process itself is rather tedious and long. It is necessary to constantly maintain a high combustion temperature in the pit, laying firewood or coal, for 18-20 hours. For this reason, it is better to start work from early morning. After the expiration of the specified period, give fire to burn yourself alone, and barrel - completely cool.

IMPORTANT: In no case do not extinguish the fire - a sharp drop of temperature will lead to cracking of the clay concedes.

After several hours, the barrel and all the contents are cooled, and it is possible to remove ready-made baked bricks without fears. But before laying it is necessary to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, you will have to sacrifice one brick. We break it up with a construction sledgehammer and look at the rift - a well-burned brick color is uniform and the same, without gradients and stains. The structure should also be homogeneous. Fill the wreckage by water for a couple of hours and see how the material will behave after clarifying. The quality product must maintain the structure and color.

In exactly the same way, you can make a decorative brick with your own hands for facing the facade or fence, decorating the oven inside the house. The beautiful color of the burned brick will give the exterior of the coziness and completeness.

Making bricks with your own hands: Video instructions

We hope our article helped you deal with the question of how to make a brick in handicrafts, and you can not only save money, but also to gain valuable skills in order to subsequently build everything with your own hands.

Finally, we suggest familiarizing yourself with the useful video material about the manufacture of homemade bricks with a compact press:

And here is the bricks at the factory:

Brick do it mostly make in small amounts for their own needs. The usual clay or refractory is used in the construction of small objects. For the manufacture, the solution is mixed, lay out and dried. To give the necessary strength, burn in a special oven.

Much more often requires material for interior design. There is decorative, facing, created by simple technology from plaster, cement, as well as its imitation with the use of drywall, paper.

Types of bricks and its features

All products have standard dimensions of 65 × 120 × 250 mm, 88 × 120 × 250 mm or smaller, but multiple in all parameters. Building bricks are made from clay slightly saline, in the finished state it with a small porosity to reduce thermal conductivity and clutch with a solution.

It is good in the furnace at 900-1100 °. Alive has a scarlet color, bad characteristics: insufficient strength, low water resistance, disabling frost disabilities. Checked (Zheleznyak) Usually with curved forms, high thermal conductivity. In construction, high-quality bricks are used for laying walls, flue pipes, furnaces, except for the furnace zone.

They use refractory, which is capable of carrying high temperature. It is made by burning clay with shamot, but it is impossible to make houses - it takes 1500 °. If the brick reap, it is covered with a shell similar to glass. Its quality is easily recognized in appearance - sandy-yellow color, grainy. When hit, it flies into large pieces, and the inexpensive scattered into small. Easy to masonry the furnaces, chimneys cannot - does not save heat and can collapse.

Apartment with decorative brick decoration is distinguished by the original design. Products have different parameters and surface structure, rectangular shape and slightly rounded edges, the most diverse color. The wizard will help choose the most suitable interior options. Species differ in production technology and material:

The advantages of the products for the decor are a long service life, light weight, resistance to abrasion, water and fire. It has some disadvantages in color if low-quality materials are used. Due to the convex surface, the room is visually reduced.

In facing brick, the main dignity is its beauty. At the same time, it is durable, resistant to atmospheric phenomena, is successfully applied to internal and external work. Amazes a variety of shades - you can choose the color to taste. Dimensions vary, which allows you to embody any idea. The wall acquires a unique design.

Industry produces several species that are distinguished by the facial surface and quality:

• glazed - has a special layer that gives volume;
• ceramic - with it, patterns are created;
• clinker is less aesthetic, but with increased wear resistance and durability;
• hyperpressed - consists only of limestone and cement, does not contain clay.

The production of the latter is carried out without firing, but under high pressure. Poor maintains heat, applied indoors.

Manufacturing at home

The production technology of the building material from clay is known for centuries. Do not need technique and equipment, skills of a high-class specialist. Proven methods and new technical techniques are used, which allows you to get high-quality products with minimal costs.

To give brick strength, it is burned in the furnace. If a lot is required, the capital construction is built, even a metal barrel can be applied with small volumes. Modern additives improve high-quality characteristics: thermal insulation properties, frost resistance, moisture, crack appearance.

Preparation of raw materials

Not every clay is suitable for making bricks. It is used only high-quality, in which there are no pebbles, pebbles, earth, white inclusions. From this, strength, durability, resistance to reduced temperatures and water are dependent. Previously check for fatty. A small amount is soaked, and when the material becomes homogeneous, the ball with an exemplary diameter of 5 cm rolls.

It is left in the shade to sleep well, then start testing. If you got caught - the clay is fat, it should be added to it 5 pieces of fine river sand. But this is an approximate dosage, we will have to experiment, achieving quality composition.

Cracks may not form. Then take a ball and release into a free drop from a meter height on a solid surface. If after hitting - the strength is high, suitable for bricks. When it breaks - the mixture is diluted with bold. Its or sand fall asleep with minor portions, each time they check until the desired composition can be achieved.

Big plasticity facilitates the manufacture. To achieve this condition, the crushed raw materials are put in a wide box, water is added for several techniques, thoroughly stirring. Leave in this form by no less than three days, while the composition does not acquire homogeneity. Capacities are covered with a moistened fabric or film.

Forming products

The finished solution is placed in wooden or metal boxes. They are calculated on one brick or more. From the inside necessarily a smooth surface. Before filling, lubricate with oil or use whitewash (water with chalk). Forms can be collapsible or solid, as shown in the pictures.

Filling the capacitance of clay, take into account that it, hanging, and then during the firing, decreases in size. Therefore, each side is increased by 10 mm. For convenience, the box is made without the bottom and with removable sides. It can be made with a calculation of one solid blank, which is then cut into parts of a string or metal plate dipped in water.

On the moisturized sidewalls and the bottom pour petty sidewged river sand or a little sawdust. Place the prepared mass, trambet. In the process of shrinkage, clay is added until it is equal to the edges. Surplus are cut with a metal or wood with a large spatula. The surface is smoothed and removed the box. For 1-2 hours, the product is left to silence. Readiness is determined by pressing fingers - traces should not remain. Rejected copies are allowed for processing.

To make brick with your own hands in large quantities, you should take care of fixtures. Easy work homemade screw press, where a jack is used for the drive. Accelerates primary drying hot water for making a solution.

How to dry out correctly

In many ways, quality depends on how moisture goes. The evenly the process lasts longer, the stronger the material comes out. If the temperature is inconstant, overheating is allowed, then cooling, cracks and deformation appear. Typically, the shaped billets are placed under the canopy.

On open areas, the top and side cover the cloth to protect from the sun's rays at noon, and during the rain - the film. Do not forget to shoot when the weather is moderate and no precipitation. It is necessary that the base is not wet - even on dry ground, they spread the film or lay the boards, and on top of the raw.

The material unfolded in one layer will dry faster, but requires a lot of space. Therefore, they make vertical packages of 6-8 rows, each moves off with sawdust or sand. Locked loosely, leave a small space to pass the air. When the bricks below dries, increase freshly prepared. Given that the process is happening from above faster, the willingness of all products will come about at one time. The outdoor temperature should be at least 10 °.

If the clay brick is simply dried without firing, it will get raw. It has a brown black. On operational qualities, it is almost no different from red, but more pronounced deformation and less durable. If you use high-quality raw materials, dry well, the characteristics are practically compared.

The duration of the process depends on the weather. At normal temperature without excessive moisture, the brick of small standard sizes dries in 10-15 days. Readiness is determined by the test. From the middle they take one raw and swallowed in half. If there is no dark spot, which indicates moisture, the necessary quality has been achieved.

Fingering technology

If a person is first engaged in the manufacture of building bricks, he does not have a special oven. If in the future it is not planned similar, it makes no sense to build it. A metallic capacity of 200 liters is used, holes are made in the bottom.

Choose a plot where there are no communications located underground. They dig a slightly smaller diameter, a depth of 0.5 m. The sides are installed stones with a height of 20 cm, on top of the barrel. The raw is placed inside - it includes 35-40 pieces. Locked with gaps, close on top.

The bonfire is baked under the container. The roasting process is long and tedious, lasts 20 hours. Start early in the morning, constantly maintain high temperature, lining fuel. When it takes the necessary time, leave to get to go. It is impossible to extinguish that the barrel coal slowly, otherwise the cranked clay cracks.

A better firing is obtained if you use a homemade furnace, the design of which is presented in the picture below.

Brick properties are determined by many process factors:

• time lifting temperature and its finite indicators;
• exposure with the reached parameters;
• cooling speed.

Build the furnace begin with a foundation with a depth of 0.5 m and a width of 0.6 m. Then lay the vertical walls with a thickness of half the meter. After achieving ⅔ height, they are gradually narrowed by forming chimney, which is put on the pipe to improve the traction. Applied burned brick or raw. In order for the design to easily disassemble when needed, the masonry is performed on a skinny solution. Under the furnaces fall asleep with a 10-centimeter layer of crumbs or small crushed stone.

Provide the opening for loading, which then serves as a firebox. It is installed a well-fitted lid or door. All walls outside are cooked with a thick layer of clay. After laying raw fuel fuel. First, it takes only 150 °, it does not need to increase dramatically - a lot of steam is collected, which threatens the destruction. Use low-grade firewood.

After 48 hours, it is gradually raised to 1000 ° temperatures, support up to four days. The flame must be light orange. When they stop taking, close the appeared on the walls of the slit, leave until complete cooling. The quality of the bricks is checked by breaking one of them. Well burned has a homogeneous color and structure. If you pour it with water for several hours, the initial species should not change.

How to make decorative brick

A very popular material was noticeably sweating the traditional wallpaper. Many stops its cost, but you can make it yourself, using the available raw materials. It will take gypsum or portland cement, there are options from plasterboard or even paper.

There are forms that are on sale, but they are expensive. At home, they can be made of dense cardboard. Boxes in standard sizes 250 × 65 mm high 0.5-3 cm high. To the walls do not sprawl, turn the wire mesh. Something embossed is laid on the bottom, otherwise the facial surface will be flat. A good matrix is \u200b\u200bobtained from liquid polyurethane, with the help of it you can establish production in large volumes.

Three options - plaster, cement with foam, papier-mache

The quality is almost 100% dependent on raw materials. The best result is obtained using M-16 gypsum gypsum. M-5 or M-10 can be used, but it should add plasticizers, fibrovolok.

The form spray with soapy water and allow to dry so that the products from it fly out. In the meantime, a solution is prepared: 600 ml of water is added in 750 ml of gypsum and mixed thoroughly. If there is no mixer - hand in rubber gloves, vail all lumps. It is done quickly that the composition does not grab. Next, it is poured into the matrix, they smooth off the spatula.

After half an hour, take out, fold. Natural drying occurs long, especially if the temperature is low, and the humidity is increased. It will help the usual oven, which is exhibited by 50 °. After a few hours, the surface burns, which indicates the full readiness of the product.

The second original and easy way:

• polyfoam balls are poured into the container;
• in another dish, white cement and fine sand are mixed in the 3: 1 proportion;
• we gradually add water so that the mixture is sour cream;
• it is poured balls, mixed, poured into forms.

If they are flattened, they do not wait for complete drying, and take out and handle tools for wood thread. It should be met in one day. With this method, each product acquires the original form, because the same with manual finish is practically not obtained.

Simple instruction will help make decorative paper bricks:

1. 1. The cardboard is torn and poured with boiling water, by periodically adding it, as the water is strongly absorbed. The cooled mass is crushed with a mixer, excess moisture is pressed through the grid. They crosses lumps, removing too small, otherwise it turns out a flat surface.
2. 2. Clauster is boiled from starch, which poured paper pebbles. Take a little to moisten. Aqueshes are added, all stirred and get the dough for bricks.
3. 3. Send a mass in forms previously covered with polyethylene so that it is convenient to remove after drying. The recommended thickness is about one centimeter.

It remains to give the desired color. For this, acrylic dyes are used, strongly diluted with water. They cover the facial surface 2-3 times. Finally, a colorless varnish is applied after complete drying.

Imitation of brick masonry

Sometimes there is no desire to mess with solutions and forms, and so I want to give the room an original design. It will help the manufacture of a false wall, for which the plasterboard is used. Cells of the desired size are applied to the sheet, cut through the lines, then handle individual parts.

GKK does not have the necessary texture. To give it the form of decorative brick, any plaster, which has good adhesion, for example, isoips. The mixture is diluted with water to the desired consistency until it becomes plastic. Then impose a spatula on the workpiece and give the desired relief. Day or two dried, then process edges. Color and stick on the wall in a few hours.

If the finish is performed under the imitation of the facing brick, the second layer is not applied. Instead, acrylic paints are used, which neatly apply a sprayer several times. Care required so that the paper does not exist - it is recommended to use waterproof material. In completion, a transparent varnish is applied, which will give shine.

Cardboard for imitation is a very economical option. Take boxes, rectangles disassemble and cut. The wall is placed, a blank is pasted on each cell. When it rises, proceed to applying the relief. Use paper napkins, well breathe them with their hands. Then combine with fake bricks on glue for heavy wallpaper. Immediately apply the same composition from above, form a lot of folds and leave to dry.

Acrylic paints are used for finishing. The first layer is undivided, then tinted with severe water. Fasten matte varnish.

This is not all brick manufacturers. You can use other materials, such as plastic panels. Various methods are permissible to combine, choosing the most suitable at each stage.

Brick is one of the widespread materials that became known to humanity several thousand years ago. By nature, it is a stone of proper geometric shape. Materials are manufactured by a debugging and oblivion. Having understood how to make a brick, you can make it yourself. We will have to work a little, but the savings will be very impressive.

Work on self-making brick is performed in several mandatory stages. It all starts with mining or purchasing clay, then the dough is preparing, from which you can make a brick of proper quality, form and filled with forms, after which the workpieces are dried and are burned when necessary.

Preparation of raw materials for brick manufacture

Before making a brick, you will need to prepare the required amount of raw materials. On average, 1000 products take order of 2 m³ of the source material. If you get the raw materials yourself, you will need the following tools:

1. Soviet and bayonet shovel.
2. Costortion.
3. Forks with frequent teeth.
4. Kirki.
5. Cars for the transport of material.

Choose a suitable deposit, located if possible as close as possible to the place of future brick production. The best option is dry, not flooded with atmospheric and underground water.

Works on the workpiece of raw materials begin with the removal of all unnecessary cover. With the help of brush cutters, the site is freed from small trees and shrubs. After that, you will need to equip a convenient driveway. To extract and export clay, it was most convenient as possible, you need to pull the trench. Gradually, the trench will deepen before the base of the clay layer so that you can enter the quarry and leave it without any difficulty.

Frozen and dense clay is developed with scrap and kirk. For the development of more loose and suitable for mining, use semicircular or pointed shovels. Soviet shovels are used to load a wheelbarrow. If clay sticks to the tool, you can use forks. To facilitate clay transport to the place of storage, form a flat surface from the boards. Quite simply to put them on the ground. Material needs to be conquered. The height of the cone should be no more than 1 m. It is better to make several small bullets with a diameter of 1-1.5 m than one huge bunch.

In the process of making a brick you will need the following:

1. Shovels and clay.
2. Sand and scoops for him.
3. Flooring.
4. Scraper or bracket.
5. Worked.
6. Tolkun (Pest).

Depending on the work being performed, the list of necessary tools can be complemented or shrinkable, but this is the basis.

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Step-by-step test instructions for bricks

First you need to prepare extracted raw materials. Preparation comes down to removing stones and other third-party inclusions. Material must be checked for fatty. Take the jar on 0.5 liters, fill it with clay, then move the material from the bank to the bowl, add some water and disperse the dough with your own hands.

Understand that the dough is ready, very simple. If it absorbed all the water and began to pester to the hands, you can stop kneading. Skate the ball with a diameter of 4-5 cm from a thick test and simultaneously make a cake with a diameter of about 10 cm. They will allow you to study the properties of raw materials. Sew tops and balls need 2-3 days. If the pellet covers cracks, then the clay is too fat. If there are no cracks, recheck even with the ball. Throw it from a height of about 1 m. If the ball does not crack and does not figure out, you can use clay to work. If necessary, adjust the composition by mixing the clay or the addition of sand until the optimal characteristics of the working test are obtained.

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Making forms and drying blanks

For the manufacture of forms you will need a sheet plywood and wooden boards with a thickness of 2-2.5 cm. The boards need to be put on the phaneer and fasten it so as to get cells of the same size. Consider the fact that in the drying process, the raw material will give a shrinkage of about 15%, so the cells need to be made of 15% more than the standard brick size, which is 25x12x6.5 cm. Use long nails for fixing boards. In order for the dough better clutch with the forms, they need to make conical protrusions. It is at the expense of these protrusions that are formed emptiness in products. It is best to make protrusions in plywood sheets used as removable covers.

Moisten the inner walls of the forms with water and sprinkle with a small amount of cement. This will make it easier to remove bricks in the future. Cells are filled with clay dough and shake so that the material filled the corners of the cells. Remove the excess material with a metal plate. Filled shape Close the lid. After some time, the form will need to open, check whether the workpieces hardened, and put on racks for drying. You need to dry in air, use for this heaters and other similar devices cannot be.

When drying moisture from the billets will move to the outer layers and evaporate. Under the influence of surface forces, external clay layers will expand and cut internal. Drying is carried out under the canopy. On the rack or lined ground in the absence of a rack, you need to pour a pair of straw and dry sand. Such a litter will prevent bricks to the surface and will contribute to their uniform drying. If necessary, you can move the blanks, inspect them, etc.

Fueling with polyethylene film. She will need if rain suddenly goes. On the drying goes on average 1-1.5 weeks. Up to 85% moisture will evaporate from the blanks. The remaining moisture will leave in the firing process.

After the process of natural drying is completed, the so-called raw brick gets out of the forms. In this form it can already be used for internal works. Facing like a brick is not performed. Consider the fact that such products have poor waterproofability.

Walls that are built from raw bricks must be additionally protected from moisture. This is done by tangling seams. Window and doorways are equipped at a distance of about 1.5 m from the corner of the room. Svet roofing, at the expense of which the protection of walls is protected from precipitation is made from 60 cm long.

To obtain a facing brick, the workpiece must be burned. For this purpose, an outdoor interim oven is applied. The firing technology provides several main stages. First you need to prepare an aggregate for work.

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Preparation of a brick kiln

It is best for the furnace device a sublime area in place is not available for groundwater and sedimentary water. The site must be carefully cleaned from the entire vegetable layer, after which you can go to the tamper and horizontal layout. Minimum furnace performance - 1500 bricks. Such a design will have dimensions of 2x1.6x1.8 m. For the construction of walls, raw brick is used. Walls are laid out with a thickness of 1 brick.

The overlap is performed on a metal frame. It is necessary that each row of the arch be laid on 2 rods or steel stripes. In the middle of the arch should be height from 35 cm. The focus is either the furnace in such a stove is a cross-cutting corridor with dimensions of 50x40 cm. Along the entire length of the corridor, you need to make ledgers in 25 cm high. They are made on both walls. After that, if coal fuel will be applied, grate should be installed there. If the furnace will work on firewood, you can refuse from grate grids.

In the firebox you need to make the door 40x40 cm. Smoke channels are placed in the arch. The channel must have a cross section of 28x25 cm. If the furnace works on a brown of angle or peat, you need to prepare holes in size 25x15 cm. In this case, they must be additionally equipped with covers through which fuel will be supplied to the furnace. Chimney is laid out of the brick. The internal section of the pipe is 40x40 cm, height - up to 5 m. The chimney is installed behind the furnace unit and connects to the channel. The channel itself is placed in the rear wall. In the middle of the walls you need to leave holes for viewing. In the future, you launch them with bricks.

The rear and side walls, chimney, the angles of the front wall and the arch are put on the ordinary clay solution. The front of the wall is laid without a solution. A part without a solution will be able to cut the sidet.