Nodes and construction of rafting systems. Strong roof: the rafting roof system and its views. IV. Fastening of each rafted to Mauerlat

The main obstacle to the beginners of developers, even if we are talking about a simple roof, may become a lack of knowledge that such a sling system. How to perform them to get a durable, reliable and stable roof?

The beginning of the design of the pitched roof is the selection of the rafter system, which should perform the functions of the supporting structure. The type of structures is determined based on the type of roof.

In one case, rafters are bars or boards, acting as a "skeleton" of the roof, which holds the weight of the insulation and roofing material. In the other, they can be composite, and are assembled from individual elements known as rafting legs.

Board and bars must pass a special impregnation - fire and antiseptic. The better it will be fulfilled, the longer they will serve.

Composite frames are divided into two types: Current and hanging. Selecting a specific system, in addition to the architectural preferences of the owners, depends on some roof parameters:
- its functionality
- the number of tests of the loads, including the climatic features related to the region.
Hanging rafters of intermediate supports do not have, therefore, create a significant driving force, which in the horizontal plane is transmitted to the walls. To reduce it, the tightening (wooden or metallic) is used, which, connecting the legs, completes the triangular design. Feet in it work on bending and compression. The tightening can be located at the base, and serves in this case the beam of the overlap (this option is more common when the attic device), or above.

What is the arrangement of the tightening above, it is, on the one hand, should be more powerful, and on the other, it is more reliable to be connected to the rapid legs.

The urban species are arranged in homes having an average carrier wall or bar intermediate supports. They are based on their ends on the outer walls, the middle part - on the support or the inner wall. As a result, elements work on the principle of beams - only bending. The weight of the rafter system in the case of the sound with the same width of the house is less: it takes less sawn timber, therefore, and cash costs.

If a single roofing design is installed over several spars, the hanging and utility farms can be alternate: for sites without intermediate supports - they set the hanging, where there are consistent.

How to install a truly system

One of the conditions for the reliability of the future structure is the correct device for fastening the rafter system.

The slots of the pitched roof usually have the fastest three points of the support. Their number may vary depending on the size of the span. With a width of the span up to 10 m, one additional support is necessary, with large values, their number increases.
The design of the hanging also depends on the width of the span. If it is small, the tightening is usually replaced by the rigel. With an increase in the span, the tightening starts to sag, and the legs will be fed.

For the magnitude of the span
up to 9 m, hanging rafters are supported by a grandmother - a special vertical timber. The ends of the legs are attached to its upper end with the help of a bracket or clamps, a stitch with a tight - clamp.
up to 13 m - the strengthening is carried out using a sub-vehicle. The upper ends are relying in the leg, and its length between the supports should not be more than 5.5 m, and the bottom - in the grandmother.
up to 17 meters of feet in the lower part are reinforced by means of a suspension, for the top - use a shrothel system: the tightening is fixed to two bars and set between them the rigle.

How to fix rafters

Whether the replacement of the rafter system is carried out or it is mounted in a new house, you should follow certain rules.

A simple fastening of the leg and beams can be even devastating - when creating pressure on the rafter, its end begins to slide on the beam, which leads to the destruction of the roof .

To avoid sliding and ensure reliability, use the following types of compounds:
- tooth with spike
- tooth with focus
- focus on the end of the beam.
It is possible to use two teeth - it depends on the angle of inclination. For additionally, metal corners are also used to attach to this compound.

Basic roof frame nodes

Mounting knot to beam
- In the heel of the rafters, the tooth with a spike is made, the stop with a corresponding socket for spikes is cut out.
- The depth of the nest is about 25-30% of the beam thickness.
- Swords are performed at a distance of 0.25-0.4 m, starting the edge of the beam, which hangs.
- A single tooth is executed, as a rule, together with a spike that does not allow the shift of the Block. Therefore, such a compound is called "tooth with a spike and emphasis."
In the case of a hollow of the roof, the angle of inclination is less than 35 °, the rafting legs are installed so that the reference area to the beam increases. To do this, we use a word with two teeth:
- two spikes;
- emphasis with spike and without;
- two spikes in the castle.
All connections in the design are performed using fasteners:
- metal - screws, nails, bolts with washers, various corners;
- wooden - bars, triangular linings (slaves), spikes.
To Mauerlat:

There are two technologies according to which.

Rigid - in this embodiment, the ability to completely eliminate any structures (shifts, turns, bends, twists) between these structural elements. To achieve this result:
- when attaching, use corners with a stitched reference bar;
- the saddle (washed) is performed on the leg, the resulting connection is additionally fixed with wire, nails and brackets. Nails are nails from sides, towards each other at an angle (they are cross in the Mauerlat), then the third nail in the vertical position is clogged. This is a more common attachment method.
Sliding (hinged)- such a conjugation having two levels of freedom is achieved through the use of a special fastener, which provides an opportunity for one of the mating elements to move freely (as defined).

The following variants of the sling and Maurolalat can be distinguished:
- it is carried out, after which it rafters was laid on Mauerlat:
- elements are combined by two nails towards each other;
- connected by one nail, which is nourished vertically from top to bottom into the body of the base of the base through the leg;
- alternative nails can serve steel plates with holes for nails;
- fasten boards to Mauerlat with a bracket;
- produced a rafter foot behind the wall and perform single fixation with fastening plates;
- use special steel fasteners - "Salazki".
In all these cases, foot stop in Mauerlat is ensured, but in advance, the elements of the system have the ability to move relative to each other.

Such a pairing is especially important for wooden houses erected from a bar or logs, which over time underwent shrinkage. The use of hard conjugation can cause disturbance of the integrity of the walls.

The rafter system is "floating" or rigidly fixed. Floating is attached on special brackets that allow the wooden frame to "Sit" simultaneously with the shrinkage of the frontones and does not allow them to hang over the skate log.

Knot of the skate compound

Connection methods in the skunk part - three.

Jack
The upper edge of the rafter is cut under the same angle as the angle of inclination of the roof, rest in the desired raftered on the opposite side, it must also be cropped. Crimping the corners usually do on the template. Two nails (150 ") or more are used for fixing under the skate. One nail at an angle is clogged into the upper plane of the first and second rafters, they should enter the contrary. The skim joint is additionally strengthened by imposing on it a wooden lining or a metal plate, which is attracted by bolts or nails.

In any building, the main elements that the maximum load falls out is the foundation, walls and roof. The quality of the installation of the roof depends largely on whether or not, the device of the rafter system is performed. If the attachment nodes of the rafter system do not meet certain requirements, then such a roof will not last the minimum operational period without repair work.

Requirements for the rafter system

The rafter system of any roof must comply with such important requirements as:

Maximum rigidity. Any frame knot must withstand load, without exposing the deformation or displacement. The triangle obtained at the arrangement of the rafter system should provide stiffness of the structure, and its maximum stability;
Optimal weight. Depending on the roofing material, the material is selected for rafters. Usually choose a wooden bar, but metal can also be used for heavy roofs.
Important! To prevent damage to rafters, their rotting and formation of fungus on wood, it is treated with an antiseptic, and metal structures - anti-corrosion compositions.
High quality materials used. Wood used as rafting legs should not have cracks and chips.

Varieties of rafter systems

The roof can be equipped with one of the types of the rafter system, which there are only two:

Hanging rafters;
Slot rafters.

Hanging rafter system

Such a system is optimal in the case of a bounce roof, when the amount of the span between the walls is no more than 6 meters, but when installing additional elements, it is also applicable for wider opening options. The bottom base for the support serves Mauerlat, the upper part of the design rests on each other. Such a design also contains a tightening - necessary to remove the load from the walls, due to the reduction of the string. Beam tightening are installed from the bottom of the rafter and can perform the functions of the ceiling beams.

Attention! The role of the tightening may not necessarily perform a wooden bar, it can be the overlap of reinforced concrete structures, which the upper floor is equipped in some homes.

If the tightening is located above the lower part of the rafter system, then it is called the Rigel. To the important points of the arrangement of the rafter system of this type can be attributed:

It should not be allowed that the roofing swelling relies on the lower part of the rafter feet, which are outlined beyond the walls. In such a situation, it is best to use the Film (the width of the sink is set within the same meter). With this arrangement, the rafter will rely on Mauerlat. The bruse section for the ficker is selected smaller than for rafters;
To give the roof of additional stiffness, and prevent its tenting and destruction by strong wind gusts, a wind board is nailed on the skate, to Mauerlat from the skate;
With humidity of the material used for the arrangement of the rafter system of more than 18%, the blatacity should be provided, which will cause a gradual drying of wood. That is why fasteners should be carried out by bolts or screws, and not nails.

Slopile System

Such arrangement is applicable to roofs with distances between walls from 10 meters (maximum 16 meters). The bias can be performed at any angle, and inside the building there are bearing walls or supporting columns. From above for rafted, the main support is the skunk run, and the Maurylalat is performed below. Support for the internal run is carried out or inner wall, or rack. Due to the presence of only the vertical type of load, the need for montage of tightening disappears.

With a 16-meter span, the replacement of the rode of the skate is performed by two side structures, the support for which will serve as a rack.

Important! The lack of bends of the rafter feet is provided by such nodes as the soot and riglels.

Special attention to the arrangement of the roof using the rafter system of the utility type should be paid to such nuances:

Features of calculating the rafter system of the bone roof are shown in the video:

Main nodes of rafter systems

The main nodes of the rafter system of the roof can be attributed:

Rafters. They perform the function of the skeleton, providing support for the internal and external elements of the roof, and also serve as the basis for laying communications;
Maurylalat. This is a kind of roofing foundation, which is a beam on which the entire design is installed. It performs an important function - a uniform distribution of the load of the entire structure;
Run. It is intended for fastening the rafting legs and can be located both from above and side;
Tightening. Serves for fixing rafters at the bottom of the structure;
Slopes and racks. Provide the maximum stable arrangement of rafting beams;
Konk. Place of connection of roofing rods;
Fakes. This is the continuation of the rafter feet, which are sometimes equipped;
Rigel. Necessary for high-quality and reliable support of carrier elements;
Sill. The transverse timber required for the load distribution.

In addition to the elements listed, the design includes the assemblies of the terminal roofing system. When they are fulfilled, it is necessary to comply with certain rules.

Important! Perform a simple fastening of the base to the crossbar is categorically not worth it, as this can lead to the complete destruction of the rafter system.

These types of fixtures should be used:

Focusing on the end of the crossbar;
Teeth in the emphasis;
Teeth in spike.

Choosing the number of teeth should be selected depending on the slope of the skate, and the additional reliability of the structure can be created using the metal corners.

Description of the main fasteners for mounting the rafter system

If during the construction of the house, a rounded log or a bar was used, then it is not necessary to create armoomas. They produce on the top bar either on the wall log. With this purpose, the compounds of Mauerlat with rafters apply different ways of writing (s).

What fasteners are fixed metal rafters:

Plates.
Fasteners LK.
Corners.
WW brackets.
Samores.
Varieties of the corner of the cr.
Wire screeds.
Mounting ribbon perforated TM.
Bolts with nuts.
WW brackets.

If the brackets are used when connecting rafters with Mauerlat, their inserts on rafters are not produced, which helps to strengthen the bearing capacity. Typically produce metal brackets, and the metal is galvanized and has a thickness size of 0.2 cm. Brackets are strengthened with nails, anchor bolts or screws.

You can use the LK mounting element, creating attachment nodes not only rafters with Mauerlat, but also other different elements that make up the structural design. The LK fastener is strengthened to wood, like brackets, and the exception will be the use of anchor types of bolts.

The mounting perforated tape allows you to enhance the connecting nodes when the roofing systems are erected. It is used not only to create more durable nodes, but also to strengthen elements for additional use in order to impart stiffness or the strength of the system as a whole. Fasten the perforated mounting tape with screws or nails, so it is used in order to enhance the design of the system of rafters of any roof, the integrity of which will not be violated.

Using corners of the Kyrgyz Republic and their different modifications, the attachment nodes are enhanced so that they can effectively participate when connecting Mauerlat and rafters. Ensuring the appropriate strength of the roof nodes is permissible when using corners, which makes it possible to increase the bearing characteristics of the roofing design.

The use of connecting elements from metal is not associated with the insertion of the corners into the roofing system. It will not be the reason for lowering the bearing capacity of the roofing system. Applying corners for the compound can be used with screws or nails whose protrusions resemble the ears.

How do nodes connect in the skunk part?

There are three main types of fastening in the skate parts of the roofing system:

Job connection.
Fastening based on the skate run.
Skaling jack Vangest.

In order to fasten the first way, clip the skate part from the top edge at an angle, which is the same with the corner of the roof of the roof. Then he be rests in the required rafter, which should also be cropped at an angle, but from the opposite side of the roof. For trimming, the corners sometimes use a special template.

Nails for connecting rafted under the skate should be 150 mm and more, they need two pieces. Each nail is clogged into the rafters in their upper part at the appropriate angle. The sharp end of the nailing nail usually enters the sling slots from the opposite sides. Strengthening the skate joint can be achieved by applying plates from metal on the side or a wooden lining so that it is enough to pull it with bolts or nails.

The connection in the second way, that is, through the ski run, is associated with the strengthening of the rafted on the skate bar. The run is one of the additional supporting beams or brusons, which is a backup of rafters. It is located parallel to the skate or Mauerlat. The method differs from the previous one by the fact that there is a ski beam between rafters that cut at an angle, which is a time-consuming process, therefore this method is used less often.

A method is more common, which is similar to the first, but it differs in the way that the fastening is made by the bracket, and the joint method is not applied. The rafters should come into contact with the ends, and not side surfaces. Step rafters should be bolt or stud, nails. This connection is applied by many masters in practice.

In general, it is possible to install rafters on Mauerlat by creating structures of roofing rafting systems, which are spacer or failing. This determines the choice of the corresponding method of compounding Mauerlat and rafters, which can be similar to the skate.

Basic shortcomings when installing the assembly of the rafter system

The problem of choosing a method for fastening the rafting system to the structure of the structure is very important when creating mounting nodes. Often, when creating nodes, Mauerlat serves as a support for the rafter. Mounting of the Mauerlat Brous is carried out "tight" with the help of anchor bolts to the reinforced belief of rigidity.

A possible flaw is an independent belt belt, which can lead to the tipping of the Mauerlat vehicle and a disturbance of the stability of the roofing line system. The roof is loosened, and the roof is slipping. Due to the erroneous placement of anchor bolts or incorrectly performed holes, the mount is already ineffective.

If the nuts are screwed down with bolts, the attachment assembly becomes fragile and exposed to ravous destruction. To create an attachment node, a wire twist is sometimes used.

During the construction of the rafter system, the safety of the compounds should be observed.

For example, if the rafter design is combined with overlapping without taking into account the carrying capacity of the attic of the attic, then this is the most dangerous moment that may result in the destruction of the construction.

If the tightening is changed to the precast floor beam, intended for bending, the use of precast concrete beams should be effective due to their rigid fixing in the reinforced belt of the overlap rigidity, which is arranged using the reinforcement frame. Its axis should go in one direction with the current forces.

At the same time, the presence of shortcomings in the process of creating a rafter system, which is a carrier wooden overlap design, often occurs due to the misunderstanding of functions performed by tightening and the rigel in the entire roofing system. The tightening is different from the reiguel by the fact that it is a longitudinal, and the beam is a transverse beam.

The construction of the rafter system is associated with the creation of a spacer system operating on the principle of discrepancies at the bottom of the planes, which occurs under the influence of not only their own weight, but also the load that falls on the line intersection of the planes, which should interfere with the transverse beam, that is, the tightening.

Getting Started with the roof device, you should find out all the moments associated with the assignment of certain errors that occur when performing work on the device of the solo system. The device roofing is associated with possible difficulties and shortcomings that do not allow to achieve the goal.

Mauerlat is one of the main elements of roofing design. It is fastened to attach rafters. The operational period of the entire roof depends on the qualitative creation of the rafter design.

Basic ways of supporting rafters

There are several support technologies raftered on Mauerlat. You can make rigid fixation of the structure. It does not allow any shift of the rafter foot. To do this, take advantage of a liner bar, thanks to which the slipping of the rafter is prevented at the place of reference, and metal corners that eliminate any side shift design.

The moving connection of the rafter foot is used in wooden houses. Moreover, the main element for its stop is the upper crown, and not Mauerlat. To prevent damage to the roof, the support knot is made as free as possible. To do this, use the sliding support, which, when shrinking, the log is subjected to displacement by the guide on the foot.

A sliding support node can be performed by other technology. In the rafters, it was made, which should be brought to the upper wand. For fixing the beams, it is permissible to use any fasteners: brackets, nails or steel plates.

Fasteners for installation work

To high quality connect nodes of rafters with Mauerlat, you will need materials and tools such as:

dry bar;
boards;
ax;
hacksaw;
a hammer;
roulette;
plumb;
level;
screwdriver;
drill;
bulgarian.

Special attention should be paid to the presence of all fasteners. The fixation of beam consoles occurs with galvanized steel beam brackets, which do not reduce the carrying capacity of the structure. Brackets in the beams do not need to be embedded.

You need to buy and perforated mounting tape, which will strengthen the Maurolalat nodes. With its help, a solid connection of all structural elements is performed. The tape is also not crashed into the beams. For its reliable fixation, nails and self-tapping screws are applied.

In addition to the brackets and perforated tape, to carry out reliable support, rafters should be purchased to Mauerlat:

universal bar connectors;
fasteners for rafters;
mortgage supports;
wire-rod;
steel corners;
racking fasteners;
self-tapping screw;
nails;
brackets;
plates;
galvanized nails;
studs with washers and nuts;
anchor bolts.

Creating a skate and setting the bottom of the rafted

Mounting work begin with the skunk part of the roofing design. Mounting rafters can be carried out in one of three ways:

jack;
on run;
vangest.

The jack design involves cutting the upper part of the rafter. This is done at an angle, which is equal to the inclination of the roofing slope. A pair of foot is on the skate. To obtain the same support node, the Maurolalat elements should be used by the finished template.

A feature of fixation rafters on a run is the presence of a skunk beam. This option of arrangement of Mauerlat is characterized by increased reliability. But often such a system of supporting rafters involves the installation of additional reference structures, which will reduce the functionality of the attic. Naturally, this method is not suitable for small roofs.

Mounting technology rafted Vanzlest is largely similar to their installation on the skate run. The main difference is the compound of the top of the legs take place. This leads to a strong design of the structure, since the studs hold two elements at once.

The connection of the lower ends of the rafter is carried out depending on the material of the construction of walls. In the presence of wooden house-building, the topping of the wall can act as a supporting element. If a foam blocks (or aerated concrete) were used during the construction of the house, then the support of the rafter was produced on Mauerlat.

The device of the reinforced concrete belt is the optimal solution in the case of the use of masonry building materials. Such technology does not provide for creating any methods for fixing the rafter system. Vertically located anchor bolts protrude as fastening elements. The main thing is that with the pouring of the concrete solution, the studs were located in a strictly vertical position.

Connection rafted with beams and mauerlat

After fixing the upper and lower part of the rafter, they should be fixed to the beams. It is clear that you can connect rafters with a beam just nails. But it is not the best solution. Such a fastening will not be as reliable as possible. To prevent slipping all elements, the fixation of the rafter design to beams occurs by using the "spike" and "tooth" connections.

In the presence of a steep roof slide (more than 35º), there is no technology with a single tooth. In the lower part of the rafter, a tooth with a spike is made. The nests created in the beam should have a depth at a level of 30% of the thickness of the beam. The device of the rafter compounds is carried out at a distance of 0.3-0.4 m from the extreme part of the beam. This prevents the appearance of chips of beams resulting from a large load from the pressure of the legs.

When adjusting the roof with an inclination to 35º, the set of rafters is made by expanding the interface area of \u200b\u200bthe main structural elements. Typically, the rapid leg is overlapped with beam. To this end, the holes for two teeth are cut into the rafter foot:

spike with focus;
another emphasis.

Dropper depth when fixing rafters to the beam is within 30% of the thickness of the beam.

More qualitative connections can be obtained if you use bolts or clamps. Such technology involves the use of wire loops, with the help of which the node is fixed to the anchor bolts located in the wall wall.

Opportuning on Maurylalat is the most common option for fixing the bottom of the rafted. In the rafter foot, a cut-out of this size is being made so that it can be put on the Mauerlat without any problems. Otherwise, during the operation of the roof, the bar can occur.

In some cases, Mauerlat should be "equipped with" reverse notch. It depends on the tree of wood, from which the timber is made. If hardwood wood was used for its production, then a slot is made, which in combination with a sling of the rafter will create a locking element. In the manufacture of a bruse of a coniferous tree, cutout will not be required, as it will lead to a weakening of the structure.

The most acceptable option for Mauerlat is a rigid pairing of the rafter system.

This technology can be performed in one of two ways:

with the help of stitched bars and corners made of metal;
by device, the saddles on the rafters.

The first option lies in the fact that for placing a rafter to Mauerlat uses a reference timber. It makes rigid support for the rafter foot. Reliable fixation of the design is carried out by metal corners. This prevents cross-shift design.

The second option is more popular. For fasteners, nails are used, which are sent to each other and clogged at an angle. Two clogged nails are cross. After that, another nail is driven. The third nail must be located in a vertical position. The fastened assembly will be characterized by maximum rigidity, if you make an additional fastening with wire-rod wire.

At the beginning of the planning of the attic roof, the rafters system is selected, which performs the role of the reference structure. The required type of rafter system is determined based on the roof type.

Depending on the selected system, it can be wooden bars used as a roofing frame, which restrain the composite building materials of the entire design, or specific elements that create supports called rapid legs. Before starting work, wooden components are impregnated with special compositions that protect the roof from ignition and rotting. The durability of the roof depends on the quality of the implementation of this procedure.

Varieties of rafter systems and the device of their nodes

The rafter system is divided into two main types: Current and. Since the compound nodes in each of the systems have different characteristics, a certain type of rafters is selected, based on the properties of the preferred roof, including its architectural features.

The main factors when choosing the desired type of system:

the overall functionality of the roof;
pressure power of roofing materials for construction;
the prevalence and frequency of atmospheric precipitation in the territory where the house is located.

The hanging type has no supports located in the intervals. For this reason, a reinforced space occurs, transmitted to the walls of the structure horizontally. To reduce this indicator, the support node is introduced a protracted element of wood or metal designed to combine the rafter feet. Thus, the knots of hanging rafters acquire the shape of the triangle. The protracted element is placed at the bottom of the legs, it performs the function of the crossbar (most often used in the bartal structures of the roof) and runs on bending and compression. From the height of the protracted element depends the connection strength with the base of the supports.

The urban type of rafter is often placed in buildings, where there is a central support column or carrier wall. The rafters rests on the limbs in the sides of the construction, and the central part falls on the column or another support inside the house. Such a design unit is designed for flexible functioning. Curvas supports create a smaller load on the components of the construction, so their installation is not so time-consuming, as in the case of hanging rafyles. In addition, it does not require large material expenses.

There are also options for arranging the roofs that combine both types of rafters. In this case, each type alternates, that is, zones without bearing walls are equipped with hanging rafters, and areas with the necessary supports - ulissions.

Competent arrangement of the rafter system

The main factor in the high strength of the roof in the future building is the competent arrangement of all nodes and reference points.

In the case of urban rafters for the attic roof, no less than 3 reference points are assumed. This value may change if the magnitude of the span exceeds the standard norms. For example, if the magnitude of the span is not more than 10 m, only one additional support will be required.

The hitch of hanging support is assembled based on the size of the span.On small spans, the protracted element is most often replaced by the rigle. At large sizes of the span, the protracted elements are saved, and the supports go bend.

Thus, the hits of the hanging type can have the following differences in the size of the span:

Figure 1. Mauserat device diagram.

9 m. Supports must be kept with a wooden bar installed perpendicular to the attic floor. In the base area, it is strengthened with brackets, and the protracted elements are attached to special clamps.
13 m. Fasteners are carried out with the help of a pump, which the top rests on the base, and the lower part in the perpendicular bar. The interval between supports should not be more than 5.5 m.
17 m. The basis must be increased by special devices. For the tops, a shpregel structure is used: the protracted elements are attached to two wooden bars, and the riglel is mounted between them.

Methods of fastening nodes

Regardless of whether the existing rafter system is required or its erection from scratch, it is necessary to comply with a specific set of rules when fastening its nodes.

First of all, the simplest fastener of the crossbar and the base of the support should be avoided, as this can have a devastating effect on the entire roofing system.

Figure 2. Fastening the rafting leg to Mauerlat.

In other words, from the load created by building materials or atmospheric precipitates, the ends of the supports are scorpped, and the soling system is damaged. This leads to its full collapse. To prevent such an outcome, it is necessary to increase the reliability of these nodes. This is achieved with the following types of fixtures:

teeth in spike;
teeth focus;
focus on the end of the crossbar.

Depending on the slope, you can use one or two teeth. To increase the reliability of the connection, you can create an additional fastener with a metal corner.

Fastening nodes of roofing crate

The main assemblies of the attachment of the rafter system are:

beam;
mauerlat;
sking.

Boy knot fastening

Figure 3. Scheme of the skate connection of the rafter system.

In the rafter foot, the teeth are created in the spike, and the socket is cut in the crossbar, which corresponds to the cut-off tooths. In this case, the nest must occupy no more than 30% of the entire thickness of the crossbar.

If there is lightweight materials when building a roof, and its bias is less than 35 °, the bases of the supports are placed so that their area of \u200b\u200bthe stop is significantly more beam. This can be achieved by applying the insert with two teeth of 2 spikes, focusing (using or without spike), as well as two spikes in the lock.

System nodes are attached to either methms with metal corners, or wood bars, lining and spikes.

Mauerlat attachment knot

There are 2 technologies of Mauerlat fasteners supports: hard and sliding (Fig. 1).

In the first case, a strong connection is established between the rafters and Mauerlat without the possibility of slipping, deflection and popping. This is achieved by placing special corners with a support bar. The formed node must be made by reliable wire with hardware. Nails are clogged under a certain inclination in the side so that in Mauerlate they are in crossed state. The last nail is nailed vertically. This method is the most popular.

In the second case, the mount is carried out using a special mechanism that allows a specific element (in this case, the rafter moves in the desired direction (Fig. 2).

To create such a compound, you will need to perform inserts on the supports, and then lay them on Maurylalat. As in the previous case, both parts of the node are fixed using two crossed nails and one vertical from above. Mauerlata boards are fixed with metal brackets. After that, the support base is released over the wall and fastens with the help of plates and sled. Thus, the emphasis goes to Mauerlat, but all components of the rafter system can move in permissible limits.

This method is most often used in the construction of a roofing system of wooden buildings (logs, log houses), which is characterized by sedimentation. It is worth remembering that when hardly fastened is the likelihood of damage to the walls of the structure.

Skown fastening assembly

Such a node can be created by two methods: jack and braziness (Fig. 3).

The first method implies pruning the tops of the supports under the same tilt as the roof angle. They are drunk in opposite supports, which also need to be cut. The mount is created using two nails (150 mm), clogged from above at a certain angle, so that they are properly located inside each rafter. To increase the reliability of the seams between the supports are sealed with wooden plates or metal plates.

The second method is the most popular. From the first method, its docking method is distinguished. At the same time, supports are connected by non-ends, but by side parts, after which they are fixed on the bolts.

The construction of rafters is a skeleton of the roofs, obliged to take on itself and evenly distribute the weight of roofing materials. If you correctly assemble the wooden bones under the insulation, the waterproofing film and the finishing coating, it will turn out to achieve a noticeable increase in the lifting capacity of the rafter system.

The main elements of the rafter system

Wooden roof frame is collected from such parts as:

maurylalat is a kind of base for the elements of the roof, attached throughout the perimeter of the building to the upper edge of the outer walls to dispel the pressure of the roofing cake;
Maurylalat serves as the basis for the roof frame
stropile legs are an indispensable details of a wooden roof bone, determining the angle of slope and the top of the top of the house;
the skunk run - the bar, fixed in a horizontal position and, like a spine connecting all the rafters of the roof frame in their upper part;
Rock run is located exactly in the middle of the building
the side run is a horizontal bar, which differs from the skate run by the fact that it is fixed in the middle of the rafter feet of each roof slope;
the tightening is a strut that combines two opposite rafters so that they do not drive around;
Tightening and saws are necessary for the correct load distribution on Mauerlat
racks - vertical frame elements placed under the skate and side runs in order to support rafters and a skate bar, and also, if there is a need substituted under the middle part of the rafter feet;
Racks can support not only roofing, but also rafters
troops - details resting in the litter, due to which the rafting legs become more stable;
liezer - a ram, placed on the top edge of the inner wall of the building parallel to the skate and an employee of the platform for attaching racks and pods;
Lanta is located on the inner wall parallel to Brusa Mauerlat
the roof rustle is the combination area of \u200b\u200btwo slopes, along which a solid dry thing is installed, necessary to harden the described part of the roof;
Cracker is formed in the highest zone of the rafter system
falkets - elements used in the arrangement of the sink, when the rafter legs are not sufficiently long;
Falcs lengthen the rafter legs
svet roof - a wooden frame zone that protects the walls of the house from contact with a large amount of precipitation;
Carnival Svea constructs to protect the walls from the rain
grubel - bars or boards, navigable perpendicular to the rafters and employees of the platform for fastening roofing materials.
Grubel boards lay out perpendicular to the rafters

Main connecting nodes

The main nodes of the rafter system are:

the rafter farm is a compound of a rafter pair, stretching, as well as racks and squeaks;
the ski knot is the combination of two opposite rafters;
the link from Mauerlat and the rafted resting on it;
a module that includes a run, rack and liter;
the connection of the rafted with a podcope and stalk.

The most complex link of the roof frame, as the author believes, is a rafter farm, which is characterized by the fact that:

The ski knot also has several features:

The rafters and Mauerlat become a single link for which the following is characteristic:

The module from the run, rack and chunk form, driven by the construction stackers, steel bent or pads from steel strips.

A knot from a bitter, rack and run allows you to divide the load between the external and inner walls of the building

Slopes, racks and rafters are collected into a single module, creating cutting down. In order for their connection to be no weak, construction brakes are used.

The node from the ducts, racks and rafters allows you to soften the pressure on the inner wall of the house

Methods of fastening timber

At the bottom of the rafter can be connected both with Mauerlat and with beams of overlapping. Sometimes, for example, when frame construction, they are fixed directly on the wall. And in the upper part of the rafter legs combine with a skate. Each indicated node can be created in several ways.

Connection with Mauerlatom

Hard attachment rafters on Mauerlat ensures the absence of any node elements offset. It is performed by writing in a specific sequence:

To accelerate work from a piece of blackboard or thick cardboard make a template. The billet is carried out with a line by retreating the distance from the side edge equal to 1/3 of the rafting width, and then the point of fitting to the Maurolalate bruster, according to which the second line is drawn, perpendicular to the first.
If the width of the rafter is more than 200 mm, then it was repaid at a depth of 70 mm
At the angle of inclination of the roofing rod, the template is substituted to the edge of the Mauerlalate, following the point marked on a piece of wood, there is strictly opposite the corner of the bar. There are two features from her pencil - vertical and horizontal, as a result of which a triangle is obtained on the workpiece, which neatly cut down.
The manufactured pattern is evaluated on the correctness, planting on Maurylalat in several places. If the grooved the grooves turned out to be less or more than you need, then the leafs are re-made, correcting the assumed error.
The template is put on a horizontally located raftered. The triangle in the lecture will diverge the pencil. The same makes with other rapid legs. At the same time, the horizontal line of the groove in the lecture can be in the same place of the rafter. Otherwise, the excavation will be created at different distances from the skate.
The triangles drawn on the rafters are cut by manual hacksaw. The tool act does not rush, so as accidentally not increase the depth of the groove in the rapid leg. Possessing the skills of working with an electric saw, the recess can be done by this device. True, it should be borne in mind that a tool running from the power grid is much worse than the hands listening to and is able to go away.
Triangular drink allows the rafter to rest in Mauerlat
The correctness of the size of the grooves made is tested by lecture. When inconsistencies are detected, the recess is adjusted with hacksaw.
To the top of the house put two extreme rafal legs. Thes of them are inserted into Mauerlat, fixing with metal sides with metal corners or brackets.
At the bottom edge between the two installed elements, stretch the rope. Then the remaining rafting legs are attached to Mauerlat.

The technology of fastening the rafter feet to the Mauerlate stripes of a stubborn bar can take a note builders without experience. With this method of creating a node, as the author of the article noted, there is an opportunity to change the position of the rafted until it becomes completely correct.

To connect the main elements of the roofing frame with Mauerlat, the stripe of a stubborn bar do the following:

When building a roof frame for a wooden log house, which always gives a shrinkage, prefer to use a sliding method of fastening rafters on Mauerlat. Thanks to him, it is possible to avoid deformation of the rafter design and deterioration of the sustainability of the top row of a brica, which replaces Maurylalat.

The choice of sliding rafters is justified only when the key bar is provided for the main elements of the roof frame, in which they could lean their upper part.

When the rafters are fixed on Mauerlate with a moving method, take certain steps:

The utilization method of fastening rafters to Mauerlat is taken to armared when the purchased lumber turned out to be shorter than necessary. Also, this method of fixing the main elements of the rafting system is used during the repair of the roof of a complex configuration.

When fixing the rafted on Mauerlate, only 3 tasks are performed by the utility method:

Video: Set rafal

Combining with overlap beams

Carnate rafters to the beams of overlapping, you can only confident that the walls of the building will withstand the pressure frame of the roof. Still, in the absence of Mauerlat, the load on the house is not uniform, but point.

Without fear and doubts, the rafters are attached to the beams of overlapping, if they build a light roof roof. At the same time, the ceiling beams use the boards with a cross section of 5x15 cm.

The rafters are connected not with the Mauerlat, but with the attic beams, if they know exactly what they will withstand the pressure rendered

To firmly consolidate the rafter legs on the beams of overlapping, the following tasks perform:

Fastening to the wall

If, on some reasons, the rafter has to be fixed directly on the walls, they will necessarily need to be connected to the tightening. She, as personally was convinced by the author of the article, helped build a roof of the economic premises, remove a part of the voltage transmitted by rapid legs from the house.

In no case cannot be directly connected to the outer walls of the building if they are built of foam or gas blocks. These materials freely transmit their moisture wood and are unable to keep fasteners.

On the wall of the rafter can be fixed by the moving method, but this is not the most reasonable decision

To reliably fix the rafting legs on the walls, it is necessary to take certain measures:

Under the desired angle, made on the rafters washed with one tooth.
To install rafters on the walls and drive in them for a nail 10-12 cm long.
If necessary, on the sides of the rafter to attach metal corners.

Since the roof rustle is experiencing a serious pressure of the entire rafting system, the roofers with extensive experience create a skunk node five ways: jack, on beam, flask, in the groove, in Polterev.

To create a skunk knot, connecting the opposite rafters of the jack, do the following:

When attaching rafters onto the beam, or rather, the special skate run, act in a special way:

When the rafters are connected to the beam, the horse is obtained not pointed, but flat.

If the ski knot is to do, fastening the rafted out, then you will need to perform several simple tasks:

To connect the rafter feet to the ski unit with a groove, several skillful carpentry performs:

By choosing the connection method of the rafter in Polterev, do the following:

Video: Construction of roof skeleton with connection rafted by a skate run

It is not necessary to start the construction of the rafter system until it is possible to understand the features of the attachment of the rafted to other elements of the roof structures. By the way, among the various ways to fix the rafter feet there are options not only for experienced builders.

The rafted is the most essential part of the roofing skeleton. The legs of the rafter transmit to the rear to Maurylalat and carrying walls of the house. What is the quality of the entire rafting system and the roof in general depend on? Experts remind that the reliability of any roofing structure will depend, first of all, from the quality of fastening rafters to Mauerlat. What principles and the features of this process should know every beginner builder and how to attach rafters to Mauerlata with their own hands, you will learn right now.

Fastening rafters to Mauerlat: Some "Matchy"

To begin with, we suggest to consider the illustration on which two types of rafter systems are shown:

The place of attachment of the rafter foot with the basis is called a support node. There are many such nodes in the system, but we will touch in detail the lower fasteners of the frame with rafters. Maurylalat and rafting legs are almost always made of wood, less often - from metal. The tree is more profitable and more convenient, since this material is easy by weight, easy to install and durable with proper installation and operation.

Types of support nodes in hardness

Support nodes - places in which rafters is attached to the roof elements:

In the case of iron connections, nodes are fixed, rigid (welding or bolts). Tree - material is softer and dynamic, which can swell, dispel and deform. In this regard, experts recommend to perform support nodes with amendment for possible changes in wood shape. Such nodes may have different modifications:

Node zero mobility - Hard mounting with corners on both sides, in which the mounting of the rafter to Mauerlat remains fixed.
The first degree of mobility - The beam can rotate in a circle.
Compound of the second degree of mobility - Circular rotation with displacement, it is planned to establish special slides or sleds.
Mobile connection of the third degree - The possibility of horizontal, vertical and circular motion.

For any node, whether it is mobile, or not, should be applied at least two types of fixation. For example, the cutting strips are additionally fixed from the inside using the support bar, and the dynamic connections are reinforced with bolts and special steel corners.

On the types of fasteners of Stropilin to the base

Let's talk about modern fasteners. For the strength and durability of the support nodes, a variety of metal fasteners are used: beam holders, equilateral, fastening, anchor, reinforced corners, plates, supports, profiles, connectors, anchor, etc. All these parts are made of high-quality metal. For dynamic nodes (1.2 and 3 types), sliders, corners and perforated plates are used. Stationary connectors, anchor and corners are used for rigid mounting.

Such fasteners for the rafter system are used most often:

For self-installation, more than others, suitable perforated mounts, as they have a lot of holes for self-tapping and bolts.

Hard or moving connections: what to choose

So, we noted that the support nodes connecting Mauerlat with boards can be of varying degrees of mobility: from "0" to "3". The zero degree is hard attachments that exclude any changes in the location of the beams.

Hard connections: when they are needed

Mauerlat is installed when it is necessary to transfer the spacer from the rafted the bearing walls. This is done mainly in brick houses, panels and blocks. The deformation and drying of the roof in this case are trying to exclude in order to prevent changes to the load on the supporting walls. Here, there is a need for a fixed connection of the rafter system with Mauerlat.

Still units fixed with

Many experts recommend to do the appropriately forged in the place of attachment rafters to the beams of overlapping for greater strength and motionlessness of the connecting nodes. These marbles must be tightly shied with Mauerlat. Additionally, such nodes are strengthened by bolts, anchors and metal plates:

Or long screws:

And one more important point: the size of the cluster should not exceed 1/3 of its cross section. Otherwise, the rafter system can lose its carrier abilities:

Hard knots without cutting rafters

The method of attachment using a stroke bar is used in the revolving rafaling systems. The rafaline is cut through the template and mounted (to make the roof of the desired slope) at the place of fit to Mauerlat. From the inside, such rafters are amplified by the supporting bars and are strengthened with corners from two sides to the framework of the base:

Another option is not butt knot - the rigid fastening of the rafter, enhanced with bars-overlays on both sides. Two boards long at least meter bore each rafter foot. One end of such supports is cut at an angle, which corresponds to the inclustion of the roof of the roof (including stringlin). Boards are attached to a cut to Mauerlat with long bolts and reinforced steel corners. The bars are attached to the places in advance, first one by one. Then close to the lining on one side are mounted by the rafters themselves, which are immediately strengthened by the same lining on the other hand. There is an option to install two bars of lining at once, and after, rafted, but this method is used less often, as it requires more accurate calculations.

When do you need to make moving connections?

So we approached the dynamic support nodes - connections that can change their position. What is it for? Remember the physical properties of materials - many of them give a dewin or swelling. First of all, it concerns buildings from pure tree - timber, cutting, etc. Natural wood necessarily gives shrinkage, thanks to which your roof can not only be deformed, but also to collapse thoroughly. To avoid such fatal consequences, the masters are recommended to perform sling fastening of rafting legs with Mauerlat (or the top crown of the cut).

Mandatory condition when installing sliding nodes - the support of the rafter frame on the durable skate bar. Since the reference bottom nodes are dynamic, then the maximum stiffness should be achieved on the rod of the roof. The upper edges of the rafter are peeled for a dense compound between themselves and the skate bar, are connected and amplified by the bribers, metal ribbons, plates and corners. It is better to connect with a crown of a log that has already been fixed in a skate.

What is a sliding fastening?

The moving connection is performed using the establishment of sliding fasteners, called "Salazks" or "Cleans". Such a node provides for a certain freedom of rafter feet, which allows preventing the deformation of the roofing system after the natural shrinkage of wooden buildings:

Here are what kinds of sliding supports are:

Does Li poked on rafters if a house from a bar: an alternative expert opinion

I suggest stuffing, but not rafters, but the upper crown. Firstly, in this case, the risk of curvature of the rafter is reduced, and secondly, the "cold bridge" decreases, in the third, the tangent pressure on the Maurylalat (the top bar of the church) and fourth is simplified - the insulation of the roof is simplified. The lack of such a method - when writing the upper crown of the beam, the height of the skate decreases, so if the ceiling height is planned to raise, should be provided for 1 crown more. But! Such schemes are suitable only for houses made of wood, since Mauerlat must be integer in brick and concrete buildings to keep carrier quality.

How to secure rafters to beams?

In simple homes, mostly framework, Maurylalat can be abolished. In this case, the rafters are attached to the beams of overlapping. The most reliable version of the assembly of such a system is the preparation of rafting farms. Each farm consists of two rafting legs, connecting rigleel and lower tightening. For the strength of the farm amplify by central beams and pins:

Overlapping beams are stacked in this direction so that the rafter farms crossed them perpendicular to different planes. The tightening performs the main bearing functions, is attached to the beams of overlapping by anchors, through bolts, heels and amplified by plates and metal corners.

You can fasten the rafter legs directly to the beam, which will additionally perform the tightening features. To create high-quality support nodes in such a system, two ways are recommended:

The connection of the rafted with a beam double tooth - the washed from the beam and the sink of the rafter foot (two butt discharge on each).
Bolt mount and clamp. A through fastening can be provided, but if the boards have a large cross section, there are no lives and parts are connected by long bolts.

Fastening rafters to Mauerlat: phased description

For example, we describe the process of hard fastening of the compounds of the rafted to Mauerlat on a simple double roof.

I. Preparation of Mauerlat and rafters for work

At this stage, it is necessary to cut the rafting legs of the predetermined length and make marking their steps based on. The optimal length of the stroke feet step is 60-200 cm. You should also define the angle of inclination of the rafter.

Master class on the installation of Mauerlat:

II. The creation of washed

We perform on each rafter foot for a dense compound with the base. To enhance the strength, it is possible to provide additional bubbling on the frame or rafyroid and install a stubborn timber under each rafter foot.

III. Setting rafters on Mauerlat

It is necessary to put the rafyroids in order not to damage the remaining elements of the building (windows, walls, etc.). We bring the board with a cut on the beams and lay them on the ski bar. First, we set the extreme rafting legs, between which you need to stretch the thread to align all the other rafalines.

IV. Fastening of each rafted to Mauerlat

Now that all farms are installed in their place, you need to firmly fix the support nodes. We use for this some of the proposed mounts:

Nails + Steel corners along the left and right side of the junctions between the board and the base.
Through bolts or studs + Support timber under shropiline.
Anchor or bolts + corners or steel plates, etc.

Two overhead boards on both sides of the plumbing legs installed on the pre-placed places of Mauerlat will help strengthen the mount. You can also use a wire mount as a compound strength amplifier. To do this, you need to prepare a steel wire twist of 2-3 wires. Its lengths should be enough to accuse the rafter foot at the place of the joint with Mauerlat and fixing the ends of the twist on the metal crutch. As a crutch, you can take a long steel bolt, which is mounted in the wall by 30-40 cm below the Maurolat, strictly under the support node.

We will also consider one of the grandfathers - fastening with brackets:

And in conclusion we offer watch a video:

What is the secret of the quality of the rafter system: the three main rules of the Master

High-quality sawn timber - half of the way to successful construction. Mauerlat and rafters should not have cracks, wormochin and bitch.
Accuracy of measurements, marked and uniformity of the position of the attachments is no less important. If all the rafter legs of the same length and section, then it is better to prepare a pattern to perform cuts and scubons.
Drinking on Mauerlat - loss of bearing base functions by 50% and higher. The percentage of reduction of strength depends on the depth of the back.

When the rafting system is ready, it comes a queue of installation of crates, insulation and flooring roofing material. But this is another interesting topic that we will definitely tell in the next article. In the meantime, we wish you good-quality materials, easy work and good helpers!

December 12, 2017
Specialization: finishing of facades, interior decoration, construction of cottages, garages. Experience and gardener and gardener experience. There is also experience in repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: the game is not a guitar and a lot more, to which there is not enough time :)

Any roof is daily subjected to various loads, as the wind acts on it, precipitation, and it also holds roofing. In order for all these loads, the roof could cope for many decades, it must be properly constructed. Therefore, all those who wish to do construction on their own, I recommend to understand which parts and nodes of the rafter system exist, and what function they perform.

Elements of carcass

All parts of the rafter systems can be conditionally divided into two types:

Basic. These parts form a roof frame, referred to as the rafting system. Without them, no roof is required;
Additional. This group includes elements that in some types of roofs may be present, while others do without them. The task of additional elements is to increase rigidity and carcass strength.

Main nodes

So, the following elements include the main nodes and details of the rafter system:

Mauerlat.. This can be said, the basis of all roofing systems, as rafting legs are based on Mauerlat. The design of it is extremely simple, in fact, it is an ordinary bar (log in log houses), laid around the perimeter of the walls. Its task is to evenly distribute the load from the roof on the wall walls.

It must be said that the dupping roof Mauarelast can be placed not around the perimeter, but only on the side walls, since the front walls are located, representing the continuation of the wall;

Stropile legs (hereinafter CH), or just rafters.These parts are the bearing element forming the skate and its angle of inclination. They perceive the wind and snow load, as well as the weight of the roofing material, and are transmitted to walls through Mauerlat and other elements.

Rafters are side (basic) diagonal (installed at the junction of hollow roofs) and shortened (rely on Mauerlat diagonal rafters);

Stropil farms.They are formed by pair (response) rafting legs. It must be said that the rafting farms are present in all pitched roofs except for one-sided, as they do not have response rafters;
Skown knot.Is the top of the rafter farm, i.e. formed by the joint of two CH. The ski knot, like the farm themselves, is missing only in single-sided roofs.

That's all the main nodes of wooden roofing structures that form them.

Additional

Additional details include:

Run. This is a horizontal beam that binds all the CH within one slope;
Skown run. It is the same horizontal beam as the usual run, but which passes in the skate node, i.e. Connects at the same time two legs of each farm.

It must be said that the ski run can be installed in several ways - above the shock of the rafter, in the center of the joint, i.e. Legs are based on a run, or under rafters;

Tightening (Rigel, Fight).It is a beam that connects two retaliatory legs without letting them get torn. It can be said that the tightening removes the spacer load from the bearing walls;

Supports. Can sign rafters, all types of runs or tightening. Supports transmit the load on the inner walls of the building, columns or overlap;
Trucks (subcording legs).There are inclined supports that the same feature is imposed as the vertical racks. The only one, they reflect only legs, i.e. are one of the elements of wooden farms. Substropical legs transmit the load on the bearing elements of the building, or onto the overlap;
Fakes. These elements form a ride of the skate in the event that the CH does not go beyond the walls. In essence, they extend CH, i.e. are their continuation.

That's all the elements from which the frames of the pitched roofs are.

A few words about the types of systems

So, we dealt with the nodes, now let's look at the main types of rafting structures. There are several of them:

Single-car. As I said, these designs do not have farms. The angle of the skate is formed due to the different height of the walls, which are stacked, or due to the run, which is stacked on the racks installed on one of the walls;

Divaenasone. Cover rafters are called rafters that are supported by racks or pins, transmitting the load on the internal bearing elements of the building. The framework of such structures is formed only by farms, i.e. They do not have diagonal legs.

Double hanging. Hanging rafters from the wissions are distinguished by the fact that they transmit all the load from the roof only on the outer walls;

Walm. Unlike bounce, on the ends, instead of vertical frontones have inclined hips, i.e. Endhotes. As I said, the hips form diagonal and short legs;

Broken.They are a double design, each CH which is divided into two parts and is located at different angles. Skate, i.e. The upper legs form a gentle slope, and the bottom - cool. This design allows you to increase the attic space, as a result of which it can be used as an additional floor.

Typical broken (attic) systems have racks that are based on the upper and lower CH. Response racks are associated with tightening (attic beams of overlapping).

There are still half-gantry structures that are essentially the usual hanging systems of a two-tie roof. The only one, their mounting with Mauerlat is usually made by sliding (movable), which makes it possible to increase the deflection of CH, and thereby reduce the spacer on the walls.

Despite the fact that the designs and all of the above systems are different, they consist of the same parts with which we have already become familiar with.

Finally, fasteners

Finally, I propose to consider how the main nodes are connected such as:

Raftered / Maurylalat;
Skown knot.

The rest of the details do not deserve special attention, since their dosples most often occurs by the pair of pairing sites (to increase the area of \u200b\u200bfitting the parts) and steel plastic lining / corners that are fixed with screws. Sometimes the fasteners are not even used, i.e. Details are attached to each other with screws without any linings.

Connection of rafters and Mauerlat

The foot attachment assembly and mauelalat can be made in several ways:

Using groin. In this case, the grooves in which the CH are inserted under Mauerlat. It is then additionally attached to Mauerlat from two sides by a steel corner;

Tooth and spike. This method is usually used for fastening CH to tighten. The principle of it is based on the fact that in the end of the soaked pulled by the spike, and in the tightness - the groove. In addition, the leg itself rests on the so-called tooth, i.e. The protrack ledger that assumes the spacer load.

It must be said that recently the fastening of the type of tooth with a spike is rarely applied, since it is much easier to use special fasteners, the same corners and plates;

By marking. In this case, sn ished so that a straight angle formed at the junction with Mauerlat, as a result of which the rafter does not only fall on the bar, but also rests on its side surface, thus transmitting the spacer load. I must say that instead of driving, you can fix the bar, as shown in the diagram below.

Connection of rafters and skate run

CH connection and run can be performed as follows:

With the help of the groove.Two responses are performed in CH, with the result that, after the joint, the sling is formed under the ski run;
Tough pinching. The principle is based on the runway and above it are sets;

By drowned. This is the easiest and most common way, the principle of which is based on the shut-down CH for maximum adjacent to the beam. In this case, fixation is carried out by a steel corner.

Here, perhaps, all the main nuances of the assembly of rafter systems.

Output

With you, we figured out which details there are rafting systems, which species they are and how the main elements are composed. If some moments I missed or something not clear to you - write comments, and I will gladly answer your questions.

December 12, 2017

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