Secrets of the right ventilation arrangement in a two-story private house: Masters Tips. Proper ventilation in a private house with your own hands: System, species, device and calculation System of ventilation in a 2-storey building

From the author: Hello, dear friends! It has long been known that the correctly equipped ventilation system is a pledge of a comfortable and healthy life. After all, the microclimate is of great importance. That is why today we will talk about how ventilation is equipped in a two-story private house.

Strictly speaking, the system diagram of the system is not too changing depending on the number of floors. The only difference is that when applying forced ventilation, it is necessary to use more powerful equipment for a two-storey cottage than for one-storey. This is due, first of all, with an air existing in the house.

In general, methods are not too different. And for sure for the home of any Floor, it is necessary to approach the question equally correctly. Oddly enough, among some owners of country houses there is an opinion that private structures do not need a specially organized air exchange system at all. Especially often, such doubts arise in the event that the house is built from the "breathable" materials - for example, from a tree.

But let's estimate the overall picture objectively. Think, because you are unlikely to leave the erected walls bare. They will certainly be placed the insulating layer, and then the finish finish, which gives the building a beautiful and aesthetic look. All these add-ons will definitely close access to fresh air, which otherwise could pass through the walls.

Even if you are collecting building a house from a tree that does not require the finish finish, keep in mind that a modern timber has completely different qualities than wood that was used in the good old days. Now the material is impregnated with various compositions designed to protect it from the harmful effects of the external environment. In addition, the bar is often glued. All these substances are tightly clogged, so that opportunities for the air exchange simply remains.

Also do not forget about the windows, universally installed on the windows. Previous wooden frames with glasses appeared in this capacity. They had wonderful gaps in their design, through which the fresh air was successfully circulated towards the house and back.

In general, there are a lot of arguments in favor of the improvement of the ventilation system. Let's finally proceed to consider what methods can be organized.

Type ventilation

First of all, it is worth dealing with two varieties of air exchange. It can be natural or forced. Each option is characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages, so let's consider them in more detail.

Natural air exchange

Naturally called ventilation, which does not require the installation of any equipment designed to stimulate air movement. Simply put, air masses behave quite independent life. For the output of the exhaust air, ventilation mines are provided - simply put, cutting into the ceiling and wall canals overlooking the roof.

The air, which visited the house, becomes warm. As you know, all of the school lessons of physics, in this case it begins to rise up. This is calculated, the entrance to which is placed in the upper part of the room. Air masses reach them naturally, and then follow the mine up, leaving the tube to the street.

With this everything is clear. But as you know, the number of air from the house should somehow be ashamed. And here she lies the problem. Above it was already described in detail that modern walls and double-glazed windows make a dwelling of a real fortress in which the enemy may be penetrated, but the fresh air is not exactly.

The problem can be solved in two ways:

carrying. As it is done, everything seemed to know - if the house has become stuffy, you need to open the window. In fact, when the stool comes, your brain has already started to get tired and test oxygen fasting. It should not be allowed, since often repeating such situations can seriously harm health. For example, it is fraught with migraines - quite unpleasant conditions, from which it is difficult to get rid of. So, in order not to bring yourself to oxygen starvation, you need to do the ventilation not on the fact of the onset of stuff, but with a certain periodicity - every three hours. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The problem is that far from every family there is a person who agrees to sit at home all day to periodically open the window. As a rule, most people work, so in the evenings they have to return to the dwelling with stagnant air;
using the supply valve. This simplest equipment is an excellent alternative to ventilating. The trim valve is installed either in the window or in the wall. It consists in essence, from the duct, according to which the air masses are circulated. The equipment is made in such a way that its installation does not affect the occurrence of drafts or a change in the temperature in the dwelling. Thus, it disappears the need to constantly open the window - through the trim valve freshness and oxygen come continuously.

But even the use of the supply valve is not able to solve the main problem of natural ventilation. We are talking about low air exchange intensity. The fact is that it, regardless of the method of receipt of fresh air, depends on some external factors. First of all, on the air temperature outside and indoors.

To ensure, at least relatively normal speed, the air exchange is needed that it is cold outside, and in the house is hot. The smaller the temperature difference, the slower the air exchange occurs. And what then happens in the summer when the street and indoors are equally hot? Never mind. The air exchange is simply not, or it is, but at such a level, which is no sense.

In principle, for small houses, natural ventilation can more or less approach - there is a small air volume, the change of which takes not so much time. But since today we are talking about two-storey facilities, this option will be noted immediately according to the reasons described above.

Forced air - exchange

But this method is the one that is suitable for consideration as an application in a private house of any floor. In this case, the use of special equipment affects the circulation of air, which is installed either in the mine or on the roof, or in one of non-residential premises - for example, on the attic floor. There are also separate devices that will be described slightly below.

Options for forced ventilation

The arrangement of the forced system of the air exchange is a fairly wide topic, so it is necessary to consider it as much as possible. It should be started with the fact that this method is divided into three varieties: supply, exhaust and supply and exhaust ventilation.

Supply equipment

The supply ventilation equipment is responsible for injection fresh air to the house. At the same time, spent comes out naturally through all the same exhaust mines. This principle is based on the difference in the density of cold and warm air.

The first, getting into the room, has a denser structure due to its temperature, it is harder and is located first in the floor area. At the expense of these properties, he pushes already heated spent air masses. Those rise up and out out on the ventilation channels.

Next, the process is repeated. Cold air comes, old comes out. In general, natural ventilation works on the same principle. But forced distinguished by a high discharge rate, so that the intensity of the air exchange increases sharply.

For such a system, there are two most popular types of devices:

supply valves. Yes, they have already been told in a conversation about the natural air exchange. But in this case, these devices also have a fan as part of their design, which is responsible for injection of air into the room. Despite this, the device still remains pretty simple. Inside the wall, the air duct is laid in which the fan is installed. From the side of the room, the design is closed with a lid, and outside the building - a protective grille, the purpose of which is to create a barrier on the path of precipitation, garbage, small rodents and various living things, which is absolutely nothing to do in a decent house. Installation of the supply valve is carried out very simply: it is enough to drill the wall with a perforator, then clean the hole, place the air duct and collect the entire design in it;
brizer. In fact, it is the same trimming valve, but with extended functionality. There is also an air duct, fan and protective grilles. But some "chips" are also included in them, which are responsible for the comfort of people living in the house. For example, there are temperature sensors and humidity sensors, with which the equipment can automatically be started if necessary. In addition, many bizers are built in a small convector, which heats the air entering the house in the current mode. Thus, the temperature level in the room does not change in any way - this is comfortable, and saves on the heating resources.

Exhaust equipment

Another embodiment of the forced ventilation system is to use exhaust equipment. It is established, as a rule, in places with an increased need of air removal. This is, of course, a sanitary node and a kitchen room.

In the first case, the need is mainly due to high levels of humidity. If it does not fight with him, then over time, this will lead to a damage of finishing materials, as well as to the formation of mold, which carries a direct harm to health.

The kitchen also needs air removal by completely understandable reasons: it is fat, and high humidity, and not always pleasant smells. And sometimes it happens that food has burned, and it is necessary to get rid of these flavors with the highest possible speed.

For such cases, the kitchen hood is installed - the equipment that is located above the stove is connected to the ventilation shaft. Inside the device there is a fan that is responsible for retracting and further withdrawal of air masses along with odors and humidity.

In the bathroom and toilet, the exhaust equipment is also performed by a fan that is installed at the entrance to the ventilation channel and is closed with a protective grid. It helps to quickly normalize the level of humidity in the room.

The disadvantage of the exhaust forced ventilation system is the same modest amount of fresh air. This was not already mentioned today, so we will not repeat. But the problem is not going anywhere. This is especially true of two-storey houses, in which the air volume is quite large. He just will not have time to mind. Therefore, for this case, it is worth considering the third method of arranging the ventilation system.

Supply Equipment

It is clear from the name that the device installed in such a system is responsible both for the inflow and for the removal of air. Most often it is achieved by combining various devices. For example, you can install brizers as possible, and in the kitchen and in the bathroom to place exhaust devices.

Such an approach decides at once two problems. First, the necessary intensity of the air exchange is achieved. Secondly, you can fully control the volume of both the incoming and flowing air masses.

In addition, there are also special double-acting devices - subtle-exhaust. As a rule, they are equipped with recuperators. This element is designed to hold thermal energy from recycled air and give it fresh in the course of arrival of the latter.

Agree that such savings on heating in a large house quite by the way. You will kill two birds with one shot: and healthy microclimate will find, and do not break the temperature regime in the room.

Of course, the supply and exhaust ventilation costs an order of magnitude more expensive than other systems. First, the equipment itself is a lot. Secondly, all devices are connected to the power grid and in the process of operation consume some amount of electricity.

The last factor, by the way, is the main disadvantage of forced ventilation, regardless of which one type is used. Dependence on electricity leads to the fact that if it is turned off, all the equipment will simply rise.

So it is recommended in advance to praise the acquisition and installation of a backup generator. It will be useful to you to maintain the performance not only the ventilation, but also the heating system in the case of force majeure.

As for the installation of equipment for forced ventilation, it is not so complicated. You can read how to make the installation properly with your own hands, in articles on our website dedicated to this topic. After receiving the necessary information, you will fine. Successes!

02.02.2012, 08:32

The methods of heating the second floor with the furnace abundantly. But I want to discuss one more.
On the Internet, full of reviews, where they say that they do not make any additional devices for heating the second floor. Warm air itself comes upstairs through the staircase. Even the messages occur that heat to the second floor goes too active, which leads to uneven heating: upstairs too hot, and at the bottom too cold.

The idea is that, without making any special devices for heating the second floor, achieve optimal temperatures there simply tuning the ventilation.

While the design seems to be such. A pair of air ducts should go to each room: one from the ceiling of the first floor to the second ceiling, and the second floor from the floor of the second floor to the floor is first closer to the furnace firebox. The adjusting stream of the grille can be put on any of the pipes - the effect must be the same.

The mechanism is next. Fresh dry street air is suused through the underground and slots between the furnace and the floor, the wall surface heats this dry air, it rises to the ceiling of the first floor and partially falls to the ceiling of the second floor. There, he pushes a wet, upgrown, cooled air down and through the second air duct directs it to the furnace firebox, from where it is displayed on the street.

For me, it is still unclear about the necessary and sufficient size of air ducts.

02.02.2012, 08:54

By the way, electronics lovers can put automation on control grilles, which will monitor the temperature equalization on the first floor and in different rooms of the second. And in case of non-use of the second floor, simply block it, or work in defrost mode.

Grandfather Jedi.

02.02.2012, 14:46

zTTT, let's draw?

02.02.2012, 15:06

02.02.2012, 15:25

it will not be hot?
on the 2nd floor is hot on 1 cold

02.02.2012, 17:19

i'm notpriced as the air from the floor of the 2nd floor will fall in confused the oven so that it does not interfere with the air of the first floor.

Andrei Dacnik

02.02.2012, 17:59

Cold air is heavier and it will descend, hubs warm.

02.02.2012, 18:16

Good question. I even had a little better to represent the whole process while I thought about him.
Pressure in each of the pipes is proportional to the difference in densities. Drencil differences are the function of temperature and humidity. If you neglect moisture, the pipes begin to work when the temperature difference occurs between the ceilings and / or floors. Those. Such a system should level the temperature in both rooms. If the oven works and hot air accumulates under the ceiling, then it begins to rise up, and the air from the floor begins to pushed down. If the furnace does not work, but the air from the floor of the second floor cooled more than that of the floor of the first floor, then the exchange and temperature begins to align.
If we take into account humidity, the picture will be somewhat more complicated. Definitely on the second floor there will be somewhat higher humidity. Perhaps this can compete with the adjustment of the height of the pipes, but it should be thought about it.

02.02.2012, 18:32

But this is still pure theoretical reasoning.

02.02.2012, 18:48

By the way, in such a scheme, even the damper can not be set: the temperature itself should be aligned. Only it will be necessary to ensure the tightness of the rooms of the upper floor. Otherwise, the whole warm air will go there, and at the bottom it will be cold.
exactly!
Tightness!
Without it, it is complicated ... Custa There is still an ambush - warm air under the ceiling on the first floor heats the floor of the second floor ... or and then insulate?
Although if you put fans into the air ducts - all problems are solved. But as I understood the electrically dependent concept here.

02.02.2012, 20:17

In the floor, Nehai go warm. Everything is settled. It would be possible to avoid electricity.

03.02.2012, 11:59

Still frightened, the spell was, that's what it turns out.
From humidity dependent streams are very weak. Within a pair of degrees with a difference in humidity from 0 to 100%.
The air velocity in the pipes is quite stable and in most cases is in the limit of 1 to 3 meters per second. On the bottom of no more than 5 m / s. Too thick pipes do not need to be put. I have a bedroom for 25 cubes approximately. The pipe 150 must fully exchange air somewhere in half an hour.
Both pipes together work only with a fully closed room. In this case, the flow will be, if at least for one pipe temperature at the bottom above the temperature at the top.
If the door opened, the planned process is interrupted and the heat starts just go up. If at the top warmer than below, the ventilation stops. That is why it is not worth making very thick air ducts. So with the air open door, the air was slower.

In practice, the problem of heat movement up exists with an absolutely any type of heating. In this system, it is good that heat exchange stops after closing the door. After that, the furnace, which should be very powerful and the heatmate once the two floors, starts to warm only the lower floor. The top floor gradually cools himself, because there are no sources of heat. Thus, gradually everything comes to normal and temperatures are aligned.

In general, the system really liked the system. If no one will find obvious flats before the summer, then I will do it exactly. Only you need to invent how to isolate two floors. The door on the stairs was not provided.

Finally, the picture of the calculated air velocities in the vertical tube at different temperatures at the top and bottom. Diameter depends on a little, in this case it is 150 mm.
401

03.02.2012, 12:09

Well, it will not solve this way. In fact, through an uncomfortable place to solve the problem of air recovery.
Put the fan into one pipe, the second is not necessary at all, the air and so on the second floor will rise. The outlet of the pipe to the furnace and forward. Include synchronously with the ignition of the furnace. Electricity consumption is minimal, probably ten years old will exceed the cost of laying the second pipe.

03.02.2012, 12:39

1. If the doors and windows are closed, then on one pipe, at least with a fan, even without a fan, the air will not go. Do not believe? Try to drive the air into the bottle. You can blow as much as you like, but rather the burst yourself than inflated Tuchud warm.

2. What are you going to do when the electricity turns off? Or are you going to burn uninterrupted power supply? Well, you see what unexpected costs arose.

3. Heat itself without any fans goes upstairs. I say to you: without fans the flow rate of 1-3 meters per second. More is already simply impossible. And in general, the people are complaining that they have without any batteries and fans at the top of the fry, and the cold dog is at the bottom. The task is not easy to drop the second floor, but also to heat up so that it was comfortable, i.e. The temperature below and at the top did not differ much.

4. In addition to heating, there is a ventilation problem. In general, I do not understand how you will solve it with fans. Just fans stirred good and bad air and it will be thrown into the pipe without disaster. Total, it will turn out that you will have a disgusting climate in the room with a fan, and the cost of ventilation (heating of the emissions of the air) will be quite considerable.

Grandfather Jedi.

03.02.2012, 12:46

Electricity consumption is minimal, probably ten years old will exceed the cost of laying the second pipe.
TB 10 (80 m3 / h) - 20 W. So consider.
True, he has no pressure in the air duct ...
402

03.02.2012, 16:52

once again - in the Grematical rooms (or all 2nd floor) will work the system. With utmost - on the second floor it is hot, in the first cold.
The cold on the first one can overcome the "radiation heating" from the furnace. But the heat on the second is in any way.

Grandfather Jedi.

03.02.2012, 17:00

I am glad that they reached this point earlier than anybody put the soul and money.

03.02.2012, 18:51

I understand it - in the stove it is necessary to serve the air, which is already a snowy, spoiled, and the fresh from where it takes, was not discussed at all. The furnace is de facto, burns and without air pumping.
The version of spontaneous interchangeal air between the floors is unrealistic, for there is always a path for warm air by passing the pipe. Sealing floors from the category of fiction and nonsense. Also running from the floor to the floor for children to ban, for Nefig ...
Suppose the pump, 80 cubes per hour, it, of course, can not pump through the pipe, but so much stove is not necessary, because it is not a turbocharged, but the usual one.

The outlet of the electricity during the furnace is not critical during the furnace, it will be treated so :). Most likely not to turn off the electricity, but the absence of firewood seems to.

03.02.2012, 19:03

the cold on the first one can overcome the "radiation heating" from the furnace. But the heat on the second is in any way.
I just reasoned about this in my answer above. Re-read once again carefully.
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Add only ...
1. Tightness is the concept of relative. It is enough to keep the doors closed.
2. The system itself comes to balance after closing the doors, even if it is hot and it has become hot due to the forgetfulness of households.
3. In radiator heating, the problem of the hot second floor is not going anywhere. This is the nature of warm air rise up. So isolate the second floor from the first one is still needed with any heating system.

I actually found a catch, but it does not apply to this system. I just recalculated again to the heat loss and it turns out that at -15 (the driving temperature) I will have somewhere 4.5 kW, and at -35 (sometimes it happens) somewhere 7.5-8 kW. For the provided place (1.5x1.5m), the furnace with such parameters does not fit.
I look while towards KIKSP 16kW. But do not like the fact that the heat accumulating properties of it will be slightly worse due to lower temperatures in the register area.

03.02.2012, 19:09

In general, some kind of salad, well, at least read about what we are talking from Topicaster.
This is the first of all. Namely:

And the fresh from where it takes, was not discussed at all
The first post in the subject:

The mechanism is next. Fresh dry street air sunsited through the underground and slots between the oven and floor, the wall surface heats up this dry air ...

The pump is needed only when the furnace is token, during the rest of the time it will not really give anything, unless the mixing of the air.
Option of turning off the electricity during the furnace furnace is not critical, it will come to the

03.02.2012, 23:33

This is the first of all. Namely:

The first post in the subject:

In general, criticized learned, it's time to learn to understand what criticize.

It will be treated. Only without electricity, you have on the first floor. The temperature will rise degrees to 60 and all tenants will receive a heat blow if it is not retisted on time.
Well, okay, missed that from the air, although this option looks gloomily.
But about 60 degrees, rare nonsense. Well, no electricity, open the doors (or are they electrical?) And warm will go upstairs.
In general, okay, the topic is contrived, uninteresting.

Grandfather Jedi.

04.02.2012, 03:51

Air from the sample in the furnace is a successful and very common option. We need only Schieber

04.02.2012, 14:24

Good day!
Immediately make a reservation, which is not particularly strong in all sorts of formulas (heat of sem, heat conductivity, etc.). That's what I was all !!! Interested! When furnace (combustion), oxygen is needed (oxygen) air, which is taken from the room in which the stove is located (boiler), and in this room it falls (by sucking) from the street! That is, passing all the density (doors, windows) is heated with indoor air (thereby cooling it !!!). The furnace fence is absorbed in the air and flies into the pipe !!!
The question is as follows: if you make a two streaming system of supplying air boiler ??? Thus, they will achieve, closed, air inflow system (Street -Kotel -ulitz) and not (Street-Avastra -Kotel -Ulitsa) !!! We get that the apartment will become like a thermos to keep warm air and not filter it through yourself!
Is such a system incarnation? Her pros and cons ???
For greater clarity, I drew a small layout of the principle of operation of the system.
Please write who he thinks about it! Thanks in advance !!! 416

04.02.2012, 20:11

This is an eternal engine. In the sense of energy, you will not save on it.
The temperature of the outgoing gases should be about 120 degrees, otherwise condensate will fall out in the pipes. All modern furnaces and boilers are fully capable of providing precisely such a temperature without any perversions with countercurrents.

Now about two-circuit. To work the furnace in any case, air is required. It is heated in the furnace, and energy is spent on it, burned and thrown into the street.
Now you are insulating the streams to the furnace and inside the house. Inside the house you need to also change the air, because the tenants are saturated with carbon dioxide and water vapor. Those. You need to suck the air from the street again, he again heat him and throw it out again into the street. As you can see in such a scheme, the air heats up twice, whereas in the case of the furnace only once.
In fact, the dual-kinnost (without counterparts) is used almost always when the boiler stands outside the heated room. In the heat centers, it is also burned fuel and air, the heating of which is spent energy. And in any room that heating the heat center is valid, which again heats the air and again throws it into the street.

Ventilation system do in the same way! In two streams! So as far as I know do in new energy saving houses
This is called recovery. In the furnace heating there is no point in it, because the air is not thrown into the street, but only smoke is ejected.

Now a lot of people against air from under the underground - the type of radon there is to the fig and therefore it is better to isolate the house with a home opportunity.
Actually, the underground is accepted to ventilate. And if you are afraid of Radon, then underground you need to do not excavation, but at least to conclude the floor. In any case, Radon is much less evil than a fan bursting in the room :)

Established attic room - attic received its spread relatively recently. A few decades ago, the owners of private houses did not think about the functionality of this special place. Now everything is different - useful inhabited area does not hurt anyone. The main thing is to create the right air exchange. The attitudes of the attic allows not only to reduce energy flow, but also to extend the service life of the roof.

Dersighted Room Ventilation Functions

The ventilation system in a particularly hot period it allows you to eliminate the lumber, but in the winter it effectively counteracts the indoor of the cold and moisture. That is why an important point is the correct installation of the ventilation system with your own hands, because:

the system eliminates moisture and does not allow the formation of dampness in insulating material - it is due to the ventilation, the heat insulator retains its functionality over the years, preventing the penetration of heat and cold;
with proper ventilation, the formation of fungus and mold is reduced to a minimum, thereby eliminating the possibility of premature destruction of wooden elements of the roof;
in severe heat, it prevents the penetration of hot air into the house;
prevents the accumulation of humidity, thereby preventing corrosive manifestations negatively affecting metal tile;
eliminates the formation of icicles under the cornese into severe frosts;
saves energy resources, thereby reducing the costs necessary for heating residential attic during the winter period.

Natural ventilation in the attic

The natural ventilation system directly depends on the correctness of laying insulating materials. Mandatory conditions for laying insulation is the presence of ventilation spaces between the layers of the material used and below the surface of the roof. Natural ventilation is based on the creation of natural traction, due to which there is a constant flow of air masses. The total area of \u200b\u200bventilation channels should be 0.2% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. The simplest installation option is the output of the channels through the frontones. This technology can be applied to a noncalament element of the roof.

The size of the clearance for the free air exchange depends on the roofing material, which is used for the roof:

when using metal tiles, tiles, metal-turn clearance should be more than 25 mm;
when using soft materials and flat products, the space for air flow should be more than 50 mm;
when installing waterproofing and insulation, the space between them should be from 20 to 30 mm.

Important! To create high-quality natural ventilation over the attic room, the creation of a hermetic separation of ventilation cavities is required, due to which the natural ventilation of the attic floor will be uniformly, without the formation of the "dead" zones.

Installation of natural ventilation

A system of natural ventilation is created during the installation of the roof. To implement the air, it will takes the installation of special elements responsible for the air exchange under the roof. For air intake, sofa are used, which are installed around the perimeter of the building. Thanks to the perforated surface, the air enters the attic. For output of exhaust air, point or continuous aerators are used, which are installed on the roof slope.

Special aerators are mounted on the skate. It is thanks to the skate aerators that increase the efficiency of all natural ventilation, because the area of \u200b\u200bthe outlines of the elements is much more than the usual. The number of aerators is calculated individually and depends on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof. At 100 m2 of the area, which is subject to ventilation, 2 aerators are installed.

Important! Natural ventilation immaculately functions only during the cold season, as the air exchange is needed in temperature indicators on the street and indoors. That is why ventilation of the attic roof requires the installation of a forced system for air exchange.

Ventilation of residential attic using auditory windows

The installation of the auditory window is performed in accordance with SNiP II-26, SNiP 21-01:

installation of auditory windows is possible when the roof scap is more than 35 degrees;
the minimum size of the sash is 0.6x0.8 m;
the permissible size of the auditory windows is 1.2x0.8 m.

The forms of auditory windows in a private house can be different and depend on the style of the building. Hearing windows are mounted using frames in the construction of the roof, constituting a holistic design. Ventilation using auditory windows improves roof aesthetics, its functionality.

For a single roof, the ideal option is the windows with one inclined plane. Installation scheme: 2 bars are located on the required slope of the distance and fixed using vertical racks connected at the top of the jumper. External side sides are trimmed with facing material, a decorative lattice is installed on the side of the facade.

System with one ventilated gap

When arranging a single-table ventilation system, it is worth considering that the size of the ventilation channel directly depends on the length of the rods and the corner of the roof.

According to SNiP II-26-76:

the height of the clearance is no more than 5 cm, the increase in the indicators of which can lead to the formation of turbulence, which will significantly reduce the air exchange;
with a coating length, more than 10 m requires forced ventilation;
the openings of the ventilation system should be securely protected from garbage.

Forced valve of mansardes

When installing the forced air exchange, a fan is installed in the ventilation channel. The installation of the device is especially necessary if there are short ventilation channels that are not capable of providing high-quality cravings. When installing the fan in the country house, the air flow is mounted in the same way as with a natural system. A roof fan is installed from the outside at a distance of more than 8 m from the supply holes. It is also very important that the installation of the fan is not close to the windows, as the spent air can be suused.

The performance installed on the roof of the fan depends on:

implementation dimensions: diameter more - higher performance;
the angle of bending the blades: the greater the longer the amount of air will be recycled;
electric motor power.

Increase performance performance best method for installing multiple fans. The use of a powerful cooler for it is impractical.

Important! To prevent condensate formation, the fan is required to be inspired using special materials, for example, applying mineral wool.

The attic system of the attic is a very important element of creating comfortable conditions in the house. It is necessary to assemble it in accordance with the regulatory requirements of the construction industry. As a rule, the ventilation system is developed at the design stage of the building itself and is installed at the time of the roof.

A large country house is a dream of many families. But that the construction was comfortable for living, it is necessary to provide all necessary communications in it at the design stage. One of them is ventilation.

The adjacent air exchange system in the house will provide:

admission of oxygen in the room;
protection of rooms from dampness, appearance of mold, fungus;
comfortable household and optimal sanitary conditions for human vital activity.

What premises need ventilation

For normal vital activity, a clean oxygen is needed. Therefore, his inflow should be provided in residential rooms, such as bedroom, living room, children's. In constant circulation, service premises in the house (bathroom,) needed. There is often increased humidity, the accumulation of smells that need to withdraw out. The airing of these premises will reduce the formation of dust, dirt, the formation of excessive stuffiness, condensate, the spread of harmful microorganisms, mold.

Ventilation system, methods of organization

There are two main types of air exchange in residential facilities:

natural (natural);
mechanical (forced).

Feature of the arrangement and principle of work of natural ventilation of the private house

Natural air exchange in residential buildings is carried out on the basis of the pressure difference inside and outside the house, as well as the impact of wind on the building. How it works?

The temperature in the premises of the house is higher than outside, so oxygen there has a lighter structure. Thanks to this, he rises in the mines and goes to the street. In the room there is a vacuum that contributes to the tightening of fresh flow from the street through the holes in the enclosing structures of the house. The received masses have a heavy structure, therefore are at the bottom of the premises. Under their influence, light warm air is supplanted from the rooms.

The wind accelerates the circulation of air masses. With an increase in the difference in temperature inside and outside the cottage, wind speed, the feed of freshness in the house increases. Previously, its receipts served looting windows, doors, porous walls. But modern insulation systems, as well as plastic windows are designed, so there are no cracks for air supply. In this case, the inflow is carried out through special valves, mounted in the windows, or walls of the building.

The spent oxygen falls into the holes of the vertical ventilation channels of the house located in the kitchen, bathroom, and are output from them. Replenishment fresh occurs due to ventilation (opening of the vents, doors, fraamug).

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Natural air exchange in the house has the following advantages:

efficiency. Moving airflows is carried out without the use of additional equipment;
lack of accidents. The ventilation design is extremely simple, independent of electricity supply, does not require regular maintenance;
silent work;
ability to combine with filtering and air conditioning systems.

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation is a weak exchange of air, which leads to the formation of condensate, the accumulation of unpleasant odors, the occurrence of mold, fungus. It threatens not only the gradual destruction of the house, but also the health of people living in it.

The natural ventsy system does not allow to adjust the volume of the removed and supplied to the air room. The recycled flow either does not have time to outdo it, or removed too quickly, providing heat loss in the house. In the summer, when the temperature inside and outside the house is almost the same, the thrust disappears, and the air movement in the system stops. Therefore, natural circulation in the modern construction of houses is practically no applied. It is used in conjunction with the mechanical system.

Forced ventilation - features, varieties

This is an artificially organized system, the movement of oxygen in which is carried out by attracting injection devices (fans, pumps, compressors). It is operated in private, where natural ventilation is not provided or does not work. Advantages of a mechanical organization:

it works autonomously, regardless of weather conditions (pressure, temperature, wind);
allows you to prepare the air supplied to a comfortable state (to warm / cool, moisturize / dry, clean).

Disadvantages of forced schemes for mansions:

considerable costs of the system, the purchase of equipment, payment of electricity;
the need for regular operational services.

Mechanical air exchange in a private house can be equipped with several ways. Distinguish ventilation:

supply - provides forced feeding from the outside;
exhaust - removes the recycled flow from the room by mechanical manner;
supply-exhaust - influx and feeding in the house are organized artificially.

Supply ventilation in a private house

This system is designed to replace the exhaust air in the house fresh. It consists of:

air actors;
heating and cooling devices;
cleansing filters;
air supply devices in the room;
noise absorbing devices.

Through the air valve, clean air falls into the system, it is a certain processing, filtered, and with the help of the fan it is distributed from the room in the house. Finding into rooms, he displaces the spent stream. The served air can additionally be cooled, or heated.

The supply ventilation systems are:

channel - air circulation is carried out by pipes;
babeless - the stream is fed to the room through the holes in the walls, windows.

By the method of the device distinguish:

set ventilation systems consisting of separate units connected by one air duct;
monoblock - all devices are collected in one compact case.

Introduction installation schemes have such advantages:

the ability to regulate the temperature and volume of the oxygen supply;
compact dimensions;
functionality (there are additional devices for cleaning, heating, cooling the supplied air);
simplicity of installation, maintenance.

The disadvantages of this type of ventilation can be allocated:

noise. When working, the system aggregates publish sounds, so it is necessary to provide a silencer, install the equipment away from residential rooms in the house;
the need for place to install all its elements (when the device type set will be required);
requirement for regular service.

Exhaust ventilation in a private house

With the arrangement of this system, clean air enters the rooms through windows, doors, special valves, and the spent is displayed using exhaust fans. These instruments are installed in the most problematic sites of the house (in the kitchen, bathroom), they are wall and channel type.

Pros of this installation:

control of the volume of outlooked air;
independence on the conditions of the external environment;
easy installation.

Among the shortcomings of the system:

no ability to control the amount of air supplied to the house;
costs for buying equipment, electricity;
the need for regular service.

Venting with the help of supply-exhaust installations

How to make ventilation in a private house With metal-plastic windows, decorated with modern thermal insulation materials? This requires a high-quality system that allows you to apply fresh and remove the spent air in automatic mode. This problem will solve the supply and exhaust installations.

They provide for the organization of two parallel streams:

for the output of exhaust air;
to feed fresh.

These settings allow you to adjust the volume of the output and supplied flows, allowing you to hold the optimal level of humidity in the rooms at home. The main elements of the sub-exhaust system:

air ducts are intended to supply and output air masses. They form two parallel highways consisting of pipes and shaped products (tees, rotary elements). The air ducts differ in the form (round, rectangular), cross-section area, rigidity (made of aluminum foil, galvanized tin, plastic);
fan - Provides pressure in the ventilation system required for feeding, air output. It can be installed on the roof of the building, directly in the air duct, or on a special support;
the air intake lattice - through them the air from the street enters the trimming channel. Also these elements protect the system from foreign objects, rodents, birds, precipitation;
the air valve - prevents access to the air when it is in the off state. It can work on the electric drive, in automatic mode, as well as to be equipped with an electro-heating, protecting the freezing of sash;
filters - protect the ventilated premises and the system itself from insects, dust, other small particles. They require regular cleaners (recommended 1 time / month);
calorifer - heats the air supplied in the cold season. This device is water (suitable for large cottages) and electric (used in small houses);
noise silencers - prevent the sounds of the sounds from the operating instruments. They are tubular, lamellar, chamber, cellular. Finding into them, the air passes through special obstacles (perforated channels, tubes or plates), as a result of which its intensity is reduced. Installing the noisemaker is not always required. Sometimes to reduce the intensity of sounds in the system, it suffices to reduce the speed of installation, ensure sound insulation of the fans;
fences and air distributors. The first serve to flow into the system, the second - for its uniform dispersion on the room. These elements are represented in the form of lattices and diffusers round, rectangular shape. They are mounted on the walls, or the ceiling of the room;
control system. It can be mechanical (represented by the switch), or automatic (the work is regulated by the remote control). Its main elements - thermal and hydrostates, pressure gauges;
the security system is represented by a set of additional devices that protect ventilation elements from overheating, voltage jumps.

The advanced model of the supply and exhaust ventilation is a recovery type system. It provides efficient circulation in the house without heat loss. This fifty is equipped with a recuperator, which allows to reduce the cost of heating air coming from the street. The supply masses are heated due to heat of recycled flows, discharged from the house. This is the most efficient and energy-efficient way to organize an air exchange in residential buildings, although the most cost.

Gas ventilation in a private house

The presence in the house of gas devices places increased requirements for the arrangement of circulation in the premises. Violation of thrust can cause poisoning combustion products.

For normal operation of gas installations requires oxygen. If it is missing, the air indoors is discharged. As a result, the inverse thrust arises, and instead of chimney, combustion products fall into the surrounding space. They can cause malaise, strong headaches, loss of consciousness by man and even a complete stop of breathing.

Requirements for ventinging gas boiler

Air exchange indoor with a natural gas heating device must be organized according to the following technical requirements:

one chimney accounts for no more than two gas units;
the combustion products should flow into the chimney from different levels (from a distance of over 50 cm). With a single-level feed in the channel, the dissection of a similar height is mounted;
in order to prevent the leakage of soot and carbon monoxide into the premises of the house, the ventilation system of the boiler should be sealed. The processing of joints and seams is carried out by material resistant to high temperatures;
all elements of the exchange system must have thermal insulation to prevent fire.

The ventilation of the boiler is constructed at the rate: air outflow \u003d air exchange x 3.

Air supply \u003d outflow + oxygen volume necessary for burning process.

Methods of venting gas boiler

Air exchange indoors where gas equipment is placed, can be organized with:

natural and mechanical ventilation based on traction. Natural circulation - the result of the pressure drop inside the house and on the street. With mechanical ventilation, the thrust forms a fan;
supply, exhaust, or combined ventilation system, organized by intended purpose. The air filed to the room is forcibly pressed on the spent stream, pushing it out. Also, oxygen can be supplied to the boiler room naturally, and is displayed mechanical. Organize the air ventilation in automatic mode will allow a combined (supply-exhaust system) that effectively working with any weather, since the feed and removal in it is mechanically carried out;
babeless, or channel (depending on the constructive solution of the cottage). In the first case, the boiler room connects with the help of holes with another room, from where the spent stream is output to the air duct. In the second case, a complex pipe system is laid, providing exchange in all rooms at home.

Tip: To improve the natural ventilation of the gas boiler room, it is better to additionally install an exhaust fan that will ensure the movement of the air masses in the absence of traction.

The heating devices of the closed type, working on natural gas, are equipped with a cox (double) ventkala. According to its inner tube, the combustion products are derived, and the external - fresh air is supplied to the burner.

If the house has a gas boiler with an open-type combustion chamber, follows:

install the pipe for the output of carbon monoxide into the street;
equip the overall air exchange system indoors;
adjust the supply of oxygen to the boiler.

Note: Oxygen can enter the room from the street through the gaps and gaps in the windows and doors. If the room closes hermetically, it will take to organize the supply of fresh air with a compulsory way.

Proper ventilation in a private house

Organization of oxygen exchange will provide a favorable microclimate in the house, the health of its inhabitants and the preservation of the design itself. How to equip it right?

Norms and rules for venting at home

To create optimal conditions for human life in residential and service premises, it is necessary that 60 m 3 oxygen (at least 20 m 3) have been received in each of them (minimum 20 m 3). Comfortable air humidity is 50%, and the rate of its exchange is 0.5 m / s.

You can achieve this by properly designing the system. At the same time, the rate of air exchange for premises of various purposes should be taken into account. For the bathroom, this indicator is 50m 3, a total bathroom - 25 m 3, kitchens - 90 m 3. Not only service, but also residential rooms, utility rooms should be ventilated. To form a calculation hood, you need to summarize the air exchange rates of each compartment of the house. It is desirable that the real ventilation exceeds the minimum standards.

Designing the air exchange system in the house

Development of a home ventilation project includes:

selection of equipment;
drawing up a circuit wiring of communications, taking into account architectural, construction, sanitary, economic criteria.

The purpose of these works is the development of a system that can cope with the supply and conclusion of air, within the framework of the calculated volume calculated for the house. The project should not only ensure uninterrupted air ventilation, but also free access to all design elements (nodes, cameras). This is necessary for quick troubleshooting and regular service.

So that the circulation worked well, it is important to carefully choose all the equipment. It should serve as long as possible. The devices used should not spoil the architecture of the house, so they are better to provide them with a hidden way.

When designing the ventilation of the cottage, it is important that the system corresponds to sanitary and epidemiological standards. It should not only cope with the supply / removal of air masses, but also work as silent as possible. Do not forget about the system efficiency. But the desire to reduce the costs of its installation should not be displayed on the quality of installation. The main design task is to develop an optimal version of the house ventilation, taking into account all the above criteria.

Drawing up the project by the Contractor begins with the formation of technical design. All criteria for which the ventilation system should be laid, the wishes of the customer must be laid.

Calculation of ventilation in a private house

The operation of the system depends on whether the volume of the air supplied and derived the conditions of the house corresponds. This can be calculated using special formulas. The basis of the house is taken as the basis, which indicates the purpose and the area of \u200b\u200beach room.

First, the multiplicity of air exchange is calculated - an indicator defining how many times in 1 hour the air is completely changed in the room. For most residential premises, it can be one-time, for kitchens, bathrooms, boiler rooms - 2-3-fold. It is also necessary to take into account people living in the house.

The multiplicity of air exchange is calculated by the formula: L. (Supply installation performance, m3 / h) \u003d n.(rate of multiplicity for a certain room) * V.(room volume).

The calculation of the air exchange, given the number of people living in the house, is carried out by the formula: L. = N.(number of residents) * L.(Air intended for one person - norm). When performing physical exertion, one individual requires an air update - 30m 3 / h, in a calm state - 20 m 3 / h.

Consider: Calculating the air exchange across the multiplicity and number of tenants, focus more from these values.

Choosing equipment

The criteria for which the main installation settings are selected:

power, performance;
operating pressure;
the level of the noise published.

The speed of movement on the mains directly depends on their cross section, as well as the power of the fan. But it should also be taken into account that the air ducts have a certain resistance, which reduces the performance of the supply installation.

Note: The performance of the ventilation system of the cottage must be within 1000-3000 m 3 / h.

At the stage of development of a feasibility study, the type, number and power of the system elements is determined, its preliminary cost is drawn up, optimization adjustments are made. After that, a working draft is compiled, based on the high-precision calculations of the air exchange, highlighting the heat of a particular home. Instruments and air distributors are selected in it.

Frequent House Ventilation Scheme

The network for air distribution consists of pipes, shaped products (rotary elements, splitters, adapters), distributing devices (diffusers, lattices). At its basis, you can determine:

the operating pressure of the fan - it depends on the technical parameters of the unit, type and diameter of the air ducts, the number of rotary and connecting elements used by air distributors. The longer the highway and more on it different connectors, turns, adapters, the greater pressure should create a fan;
the speed of movement of air masses - depends on the diameter of the highways. For residential buildings it is 2.5-4 m / s;
noise level - depends on the section of highways and the speed of movement on them. The quiet work of the ventsystem will provide a pipe of large diameter. If there is no possibility to establish them, the mains are used in the section 160-250 mm, equipped with 20x20 distribution grids, or 20x30 cm.

According to the Interstate Standard (GOST 21.602-2003), all elements of the ventilation system should be displayed on the diagram. They are indicated by certain characters and subscribe.

To be comfortable and safe for a person, it is necessary to organize its ventilation. This will not only provide a favorable microclimate, but also will prolong the operational period of the structure itself. There are several types of arrangement of air exchange indoors. The choice of a specific system depends on the area, the design features of the house, the number of people living in it, budget. That she worked effectively, its planning and installation is better to entrust professionals with experience in this area.

Not so long ago, when conducting private residential construction, the future owners of houses are the questions of ventilation if we considered, they still moved them to the background, without giving these problems due attention. To a certain extent, such an approach was acquitted: the structure of buildings, the material of their construction, the presence of ovens with chimney channels, the installation of non-tightness and door blocks - all contributed to the constant circulation of air in the premises, which was enough to maintain a more or less acceptable microclimate.

However, currently a trend has changed straight. New building and finishing materials appeared, modern windows and doors are widely used, providing almost complete sealing of openings, the requirements for thermal insulation of buildings have increased, that is, when construction is trying to overlap any way of heat leakage. The usual air infiltration through building structures is clearly not enough, and therefore, at the design stage, the system of efficient ventilation of the premises is immediately envisaged.

With a change in living conditions, you have to take certain steps and the owners of the houses of the old building. And one of the most acceptable options, inexpensive and accessible to independent execution, the natural ventilation in a private house becomes. This topic is devoted to this publication.

What functions should be the ventilation at home?

Are there any ventilation at all to give it so important? A similar question may occur only about the amateur. The need for a permanent air exchange system is difficult to overestimate, both in terms of creating and maintaining the most comfortable for life and safe for the health of the people of microclimate and from the standpoint of providing long-term trouble-free operation of the entire building as a whole.

For normal vital activity of people, oxygen is required contained in the air. In the process of respiration, it is gradually replaced by carbon dioxide, and if there is no continuous replenishment of fresh air, then the atmosphere in a closed room becomes severe, suffocating, which causes rapid fatigue, lethargy, troubled sleep or even more serious reactions in the form of shortness of breath, dizziness, attacks, and T .p., especially in people suffering from chronic diseases of the respiratory system and blood circulation.

Stagnation is a mandatory increase in the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms contained in suspended state of pathogens and allergens.
Nowhere to go from the fact that the life of a person is constantly accompanied by smells. This is the sweat, and others are quite normal to allocate the body, the aroma of which is not particularly pleasant, it is perfumery and cosmetics, these are means of household chemicals and other sources. Add some bad habits here, in particular, smoking, as well as smells from pets. If constant efficient ventilation is not provided, very quickly the atmosphere in the living rooms will be unsuitable for normal stay in them.

Virtually gone into the past houses with "amenities" on the street. The comfort of accommodation is associated with an equipped bathroom or at least a shower, a warm toilet or a combined bathroom. It should be organized in such a way that the air together with odors and steam from these premises does not penetrate the residential area, and immediately displayed out.

Special attention always requires a kitchen. This is due to both elevated temperatures in this room in the process of cooking, and with combustion products, if a gas stove is used, and with a mass of smells, pleasant and not very, with fat evaporation and large amounts of water vapor. All this should immediately be outlook.

The air exhaled by people and animals always contains a high concentration of water vapor. In addition, the excessive humidity in the premises contributes a variety of household appliances - washing and dishwashers, irons, electric kettle, etc. You can add a drying linen drying, conducted wet cleaning and other reasons. And the increased humidity that has no way out due to lack of or insufficient ventilation is the removal walls that become a favorite "bridgehead" for the development of various microflora - fungus, mold, moss, it is quickly coming into a poor premises of the decoration, it is duver, and in strong Frosts - covered with ice crust windows. Yes, and the resource of the durability of the converted construction structures from any material is sharply reduced.

Unfortunately, not everything is safely with many materials widely used for finishing, insulation or for the manufacture of furniture. Many of them are able to allocate a substance-formaldehyde, styrene and other toxic compounds to the home atmosphere. Ventilation helps to reduce the negative effect of such emission.

If desired, this list can continue. However, what has already been listed, it should be enough to understand the importance of well-equipped ventilation and submit to which a convenient home is capable of becoming a convenient dwelling.

When designing any buildings in our time, special attention is paid to ventilation issues. If the host for one reason or another got a house, not equipped with such a system, you will have to do this immediately. And at first, the easiest way to organize natural ventilation, as it usually does not require excessive costs and large-scale alterations indoors.

Principle of natural ventilation. Her advantages and disadvantages.

In what conditions is possible use of natural ventilation

Venting premises can be organized in various schemes, but all of them can be divided into two main groups.

1. First A large group, which, in turn, is divided into several varieties is forced ventilation, air flows in which are created due to a single mechanical impact that is provided by the work of special fans. Such ventilation can be a supply, exhaust, or created by a combined scheme. Such schemes are very complex, usually require a professional campaign, but it allows you to control the quality of the air entering the air, to carry out its necessary doctrine.

2. Second - This is the natural ventilation in our article, which does not imply forced feeding or pulling the air masses. All movement of flows is carried out solely at the expense of the natural forces, replacing the laws of physics.

- temperature drop - warm air always has a smaller density and, therefore, the mass, in comparison with the colder, and therefore seeks up.

- Pressure drop: Due to the height of the raising of vertical ventilation channels, a certain, although not so significant, the pressure drop contributing to the movement of air is created.

- The effect of wind.

The work of natural ventilation does not accept the installation of any highly efficient filtering devices (except for them lattices or grids that are not transmitting, for example, fairy foliage, large trash, insects, etc.). These devices will make it difficult or even make it impossible to move the normal movement of air flow from the street into the room, which will lead to the inoperability of the entire system system as a whole. Thus, it makes sense to be limited to natural ventilation only under clean air in the construction area.

It is clear that the creation of natural ventilation in the house near the lively motorway, where the air is oversaturated with exhaust and dust, becomes an unsuccessful solution. According to the same considerations, such a scheme does not apply if there is traditionally unpleasant smell on the construction site from nearby industrial enterprises, livestock complexes, sewage treatment plants, etc. Instead of improving the microclimate, the premises will be obtained a completely opposite effect.

The level of noise (for example, a railway line or airport) is also available to a similar criterion for estimating the admissibility of natural ventilation. It should be remembered that such a ventilation scheme always reduces the overall soundproofing level of the house.

Comfortable living conditions involve the optimal combination of several parameters - air saturation with oxygen, its temperature and relative humidity. Practice shows that natural ventilation will support this balance only under the conditions of the so-called inertial house.

This concept is laid that the building is erected from materials capable of accumulating thermal energy - this can be attributed to brick, gas-silicate, ceramzite concrete, ceramic blocks, slag blocks, global walls. At the same time, the house must have high-quality thermal insulation, made exclusively outside. Defined inertias have walls built from wood (log or timber) or from the Saman.

It is in such conditions when the walls are able to accumulate thermal potential, and then give it to the flow of incoming air, properly organized natural ventilation will work on improving the microclimate in the premises. Heated surfaces become a kind of recuperator, that is, they contribute to the rapid and high-quality heating of the incoming air.

Prices for ventilation systems

ventilation system

But in the so-called random houses, the picture is completely different. Permanently penetrating free air flows from outside lead to unjustifiably large heat lines, get home, and it is not necessary to talk about providing a normal balance of temperature and humidity. Such buildings include buildings erected by frame technology, from, sandwich panels, polystyrene concrete, vacuum blocks and a number of other modern building materials. In such conditions, the only proper solution is the use of a well-thought-out system forced ventilation.

Natural ventilation is more suitable for compact buildings, without long Anfilaware rooms, outgames and attacks. It is complicated by its creation and with increasing levels - erected floors (this will be discussed below). It is practically not applicable "in its pure form" or very ineffective to ventilate the residential attic, due to the characteristics of this room - here will have to use a different scheme.

So, before you start creating a system of natural ventilation, the estimated criteria should be assessed, and only then make a decision.

Principle of System of Natural Ventilation of the Country House

So, let's now consider what is the principal device of natural ventilation of the private house, as it works.

For the functionality of such a scheme, a combination of supply and exhaust channels with the provision of free, uncomplicated movement of air between them are necessary.

Fresh air (shown by wide blue arrows) penetrates the room through ajar window or special intake ventilation valves (pos. 1). It is heated due to the validity of the heating, convection and heat transfer from the accumulating thermal potential of structures, displaces the more dense, saturated with carbon dioxide gases "waste" air, which moves (wide green arrows) to the premises in which exhaust exhausts are installed. For its free movement, on the path, it is envisted or lumen between the floor surface and the door web, or through windows in the doors themselves (pos. 2).

Exhaust extensions (pos. 3) are usually provided in the most "dirty" rooms that require maximum air exchange to remove odors, evaporation or excessive humidity. Here, the air flows of "exhaust" air (wide red arrows), picking up all these negative components, extend in the outstands and move up vertical ventilation channels, due to the temperature and pressure differences already mentioned above.

These air ducts are displayed through the attic and the roof and end the headings of the ventilation pipes above the surface of the roof (pos. 4). The placement of these pipes on the roof is also subject to certain rules that will be discussed below.

Thus, for the efficient operation of natural ventilation of the house as a whole, each of the rooms should be equipped or a supply channel (valve), or output outlet. A number of rooms assumes the presence and valve, and inventory.

Prices for air ducts

air ducts

When planning the location of the supply valves and ventilation units are guided by the following rules:

A trimming valve (or other path of purifying air) should be provided in any of the residential premises, be it a bedroom, living room, children's, office, dining room, etc.
Ventilation channels with outstands are provided:

- In the kitchen premises. It should be remembered that the presence of kitchen hood over the stove does not exempt from the need to place the ventilation outlet.

- In the bathrooms, toilets or combined bathrooms, domestic baths.

- In the highlighted room under home laundry.

- In the stores, dryers, dressing rooms, if they go into the premises of the residential zone. If they are separated by a door from the corridor or kitchen, then the trim valve is installed in them.

- In the domestic workshop, if the work in it can be accompanied by the appearance of vapors, smoke, unpleasant odors (welding, soldering, staining, the use of chemicals of various purposes - adhesives, mastic, solvents, technical fluids, etc.)

A number of rooms require accommodation and supply valve, and ventilation outstands:

- Premises in which gas heating equipment has been installed.

- Room of the residential area, in case there is more than two doors between her and the nearest ventilation channel.

- Residential premises combined with kitchen, that is, for example, a kitchen-dining room.

- Home sporty oria gyms.

A special approach is required to premises the second floor. The fact is that the warm air from the first floor is necessarily rising, and an additional load is located on the ventilation system. Here are two options:

- If the second floor is separated from the staircase with a constantly closed door, then the approach to the placement of the supply valves and exhaust carrying remains almost the same. True, with a reservation - in the case when the second floor does not provide for "dirty" rooms (kitchen, bathroom, toilet, etc.), the outlet can accommodate in the general lobby (corridor), where all the rooms come out.

- In the case when the second floor does not overlap the doors from the first, in each of the rooms, regardless of its purpose, the channel of fresh air intake is also provided, and the ventilation swelling.

In addition, the presence of a supply window and ventilation inventory is required for basement (basement) rooms and for space under wooden floors on the lags on the first floor. But the ventilation of basements is a separate topic for a more thorough review, and in this publication "withdrawn for brackets."

Advantages and disadvantages of the system of natural ventilation at home

So what advantages Systems can be calculated if the scheme of the natural ventilation of the country house is selected:

Such a ventilation system requires minimal financial investments. Most of the work is quite accessible to independent conduct. True, if the house has not previously had exhaust ventilation channels - it will have to work seriously on it. Supply valves in the installation of special difficulties should not be delivered.
The system is reliable, first of all for the reason that in its design it is not expected to be complex mechanisms - by and large, there is simply nothing to fail.

Natural ventilation does not require complex care. In principle, it is reduced only to a regular audit of the state of the ventilation channels and, if necessary, their cleaning.
Such a system is completely non-volatile and does not require additional operating costs.
The lack of mechanisms is also the lack of technological noise inherent in other types of ventilation of the forced principle of operation.

However, do not forget about enough weighty disadvantages Natural ventilation:

In most cases, the supply channels do not have high-quality filters (they would prevent natural circulation), which means that the incoming air carries with itself pollution, dust, odors, floral pollen. It is possible to penetrate small insects.
The supply valves are "Break" in general sound insulation at home.
The system is very difficult to quantify the incoming air volumes.
Natural ventilation is extremely dependent on the time of year and even from current and weather on the street. In winter, when the temperature difference inside the house and outside is large, the ventilation works "on the full coil", which often causes energy overruns for the needs of heating. The reduction of air intake from the outside (for example, the cover of the supply valves) immediately gives increased humidity - with all the ensuing consequences.

In summer heat, on the contrary, air circulation can slow down or even stop at all. Output One: Apply at this time the scheme of through ventilation, opening the windows on both sides of the house - the air movement will be carried out due to the pressure difference on the leeward and windward sides. But at the same time, from the "dirty" premises, the flow of excessive moisture and smells in the residential zone is quite likely.

There are many ways to optimize the work of natural circulation to optimize the work of natural circulation - let's talk about it later.

Video: The principle of natural circulation and its seasonal features

How is the performance of the system of natural ventilation at home calculated?

Little to correctly determine the location of the supply valves and exhaust ventilation units. The ventilation system must have a certain productivity to provide optimal air exchange in all rooms at home.

These requirements for air exchange issues are established by current building standards and rules for all residential and special buildings of the building. From them begin to "dance" when calculating. Excerpt from these standards is shown in the table below:

Type of room	Minimum air exchange rates (multiplicity per hour or cubic meters per hour)
	Influx	Hood
Arch of Rules SP 55.13330.2011 to SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-sided residential buildings"
Residential premises with a permanent stay of people	No less than one-time exchange of volume for an hour	-
Kitchen	-	60 m³ / h
Bathroom, toilet	-	25 m³ / hour
Rests	Not less than 0.2 volumes for an hour
Arch of Rules SP 60.13330.2012 to SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
Minimum external air consumption per person: residential premises with a permanent stay of people, in conditions of natural ventilation:
With overall residential area more than 20 m² per person	30 m³ / hour, but at the same time not less than 0.35 of the total air exchange apartment per hour	-
With a total area of \u200b\u200bless than 20 m² per person	3 m³ / h per 1 m² area of \u200b\u200bthe room	-
Vault of the SP Rules 54.13330.2011 to SNiP 31-01-2003 "Buildings Residential Multi-Fire"
Bedroom, Children's, Living Room	One-time exchange of volume per hour	-
Cabinet, library	0.5 from volume per hour	-
Lowering, paddle, dressing room	-	0.2 from the volume per hour
Home gym, billiard	80 m³ / h
Kitchen with electric stove	-	60 m³ / h
Gas Equipment Premises
Room with a solid fuel boiler or stove	One-time exchange of + 100 m³ / hour per gas stove
Home Laundry, Dryer, Gladlina	-	90 m³ / h
Shower, bathroom, toilet or combined bathroom	-	25 m³ / hour
Home sauna	-	10 m³ / h per person

The premises with a permanent stay of people are understood in this case those in which tenants are located more than two hours. It is clear that in the conditions of the apartment here it is necessary to include all the living rooms, with the exception, maybe those that are not operated and are closed. In this case, the rate of air exchange is received for these residential premises - 0.2 from the volume per hour.

The total calculation is usually carried out in such a sequence.

BUT. Begin with the definition of the necessary amount of air intake in ventilated rooms equipped with supply valves.

If you look at the tables carefully, then we can see that in the regulatory documents there are several payment paths - from the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises, from the volume of rooms (the multiplicity of air exchange), and sometimes - and on the number of people constantly in the room. So, it is worth trying to calculate in several ways, and then choose from the resulting results maximum.

Let us explain on the example:

A residential building area of \u200b\u200b70 m², three family members live (more than 20 m² per person). In the sleeping total area of \u200b\u200b16 square meters, permanent stay (more than 2 hours) of two people are supposed. If you count on sanitary standards (SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"), it turns out the necessary air intake of at least 30 m³ / hour per each, that is, 60 m³ / hour.

Thus, from the two values \u200b\u200bobtained, select the maximum - 60 m³ / hour.

The same house, but already a children's room, with an area of \u200b\u200b13 m³, where one person is constantly located. According to sanitary standards - 30 m³ / h, in terms of the volume of single air exchange from the area of \u200b\u200bthe room - 39 m³ / hour. That is, it is 39 m³ that is accepted.
Large living room (20 m²), where all members of the family are going every day and spend together. Based on the norm of 30 m³ per person - this is 90 m³ / hour. If you count from the area (volume) of the room - 60 m³ / hour. Much is taken.
For a small cabinet area, for example, 11 m², values \u200b\u200bwill be approximately equal to 30 and 33 m³ / hour.
Such calculation is carried out for each of the rooms where the air channels will be provided. Then the maximum values \u200b\u200bare summed up - the result will show how much air is required to run into the residential building. Suppose, in our example, the total amount of the necessary air exchange was 192 m³ / hour.

To simplify the calculations of the necessary air intake, you can use the following calculator, in which the main relations are laid in accordance with applicable SNiP.