Warm roof: stages of work and materials. Warm roof with your own hands: Roof design, detailed description and selection of material How to make a warm roof

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The device of the modern roof is a complex multi-layer design, and the materials that are used are manufactured according to the latest technology based on advanced developments. Roofing "Pie" contains insulating and saving heat layers. From the adverse effects of weather conditions, the inner premises of buildings protect primarily waterproofing and insulation.

A competently designed and professionally built multilayer warm roof helps residents of the house without any problems to survive cold and atmospheric precipitation.

The rafter design depicted in the photo, which is a roof frame, should be durable and reliable, otherwise the roof will not be able to perform the functions assigned to it, which will lead to leaks and expensive repair.

When creating roofing, we should not forget to provide additional ventilation. Freely circulating fresh air prevents the condensate accumulation between the dense layers of the roofing cake. Stropil structures and other elements of the roof of natural wood provide the necessary level of ventilation and at the same time slightly take roofing system. Another argument in favor of using these materials is their environmental safety.

When a warm roof is built, do not do without strengthening layers, which are solid and reliable materials, such as concrete tiles, gravel, etc. They protect less strong roofing products from mechanical damage. True, having a considerable weight Materials for the roof improvement take it up with its design, so such nuances should be considered to be taken into account. The top layer of "pie" is a coating to create a roofing material. The choice of its texture, colors, aesthetic characteristics depends on the individual preferences of property owners and the design solution, it can be a professional, metal tile, slate or more modern products.

Insulating materials for the roof

How qualitatively the warm roof will be made with their own hands, largely depends on the insulating materials used. When choosing waterproofing and insulation, the calculated parameters laid down in the project. For example, in the region where construction is assumed, climatic conditions require to provide houses good protection against moisture and precipitation or there are strong gusts of the wind.

When calculating, all alleged loads on the building, and, accordingly, they certainly take into account the roof. Therefore, the presence of layers of roofing "cake" for each house can differ significantly.

Waterproofing layer . It is necessary to create protection against moisture. Frequent and abundant rains, melting of snow and fogs can cause great damage to the building and people in it. The use of waterproofing materials is a reliable obstacle to water seeking to penetrate the roof design.

Vapor insulation layer . The use of such a type of isolation provides high-quality protection from all sorts of evaporation and prevents condensate on different surfaces.

Heat insulating layer . Allows you to maintain heat inside the building and does not give to penetrate the cold air masses into the indoor room from the street. The range of thermal insulation materials is treated today, so you can choose the necessary products for insulation, given the individual requirements for a particular home.

Noise insulating layer . Materials for suppressing high-profile sounds that are coming from the outside are not as often as other types of isolation, but they provide a comfortable environment for staying people indoors.

Types of thermal insulation

Large list of products for insulation allows you to choose the best option and create a truly warm roof in accordance with the design solution. You can give preference to inexpensive materials or purchase modern products issued on the basis of the latest scientific developments. True, the last option will be much more expensive to homeowners, but it will provide them with reliable protection of buildings and a long service life.

Ceramzit . This method of insulation of the roofs is applied for a long time. This lightweight building material, which has the form of an oval or round granule, which is made of natural burned clay. Thus, the crushes are well combined with the heat-insulating properties of the source raw, when the warm roof is created with their own hands.

Styrofoam . The insulation of the roof with its use is considered one of the most popular options for thermal insulation applied both for pitched roofs and flat. It prolongs the life of roofing design.

Polyurene Foolder . It is included in the group of gas-filled plastics and is considered to be more technological heat insulator. Work on insulation polyurethane foam is easier than when using clay. They produce this pretty soft material in the form of large plates, with this and the features of its installation are connected. Installation requires additional strengthening of polyurethane foam in the roof design.

Penoplex. . The use of this modern material refers to new solutions in the implementation of thermal insulation. Paintex compact plates are perfectly retaining heat, although they are flexible. The thermal insulation layer, created by them, thinner than that of similar materials. Thanks to the characteristics described above, Penoplex is becoming increasingly popular.

According to statistics, each second homeowner built his home alone. According to their reviews, the independent erection of the roof is one of the most difficult stages for non-professional builders. Therefore, it is very important to approach this stage, having a complete picture of all the nuances of the process in the head. To figure out how to make a roof with your own hands, it is necessary to study the device, the installation technology, the order of work and the features of the attachment of all components of the structure.

Types of roofs

First you need to decide on the form. To date, the most popular species are:

Forms features

The roof overlap with one single slide will save nerves and materials, since it is constructively the easiest option. If you make such a frame yourself, then the working capacity will be the smallest, and the mounting speed is high. But this form has a disadvantage - there is no possibility of arranging a full attic or attic, since the underproductive space turns out too low.

The double roof is mounted much more often. It is slightly harder in the manufacture, but allows you to get more space. Compared to four-tie, it has less complexity and mass, but it will take triangular frontones along the ends of the building.

Diva - most popular form

Before proceeding with the independent erection of the roof with four slots, it will be necessary to seriously prepare. Such a system has more elements compared to two previous. In addition, it is not possible to make full-fledged windows on the attic, since the roof design is deprived of the frontones and the installation of complex or not to avoid.

Four-tight complex in the device, but the savings are achieved due to the absence of frontones

For attic an excellent option will be a combined design with. In this case, at the bottom of the roof has a larger bias than on the uppermost area. Such an assembly allows you to raise the ceiling indoors and make the built house more comfortable.

Broken - not the most "architectural", but very effective in the plan of the space used

Payment

Before starting work, you need to make a design. Calculate the cross section of all elements does not make sense. In most cases, they can be taken constructively:

• mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
• racks - 100x150 or 100x100 mm depending on the cross section of the rafter;
• podcovas - 100x150 or 50x150 mm, taking into account the convenience of compound with rafyles;
• tightening - 50x150 mm on both sides;
• runs - 100x150 or 150x50 mm;
• lining thickness from 32 to 50 mm.

Calculation is usually performed only for rafter and silent feet. It is required to choose the height and width of the section. Parameters depend on:

• roofing material;
• snow area;
• the step of the rafter (it is selected so that it is convenient to lay the insulation, 58 cm should remain between the elements in the light);
• span.

You can choose a cross section of a rafted using general recommendations. But in this case it is recommended to make a small supply.

Calculation is usually performed for rafter legs

If you do not want understanding in the subtleties of computing, you can use special.

If you intend to make a warm roof, then the height of the sections of the legs are selected, taking into account the thickness of the insulation. It is necessary to mount it so that he does not perform above the beams. It is also necessary to consider that for mineral wool, a 2-4 cm ventilation gap is made between it and the coating. If the height of the rafter is not enough for this, the installation of the counterbalaxseckers is provided.

Step-by-step instructions for work

The sequence of the roof stages looks like this:

1. performing measurements of the building box (sizes can not match the project slightly);
2. preparation of materials and tools, wood processing by antiseptic;
3. mounting Mauerlat to the wall;
4. installing the skate riglel if it is needed (for sprinkling rafters);
5. mounting frame;
6. reinforcement of the roof using racks, trenches and tightening;
7. waterproofing;
8. doom;
9. providing ventilation;
10. installing drippers;
11. installation of coating.

Malelaci fastening

So that the roof is securely fixed, you need to take care of its reliable connection with the wall of the building. If a wooden house is erected, then Maurylalat is not required - the upper crown of timber or logs acts as this element. In this case, the mounting to the wall is performed using special "floating" fasteners. They are sold already ready, most often they are called Salazkov. This option of the roof device allows the entire design to be slightly shifted during the shrinkage of the walls without destruction and deformations.

"Sliding" fastening in a wooden house

A similar situation arises with a skeleton house. In this case, Mauerlat will be the top strapping of the walls. It is attached to the frame racks with a stammer with a corner, bracket or nails.

Methods of fastening rafters to the strapping in a frame house

The design of the roof of the brick, concrete blocks or concrete means fixing through Maurylalat. In this case, there are several ways.

Put the Mauerlat on the wall with four ways:

• on brackets;
• on studs;
• on anchor bolts.

Maurylalat can be fixed on the brackets. In this case, wooden bars are put in the masonry on the inside. They should be located 4 rows from the cut. One side of the bracket is fastened to Mauerlat, and the second to the same Bruk in the masonry. The method can also be attributed to simple. It is not recommended for large buildings with high loads.

Mounting Mauerlat for brackets. In the wall masonry, antiseptic wooden bars are envisaged in 1-1.5 m increments

Attaching when mounting the roof can be carried out through studs or anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Fasteners are put in the masonry. Maurylalat is temporarily laid on the edge, it is necessary to slowly knock down with a hammer. After that, the bar remains the deepening in the locations of the fastener. They need to make holes under the heel. After that, the timber is put on fasteners and spin nuts. The method is ideal for walls of light concrete in the presence of monolithic armopoyas.

Fastening rafted to Mauerlat

In the houses of brick or stone, it is wiser to perform with a hard attachment rafted to Mauerlat. In this case, you can use both a weak and hanging system. The design involves two ways:

• with wrist;
• wITHOUT WHITE.

In the first case, the rafters are shaking with a bias so that they are tightly adjacent to Mauerlat. For carnis removal, the kobinki is provided. They are fixed to the foot with an overlap at least 1 m. Hard fixation of the node should be made using self-tapping screws, nails or brackets. But greater reliability collected framework will possess if for fixing, use metal corners with holes for the self-tapping screw.

The method without a wrist often does not imply the use of the mare. In this case, the carcass departure provide the beams themselves. This option is easier than the previous one, since it does not require high accuracy. It is suitable for newbies. For dense adjacent to Mauerlat, in this case, stubborn bars or boards use. Rigid fixation, as in the previous case, is performed by metal corners on both sides.

Fastening rafted to the wall

The carcass made must be fixed to the building box - it will not give a strong gust of the wind to disrupt the roof. For this, the rule needs to take the use of a twist of two wires with a diameter of 4 mm. They are wrapped around their legs in the place of support on Maurylalat, and after the wire they are attached to the wall on the anchor or the ERS approximately 4-5 rows to the edge. The element must be in advance in the masonry.

Wimbing protection

For a wooden house, you can simplify the task. You can collect the frame using a bracket. This option will speed up the process. But it is important to remember that this method is suitable only if the manufacture of walls is made of wood.

Strengthening system

How to strengthen the frame with the spans more than 6 meters? It is necessary to reduce the free span of the rafter. To do this, use a pitch and racks. It is necessary to make strengthening, taking into account the planning, it is important that these elements do not interfere with the stay of people and harmoniously fit into the interior.

The pumps usually have an angle of 45 or 60 degrees to the horizontal plane. Racks can not be described on the span of overlaps. They are allowed to be installed on the underlying walls or beams and shprengels, percked between the walls.

The tighten is necessary to reduce the returnation. Because of it, rafters can simply disperse. This is especially true for systems with hanging beams. To assemble the frame, use two tightening, which are attached from two sides from the rafted. Fixation is carried out on a self-tapping screw, nails or studs.

At the top point, the rafter is based on the intermediate or skoth run. Depending on the selected system, the location and width of the span, it is made from a bar with a cross section from 50x100 to 100x200 mm. The mount is carried out on the connecting metal plates, bolts or nails.

Okeekhet

Before starting work at this stage, waterproofing material is required. Builders recommend using a parodiffusion mediocre-proof membrane. It costs more than polyethylene film, but guarantees more reliable protection. Your home is not a reason for saving.

The roof requires the fastening of the crate. The type depends on the selected roofing material. For metal, it is enough for a rarefied cladder from the boards with a thickness of 32-40 mm. Under the bituminous tile, we need a solid cutter from a 25-32 mm board or moisture-resistant plywood.

Ventilation of the undercase

Before proceeding with the stage of laying the roof, it is worth thinking of ventilation of the subcoase. This will allow to protect the designs from mold, fungus and destruction.

Proper ventilation arrangement under the roof will protect the design from the appearance of fungus

For ventilation, it is necessary to provide:

• air intake through the cornice (the binder of the cornice is made by a rarefied board or special perforated sofits);
• the movement of the air under the coating (between the insulation and the roof should be a gap of 2-3 cm);
• air outlet in the area of \u200b\u200bthe skate (for this, skidding and / or point aerator is installed on the roof).

Roofing

The type of roof is chosen from aesthetic and economic considerations. It is also worth exploring the offers of manufacturers and find out the allowable slope. For example, bitumen tile is not recommended to be installed with a slope of more than 45 °.

Folding roof - this is a light fireproof and durable coating

The wall material must provide reliable waterproofing. Its installation is carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. There are the five most common types of coating: roof insulation.

When building a house, it is important to create heat and comfort, in which the warm roof helps.

The creation of the heat-insulating layer is a very important stage, which, besides the main function, performs a sound insulation.

How to choose a heater

The technology itself, on which roofing will be insulated, depends on the various climatic factors of a particular region.

Thus, the thickness of the insulation material is calculated based on the lowest temperature indicators in this area. To get the maximum effect, during the roof insulation device with your own hands, it is recommended to combine materials.

By choosing those, it is necessary to take into account such nuances as:

• climate of the region;
• thickness of the walls of the structure;
• the level of strength of the roof, as well as its shape and angle of inclination.

For insulation of the attic roof, it is worth it to be made by good thermal insulation materials. But in order to create the thermal protection of the floor of the attic, you can already use cheaper bulk options in the form of sawdust or clay. It is important to remember, the correct thermal insulation of the roof will help longer maintain a reliable state of the construction of the entire building.

Features of roofing pie

The most popular version of the roof insulation and at the same time a "Canadian Sandwich" is considered very light for self-erection.

This technology implies the creation of a multilayer coating. The arrangement of such a roof does not require the involvement of specialists, the main thing to comply with the correct sequence of laying all the layers.

It is important to prevent moisture to the insulation. This requires to create conditions under which condensate will not appear. To implement it, it is precisely necessary for such elements like windband, vapor barrier, a hydrobarrier, as well as the creation of small gaps between these layers for conducting.

You also need to create air circulation in the gaps from below-up. Due to this, the entire generated moisture will not fall on the heat insulating layer, as it will evaporate and take off the ventilation in the gaps.

It is important to do, since mineral wool or any other similar insulation should always remain in a dry form in order not to lose their properties.

Preparation of the roof

First of all, it is necessary to make a clear plan of work, as well as choose the materials that will be used.

Any roof, regardless of its type, has several parts, external and internal. Thus, its outer part is directly roof, and the inner consists of plates of overlapping, as well as a frame of rafters.

In order for the roof here for a long time and provided high-quality insulation, it is necessary to pre-implement certain preparatory work.

First of all, you need to get rid of moisture, as well as any other negative elements on its designs, such as: rust, mold and even fungus. To do this, clean the surfaces with a metal brush, after which it needs to be coated with anti-corrosion.

Note: Those areas of the roofs and walls that were amazed by mold or fungus should be processed by antiseptics.

Heat Review

Regardless of which type of roof in the house, if it was not carried out, the house will lose an average of up to a quarter of the warmth. Therefore, you need to approach the selection of heat-insulating material.

To simplify the installation, it is better to choose the plates corresponding to the existing distance between the rafters. Otherwise, areas will be formed through which the cold will be held, which will significantly reduce the quality of insulation.

In the case of using rolled insulation, their width should also be chosen based on the distance between the rafters.

In total, the insulation can be chosen from a large number of options, each of which has its own positive and negative sides:

1. . This material is relatively cheap and very easy to install. It has excellent thermal insulation properties. However, glass wool should be used exclusively with some waterproofing, since in the case of moisture from entering it, it loses most of its insulation properties.
2. . It has virtually identical properties as glass gamble, but its service life is much more and is almost 50 years old.
3. . Such material has high fiery resistance. However, similarly with glass gamble loses its properties in the case of wetting.
4. . It is one of the most affordable insulation, but at the same time very effective. Released in the form of plates of different sizes, which makes it possible to apply it to arrange a practical type of any type of roof. The main disadvantages of this material are fragility, as well as the habitat of rodents.
5. . Its main advantages is environmental friendliness, as well as fire resistance. In addition, this material has resistance to various biological influences. However, its use is possible only on horizontal surfaces, due to its form. At the same time, the ceramzite has a greater weight than mineral wool.
6. Polyurethan. It is a liquid insulation that has a very low thermal conductivity. It is applied by spraying on pre-prepared waterproofing. Indispensable for rapid and lightweight heat insulation. (About the insulation of the roof of polyurethane foam read).

Operating procedure

The insulation technology according to the type of cake will be the same not dependence on the type of building. At the same time, all work must be made after the roof has been made and roofing materials are laid.

All work is carried out from the inside:

1. First, waterproofing is stacked in one layer. It must be fixed on the crate to the bars using for this bracket. The material may be slightly saved, but no more than 10 cm.
2. Next, the insulation is stacked. At the same time there should be no gaps between it and rafters.
3. If necessary (if the weather in the region is very severe), you can put another layer of insulation. At the same time, its seams should not be near the seams of the first.
4. Now the insulation must be closed with a vapor insulation film, for this it can be fixed to the crate using the stapler. At the same time, the sheets must be laid in the brass and are connected by construction scotch.
5. There should be a certain distance between each layer of such a cake so that moisture in the roof is delayed.
6. From the insient, such insulation needs to be closed by sheets of plywood, and in the case of using it, as a residential premises, you can climb decorative coating.

How to avoid mistakes

Any well insulated roof should also have the right appearance. To achieve this, you need to accurately measure all the indicators of the structure from the width and length to its height, as well as the diagonal.

Usually, in this case, unpleasant moments are detected, which prevent the creation of the right roof. This may be a big difference between the sides of the house or in the distance between the lags, due to which the building got an incorrect form.

Therefore, to ensure proper thermal insulation of the roof, you need to eliminate various structure defects in time. Installation of the rafter system is necessary only after the smoothness of the skate is achieved, as well as the roof skate.

If this is not done, then in the future in the "Roofing Pie" will arise, the so-called, the bridges of cold, through which heat will go from the house. They are areas where insulation integrity is broken.

It's important to know: When a lot of icicles begin to form in the roof in winter, it will mean that there are spaces in the insulation of the building, due to which the roof is heated with warm air and snow on it. To eliminate it, you need to additionally insulate the roof of felt.

Dry, and most importantly, the warm roof is a pledge of a comfortable and cozy situation in the house. At the same time, the insulation is not only preserves in winter heat in the house, but also in the heat allows you to keep cool inside it.

Watch a video in which a specialist explains the nuances of the roof insulation of the roof of the house:

Currently, a large number of Russians are charter to live in cities, build country houses and settle there. Many build these houses themselves, but not everyone knows what important in the house has a warm roofing device. It serves the main part of the thermal insulation at home and provides greater savings of energy resources.

Roofing cake with insulation

The presence of a warm roof for the house is important than the foundation. The house can stand on a bad and even a bulk foundation, and without the roof it is impossible to live in the house.

The roofs are subdivided into two types. Cold and warm roofs. If the house has no residential attic room, then it does not need to be insulated. If in the attic room you are going to live or equip some functional room, then the heat roof device does not be able to avail.

Waterproofing warm roof

Warm roof prolongs the time of operation of the house, minimizes emergencies, reduces the cost of home maintenance.

Roofing insulation

For the device warm roof, manufacturers produce various roofing insulation.

The most popular:

Roofing insulation

1. Foamed polynesol. Light material related to the class of foams. Many experts consider it more efficient than mineral wool. Operating time 50 years.
2. Polyopoleretan. It has a good indicator of thermal insulation and waterproofing, small vapor permeability. Lifetime for more than 50 years. It is used for the insulation of the roof and roof.
3. Stone wool. For the manufacture of plates use mineral wool. Apply for the device warm roof roofs. The main advantages are: does not burn, has a good level of thermal insulation, little exposed to rodents and microorganisms. Lifetime for more than 60 years.
4. Glasswater is one of the varieties of mineral wool. It serves as excellent material for thermal insulation and arrangement of roof insulation. Has a long service life.

Consider several options for a warm roof device:

• the insulation is located between the rafters;
• the insulation is located under the rafters;
• the insulation is located above the rafters;
• all these methods can be combined with each other.
• Among the combined options, the device with warm roof is popular as follows:
• the insulation is located above and between the rafters;
• the insulation is located under and between the rafters;
• the insulation is located above and between, under rafyles.

For a warm roofing device, we will need a different roofing and power tools:

1. Cutting tool - disk saw, electric jigneus, handbreaker, roofing scissors.
2. Drill.
3. Screwdriver.
4. Hammer, rubber Cyans.
5. Roulette.
6. Marker.
7. Sealant and mounting foam.
8. Stapler.
9. Cord.

Individual peculiarities of each option of roof insulation

The insulation is located between the rafters.

Roof insulation

The easiest and most popular variant of the warm roof is the arrangement of the insulation between the rafters. This method is used with full heat insulation of the rafter. From the beginning We produce waterproofing the roof by a subsectile film. It serves as protection against atmospheric moisture, for insulation and rafters. Her crepim with a stapler. Staples choose a length of 10 mm. Insulation mounted over the entire height of the rafted. When installing thermal insulation, make sure that the insulation fits tightly to the rafters. Cut the roof insulation plate at 15 mm larger than the distance between the rafters. The insulation plate has good elasticity and grows tightly between the rafters.

This is a warm roofing device attractive for its simplicity and a small cost. Work insulation works can be done in any weather after you mounted a guide film.

A significant disadvantage of this embodiment of the roof is the possibility of formation of cold bridges.

The insulation is placed on top of the rafter

When applying this roof insulation option is mounted internal finish. Parosolation is stacked on it, all her joints are sick. The insulation laid on top forms a thermal contour. Waterproofing film, high vapor permeability, is placed on top of thermal insulation.

Roofing with wipe

Such an option of the insulation of the roof reduces the formation of cold bridges to a minimum.

Disadvantage This embodiment of the roofing is the complexity of providing works with roofs of non-standard configuration.

The insulation is located under the rafyles. This warming option is almost not used in country construction.

Combined Wheel Insulation

The device of a warmed roof using a combined method, when the insulation is located under the rafters, is the most popular and often applied in practice. It looks like an option when the insulation is mounted between the rafter with their full insulation, with an additional inner layer of the insulation, which is mounted between the transverse bars. The rafters are completely overlapped. The transverse bar has dimensions equal to the dimensions of the insulation.

Between the layers of the insulation, placing the film of vaporizolation. Here, one nuance should be taken into account - the thermal imitation of the insulation of the roof from the inside should not exceed 20% of the thermal resistance of the insulation laid between the rafters. If this balance is broken, then condensate will be postponed on the vapor barrier film.

Alternatively, you can mount a steam barrier film from the inside of the roof, but then there is an option for its damage when performing other works.

Simple thermal insulation of flat roof

The heat roof device according to such a scheme is optimal if you do not have large financial capabilities. Such a warm roof device is characterized by the convenience and availability of installation and allows you to achieve efficient roof thermal insulation due to low-cost materials.

An optional installation of the insulation above and between the rafters is the most expensive and time consuming. It is possible that without helpers and professionals you will not be able to do. It is most often used in the construction of a new roof and replacing the old roofing coating.

According to experts, through the roof and the attic room of a residential building, about 15% of heat can leave even in the presence of basic isolation. If not to use insulation tools at all, then the remaining in winter levels the effect of the operation of heating systems. At the same time, modern rafting structures and roofing coatings provide extensive opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of the building. Properly arranged not only microclimatic comfort, but also will prolong the operational period of the attic materials.

Structural features of a warmed roof

In its pure form, the usual represents the carrier frame formed by beams, Mauerlat, support racks and crates to which the roof is stacked. The configuration of the rafter system may vary, but the most important thing is that even in the assembled and exploited form they can be inspired. The heat-insulated roof design is distinguished by the presence of several layers of insulation in transition. The lowest level is the overlap separating the attic from the dwelling. Next, it is directly insulation of the skates from the backs of the sides and in the layer between the crate and roofing flooring. In addition, a warm roof device provides for the presence of technological ventilation zones. They may have a different design execution, but the task of the vantzazors alone is to eliminate the condensate accumulation in the undercoil and attic space.

Selection of thermal insulation material

The scheme of placing the insulation largely determines the effectiveness of the thermal barrier, but if an inappropriate material was originally used, the highest-quality installation will not solve the problem of heat resistant. Roofers recommend paying attention to the following varieties of thermal insulators:

• Glasswater is a cheap and convenient material with acceptable insulation indicators. Its strong parties will be the complete exclusion of biological destruction processes, and weak - loss of insulating qualities after moistening.
• Basalt stove. The insulator is also sensitive to moisture, but it is distinguished by fire resistance, which is also important for the site under consideration.
• Mineral wool. A variety of structural versions and durability can be put in a number of the main advantages of this insulation. The warm roof with Minvata retains its characteristics for 50 years. But this material should be protected from any contact with moisture.
• Styrofoam. Another variant of the budget insulation, which has decent insulating properties, but the mass of structural flaws. Use the foam should only be used under the condition of good mechanical protection.
• Polyurethan. Foam insulation with low thermal conductivity. Without it, it is difficult to do with the point sealing of hard-to-reach gaps and gaps.

Installation of thermal insulator

In the design of the skates, the insulation is embedded on the inside. As a rule, the shape of the thermal insulator for the roof is a plate or thick rolled material of type mats. Laying is made on the prepared surface with profile boilers. In the beams of the rafter system, a doomlet of wooden bars is mounted, to which the heat insulator is further recorded. The mount can be made by mounting brackets, screws or adhesive method. It is not fundamentally important, since the plate or mats should be closed by a counterclaim, the slats of which are nourished to the rafters of a warm roof. Insulation is performed according to the method of solid trim with complete sealing. The gaps, technical gaps and joints are closed with or moisture-resistant sealants, or the aforementioned polyurethane foam. An outdoor crate for greater structural reliability is desirable to continue up to the Mauerlat beams, where the walls of the house begins.

Laying hydro and vaporizolation

The insulator review showed that without reliable moisture protection, the material simply splashes and stop performing its basic function. Therefore, the next step should take care of hydro and vaporizolation. For this, membrane film materials are used, for which the carrier design is not needed. In particular, the "Uniflex", Linocur and Technolast "waterproofers are recommended to arrange a warm roof. In some modifications, they also perform the functions of the Parobarmer. The laying is made on the surface with the fixed heat insulator by gluing. There are self-adhesive films, but universal building formulations can be used to fix insulators with water repellent effect. In obligatory, the film is closed outside with placams in 20-30 cm increments.

Creating a ventilated clearance

The conclusion of condensate from under roofing space is not only a measure of heat insulator protection. The wooden rafter system is also sensitive to dampness and if you do not consider air circulation channels, then in the first few months of operation you can find foci of the development of fungus and mold. How to make a warm roof with a ventilation gap? The optimal option is to apply the eaves on the atmosphere with perforation. These are special plastic boxes, which are installed along the edges of the skate, forming a buffer zone with air heat transfer. Thus, efficient ventilation of space from the bottom without risk of precipitation will be ensured.

Choosing a warm roof

Roof flooring can have different heating saving quality. The roof in this sense plays a decisive role, but not always in principle you can use tight cover with good sealing. For example, bituminous tile due to its gravity is contraindicated for installation on weak rafting systems of many private houses. The exit will become a multi-level warm roof - the roof, the upper level of which is formed by several technological formations. The first layer of skates can be postponed with a parobarrier, and then the wind and waterproofers will follow. The task of thermal insulation in this part is not the most important, since already mounted back covering will be responsible for the regulation of heat fluxes. In the roofing structure, it is important to ensure protection against physical influences, including wind, precipitation, snow, etc.

Warming overlap

The main barrier in front of the street cold from the top of the house is an inter-storey overlap separating the attic from the lower rooms. This zone provides much more opportunities for insulation. They should be used with maximum benefit. In the very niche of the overlapping of a warm roof, a layer of clay or sawdust can be floated. This bulk thermal insulators, whose advantages include environmental friendliness and affordable cost. However, the ceramzite gives a greater weight load, and sawdust relate to flammable materials and are prone to biological striking. Well, further on the surface of the overlap, a horizontal doom is mounted, in the cells of which the heat-insulating plates are also stacked. If the design allows height, then you can perform a double crate with the location of different insulation fibers crosswise.

Features of flat roof

In this case, accents are made to use bulk thermal insulators and liquid waterproofing. As for the first, it should not be applied by claymzit with sawdust, and special lightweight materials like crumbs of polystyrene foam, foamizol or foam glass. But the main feature is a structural solution - creating a special hatch under roofing over a niche thick 15-20 cm thick. This space is completely covered with an insulator. Outside, the plane design of the warm roof is covered with molten bitumen with the help of a gas burner. Fully hermetic roofing flooring is formed, which will provide hydro and vaporizolation.

Conclusion

In the choice of method of insulation of the roof, it is necessary to focus on a simple rule - a stable moisture removal with maximum heat retention. It is important to observe the balance between the ventilation channels of the warm roof and its sealing. And at each stage should be remembered for the supportive potential of the rafter system. Overloading with additional layers of heat and hydrobarries can shorten the service life of the roof wood design. Therefore, balance is observed in the technical and physical parameters of the selected materials with consumables.