Calculation of the angle of inclination of the roof. Roofing angle for various roofing materials Roofing materials and slope angles for each

The bias of the roof is one of the most important parameters when designing the roof along with the choice and calculation of the rafter system, the calculation of the insulation and the roofing coating.

Its effective work depends on the inclination of the roof, and the parameter is calculated depending on the region for placing the structure, the purpose of the attic space and the type of roofing material.

Before you begin to draw up a plan of a future design, you must know about the parameters of the skates everything you need to carry out competent installation and increase the service life of the roof.

What do you need to know about the slope slope?

The bias of the roof is the magnitude of the slope relative to the level of the horizon. This indicator is measured in degrees in practice, but in regulatory documents may be indicated as a percentage, as, for example, in SNiVA II-26-76 "Roof".

The inclination of the roof in percent is very different from the values \u200b\u200bin degrees, for example, 1 degree \u003d 1.7%, and 31 degrees will already be 60%, so such relations are important to know not to be mistaken during the calculations.

For the designed roofs, the calculation of the inclination value is relevant, but at the design of the finished rafter system, you can use a special device - a tilter that will help determine the angle.

In the case of the finished design from the rafted, the knowledge of the angle is necessary to calculate the coating material.

The magnitude of the slope is dependent on the following parameters:

the ability to protect the building from external negative impacts using the built-up structure;
designer decisions and architectural features of the region;
material used: Each material requires certain permissible indicators in which it can be installed;
wind loads: the higher the angle, the more the roof will play the role of sail - steep slides will catch more winds;
snow and rain loads: The roofs with a large tilt angle are able to get rid of precipitation rapidly;
the function of the future attic room: if attic is planned, not too cool slopes are made for rational use of space in double-circuit roofs;
financial opportunities: in buildings, the angle of the roof of the roof of which is 45 degrees and more, increase the cost of building materials.

The razoklock of the skates implies works to create an inclination in flat roofs, devices on them skates, endands and smoking and crumbs.

Due to such actions, a single-table roof is getting rid of the problems with precipitation and garbage on the surface.

The minimum value of inclination for flat skates is considered one and a half percent. With this indicator, not all kinds of roofing materials will be suitable.

At the same time, the skates are necessarily equipped with a wastewater system for effectively removing precipitation.

The lowerflower is better to check before mounting the skates on the ground, enhancing the desired angle of inclination in a small element of the skate.

It is watered with water, and if the liquid is effectively passed to the catchment, then the selected tilt can be considered sufficient.

The interconnectedness of the roofing material and the angle of the slope

When developing the design of the future roof, it is necessary to clearly represent how the roof will look. Accordingly, already at this stage you need to decide which roofing material will be used.

It is worth noting the connection of the roof slope with the number of insulation materials. For example, the smaller the angle of the skates, the more it will be necessary to lay the layers of waterproofing, as water with a gentle roof will go slower.

In the roofs with a steep angle, an increased wind load will be created, so this also needs to be taken into account when calculating the rafting system and choosing a roofing material.

According to its physical, technical and assembly properties, materials for laying design can be divided into the following subgroups:

the minimum bias of the roof of 1.5 - 10 degrees (up to 10%) - four-layer roofs from rolled cellulose-bitumen materials;
the bias from 6 degrees - applied folding professional flooring;
11 degrees and more - ondulin applies;
a bias of 20 degrees - asbestos-cement slate is used;
22 degrees and more - ceramic, cement-sand and bituminous tile;
from 12 degrees - sheets of metal tiles are used;
from 22 degrees - a composite and cement-fiber tile is used.

For skates from bituminous rolled materials, certain actions are made against the location of the base.

The laying of slate and ceramic tiles is possible with a smaller slope, but with the provision of due waterproofing.

in the Nendov region, the magnitude of the inclination should be at least 1%;
at the rod, the angle of inclination of which does not exceed 10%, the coating is necessarily treated with a layer of gravel and mastic. Endovans and chimneys are trimmed and processed by the same materials;
when choosing slate or corrugated flooring, sealing and protected joints must be performed as roofing material;
the angle of inclination is calculated for each roof individually, regardless of the proximity of the buildings;
the design of the roof and sewage system of the roof drainage system on the perimeter of the house depends on the angle.

Calculation of the angle of inclination of the roof

To correctly define an angle of future skates, you need to competently approach the load on the truck system. These loads include the weight of the construction erected and possible loads from the wind and precipitation.

The calculation of the decoration of the roof can be made both independently and using the calculator.

For self-calculation, first of all, it is necessary to know the height of the skate run from the cornese part of the roof and the length of the attachment.

The mint is the distance of the lower horizontal part of the slope from the angle to the projection of the upper point of the roof to the cornisic part.

The slope is calculated in degrees or percentages and is indicated by the Latin letter "I". The calculation of the angle of the skate in the formula looks like this:

i \u003d H / L, where H is the height of the roof, and L is the length of the attachment.

This calculation will show which roofing material you can use with the existing slope value.

The calculation of snow loads is determined by the map and depends on the placement region. The main task of such a calculation is to take into account the projected tilt of the roof.

For accounting indicator requires correction factors:

an angle of less than 25 degrees - coefficient 1;
from 25 to 60 degrees - 0.7;
skates more than 60 degrees do not imply the calculation of such loads.

To determine the snow load, the value of the region in the card is multiplied by the coefficient.

For example, with an angle of inclination of the roof of 45 degrees in Moscow, the calculation will look like this: on the map is the third zone with an average load of 180 kg / m². This value is multiplied by 0.7, it turns out 126 kg / m².

Wind load is more unpredictable, and a wind load card will be needed for its calculation.

For example, calculating the load for a one-storey house in the private sector of the Moscow region, you need to multiply the average load on the map to the corrective coefficient for houses below 5 meters.

It looks like this: 32 kg / m² * 0.5 \u003d 16 kg / m². The coefficient of the aerodynamic component of the wind is added to this value.

Common load on the rafter system should not exceed 300 kg / m², as a result of which, if necessary, the bias change or choose another roofing material.

It can be concluded that the calculation of the roof slope with all loads is a difficult task, which is often for only experienced masters.

Such a calculation will affect the reliability of the roof and the safety of being under it, therefore it is necessary to approach this process with responsibility and mind.

The reliability of the building and the comfort of living in it depends on the quality of the construction of the roof. It is selected optimal for local operating conditions. Of particular importance is such a parameter as a bias of the roof, which will go further.

The angle of the roof of the roof depends not only on its design and features of the facade of the house, from the selected roofing material, but also from other factors. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the climatic conditions of the area where the building is erected. Where the amount of precipitation falling in winter time is large, it is preferable to a large angle of inclination of the roof (within 45-60 degrees): it contributes to the best one of the snow, which means to reduce the load on the roof. Also becomes less likely to fly the surface of the overlap due to the sealing of snow cover.

If the building is being built where the weather is prevailing with strong winds, it is desirable to choose the minimum corner of the roof slide to reduce the sailness of the design. Otherwise, the design threatens rapid destruction. Most often, the inclination range in this case is 9-20 degrees.

The greater the angle of the block of the roof of the roof - the easier it comes from it the snow cover

But mostly the optimal corner of the roof rope is selected in the average values, that is, from 20 to 45 degrees. It is suitable for almost any type of roofing material, for example, for very popular professional flooring or metal tile.

In the area with a warm climate, where solar days are much larger than cloudy, more acceptable flat roofs: their area is less than that of other types of designs, which means that heating from the sun rays will be at a lesser extent. But this design should not be absolutely horizontal: the slope of a flat roof should be at least within 3-5 degrees. The minimum bias of a flat roof will provide a normal gathering of rain and melt moisture.

Types of roofing structures

Economic and utility structures are often erected with a single roof: it is simply mounted and does not require high costs. In fact, such a building has a different height of the wall with overlapping laid on them. The slope of the ceiling is selected within 9-25 degrees, which is well suited for professional flooring and metal tile. Such a design requires a device for ventilation of a subsecope.

But the most popular is the duplex: two planes located under the tilt are connected along the line of the skate. Other (end) planes are vertical and are called frontons. They may have doors to access the balcony or exterior staircase.

There are many options for roofing structures

Walm overlaps, the most popular representatives of which are four-page, are aesthetically very attractive. In such cases, especially in more complex structures, the slopes can be any: it depends on the selected design and personal preferences of developers. The advantage of the hip roofs is in the absence of restrictions on the use of roofing material.

The version of the hip construction is an attic: an attic room is used as a residential, so the requirements for insulation are very high. Free space under the overlap is formed due to the high angle of inclination of all the skates, in which the attic windows should be provided.

The dependence of the roof design from the overlap material

Before choosing the roofing material, its technical characteristics should be studied: this will help optimally approach the solution to the question and choose the most reliable. In addition, there is a rule that determines the dependence of the angle of inclination of the slopes from the used roofing material.

We list the main ones:

When the tilt value is selected, the strength characteristics of the roofing structure should be taken into account: the strength of the strength should be enough not only to withstand its own weight and mass of roofing material, but also on external loads (winds impulses, snow). Also from the tilt of the scope depends on the type of crate to lay a majority of materials: with small values \u200b\u200bof this parameter, either a solid crate, or with a slight step (350-450 mm). When erecting any roof, and even more flat, you need a device of a system of sludge and drainage. If the area is especially great - additional drain will be required.

Calculation of the angle of inclination

The design should meet such requirements: it is strong enough, to ensure reliable protection against precipitation, have good thermo- and sound insulation. It is also important to have access to repair and maintenance. How to calculate the roof inclination angle to be performed all these conditions? Specialists recommend applying simple variants of its device to which one-sided, duplex, hip (and semi-haul), attic.

Roofs can have a design of any complexity, with different corners of the slope

Singles are most convenient for the veranda, attacks and economic buildings. The principle of creating a single-table is the same as other types: the installation of rafters, crates, after which - laying the roofing material. The latter plays a decisive role: for the professional flooring requires an angle of 8-11 degrees (it is better to do 20), for metal tile - at least 25, for slate and a folding roof - 35 degrees.

If climatic conditions allow you to better make a roof with a bias of 45 degrees: this will make it necessary to neglect the calculations associated with the mass of snow. This is almost the perfect single-sided roof: the angle of inclination does not make it difficult to install and facilitate the service (the snow will not accumulate on its surface). But in this case you will have to strengthen the rafters and the crate, since the wind pressure on the design increases 5 times. It should also be borne in mind that it will require large consumption for materials - by about 1.5 times.

Roofing material must be chosen depending on the roof slope

As can be seen from the graph, each slope corresponds to a certain group of roofing waterproofing materials. In total, there are 11, while inclined lines correspond to the corner of the slope. The fat line is referred to as the height of the skate to ½ of its embedding belongs. It can be seen that the segment H is equal to half the horizontal segment indicated by the fraction of ½. The numbers in the tops of the semicircular scales correspond to the angle of inclination (in degrees), the vertical scale also denotes in percent. When choosing any roof configuration, you should adhere to these recommendations and get the roofing materials suitable for the next choice.

In order to be clear how the roof inclination angle is calculated, we give an example of calculating the smallest angle of the block of overlapping with waterproofing from the tiles. On the graph we find a semicircular curve corresponding to this coating: it will be a curve marked with a number 2. Tracking it to the intersection point with a vertical scale, we discover that the minimum bias of such a roof is 50%.

Given the fact that the slope of the skate is the ratio of the height of the skate to ½ of its embedding, calculate the slope. That is, when the skate height h \u003d 4 m and the embedding, equal to L \u003d 15 m, the slope will be determined as H: (L / 2) \u003d 4: (15/2) \u003d 0.53. To display in percent, we multiply the resulting result by 100 and get 53%. This value of this parameter guarantees a good rainwater. The minimum bias in Undova is 1%.

Features of the calculation of the bartal roof

The bartal roof is the most successful and widespread design. There are several reasons for this: high reliability, relative simplicity, cheapness of construction. When building a roof, it is far from all correctly choose the optimal angle of inclination of the two-tie roof.

In the areas of strong winds, it is necessary to calculate the two-sheet roof so that its slope does not cause too strong wind loads. The greater the angle of inclination of the structure, the higher its sailboat.

It is impossible to reduce it to values \u200b\u200bsmaller than 25 degrees: the precipitates will be worse away from the roof, and dampness may appear in the undercrow. It is also not recommended to make it large 60 degrees: a strong impulse faith can destroy the roof. The roof does not have to have symmetrical skates: if the structure of the structure is more severely rolled into the south side - the roof will be better saved after the rain.

Terms of application of roofing materials depending on the angle of slope

Useful area of \u200b\u200battic and drainage system

The useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic room depends on the design of the roof: the greater the angle of the slope, the greater the area and the opposite (in Figure 2 it is clearly shown). The attachment of the attic, you have to search for a compromise between the area, which can be easily used, the costs of roof construction and the strength of the structure.

The method of removal of atmospheric precipitation can also be different. There are outdoor or internal organized and unorganized - only outdoor. The latter assumes the installation of drainage pipes and gutters, while wall and suspension systems are mounted on roofing with a slope greater than 15%. The gutter is attached with a minimal bias of 3 degrees, their boards are made by a height of about 120 mm.

The useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic of the roof depends on the roof angle

Between the pipes should be a distance of no more than 23 m. The pipe cross section should provide a normal diversion of water and is selected depending on the skate area. Outdoor appliances organized type are more suitable for the terrain with a warm climate. Internal waterproofs are used for cold climatic conditions. There are such systems from a funnel for receiving water, riser, release and tap tube. The main condition - the water removal must be provided at any air temperature.

The roofing device is a very responsible case requiring the participation of highly qualified workers. Mounting errors can cost the owners at home. To avoid trouble, work on the construction of the roof should be entrusted with specialists with sufficient experience: it will be a guarantee of the reliability of the building and comfort in it.

The slope of the roof skates - from which it depends and what it is measured.

Such an important factory for the roof is its slope. Blope roof - This is the angle of inclination of the roof relative to the horizontal level. On the corner of the inclination of the roof rods ambolon (gentle), middle inclinations and roofs with steep (strong) shots.

A little roof That roof, the installation of which is carried out from the calculation of the smallest, recommended angle of inclination of the skates. So for each roofing coating there is its recommended minimum slope.

From what depends the bias of the roof

From the ability of the roof to protect the structure from external factors and impacts.
From wind - The greater the roof slope, the greater the value of the incoming wind loads. With steep slopes, the resistance of the wind decreases, the sailboat rises. In regions and places with strong winds, it is recommended to use the minimum bias of the roof to reduce the load on the roof structures.
From Roofing (material) - For each roofing material, there is a minimum angle of inclination at which this material can be used.
From architectural ideas, solutions, local traditions - So in different regions, preference is given for one or another roof design.
From atmospheric oyphans: snow loads and rains in the region. On the roofs with a big slope will not accumulate in huge quantities of snow, dirt and leaves.

What is measured angle of the roof

The designation of the roof shaping in the drawings can be both in degrees and in percent. The bias of the roof is indicated by the Latin letter I.

In SNEV, II-26-76, this value is indicated as a percentage (%). At the moment, there are no strict rules for the designation of the size of the roof slope.

Unit of measurement of the roof slope is considered degrees or percentages (%). Their ratio is listed below in the table.

Sad roof degree ratio percent

degrees	%	degrees	%	degrees	%
1 °	1,75%	16 °	28,68%	31 °	60,09%
2 °	3,50%	17 °	30,58%	32 °	62,48%
3 °	5,24%	18 °	32,50%	33 °	64,93%
4 °	7,00%	19 °	34,43%	34 °	67,45%
5 °	8,75%	20 °	36,39%	35 °	70,01%
6 °	10,51%	21 °	38,38%	36 °	72,65%
7 °	12,28%	22 °	40,40%	37 °	75,35%
8 °	14,05%	23 °	42,45%	38 °	78,13%
9 °	15,84%	24 °	44,52%	39 °	80,98%
10 °	17,64%	25 °	46,64%	40 °	83,90%
11 °	19,44%	26 °	48,78%	41 °	86,92%
12 °	21,25%	27 °	50,95%	42 °	90,04%
13 °	23,09%	28 °	53,18%	43 °	93,25%
14 °	24,94%	29 °	55,42%	44 °	96,58%
15 °	26,80%	30 °	57,73%	45 °	100%

Translate a bias from interest to degrees and vice versa from the degrees to interest using an online converter:

Measurement of the roof of the roof

Measure the angle of the slope with the help of a biasmaker or a mathematical manner.

Inclinometer - This is a rake with a frame, between the plackets of which there is an axis, the division scale and to which the pendulum is fixed. When the rail is in a horizontal position, the scale shows zero degrees. In order to measure the slope of the roof slope, the rake of the sucker is kept perpendicular to the skate, that is, vertical level. On the scale of the biasman, the pendulum indicates what the slope of this roof slope in degrees. Such a method for measuring the slope has become less relevant, as there are now different geodesic devices for zoom measurements, as well as drip and electronic levels with bias.

Mathematical calculation of the slope

Vertical height (H. ) From the top point of the skate (usually the skate) to the level of the lower (cornice)
Pinching ( L. ) - horizontal distance from the bottom of the slope to the top

With the help of mathematical calculation, the magnitude of the roof of the roof finds as follows:

The angle of the slope of the skate I is equal to the ratio of the height of the roof H to the downlusion L.

i \u003d N: L

In order for the ability to express as a percentage value, this relationship is multiplied by 100. Next, to find out the value of the slope in degrees, we translate the relationship along the table located above.

To be clearer, consider on the example:

Let it be:

The length of the embedding is 4.5 m, the height of the roof is 2.0 m.

The slope is equal: i \u003d 2.0: 4.5 \u003d 0.44 Now multiply on × 100 \u003d 44%. We translate this value on the table in degrees and get - 24 °.

Minimum bias for roofing materials (coatings)

View of the roof	Minimal roof slope
View of the roof	in degrees	in %	in the ratio of the height of the skate to the downstream
Roofs from rolled bitumen materials: 3 and 4-layer (weld)	0-3 °	up to 5%	up to 1:20
Roofs from rolled bitumen materials: 2 layers (flooding)	from	15
Folding roofing	from 4 °
Ondulin	5 °		1:11
Wavy asbetic sheets (slate)	9 °	16	1:6
Ceramic tile	11 °		1:6
Bituminous tile	11 °		1:5
Metal tile.	14 °
Cement-sand tile	34 °	67%
Wooden roofing	39 °	80%	1:1.125

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The foundation and roof are the two most important and complex on the calculations of the architectural element of any building. The carrier elements of the roof - the rafter system, and its indicators are largely dependent on the angle of inclination of the skates. Ordinary developers choose the optimal inclination of the roof, based on other criteria than designers.

They are not quite interested in calculations on the strength of carrier nodes, they are not interested in the influence of the angle of inclination of the two-tie roof on the cost and complexity of the rafter system, etc.

What are ordinary developers pay attention to?

Roof inclination angle selection parameters	Short description
	Each owner wants to have a beautiful house with his individual differences. At the appearance of the house, the angle of inclination has a great influence. Architects have their own requirements for buildings, houses must organically fit into the style of existing buildings. Especially strictly to this parameter relate when the house is located within the city. Quite often, local governments make decisions prohibiting the violating traditional architectural appearance. It is impossible, for example, to build a house with an angle of inclination of the roof of 45 °, if on this street all buildings have no longer than 20 °.
	This factor has a very insignificant effect on the optimal angle. Roofing materials have only general guidelines for installation on flat and inclined roofs. Flat roofs have an angle of inclination of the slopes less than 10 °, all structures with an inclination angle exceeding these values \u200b\u200bare considered inclined. The technology of mounting roofing materials with an angle of inclination of 15 ° is no different from the roofing technology on the rope with a tilt of 45 °. There is, however, a restriction for piece tiles, it can be installed on the roofs with an inclination angle of at least 22 °.
	The greater the angle of the slope, the higher the attic rooms. Such roofs are built for buildings with attic. At this factor, developers pay great attention, but not everything is as simple as it may seem at first glance.

These wishes by architects are taken into account during the design and calculation of elements of the rafter systems. But they are added to them quite a fairly large number of purely engineering factors that have a decisive influence during the calculations of the parameters of the rafting system. And the angle of inclination of the skates among them is not the only one, all values \u200b\u200bdepend on each other and cannot be taken into account when developing the project.

How do the optimal corner of the designers choose

Calculations are made on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85. Placed norms are used during calculations, taking into account permanent, temporary and special loads and their various combinations.

Snip 2.01.07-85. PDF file will open in a new tab.

What loads are taken into account when determining the angle of inclination of the roof

Loads are divided into several categories depending on the duration of their exposure: long, short-term and special.

Long (permanent) load on the truss system. These include the weight of roofing materials, insulation, wooden elements of the rafter design. This category should include loads arising from thermal expansion and changes in linear dimensions due to changes in the relative humidity of lumber. Regulatory changes in temperature are determined by the formulas separately for heated and unheated premises. The weight of snow cover is also considered a long-term load on the rafter system and is necessarily taken into account during the determination of the optimal angle of inclination of the rafter.
Short-term. The impact system has an influence of the weight of workers, stored building materials, the mass of special equipment and tools used during construction, and wind loads.
Special loads. Efforts arising during natural disasters, earthquakes, explosions, with a sharp loss of the carrier's ability of one or more loaded assemblies of the rafting system.
Among the special loads - earthquakes and natural disasters

During the determination of the angle of inclination of the roof, the maximum possible combination of loads is taken into account. Both of these parameters affect the thickness and length of the rafter feet. The calculation of the rafter system and the angle of inclination of the skaters is made on the limit states, taking into account all adverse factors.

The maximum deflection and movement of the rafter legs are regulated without dependence on their linear dimensions and should not lead to partial depressurization of the roof. To all types of roofs, regardless of the angle of inclination, such conditions are put forward:

must be guaranteed safe operation of buildings;
the integrity of the design cannot be disturbed even during short-term peak loads;
the appearance of the roof should not change the entire period of operation.

In this case, each requirement must be performed regardless of others. The limit values \u200b\u200bof the deflection of the rafter are limited to the operational characteristics of roofing materials. If the regulatory values \u200b\u200bdo not have a noticeable effect on the appearance, they are not corrected.

Practical advice. It is much easier to ensure the integrity of the roof roofing pie not due to an increase in the strength of the rafting system, but by using special design compensators.

In the whole globe there are thousands and thousands of architectural traditions in terms of the appearance of the roofs. But modern architects completely changed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe culture of country construction by entering single-skate forms of roofs as perfectly combined with landscape design and diverse performed. Of course, they asked this new fashionable tone of the inhabitants of Australia, where the lack of snow in general as a natural phenomenon allows them to create with the architecture of residential buildings all that fantasy is prejuitive.

But in the snow regions of Russia, such a roof can be built, but with a corresponding bias and in the right direction. In a word, the main parameter of functionality is the angle of inclination of a single-table roof, calculating which we will now teach you.

Step 1. Calculate Permanent and Dynamic Loads

First of all, calculate the load on a single roof. They are customary to share for permanent and dynamic. The first is the weight of roofing, which is always on the roof, installations such as antennas and plates, chimney, etc. Those. All that will be on the roof and day, and at night.

And the dynamic loads, or, as they are also called, variables, are those that come from time to time: snow, hail, man, repair materials and tools. And the wind, which, well, loves to tear one-sided roofs due to their sailboat.

Snow loads

So, if you make a slope of a single-table roof at 30 °, in winter the snow will put on it with a force of 50 kg per square meter. Just imagine that on your roof will sit one person for each meter! Here is such a load.

And if you raise the roof up to above 45 °, the snow is likely to be lingering at all (it also depends on the roofing roughness). But for the middle strip of Russia, where the snowfall is moderate, a single-piece roof is enough to do and in the range of 35-30 °:

The minimum angle that should be so that the snow can go from a single-sided roof itself is 10 °. And the maximum is 60 °, because it makes no sense to make the roof of the roof. The same applies to snow, which is even more clinging for such a roof.

That is why the owners of one-piece household buildings in winter are often taken for a shovel. It saves only the area of \u200b\u200bthe coating: the smaller, the less likely that the snow can get the material.

Wind Loads

But in the windy regions, it is impossible to build roofs with steep slopes at all. For comparison: the slope of a single-table roof at 11 ° is experiencing exactly 5 times more wind power than a 45 ° skate. In view of this, keep in mind that a single roof always make a low part to the leeward side.

Combined loads

And be sure to calculate such a value for a single-piece roof as a combination of the most adverse permanent and temporary loads. Those. The critical point should be able to withstand the rafter system. This, by the way, is often forgotten! Think, here, the snow roof will endure, the wind too ...

And what if you have a different storm and snowfall to get out to the roof? Is the design calculated at the same time on the snow, and on the wind, and at least two people? This is how trouble happens.

Step 2. Select the bias of the roof

The slope of a single-bed roof - in a rather wide range: from 6 ° to 60 °. It all depends on the terrain in which you have gathered to be built: if you need to successfully reset tons of snow every winter, then make the scat abruptly if you plan to protect yourself from the wind - then more canopy. And from many other factors, including aesthetic.

Steep single roofs

The greater the angle of such a roof, the faster the water flows into the gutter. There will be no leaves, nor dirt, and therefore the roofing coating itself will last much longer. In addition, visual aesthetics of selected flexible tiles or metal products are more visible on such a roof, which often plays a big role for the owners.

Low-charted single roofs

The speed of flowing rain and melt water on low-diagnose rods is much lower, and therefore there is a risk of stuffing water, collecting mud and ice jams. Moss quickly develops on such roofs and foliage sticks. Especially if roofing is rough.

As for the rainwater, the main requirement to the roof, so that the water on it is on the melting of snow or after the rain to remain on the surface of the roofing material, and easily rolled. If it has too low bias (for a specific area), the liquid will stand for a long time in all irregularities and seams. And the longer - the more likely it has a chance to penetrate inside and create a lot of problems in the form of damp, spoiled insulation and corrosion of metal elements of the roof:

But, if a big roof of the house rises above such a construction, then nothing terrible:

But it still has its own plus: the less the angle of the tilt of the single-row roof, the greater the geometry of the interior to the traditional cube. And, it means, perceived easier and is used with greater benefit.

Therefore, the lower the angle of inclination of such a roof, the more it is necessary to take care of its waterproofing so that the thahno and rainwater could not penetrate into the rapid system. Therefore, there are already necessary roofing plates like membranes, rolled insulation or solid sheets.

With a standard angle of inclination, one-piece roof is built as:

Minimal Corner Single Roof

Single roof, the angle of which is only 3-5%, often make inversion. Those. Subject to its definite additional loads: go through it, grow on it the garden or even use as an open terrace. Like here:

In addition, at a certain corner, a single roof sends the air flow in the desired direction, exciting precipitation and reducing them. Remember this!

Step 3. Determines with the requirements for a slope

In a functional plan, one-piece roofs are divided into three main types: ventilated, non-ventilated and combined. Consider each option in more detail.

Ventilated design

Such are equipped in closed buildings. As ventilation, the special voids between the insulating layers through which the air, passing, captures the injection droplets from the insulation and makes them out.

If such ventilation is not provided, then the moisture will remain inside the insulation (and it still falls into it, albeit little), and the insulation will begin to dance, deteriorate. And as a result, it will be gradually all the roofing pie.

But the ventilated single-bedroom roof has its own limitations. Thus, the angle of inclination can only be between 5% to 20%, otherwise the air will not be able to effectively pass through the production.

Emerletent design

This type of single-sided roof is the advantage of building on terraces and housekeeping. Usually the angle of such a roof is in the range of only 3-6%, although there are no restrictions on it.

Ventilation in such roofs is not needed because the air indoors without walls or with often open wide doors (as in the case of a garage) and heels well fans, carrying out any water vapor to the street. Which, by the way, and themselves are especially not formed in such buildings:

Combined design

Such roofs combine the device of both previous species. Here the desired bias of the roof is attached due to thermal insulation. It turns out economically, but in the winter it will have to constantly clean the snow.

But the device of such a single-sided roof is already different, because the dynamic is also added to variables and static loads. And usually everything looks like this: from the bottom of the professional flooring, on it - two layers of the insulation and good waterproofing.

The angle of a single-bed roof also depends on parameters such as the type of connection of the rafted to Mauerlat or walls. Let's deal with more details.

Step 4. Calculate the exact drive of the skate

An angle of a single-table roof is called an angle under which the rafters and the roof slide are tilted to the horizontal plane of the ceiling. And we assume seriously to this scheme if you want to provide your roof the correct mechanical strength:

The angle of inclination of the skates is measured as a percentage and degrees. But, if with degrees even more or less understandable (thanks to the school course of geometry), what is interest? Interest is the ratio of the difference in the height of the skate and the cornice to the horizontal of the skate, multiplied by 100.

There is another interesting point: many architects specifically calculate the angular roof angle so that it is equal to the angle of elevation of the Sun in a given area in the middle of spring. Then you can calculate to the millimeter when and what a shadow will be important for planning the terraces in front of the house and other resting places.

Step 5. Limit the circle of choosing roofing

The modern roofing materials are also their requirements for the minimum and maximum angle of inclination of a single-table roof:

Professional flooring: min 8 ° - max 20 °.
Folding roof: min 18 ° - Max 30 °.
Slate: Min 20 ° - Max 50 °.
Soft roof: min 5 ° - Max 20 °.
Metal tile: MIN 30 ° - MAX 35 °.

Of course, the less angle, the more cheaper materials you can apply: rubkeroid, professional flooring and similar to it.

You will be surprised, but specifically for little roofs today are developing the same types of roofing, which is commonly used when tilting at least 30 °. What for? Such is a fashion in Germany, which reached us: a single roof is almost canopy, and the roof is stylish. But how? Simply manufacturers improve the quality of locks, make more an overlap area and carefully think over the protection against dirt. That's all tricks.

Step 6. We are determined with the rafter system

And from the chosen angle of inclination of the roof and planned on its loads, we are determined with the type of fastening rafted to the walls. So, all such species are three: hanging rafters, urban and sliding.

Hanging rafal

Hanging rafters are the only option when the connection must be tough, but for the rafted between the side supports there is no possibility to make support.

Simply put, you only have external bearing walls, and no partitions inside. For example, this is a rather complicated rafter system, and it is necessary to approach its construction with responsibility. The whole problem in large spans and pressure, which turns out to be on the walls:

Or as in this project:

Slopils

Here the whole roof gives a minimum of three supports: two external walls and one inner. And the rafters themselves are tight here, with a cross section of at least 5x5 cm of bars and 5x15 cm of rafter feet.

Sliplings

In this rafter system, as one of the supports serves as a log in a skate. And for connecting to it, such special elements as "sliding" are used. These are metal elements that help the rafter during the shrinkage of the walls a little move forward to avoid cracks. Very little! And thanks to this device, the roof easily transfers even a fairly tangible shrink shrink, without any damage.

The essence is simple: the more in the harrowing system of the nodes, the more flexible and stronger. Moreover, a single-povered roof is able to withstand the weight of the roofing and snow, and at the same time do not break. But there are rapid systems where the connection is generally static:

Step 7. Calculate the height of a single-sided roof

Here are the three most popular ways to accurately calculate the desired height of the future roof.

Method number 1. Geometric

A single roof has a view of a rectangular triangle. The length of the rafter foot in this triangle is hypotenuse. And how do you remember from the school year of geometry, the hypotenuse length is equal to the root of the square of the cathets.

Method number 2. Trigometric

Another option for calculating the length of the rafter feet is:

Denote by the length of the rafter beams.
Denote by the length of the rafter from the wall to the skate, or the length of the part of the wall in this area (if the walls of your construction of different heights).
Denote the length of the rafted from the skate to the edge of the opposite wall.

In this case, B \u003d a * TGY, where y is the angle of inclination of the roof, and the length of the skate is calculated as follows:

X \u003d a / sin y

In fact, all this is not difficult - just substitute the desired values, and you will get all the parameters of the future roof.

Method number 3. Online calculators

Calculated? And now we turn to the construction of the roof itself:

We hope that you understand everything easily!