Symptoms of mental disorders. Violation of the human psyche, symptoms, treatment, types, causes Diseases of the mentally ill

The weaker sex is more prone to ailments associated with the psyche. Emotional involvement in social life and natural sensitivity increase the risk of developing diseases. They need to be diagnosed in time in order to start the right treatment and return life to its usual course.

Mental illnesses in different age periods of a woman's life

For each age period (girl, girl, woman), a group of the most likely mental illnesses was identified. At these critical stages of development for the psyche, situations occur that most often provoke development.

Girls are less susceptible to mental illness than boys, however, they are not immune from the appearance of school phobias, attention deficit. They are at increased risk for anxiety and learning disorders.

Young girls in 2% of cases may be victims of premenstrual dysphoria after the first episode of bleeding during the menstrual period. After puberty, it is believed that girls are 2 times more likely to develop depression than boys.

Women who are included in the group of patients with mental disorders do not undergo drug treatment during planning. This causes them to relapse. After childbirth, there is a high probability of the appearance of signs of depression, which, however, can go away without medical treatment.

A small percentage of women do develop psychotic disorders, the treatment of which is complicated by the limited number of approved drugs. For each individual situation, the degree of benefit and risk of drug treatment during breastfeeding is determined.

Women between 35 and 45 are at risk for developing anxiety disorders, they are prone to mood changes, and are not immune from the onset of schizophrenia. Decreased sexual function may occur due to the use of antidepressants.

Menopause changes the usual course of a woman's life, her social role and relationships with loved ones. From caring for their children, they switch to looking after their parents. This period is associated with depressive moods and disorders, but the connection between the phenomena has not been officially proven.

In old age, women are prone to the appearance of dementia and complications of somatic pathologies with mental disorders. This is due to their longevity, the risk of developing dementia (acquired dementia) increases in proportion to the number of years lived. Older women who take a lot and suffer from somatic diseases are more prone to insanity than others.

Those over 60 should pay attention to the symptoms of paraphrenia (a severe form of delusional syndrome), they are at the highest risk. Emotional involvement in the lives of others and loved ones at a respectable age, when many complete their life path, can cause mental disorders.

The division of a woman's existence into periods allows doctors to single out the only true one from the whole variety of diseases with similar symptoms.

Signs of mental disorders in girls

In childhood, the development of the nervous system occurs continuously, but unevenly. However, the peak of mental development by 70% falls on this period, the personality of the future adult is formed. It is important to timely diagnose the symptoms of certain diseases from a specialist.
Signs:

Decreased appetite. Occurs with sudden changes in diet and forced food intake.
Increased activity. Differs in sudden forms of motor excitation (jumping, monotonous running, shouting)
Hostility. It is expressed in the child's confidence in the negative attitude of others and relatives towards him, which is not confirmed by facts. It seems to such a child that everyone laughs at him and despise him. On the other hand, he himself will show baseless hatred and aggression, or even fear towards relatives. He becomes rude in everyday communication with relatives.
Painful perception of a physical defect (dysmorphophobia). The child chooses a minor or apparent flaw in appearance and tries with all his might to disguise or eliminate it, even turning to adults with a request for plastic surgery.
Game activity. It comes down to a monotonous and primitive manipulation of objects not intended for play (cups, shoes, bottles), the nature of such a game does not change over time.
Painful preoccupation with health. Excessive attention to one's physical condition, complaints about fictitious ones.
Repetitive word movements. They are involuntary or obsessive, for example, the desire to touch an object, rub hands, tap.
Mood disorder. The state of melancholy and meaninglessness of what is happening does not leave the child. He becomes whiny and irritable, the mood does not improve for a long time.

Nervous state. Change from hyperactivity to lethargy and passivity and vice versa. Bright light and loud and unexpected sounds are hard to bear. The child cannot strain his attention for a long time, which is why he has difficulty studying. He may have visions of animals, frightening looking people, or voices.
Disorders in the form of repetitive spasms or convulsions. The child may freeze for a few seconds, while turning pale or rolling his eyes. An attack can manifest itself in a shudder of the shoulders, arms, less often, similar to squats. Systematic walking and talking in sleep at the same time.
Violations in daily behavior. Excitability coupled with aggression, expressed in a tendency to violence, conflict and rudeness. Unsteady attention against the background of lack of discipline and motor disinhibition.
A pronounced desire to cause harm and the subsequent receipt of pleasure from this. The desire for hedonism, increased suggestibility, a tendency to leave home. Negative thinking along with vindictiveness and bitterness against the backdrop of a general tendency to cruelty.
Painfully abnormal habit. Biting off nails, pulling out hair from the scalp and at the same time reducing psychological stress.
Intrusive fears. Daytime forms are accompanied by redness of the face, increased sweating and palpitations. At night, they are manifested by screaming and crying from frightening dreams and motor anxiety; in such a situation, the child may not recognize loved ones and brush off someone.
Violation of reading, writing and counting skills. In the first case, children have difficulty relating the type of letter to the sound, or they have difficulty recognizing images of vowels or consonants. With dysgraphia (writing disorder), it is difficult for them to write what they say out loud.

These signs are not always a direct consequence of the development of a mental illness, but require qualified diagnosis.

Symptoms of diseases characteristic of adolescence

Adolescent girls are characterized by anorexia nervosa and bulimia, premenstrual dysphoria and depression.

Anorexia, frolicking on a nervous basis, includes:

Denying an Existing Problem
Painful obsessive feeling of excess weight in its apparent absence
Eating food standing up or in small bites
Violated mode
Fear of gaining weight
Depressed mood
Anger and unreasonable resentment
Passion for cooking, cooking meals for the family without personal participation in the meal
Avoiding shared meals, minimal interaction with loved ones, long bath time or exercising outside the home.

Anorexia also causes physical disorders. Due to weight loss, problems with the menstrual cycle begin, arrhythmia appears, constant weakness and pain in the muscles are felt. Attitude towards oneself depends on the amount of weight lost to gained. A person with anorexia nervosa tends to bias his condition up to the point of no return.

Signs of bulimia nervosa:

The amount of food consumed at a time exceeds the norm for a person of a certain build. Pieces of food are not chewed, but quickly swallowed.
After eating, the person intentionally tries to induce vomiting to clear the stomach.
The behavior is dominated by mood swings, closeness and unsociableness.
A person feels helpless and alone.
General malaise and lack of energy, frequent illnesses, upset digestion.
Destroyed tooth enamel is a consequence of frequent vomiting, which contains gastric juice.
Enlarged salivary glands on the cheeks.
Denying there is a problem.

Signs of premenstrual dysphoria:

The disease is typical for girls who form premenstrual syndrome. It, in turn, is expressed in depression, a gloomy mood, unpleasant physical sensations and an uncomfortable psychological state, tearfulness, disruption of the usual sleep and food intake.
Dysphoria occurs 5 days before the onset of menstruation, and ends on the first day. The girl during this period is completely defocused, she cannot concentrate on anything, she is overcome by fatigue. The diagnosis is made if the symptoms are pronounced and interfere with the woman.

Most of the diseases of adolescents develop on the basis of nervous disorders and characteristics of puberty.

Postpartum mental disorders

In the field of medicine, 3 negative psychological conditions of a woman in labor are distinguished:

Neurotic. There is an exacerbation of problems with the psyche, which were even when carrying a child. This disease is accompanied by depression, nervous exhaustion.
Traumatic neurosis. Appears after a long and difficult childbirth, subsequent pregnancies are accompanied by fear and anxiety.
Melancholy with delusional ideas. A woman feels guilty, may not recognize loved ones and see hallucinations. This disease is a prerequisite for the development of manic-depressive psychosis.

A mental disorder can manifest itself as:

Depressed state and tearfulness.
Unreasonable anxiety, feelings of anxiety.
Irritability and excessive activity.
Distrust of others and feeling.

Incoherence of speech and decreased or increased appetite.
Obsession with communication or a desire to isolate oneself from everyone.
Confusion in the mind and lack of concentration.
Inadequate self-esteem.
Thoughts of suicide or murder.

In the first week or a month later, these symptoms will make themselves felt in the event of the development of postpartum psychosis. Its duration is four months on average.

Middle age period. Mental illnesses that develop against the background of the onset of menopause

During menopause, the reverse development of the hormonal glands of sexual secretion occurs, this symptom is most pronounced in women in the period from 45 to 50 years. inhibits cell renewal. As a result, those diseases and disorders begin to appear that were completely absent before or were hidden.

Mental illnesses characteristic of the menopause period develop either 2-3 months before the final completion of the menstrual cycle or even after 5 years. These reactions are temporary, most often they are:

mood swings
Anxiety about the future
Hypersensitivity

Women at this age are prone to self-criticism and dissatisfaction with themselves, which entails the development of depressive moods and hypochondriacal experiences.

With physical discomfort during menopause, associated with flushing or fainting, tantrums appear. Serious disorders associated with menopause develop only in women who initially had such problems.

Mental disorders in women in senile and presenile period

Involutional paranoid. This psychosis, which appears at the time of involution, is accompanied by delusional thoughts combined with unsolicited memories of traumatic situations from the past.

Involutional melancholy is typical for women starting from 50 years old. The main prerequisite for the appearance of this disease is anxiety-delusional depression. Usually, involutional paranoid appears after a change in lifestyle or a stressful situation.

dementia of late age. The disease is an acquired dementia, which intensifies over time. Based on clinical manifestations, there are:

total dementia. In this variant, perception, the level of thinking, the ability to be creative and solve problems are reduced. There is an erasing of the facets of personality. A person is not capable of critical self-assessment.
Lacunar dementia. Memory impairment occurs when the level of cognitive functions is preserved. The patient can critically evaluate himself, the personality basically remains unchanged. This disease manifests itself with syphilis of the brain.
These diseases are a warning sign. The mortality of patients with dementia after a stroke is several times higher than that of those who avoided this fate and did not become demented.

While watching the video you will learn about the aneurysm.

Treatment of mental disorders is divided into medication and complex psychotherapy. For eating disorders that are common in young girls, a combination of these treatments will be effective. However, even if most of the symptoms coincide with the disorders described, it is necessary to consult a psychotherapist or psychiatrist before any type of treatment.

"Crazy people live behind a high fence, and idiots walk down the street in crowds"
The Unlucky Directed by Francis Weber

We live in a time when tantrums and lingering have become commonplace for many. Each of us is familiar with the state when loved ones behave inappropriately or we ourselves suffer from insomnia, twisting the same obsessive thought in our head all night. But these are the signs of a prepsychotic state: anxiety, insomnia, unwillingness to live, hysteria, attacks on others, suicide attempts and sudden mood swings. In order to identify deviations in the psyche, it is necessary to observe a person in a hospital for 30 days, and in some cases, to make a diagnosis of schizophrenia, an examination of the patient is required within 6 months.

Mental illness- this is not only schizophrenia, they also include neurosis, psychosis, mania, panic attacks, paranoia, dementia and bipolar disorder. In turn, each mental deviation is subdivided into several types. It is believed that if situations that cause acute stress reactions in people: tantrums, crying, attacks, nervous tremors and other aggressive actions directed at others or at oneself are episodic and pass after some time, then they do not interfere with life and are not deviation from the norm.

However, it often happens that after the examination, the doctor does not patient's psychiatric disorder does not reveal, and after some time he commits a hard planned murder or harms the health of himself or others. This is a clear deviation in the psyche, and in order not to become a victim of such a patient, it is very important to have some ideas about how the signs of mental disorders appear and how to behave when communicating or even living with them.

Nowadays, many people are forced to live together or neighborhood with alcoholics, drug addicts, neurasthenics and elderly parents with dementia. If you delve into the intricacies of their daily life, you can easily come to the conclusion that there are simply no absolutely mentally healthy people, but only underexamined ones.

Permanent scandals, accusations, threats, assaults, unwillingness to live and even suicide attempts are the first signs that the psyche of the participants in such conflicts is not in order. If such behavior of a person is repeated from time to time and begins to affect the personal lives of other people, then we are talking about a mental illness and requires examination by a specialist.

Deviations in psyche first of all, they are manifested in the fact that a person's perception of the world changes and the attitude towards the people around him changes. Unlike healthy people, people with mental disorders seek to satisfy only their physical and physiological needs, they do not care how their inappropriate behavior will affect the health and mood of others. They are cunning and attentive, selfish and hypocritical, unemotional and dodgy.

It's very hard to know when close you a person shows excessive anger, aggression and unfounded accusations against you. Few are able to remain calm and accept the inappropriate behavior of a loved one associated with mental disorders. In most cases, people think that a person is mocking him, and they try to apply "educational measures" in the form of moralizing, demands and proof of innocence.

With time mental illness progress and can combine delusional, hallucinatory and emotional disorders. Manifestations of visual, auditory and delusional hallucinations are manifested in the following:
- a person talks to himself, laughs for no apparent reason.
- cannot concentrate on the topic of conversation, always has a preoccupied and anxious look.
- hears extraneous voices and sees someone that you cannot perceive.
- is hostile to family members, especially to those who serve him. In the later stages of the development of a mental illness, the patient becomes aggressive, attacks others, deliberately breaks dishes, furniture and other objects.
- tells stories of implausible or dubious content about yourself and loved ones.
- fears for his life, refuses to eat, accusing relatives of trying to poison him.
- writes statements to the police and letters to various organizations with complaints about relatives, neighbors and just acquaintances.
- hides money and things, quickly forgets where he put them and accuses others of stealing.
- does not wash or shave for a long time, there is sloppiness and uncleanliness in behavior and appearance.

Knowing the general signs mental deviations, it is very important to understand that mental illness brings suffering, first of all, to the patient himself, and only then to his relatives and society. Therefore, it is absolutely wrong to prove to the patient that he is behaving immorally, to accuse or reproach him for not loving you and worsening your life. Of course, a mentally ill person is a disaster in the family. However, he must be treated as a sick person, and respond to their inappropriate behavior with understanding.

It is forbidden argue with the patient, trying to prove to him that his accusations against you are wrong. Listen carefully, reassure him, and offer help. Do not try to clarify the details of his delusional accusations and statements, do not ask him questions that may aggravate those with mental disorders. Any mental illness requires attention from loved ones, and treatment by specialists. It should not cause complaints and accusations of selfishness towards a sick person.

Alas, from the development of mental disorders no one is safe. This is especially true for those who have a hereditary predisposition to the disease or care for elderly parents with dementia. Set an example of a good attitude towards them to your children so that they do not repeat the mistakes of their parents.

Mental illnesses, also called human mental disorders, occur in people of all ages, from infancy to old age. Contrary to popular belief, they do not always manifest outwardly - for example, aggressive behavior or other gross violations, referred to as "madness" or "abnormality."

The list and description of such diseases will not be able to provide exhaustive information, since each manifestation of any pathology is individual.

The peculiarity of such ailments is that some of them are episodic, that is, they appear from time to time, and are considered incurable. Also, many mental illnesses are still not fully investigated by doctors, and no one can accurately explain the factors that cause them.

People who have been diagnosed with any diseases receive certain restrictions and prohibitions - for example, they may not be given a driver's license or be denied employment. You can get rid of the problem not only on an outpatient basis - you need a strong desire of the patient himself.

Now there are different types of mental illnesses, depending on their characteristics, the average age of patients and other characteristics.

Mental illnesses that are inherited

Their occurrence is not always predictable. A child whose parents had such disorders does not necessarily have to be born sick - he may only have a predisposition that will forever remain so.

The list of hereditary mental illnesses is as follows:

depression - a person is constantly in a depressed mood, feels despair, his self-esteem decreases, and he is not interested in people around him, loses the ability to rejoice and experience happiness;
schizophrenia - deviations in behavior, thinking, movements, emotional and other areas;
autism - observed in young children (up to 3 years old) and is expressed in delays and violations of social development, monotonous behavior and abnormal reactions to the world around them;
epilepsy - characterized by seizures of a sudden nature.

The classification of such disorders also includes the most terrible and dangerous mental illnesses. These include those that can cause great harm to human health and life:

neurosis - based on hallucinations, delusions and inappropriate behavior;
psychosis - a temporary violation, occurs as a reaction to stress, when a person falls into a state of passion;
Psychopathy is a state of imbalance associated with a sense of one's own inferiority, mainly formed in childhood. The exact reasons are still unknown.
Addictions - from alcohol, drugs, cigarettes, computer and gambling. Their insidiousness is that patients are often unaware of the presence of a problem.

Endogenous diseases are those in the occurrence of which heredity plays an important role. It:

schizophrenia;
manic, depressive psychoses;
epilepsy.

A separate place is occupied by mental illness in the elderly and senile age:

hypochondria - the belief in the presence of severe physical abnormalities without confirmation of the existence of such from a doctor;
mania - an increase in mood, interspersed with sudden aggressiveness, lack of criticism towards oneself;
delirium - the sick person becomes suspicious, he is visited by strange thoughts, hallucinations, he can hear voices or sounds;
dementia or dementia - impaired memory and other functions;
Alzheimer's disease - forgetfulness and distraction, inactivity and other disorders.

There are also rare mental illnesses that many have never heard of.

Some of them got their name in honor of famous people or heroes of fairy tales:

Alice in Wonderland syndrome - a violation of the perception of space;
Capgras syndrome - a person is sure that one of his friends was replaced by a double;
depersonalization - characterized by a lack of a sense of self, and loss of control over oneself;
fear of the number 13;
sensation of severed body parts.

Mental illness in children:

delays in speech, development;
hyperactivity;
mental retardation.

Such a list of mental disorders is incomplete; in fact, there are a lot of rare and unknown types, or not yet identified by doctors.

The most common ailments in our time are autism, speech and movement disorders in children, depression, various forms of psychosis and schizophrenia.

Mental diseases are characterized by the creation of inconvenience for people around, especially relatives and those living in the same apartment with the sick person. They don't always go to the hospital.

Some neuropsychiatric disorders are incurable, and there may be a need for life-long detention of a person in a special institution.

Symptoms of mental illness

The symptoms of this type of problem are varied and individual in nature:

If you experience such symptoms of mental illness, you need to consult a doctor. Perhaps the condition is temporary, and it is really possible to eliminate it.

In women, signs of mental illness can be associated with moments in their lives (birth, pregnancy, menopause):

a tendency to starvation, or vice versa, bouts of gluttony;
depression, feeling of worthlessness;
irritability;
postpartum depression;
sleep disturbances, decreased libido.

These problems are not always unremovable, in most cases, after consulting a psychologist and adequate treatment, it is possible to cope with them.

Causes of mental illness

They are different, in some cases it is impossible to determine them. Scientists still don't know exactly why autism or Alzheimer's occurs.

The following factors can influence the psychological state of a person and change it:

Usually, a combination of several causes leads to pathology.

Treatment of mental illness

Methods of therapy for neuropsychiatric pathologies provide for an integrated approach and have an individual focus. They consist of:

drug regimen - taking antidepressants, psychotropic, stimulant drugs;
Hardware treatment - some types of disorders can be eliminated by exposure to electric currents. For example, in autism, the brain micropolarization procedure is often used.
psychotherapy - methods of suggestion or persuasion, hypnosis, conversations;
physiotherapy - acupuncture, electrosleep.

Modern techniques have become widespread - communication with animals, treatment with creative work, and others.

Learn about mental disorders that present with somatic symptoms

Prevention of mental illness

It is possible to avoid mental health problems if:

Preventive measures include regular visits to the hospital for examinations. Disorders in the initial stages can be prevented if they are diagnosed and treated in time.

Psychological disorders are various disorders of the human psyche, caused by a number of biological, social or psychological factors. Individuals subject to mental disorders cannot adapt to the existing conditions of life, independently solve their problems. It can be difficult for such people to recover from the failures that have befallen them. There are signs of inadequacy in their thinking, actions and behavior.

A mental disorder is a painful condition characterized by various destructive changes in the individual's psyche. There are many mental disorders, but they all manifest themselves in different ways. Individuals prone to psychological disorders have absurd ideas, they think inappropriately, behave, and react incorrectly to various events. Some types of mental illness cause somatic disorders.

Mental illnesses are more common in women than in men. This is due to a large number of provoking factors in the representatives of the weak half of humanity (pregnancy, childbirth, menopause).

In a state of mental disorder, an individual, unlike a healthy person, cannot cope with ordinary everyday problems and properly perform his professional tasks. Mental disorders affect the thinking, mental

Types of psychological disorders

Types and characteristics of mental disorders:

Organic mental disorders. They are usually caused by organic diseases of the brain. Mental disorders are possible after a concussion, head injury, stroke, various systemic diseases. An individual experiences destructive changes that negatively affect memory, thinking, and also hallucinations, delusional thoughts, and mood swings appear.
Mental and behavioral dysfunctions associated with the use of alcohol and psychotropic drugs. Violations are caused by the use of psychoactive substances, which are not drugs. These include sleeping pills, sedatives, hallucinogenic drugs.
Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional states. Mental illnesses that affect the psycho-emotional state of the individual. The individual commits illogical acts, he is insane, does not understand what is happening around. The individual has reduced working capacity and social adaptation.
affective disorders. The disease leads to a deterioration in mood. Manifestations of the disorder: bipolar affective disorder, mania, depression, cyclothymia, as well as dysthymia and others.
Mental disorders provoked by a stressful situation. Neurosis, panic attacks, fears, phobias, constant stress, paranoia. The individual has fears of various objects or phenomena.
Behavioral disorders caused by physical and physiological factors. Various mental disorders associated with eating and eating food (overeating, anorexia), as well as problems with sleep and sex.
Behavioral and personality disorders of adulthood. Problems with gender identity, sexual disorders (pedophilia, sadomasochism), pathological gambling addiction, bad habits.
Mental retardation. A congenital condition that manifests itself as a delay in the development of the personality. The individual's thinking process, memory, and adaptation in society are deteriorating. The disorder develops due to a genetic predisposition or problems during pregnancy and childbirth.
Disorders in psychological development. Manifested in the form of problems with speech, a slowdown in the overall development of the individual, a delay in motor functions and a reduced ability to learn. Problems appear in early childhood and are associated with brain damage.
Violations that are characteristic of childhood and adolescence. Naughty, hyperactive, aggressive, trouble concentrating.

In 20 percent of the earth's population, disorders associated with various kinds of phobias appear throughout their lives. True, fear sometimes arises as a reaction to a threatening situation. Another common mental disorder is depression. It occurs in 7 percent of the female half of the world's population and 3 percent of the male. At least once in a lifetime, every inhabitant of the planet suffers from depression.

Schizophrenia is a common disorder in human thinking and behavior. People affected by this disease are often depressed and try to isolate themselves from public life.

Mental disorders of adulthood are manifested in the form of alcohol dependence, sexual deviations, irrational behavior. True, many of them are dictated by the psychological trauma of childhood and adolescence.

Symptoms of mental disorders

The main manifestations of all kinds of mental disorders are violations of mental activity, psycho-emotional state, behavioral reactions, which significantly go beyond the existing orders and ethical standards. People who suffer from psychological disorders have various disorders of a physical, cognitive, emotional nature. For example, a person may feel too happy or, conversely, destitute, which is not entirely consistent with the events taking place around him.

Various mental illnesses have their own characteristics. The clinical manifestations of the same disorder can vary from person to person. Depending on the severity of the individual's condition and violations in his behavior,

The main symptoms of mental disorders:

1. Asthenic syndrome.

The individual has severe fatigue, exhaustion, decreased performance. This condition is characterized by instability of mood, increased irritability, sentimentality, tearfulness. Asthenia is accompanied by constant headaches, sleep problems. An asthenic symptom is observed with a variety of mental disorders, as well as after suffering infectious diseases or with fatigue.

2. Obsession.

People, regardless of their will, have obsessive experiences, anxieties, fears, phobias. Unjustified doubts plague the individual. He tortures himself with baseless suspicions. In contact with a frightening situation or phenomenon, a person experiences nervous tension. Obsessive fears cause the individual to act irrationally, for example, being afraid of germs to constantly wash their hands.

3. Affective syndrome.

It manifests itself in the form of persistent mood changes (depression, mania). This symptom usually occurs at the beginning of a mental illness. Subsequently, it remains predominant throughout the illness or is complicated by other mental disorders.

Depression is characterized by a feeling of depression, decreased physical activity, pain in the heart. In this state, the individual speaks slowly, thinks poorly, cannot understand the essence of what he has read or heard. The individual develops weakness, lethargy, lethargy. During a person's depression, despair, hopelessness. Sometimes an individual has suicidal thoughts.

The manic state, on the contrary, is characterized by increased optimism, cheerfulness and carelessness. A person has a huge number of plans and ideas. He is too lively, mobile, talkative. In a manic state, people experience an excess of energy, a creative upsurge, an increase in intellectual activity and efficiency. However, subsequently, hyperactivity can lead to rash, inadequate actions, which affects the state of the individual. In place of a cheerful mood comes anger and irascibility.

4. Senestopathy.

Manifested in the form of discomfort throughout the body. A person feels tingling, pain, burning, tightness, but all these symptoms are not associated with internal diseases of the organs. It seems to the individual that some force is squeezing his throat or something is rustling under the ribs.

5. Hypochondriacal syndrome.

A person constantly seems to be sick with something. The individual feels discomfort, although in fact he does not have any pathologies. Hypochondria often develops against the background of a depressive state.

6. Illusion.

When an individual has illusions, he perceives real things erroneously. Such a visual disorder may be caused by lighting features or other optical phenomena. For example, under water, all things seem larger than in reality. In a dark time, the silhouettes of objects can be mistaken for monsters.

7. Hallucination.

Mental disorders lead to the fact that the individual sees, hears and feels things that do not happen in reality. Hallucinations can be visual, olfactory, auditory, tactile. Auditory are different in content: an individual hears someone's voice or a conversation of non-existent people. The voices in your head can give orders, force you to do something, for example, kill, be silent, go somewhere. Visual hallucinations lead to the fact that the individual for a moment sees objects that do not really exist. The olfactory ones cause the smell of decay, food or cologne to be smelled. Tactile causes discomfort.

8. Delusional disorders.

Nonsense is An individual builds his conclusions on facts divorced from reality. It is hard to dissuade him of the wrongness of his ideas. A person is in captivity of his delusional fantasies and beliefs, constantly trying to prove his case.

9. Catatonic syndrome.

It manifests itself in the form of motor inhibition, stupor, or, conversely, strong excitement. During torpor, the individual is unable to move or speak. Catatonic excitation, on the contrary, is characterized by chaotic and often repetitive movements. Such a violation can occur in the normal state in case of severe stress or as a result of a severe mental disorder.

10. Clouding of consciousness.

The individual's adequate perception of reality is disturbed. A person feels detached from reality and does not understand what is happening around. The individual loses the ability to think logically, does not orient himself in the situation, in time and space. It can be difficult for a person to remember new information, partial or complete amnesia is also observed.

11. Dementia.

The individual's intellectual functions are reduced. He loses the ability to acquire various knowledge, does not understand how to act in a difficult situation, cannot find himself and adapt to the conditions of life. Dementia can occur during the progression of a mental illness or be congenital (oligophrenia).

Why do they arise?

Unfortunately, the causes of many mental disorders have not yet been elucidated. True, depending on the type of violation, there are certain factors that provoke the development of diseases. Allocate biological, psychological and social causes of mental disorders.

Mental disorders are known to be caused by changes in the structure or functions of the brain. It is generally accepted that exogenous or endogenous factors influence the occurrence of mental disorders. Exogenous drugs include poisonous drugs, alcohol, infections, psychological trauma, bruises, concussions, cerebrovascular disease. This kind of disorder is influenced by stressful situations, or social problems. Endogenous factors include chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, or hereditary gene diseases.

Psychological deviations, regardless of the causes of occurrence, carry many problems. A sick person is characterized by inadequate thinking, incorrect response to some life situations and often irrational behavior. Such individuals have an increased tendency to suicide, crime, the formation of alcohol or drug addiction.

Psychological disorders in children

In the process of growing up, the child undergoes a number of physiological and psychological changes. Many factors, including the attitude of parents towards them, leave their mark on the formation of the worldview of children. If adults properly raise a child, he grows up as a mentally healthy person who knows how to behave correctly in society and in any situation.

Children who were abused on a daily basis at an early age perceive this behavior of their parents as the norm. As adults, they will display similar behaviors on other people. All the negative aspects in the upbringing of young children make themselves felt in adulthood.

The famous psychiatrist D. Macdonald has identified the most dangerous signs in the child's mental state, which must be addressed as early as possible. If adults ignore these factors and do not take their children to a psychiatrist, they will have to face a number of serious problems in the future.

Signs of psychological disorders in children:

zoosadism - cruelty to animals (killing kittens, fish);
inability to empathize with someone else's pain;
coldness in the manifestation of feelings;
constant lies;
enuresis;
runaways from home, love of vagrancy;
theft of other people's things;
desire to set fires;
bullying weak peers.

If a child demonstrates deviant behavior, then the parents made some mistake in his upbringing. Negative actions indicate symptoms of mental disorders only when they are repeated regularly. Parents need to take deviant behavior seriously and not let the situation take its course.

How to treat?

Before treating a person for a psychological disorder, a specialist must correctly diagnose and identify the cause that influenced the development of the disease. First of all, you need to consult a psychologist. The specialist talks with the client in a relaxed atmosphere, conducts tests, assigns tasks and carefully observes the reactions and behavior of the individual. After conducting psychological diagnostics, the psychologist identifies violations in the client's psyche and determines the method of corrective assistance.

If a person is faced with a number of life difficulties, as a result of which he has psychological disorders, he can seek help from a psychologist-hypnologist

Schizophrenia in women is presented as a complex mental illness that manifests itself primarily personality change in connection with a schizophrenic defect with a polymorphic clinic.

According to medical statistics, this disease is diagnosed much more often among men, but among women, the manifestations are more complex and severe - the social and emotional sphere of the personality is completely destroyed.

Often the disease can have a sluggish form, periodically it worsens. Against the background of such a state, the significance of the family is reduced, and their own children are rejected.

The reasons

The defective gene inheritance theory is the primary reason, acting as a provocateur of personality disorders both after the age of forty and in infancy.

In half the cases, parents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have a child whose symptoms persist from infancy.

In women, manifestations of schizophrenia are very rarely observed after 40 years, while the disorder is most often diagnosed after 25 years.

The key prerequisites for this are the following reasons:

negative impact during puberty;
imbalance in the perception of one's own personality and the world as a whole due to hormonal disorders and poorly developed maternal instinct;
dissatisfaction with one's own appearance is the primary provocative complex;
the development of a desire to move away from the usual emotional layer, the denial of the social role of women;
non-integral personality characteristics;
the presence of phobias and complexes;
neurotic personality;
prolonged stress;
negative psychological climate in the family;
postpartum depression

Viral and bacterial etiology is observed in 2% of diagnosed cases. In this case, the reason is the woman's transfer of viral or bacterial meningitis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of schizophrenia are not difficult to recognize and they are represented by the following manifestations:

visual and auditory hallucinations;
feeling of influence from the outside, forcing to act and reading thoughts;
poverty of thoughts and emotions;
excitement, stupor and inadequacy;
apathy and incoherent speech;
inability to make decisions and indecision.

In mentally healthy people, such manifestations are not observed, therefore, at the first signs, one should immediately contact specialists.

There is a theory that color dreams in women are a sign of schizophrenia, but there is no reliable evidence, despite the fact that this phenomenon indicates the activation of brain regions, in which there are borderline disorders.

Women diagnosed with schizophrenia are 20 times more likely to dream in color than healthy people.

signs

In adolescence, one can recognize the first manifestations of the disease, which are primarily represented by the most difficult emotional state.

The development of signs of the disease in question occurs for about 10 years. Manic bursts of energy and feigned optimism replace apathy. The patient is engulfed in a depressed state, social contacts are ignored.

An extended symptomatology consists of the following symptoms:

the effect of repeating the heard phrase, which can take the form of echolalia;
the occurrence of invented phrases, sentences or individual words;
lack of logic, meaningless reasoning, crazy ideas;
productive signs of sick imagination;
depression.

Primary signs:

lack of attention from the opposite sex;
the absence of the patient to change the situation;
the patient demands worship and unconditional love, sometimes even submission;
the girl to the diagnosis under consideration becomes untidy over time and stops taking care of herself;
over time, schizophrenia begins to accompany bulimia;
emotional problems provoke eating disorders, in particular conscious gluttony;
manifestation of aggression towards the whole world, alienation and rejection of generally accepted facts;
the patient does not believe in the existence of her own problems;
until the end, a person does not understand why others react strangely or even embitteredly or refuse to make contact;
the patient is not aware of her own statements, actions and actions;
there is no logic of statements when communicating with a psychiatrist.

Secondary signs

Secondary signs that develop over the course of the disease are actively supplemented by personality mutations:

constant depression and aggressive reaction to conversations and questions;
minimal activity in society, lack of interest in professional and family responsibilities;
all day the patient can be immobilized and look at one point;
constant immersion in an invented inner world;
aggression, irritability and ignoring in relation to the interlocutor;
denial of mental problems and rejection of any help.

Appearance-related features:

poor emotional sphere;
emotions are poorly expressed;
expressive facial expressions are absent;
mechanical monotonous voice;
inability to feel grief or joy;
unwillingness to take care of yourself, bad breath and unkempt appearance;
wearing untidy and often torn clothes.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the severity of the disease and the complexity of the symptoms, it is customary to distinguish the following forms of the disease.

Severe form

Particularly severe and advanced cases are characterized by the presence of delusional ideas, as well as tactile, olfactory, visual and sound hallucinations.

In reality, voices, images, visions and even full-fledged worlds are perceived by ear and visually, in which the patient is comfortable and well. Over time, the personality is transformed completely, cases of suicide are not uncommon.

In the vast majority of cases the female part of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is characterized by the absence coldness, irritability and aggression, sharp attacks of behavior are not characteristic of them, as well as the complete avoidance of social contacts. Often the patient does not need isolation, and relatives, for their part, should show increased attention and care towards her. Scientific data do not have data on a complete recovery.

Sluggish form

Often, the primary signs of a sluggish form do not develop further. If this happens, there is a development of delusions of unreasonable jealousy, as well as a significant decrease in interest regarding the upbringing of one's own children. Also, a woman may refuse to pursue career growth and housekeeping.

The sluggish form is not socially dangerous at all, while the psychiatrist must strictly control the treatment process.

postpartum schizophrenia

The key cause of a personality disorder after childbirth is powerful psychological and physical stress, and an additional provoking factor is the weakness of the psyche of the woman giving birth and a special susceptibility to external influences. This form of the disease is very rare, and the probability is almost negligible. However, provoking factors still exist:

lack of communication;
depression and loneliness;
hereditary predisposition.

It is incredibly easy to notice such a mental disorder, since the symptoms are quite pronounced and healthy people are completely uncharacteristic.

This is a pathological delusion, a refusal to perform maternal duties, as well as a rejection of the baby. After the most pronounced symptoms fade away, there is a complete alienation in relation to your child.

In special cases, the mother may even deny that she gave birth. In such situations, it is important to stop the symptoms through the use of medications.

In no case should relatives and friends distance themselves from the patient, on the contrary, it is necessary to carefully monitor her condition, help take care of the newborn and communicate with the patient herself.

You should know that even if the patient is diagnosed with the disorder in question, she has every chance to live fully and find happiness.

Treatment

Previously, hospitalization was mandatory and the only treatment for the personality disorder in question, but over time, it came to the attention of physicians that the consequences of inpatient treatment are overwhelmingly negative.

Modern treatment involves biological therapy, social rehabilitation and psychotherapy.

Types of biological therapy:

pharmacological;
phototherapy and sleep deprivation, if necessary, to treat affective disorders;
dietary unloading in the treatment of a sluggish form;
detoxification;
electro-convulsive;
insulin-coma therapy and psychosurgery.

Principles of medical treatment:

formation of remission up to one year;
langity of treatment and relief of symptoms up to six months;
treatment begins before the manifest stage, during this period three drugs are used and their action is controlled;
psychological contact with the doctor is gradually being established;
using a psychosocial approach.

Among the topical drugs for the treatment of the disease among women, it is worth highlighting nootropic drugs, anxiolytics, psychostimulants, antidepressants, as well as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics.

Medical prevention of exacerbations

During periods of exacerbation, schizophrenia is especially difficult, therefore, at the moments of remission, it is important to take certain medications, among which antipsychotics are especially effective.

Their use is justified by the dopamine theory of the development of the disease. It is generally accepted that patients with this diagnosis have a high level of dopamine, which precedes norepinephrine. Also, a violation of serotonergic mediation is found in parallel.

Haloperidol is the current standard of care for this disorder in women, while traditional antipsychotics produce side effects.

Atypical antipsychotics have also been used frequently in recent times and include Abilefay, Serroquel, Clozepine, Respiredon, and Alanzepine.

With rare use, remission can be achieved by taking prolonged drugs, such as Rispolept-consta, Moditen-depot and Haloperidol-decanoate.

Oral drugs should be preferred because injection into a vein or muscle causes peak blood levels and is associated with violence.

The relevance of hospitalization is observed only in severe forms, which are accompanied by aggressive behavior, psychomotor agitation, suicidal thoughts, the presence of hallucinosis, as well as weight loss by 20% and refusal to eat.

It is often difficult for women to convince that their condition is pathological and they are not aware of their own condition. Hospitalization is required if the condition deteriorates rapidly and significantly, and only a psychiatrist after a thorough examination can make a decision.

With the timely diagnosis of female schizophrenia, it is quite easy to achieve relief of symptoms and ensure the patient a full life. In most cases, it does not pose a danger to society if the treatment is carried out properly.

An interesting film about how the wife is ill with schizophrenia. If it weren’t for her husband’s betrayal, everything would have been different ... Cheating happened and a woman must learn to live with the disease among the healthy. An attempt to understand herself and the world around her leads to the realization that the world is sick no less than she is, and that every person deserves love and compassion.