Create an example of comparison in the literature. How to find and what is a comparison in fiction
At the heart of the visual language system lies comparison. But this does not mean that the comparison is an outdated trail. On the contrary, it continues to be actively used - largely due to its versatility. Using the comparison, you can describe anything. Even no comparison ("It is impossible to compare anything", "I never seen anything like that", "the human mind is not able to understand it and especially more reliably describe") It may be very eloquent.
ComparisonAs the "literary encyclopedia" says - stylistic reception; The likelihood of one phenomenon to another, emphasizing their overall sign.
In the "literary encyclopedia" V.M. Frice allocates only two types of comparison:
1) direct - i.e. Pronounced with the help of alliances as if or as if they were called more comparative turns): "Label and mindless, as if walking without a goal, there are sealer oaks, and dazzling blows of sunlight lights whole pictorial masses of the leaves, throwing onto other dark as night, shadow ..." (N. V. Gogol, "Sorochinsky Fair");
2) I. indirect - pronounced nouns in the form of a cooling case (used without preposition): "Onegin lived an anachore ..." (A. S. Pushkin, "Evgeny Onegin").
Actually, this is the two most common types of comparison. Comparison with comparative turnover can be found quite a lot, it is worth opening any well-written feature book. There is less indirect comparisons, but they can be easily used. Some indirect comparisons even switched to phraseological units: "Fit goes", I.e. Studying hands in the sides, it is important. We could say: "Goes like a firth", but the word "Firth" in modern Russian is not used in this meaning, therefore it will be incomprehensible.
The main thing is that you need to remember: almost any direct comparison can be converted to indirect, and vice versa: "Ikar fell as a star" - "Icar fell as a star."
However, other types of comparisons can be distinguished, for example, M. Petrovsky adds some more types of comparison:
3) NessuzoyeWhen a comparative turnover is expressed in the form of a proposal with a composite name to be sure. It sounds difficult, in fact, everything is simple. Examples: My house is my fortress, my teacher is a snake, in the village - Paradise.
4) NegativeWhen the comparison is based on the separation of similar objects: "Not two clouds in the sky were condensed, two remote Vityaz was grew up". This type of comparison is often used in stylization under folklore or children's works: « Not in the car passenger, / not in the submarine shaking - / rides bridge on the pavement / in its own wheelchair " (A. Barto). However, there are a number of serious works, where the negative comparison underlies the entire figurative system. An example of Shakespeare's creativity:
Her eyes on the stars are not like
It is impossible to get lost corals,
Not snow white shoulders open skin,
And the black wire will strand.
With damask rose, scarlet or white,
You can not compare the shade of these cheeks.
And the body smells like the body smells,
Not like violet gentle petals.
You will not find in it perfect lines,
Special light on the brow.
I do not know how the goddess marvels,
But cute steps on the ground.
And all that she will give way to those who hardly
Who in comparison with lush rolled out.
5) so-called "Homerovskaya comparison" - Deployed and detailed comparison, when "the poet deploys them (comparison), as if forgetting and not worrying about those subjects that they should depict. Tertium compararationis gives only a reason, push to distract to the side from the main course of the story. " This is the style of Gogol and many postmodernists. They sinned Russian sentimentalists unreasonable detailed comparisons, and it became more than once became the subject of ridicule of contemporaries. But the power of "Homerovsky comparison" is actually quite large, the main thing is to be able to use it, do not overdo it and not "unfinished." In other words, either put the "Homeric comparison" to the basis of the style, or avoid it.
First, carefully read the examples from the poems of different poets.
Under blue skies
Gorgeous carpets
The shiny in the sun is snow lies.
(A. Pushkin.)
Night sad. From fires
Needles draw rays.
From gardens and alley
Smells with wet sheets.
(M. Voloshin.)
Let the cherry dry in the wind in the wind,
Let the lilac fall rain -
Anyway I'll take you from here
To the palace where the swirls play.
(V. Vysotsky.)
I will erect myself another!
To the shameful century - back.
To love with his lost face.
And the chest is a bicycle wheel.
(I. Brodsky.)
In each of the four passages, find comparisons. Let's tell me a little: what does the lying snow compare? Light lights? Cherry bloom? The chest of the monument (which, of course, is not) Poet Brodsky? Did you easily do this task? Try to explain why comparisons were not visible at once, why did difficulty in their search arise? Is it connected with the form of their expression?
Pushkin has fallen snow similar to magnificent carpets. The Voloshina rays from the lights - on the needles (though, it should be noted that the comparison itself is inverted here: less unexpected would be to read that the "rays stretch the needles"). Vysotsky compares the blooming trees of cherry with linen drying and fluttering in the wind. In the last example, it is interesting that Brodsky revives the linguistic comparison of the chest with a wheel, which has been erased, that we are no longer perceive it as a comparison. Adding cycling makes a comparison again alive.
All comparisons in these passages are expressed by the form of the cleaner case of the noun. Certificate case and creates difficulties: we can not find out the comparison "in the face" immediately, because we do not see the words-tips, as if, as if, similar to others.
The task. The poet Bella Ahmadulina has a poem, which is dedicated ... It is very difficult to say what and to whom. Formally, at first glance, - one day of life, one morning, one of Arbat Lanes - Bread Lane, Moscow ...
The beginning of the poem:
i went out in the snow of Arbat yard ...
1. Of course, you can easily call the time of year. But think about: Is it just winter you can get out "in the snow"? What is the purpose of this item underlined? What was this snow? Describe it.
In verses B. Ahmadulina, the most ordinary, long ago, all the usual items in which, it seems, and there is no poetry ... Sorry, we said "list"? This is not true:
Here is the snow, here is the janitor, then the child runs -
everything is there and shakes are subject to ...
I noticed the word muggy? Read one line from this poem, which "comes" the dog:
Irish Setter, frisky, like fire ...
2. Describe how you imagine this setter. What role does the comparison play with fire? What is common between the values \u200b\u200bof words fire and dog?
1. You can get out in the snow, of course, not only in winter, but in the fall - the main thing is that the snow is unexpected, so that it is a lot to be not dirty, gray, familiar, boring, but, on the contrary, new, white, clean Fluffy. To remember how it was in childhood, when each of us, more than ever, was careless and kind ...
2. Comparison as a fire allows you to enable imagination and see what setter was: first, frisky, fast (this is in the text), secondly, brightly red, and thirdly, most likely long-haired: probably in The time of running his wool was fluttered and looked like a flame language ...
This confirms the encyclopedic dictionary: "Setters - long-haired legal dogs, are used to hunt for feathery ditch." A comparison, invented by B. Ahmadulina, is wonderful, it includes three meanings at once, which combine the words Dog and Fire: movement, color and shape. This is a very accurate comparison: we even know people who previously did not know this breed of dogs, "but suddenly they began to recognize the setters after reading the poems B. Ahmadulina.