Why does silver turn black? Why does the silver ring on the finger turn black Why does the silver on the finger darken

Silver products have always attracted attention with their mysticism. However, silver sooner or later loses its appeal. Why does silver turn black?

Silver is a difficult material. Unlike gold, it does not impress with luxurious brilliance, glamour, or high price. Silver needs an extremely refined aesthetic taste and painstaking, filigree work.

The properties of silver have been known since ancient times. Like gold, it is very rare in nature in its pure form (it is not smelted from ore). This determines a rather significant place in the culture and traditions of many peoples. For example, it is believed that from the presence in the body of a large amount of negative energy, which takes on the influence of damage or the evil eye.

In some eastern countries, it is generally accepted that this metal is a link between the worlds of the living and the dead. Through this channel, information from the subtle world of spirits comes to a living person. And if the silver turned black, then this indicates that the person managed to avoid a huge problem thanks to the support of the spirits.

With silver, as well as with other precious metals, many legends, legends, mythical beliefs are associated. So, wearing a ring on the ring finger relieves excessive tension in the blood vessels, and therefore leads to pressure stabilization. It is also believed that the silver jewelry on the index finger helps to normalize bowel function and eliminate wrinkles.

There is an opinion that silver has a positive effect on the human nervous system, so it is recommended to wear jewelry around the neck.

For a favorable effect on the heart, it is advised to wear jewelry on the little finger of the left hand. Definitely, the useful properties of this metal are obvious.

The main causes of darkening of the metal

If the silver jewelry has darkened, you should not panic, as there are many reasons for this phenomenon. It is necessary to take into account the sample, the chemical composition of the product, and the humidity of the environment. Silver jewelry contains a fairly large number of different compounds, such as copper (which leads to the oxidation of the product). And the main oxidizing agent is sweat, in addition to salts, containing amino acids, which include sulfur. Reacting with silver, sulfur forms silver sulfide (dark coating on the surface of the product). It has been proven that under the influence of sulfur-containing compounds blackens silver.

Jewelry blackens not only from silver, but even from gold. The reason for this may vary. Emotional stress, stress, strong feelings make changes in the work of the sebaceous glands, and sweating may increase. The same reaction of precious metals can occur under the influence of hormonal changes in the body or when using a new cream. Medicines have the same effect.

If silver has turned black, some experts attribute this reaction to disorders in the liver and kidneys. But there is no proof or confirmation of this. If there are changes in the body, the presence of symptoms of diseases, you should immediately consult a doctor. If everything is in order, then there is no cause for concern. Though from the preventive point of view it is possible to address to the endocrinologist.

Sometimes only some parts of the product turn black. For example, on the finger it can turn black only from the inside. This is because the inner side adheres more closely to the skin and thus oxidizes more.

In some cases, blackening of silver is not limited to jewelry. They change the color of the interior product, etc. The question arises: what is the cause in this case? A person rarely touches these things, and the skin does not come into contact with metal. Silver turns black not only when interacting with a person, but also under the influence of factors from the outside world, for example, the composition of the air.

There are times when silver brightens when used. This fact is associated with impaired functioning of the kidneys, since nitrogen-containing substances are released that react with silver jewelry.

Silver Care

A fairly large range of special products is offered for cleaning silver products. They can be purchased both in jewelry stores and in places where household chemicals are sold. However, these tools can be expensive and ineffective. You can use the services of jewelry workshops.

But there are many simple and affordable recipes. In order to, there are many options. The simplest is with a brush with soda and salt. You can replace it with toothpaste, or even better with powder. Ashes or ash mixed with ammonia and warm alkaline (soapy) water are also used. Some recommend soaking silverware in water after boiling potatoes.

Silver jewelry is popular due to the attractive appearance and properties of this noble metal. But over time, jewelry can change, lose its former gloss. An unpleasant coating appears on it, visually similar to artificial blackening. So why does silver darken on the human body? What is the cause of such a transformation, and how to avoid it?

What do the omens say

In folk tales, legends and other stories, silver is often mentioned as a powerful energy tool. It kills werewolves, protects from evil spirits, plays an important role in magical rituals. The church rite of consecration of water is also carried out using Argentum spoons, pre-charged with special prayers. Therefore, believers and people inclined to magical thinking take the change in the state of the metal very seriously. Here's how they explain the reasons why silver can darken.

On the limbs

Most often, jewelry can be seen on the hand: fingers or wrist. But there are also bracelets on the legs. The latter option does not have a special sacred meaning, since from ancient times it was used exclusively as a symbol of human prosperity. But the silver ring darkens for a reason. It is believed that a crown of celibacy was placed on a girl with a blackened decoration on her finger. If a man wears a ring, then the life of a bachelor awaits him. Turning to the medium for help, you can avert misfortune from yourself and return the former gloss to the metal.

The darkening of the bracelet on the wrist is not considered separately from other jewelry. According to folk signs, in this way the metal protects its owner from evil forces, damage, evil eye, failures or diseases. If the color changed, then the person was attacked by magic, but silver saved him from trouble. It is for this reason that amulets and charms are often made from argentum.

On the neck

Not only jewelry, but any silver items can turn black. Dishes changed in this way testify to the presence of evil spirits in the room. The best way to get rid of uninvited neighbors is to sprinkle with holy water. Not without reason, on the feast of Epiphany, Christians have a custom to call a priest to conduct the rite of purification of the house. The ancient Slavs used wormwood and garlic for this purpose, hanging bundles and bundles of plants at doors or windows.

Scientific arguments

Progress contributes to the formation of other, more mundane versions of many misunderstood incidents to mankind. So there is a new explanation of why the silver on the human body turns black. At the same time, the opinions of scientists also do not always coincide. But in one thing they are in solidarity: an unpleasant gray-black color is associated with sweating.

Silver itself is a soft substance. So that things made from it do not crumble and do not break, argentum is mixed with other metals. Copper is present in all alloys, and it oxidizes when interacting with sulfur.

In turn, human sweat is a waste product of the body. Among other components, it contains sulfur. In contact with earrings in the ears, chest or other jewelry, it enters into a chemical reaction. In this case, it does not collapse, but is covered with dark silver sulfide. Therefore, blackening is not an inevitable or irreversible problem. The main thing is to find and eliminate the factors affecting the state of the appearance of products.

Reasons for darkening:

diseases of the internal organs
stress
alloy composition and quality
hormonal changes
high air humidity

Doctors believe that the color can change with problems with the kidneys, liver or gallbladder. In such cases, the sweat becomes more acidic and caustic, so the silver reaction is enhanced. This also includes the reaction of the body to the use of certain types of drugs, the remains of which are excreted through the sweat glands.
The amount of sulfur also increases during training in the gym, lifting weights, playing sports. The body tenses up, makes a lot of effort to perform certain actions. There is no need to think for a long time why the silver chain with the pendant darkens, because there are a large number of pores on the chest.
In stressful situations, the body also reacts violently. Sweating profusely, it tries to get rid of excess negativity, calm the nervous system. This reason should not be overlooked in the busy pace of life.
The more impurities in silver, the more often and stronger it darkens. This way you can determine the quality and sample of metal products. Sometimes blackening is applied on purpose, to create a special effect of jewelry.
The ratio of sweat components also changes during periods of hormonal surges. Pregnancy or problems with the endocrine system can lead to such not very pleasant consequences. The unattractive dullness worn on the body will disappear after the restoration of the natural level of hormones.
Another reason why silver changes color when worn is atmospheric conditions. Plaque forms with high humidity or prolonged contact with water. Therefore, it is not recommended to bathe in the bath or swim with any jewelry on the body.

How to clean silver

Silver polishing cloth as a gift! !

Now you know why a silver chain turns black, or any other creation of jewelers. But what if it has already happened?

In some cases, the metal may brighten suddenly, without third-party intervention. After all, sweat also contains nitrogen nitrates, which destroy argentum sulfide. If their concentration increases, then a kind of cleaning of products will occur.

Ancient people attributed to silver the ability to purify everything that this material touches. White metal was the personification of pristine undefiled beauty, virginity, purity. Therefore, church attributes were made from it: crosses, salaries, bowls, and so on.

Many women prefer silver jewelry to jewelry and bijouterie made from other materials. But sometimes the surface of your favorite thing suddenly darkens. Why the silver ring on the finger turns black, magicians and scientists know. If silver darkens on you, listen to the opinion of both.

The magical properties of silver

Blackened silver causes alertness. In ancient times, white noble metal was actively used against witches, vampires and other evil spirits. Today, silver is used to make amulets.

Magical abilities of silver:

purification of the human aura;
stimulation of spiritual development;
accumulation of negative influences from outside;
absorption and storage of magical effects;
healing of wounds, curing of diseases;
rejuvenation and strengthening of the body;
protection from the evil eye, damage, malicious intent of enemies, love spell.

Darkened silver jewelry indicates trouble in the human aura. This may be a consequence of the evil eye or an emerging disease that does not yet show clear symptoms. Silver jewelry also turns black on people who are often angry and in a bad mood.

Silver jewelry has a beneficial effect on the beautiful half of humanity. The impact is activated at night under moonlight.

Silver - "yin" metal resonates with female energy, enhances sexual attractiveness, intuition, the gift of clairvoyance and other paranormal abilities of the owner of jewelry.

But with representatives of the stronger sex, the situation is different. A man must definitely combine white metal with gold jewelry so as not to become too sensitive and sentimental when wearing silver gizmos.

The main causes of darkening of the metal

If the silver ring has darkened, it has always been considered a bad omen, a sign that there was trouble next to the person or he was subjected to magical influences. Silver actively absorbs the energy of the surrounding space. And since the metal has darkened, it means that the energy is not favorable.

Folk signs why the silver thing turned black:

The silver ring on the finger of a young woman or girl has darkened - an indicator of the presence of a “crown of celibacy”, stable bad luck in love.
Blackened earrings - a consequence of the evil eye.
The pectoral cross darkened - the thing averted damage or a curse. Often after this, the cross is lost,.
Silver decor items or cutlery changed color, dishes - evidence of the presence of evil spirits in the house.

It is believed that when the damage or the evil eye stops, then the metal will brighten. But it is better not to sit idly by, but to clean the silver and remove the curse.

There is an opinion among the people that darkened silver is a sign of health problems.

There is some truth in this. Jewelry comes into contact with the skin, which is covered with sweat. While a person is healthy, there is little secretion, copper in the composition of silver oxidizes slowly. But under the influence of hormonal disruptions (for example, during pregnancy or menopause), stress, taking specific medications, the amount and composition of sweat changes, so silver quickly becomes covered with plaque and even turns black.

Even superstitious people believe that silver darkens due to liver and kidney disease, but scientific confirmation of this hypothesis has not yet been received. Still, pay attention to which of the jewelry has darkened, and where you usually have them. After that, the correct conclusion can be drawn.

Silver Care

If it was possible to establish the cause of the darkening of silver jewelry, you can begin to clean the item. There are special chemical compositions for cleaning jewelry.

Silver items are easy to clean at home:

Rub with regular toothpaste or wet powder.
Hold it in salt water and not wear it for a while - in this way they do the energetic cleaning of the metal from the accumulated negativity.
Soak for 30 minutes in a mixture of baking soda and dish detergent, and then polish with a cloth.
Apply a solution of ammonia (1 teaspoon per 170 ml of water).

All of the above methods can be used if the product does not contain stones that can be damaged. The proposed methods are not suitable for rhodium-plated metal either.

Modern silver jewelry is plated with rhodium. They can be rinsed with warm (not hot) water and then cleaned with a special jewelry cloth.

If you use a silver item as an amulet, and you feel that its magical properties have weakened, the power of the amulet can be restored. Hold the amulet on the windowsill during the entire period of the growing moon, starting from. Then rinse the thing in running water, the magic item will again protect you.

Silver jewelry should be treated like jewelry. Do not wear them for sports or dirty work. If silver things have turned black, you need to pay attention to health, undergo an examination by a doctor, and reconsider your habits. Believers should visit the church, confess, take communion and read more prayers.

Misfortune, various hardships, as well as moments of true happiness accompany a person's life every day. The power of faith in the best encourages people to create various amulets, but do they work?

The “Save and Save” ring is the bearer of the strongest prayer, which means that it is in the power to preserve and protect not the human shell - the body, but something more - the soul of a person.

The "Save and Save" ring is a Christian amulet that has its own wearing rules and signs that you should study before putting the ring on your finger.

There are many signs, predictions, superstitions associated with wearing or not wearing the symbols of faith by a Christian. There is nothing wrong with any of the paths a person chooses. The main thing is faith inside - with the heart, devotion to God and observance of all his commandments.

A pectoral cross, rings, icons are just a reminder, an additional image with which it is easier for a person to materialize what he believes in. And only true faith can fill these things with the power that people write about.

Silver ring "Save and save".

The ring itself can be made in several versions:

a prayer may be written inside the ring;
or words can be engraved on the outside of it.

Is it possible to wear the "Save and Save" ring

There are people who are concerned about the question: is it possible to wear the “Save and Save” ring every day without taking it off, others are concerned about wearing the ring as an engagement ring, others are interested in when exactly can you wear the ring?

There are no clear rules for wearing this ring. It can be worn without taking off, like a talisman, you can wear it when going to church. This is the choice of each individual, made according to his faith.

Save and Save wedding rings, can Save and Save rings be engagement rings

Despite all the superstitions, neither the church nor government agencies can require certain types of rings. Because there are no standards. therefore, you can safely choose the "Save and Save" ring as an engagement ring.

People believe that Save and Save rings can help protect a young family from evil tongues and help overcome all difficulties.

According to signs, a damaged ring is a harbinger of imminent failure. Therefore, it is recommended to replace it, but in the near future one should behave quite carefully. As for wedding rings, both are recommended to change. Even if only one was damaged. Rings should not be thrown away, or dubious rituals should be performed. It is enough to give them to the church, or donate to charity (if the rings are made of precious metal).

Church rings "Save and save", essence

The “Save and Save” ring itself can hardly be called a talisman. This is a decoration on which the words of a short main prayer are engraved. To put it simply, the words on the ring completely repeat the prayer from the pectoral cross. And, if the latter, it happens, the person did not put on, then the ring is often worn without removing it.

The essence of the "Save and Save" ring is not to save the human body. Its essence lies in the salvation of the soul by reminding a person of faith in God, in His strength and power.

The "Save and Save" ring changes color, why

Wearing a “Save and Save” chameleon ring on your finger, you can not only find out about the state of the soul and body of its owner, but also in some cases predict something bad. This feature of the ring makes it unique, as it helps to prevent the worst consequences.

But the change in the color of a ring made of precious metals is associated by many with a threat to the life of its owner. But do not despair, perhaps the ring just needs to be cleaned.

The "Save and Save" ring burst, good or bad

The Christian faith came to Russia to replace paganism. No matter how much the Church tried to get rid of pagan signs and rituals, faith in some nevertheless firmly strengthened among the people.

For example, no matter how much the clergy repeat that nothing bad awaits the owner of a broken ring, there is an opinion among the people that this is unfortunately. However, it is worth noting that people have found a way out of this situation. A broken ring is believed to ward off misfortune from its owner. thus a man paid off the grief that awaited him with his property.

How to wear the "Save and Save" ring correctly

Regarding the rules for wearing rings, it is worth noting that they can be worn on any finger. However, the church insists that this ring should not be worn on the ring finger of the hand if it is not a wedding ring.

Also, due to the fact that the ring wears the main prayer, it is necessary to wear it so that the words are addressed to the wearer, and not vice versa.

Gold ring "Save and save", silver ring "Save and save": which is better?

The abundance of jewelry and materials allows you to choose a ring for every taste: gold, silver, gilding, wood, metal, precious stone.

It is believed that there is no difference in what it is made of

Where is the best place to buy the "Save and Save" ring

The Save and Save ring is an attribute of the Christian faith. It is not intended to show one's status, condition, or religion. Its goal is to preserve the spirituality of man, fidelity to God.

Therefore, many clergy emphasize the importance of acquiring a product in the church. Although, they do not exclude the possibility of acquiring a ring in a jewelry store, or made to order.

The meaning of the color of the ring "Save and save"

The “Save and Save” chameleon ring is especially popular among young people, as well as as a gift to a relative / loved one, as the ring signals an upcoming problem by changing color.

The designations are no different from a regular ring that changes color:

The blue color of the jewelry speaks of the inner harmony of its owner.
The green color of the ring speaks of calmness and balance.
The yellow color indicates a feeling of anger.
The brown color may indicate that a person needs the support of loved ones.
The black color of the ring indicates a depressed state, or depression.
Amber - about an important choice that the owner of the ring cannot make.
Gray color indicates the approaching state of black. This means that a person is on the verge of an angry outburst.
Violet color speaks about love affairs, pleasant feelings, or pleasure.
Red color is a banner of experienced passion, love, and sometimes anger.
Orange color means that a person is on the eve of an important event, and therefore experiences a certain nervousness.

What is the dream of the ring "Save and save"

A dreamed ring in a dream can interpret the relationship of a sleeping person with loved ones, or lovers. Also, often the ring interprets partnerships, alliances, or alliances.

The golden ring can predict the next success, a good deal, wealth, or the fulfillment of a wish. But silver, often, speaks of certain successes in work, achieving certain successes, moving up the career ladder.

To receive a ring in a dream means that the other half may be going to make a marriage proposal. But the handed ring by a business partner means the obligatory success of these relations, or a successful next deal.

Losing a wedding ring in a dream may indicate lost love between spouses, a bursting ring may indicate that relations between spouses have cooled, or a break in relations is approaching.

If the ring darkens in a dream, this may indicate that a person has ceased to appreciate what he has. But the rusty ring dreams of a damaged relationship. A dirty ring can be a sign of betrayal, or betrayal of a loved one.

Blackened ring "Save and save": why?

According to popular superstition, a blackened ring is a harbinger of something bad. However, the negative does not concern the personal life of the owner. Rather, misfortune can affect human health.

do not repair what is not taught;
do not get involved in disputes and fights;
it is worth protecting yourself from weather disasters;
Pay special attention to your physical and psychological condition.

Does the "Save and Save" ring save?

Having dealt with the meaning of the “Save and Save” ring, it is worth considering what exactly the ring itself saves from, and does it have power?

A person may believe that the “Save and Save” ring is a talisman, may consider that this is another souvenir for tourists, just another decoration, or additional income for the Church. However, one thing remains obvious - the power of the ring is in its true purpose. Looking at him with his will, or simply at a subconscious level, a person reads the cherished prayer words, saving his sinful soul, preparing it for the highest destiny that the Lord God has prepared for everyone.

Silver is one of the most popular precious metals. It is an excellent alternative to many other materials. Often silver products are chosen by those who do not like gold. And this is a great option.

When purchasing various silver jewelry, be prepared that these products can not only turn black, but also turn yellow. Why is this happening? There may be more than enough reasons. We will talk about this and much more in more detail in this article.

It is very important to properly care for these jewelry at home in order to prevent damage to these products. But more on that later. To begin with, we will nevertheless find out what are the main reasons that such a noble and precious metal as silver begins to turn yellow.

Silver belongs to the precious metals, is included in the group of noble, along with many others. These jewels have been known to mankind for several millennia.

During all this time, the most observant people managed to notice that metals do not corrode, do not become covered with a coating of various colors after exposure to alkalis, acids, etc.

Such properties of jewelry are explained quite easily: the presence of high resistance to chemical influences of the environment. Therefore, the reasons that silver begins to turn yellow lie far from the surface. Why does silver turn yellow? The main factors provoking the development of yellowness of silver products are include the following:

emissions of sulfur in the air from those items that are made from special rubber. This includes various rubberized capes, boots, seals in kitchen furniture, windows and doors, etc.;
sulfur compounds in wrapping paper, cardboard, clothes, these substances are subsequently not removed in any way and, having firmly settled in the room, begin to stand out and provoke the development of a yellow tint in precious silver items;
sulfur and sodium thiosulfate are in contact with each other. The latter component is actively used in the food industry as a complexing agent and oxidizing agent. In addition, it is used to remove bleach from cotton in the textile industry;
medicines containing bromine, iodine, as well as various cosmetics, household chemicals, building materials and other things;
exposure to sulfur compounds. When mixed with water, sulfur-based acids can occur, which negatively affects silver products;
waste emissions from industrial enterprises, man-made sources that spread in the air also provoke the development of a yellow tint in silver;
Another reason that silver begins to turn yellow is the state of human health. The secretions (sweat, breath, etc.) of the human body also contribute to the appearance of a yellow tint;
yellowed products may not be made of silver, but of an alloy - that is, you can purchase a fake made of copper and bronze. To exclude this option, you can conduct an examination of products that have changed color. This is done in a short time and at the same time it is inexpensive.

Under the influence of negative factors, silver first begins to turn yellow, and then acquires a darker shade, eventually turning into a black material. It is very difficult to get rid of this plaque later, therefore it is recommended not to start the oxidation process.

Pure metals do not turn yellow

It is worth noting that only pure metals, which are manufactured at special factories that carry out a complete cleaning of products, are not exposed to yellowness. Thus, various foreign impurities in such products are minimal. Often they are only a few grams per kilogram.

This is all, of course, good, but, despite the fact that these products do not turn yellow, they have another more significant drawback - low strength. In this regard, manufacturers use alloys of several metals at once, for example, silver with platinum, gold, nickel and other components.

This composition of silver increases its mechanical characteristics, polishing stability, etc. Thanks to the composition used, it is possible to achieve the desired shade of jewelry, but this is a very controversial issue.

Why improve one quality to worsen another? After all, it is not known what is even better. The more other metals in the alloy - nickel, zinc and others - the faster the jewelry will become covered with plaque, which is then not so easy to clean.

How to care for silver products to avoid yellowness?

Every owner of silver jewelry dreams that her wealth retains its former brilliance, color and beauty for as long as possible. Is it possible to do it yourself, at home, without spending a lot of money? Quite, if you properly care for silver things and adhere to a few simple rules.

Put all silver items in their places, store them in special boxes (preferably made of wood) so that they do not lie anywhere. It would be ideal if the selected silver jewelry box closes tightly and contains cotton or linen inside.
To store silver items, you can also use special bags with a clasp, which are very common today, you can buy them at any jewelry store.
If you do not plan to use silver items for a long time, then it is better to provide them with special storage conditions: wrap them in special paper, wrap them as tightly as possible to prevent air from entering the jewelry.
After you use your silver item, be sure to wash it in warm soapy water, preferably with baking soda. You can use brushes with soft bristles so as not to scratch the surface of the product. Wipe each item dry with a napkin or towel so that the chain does not dry on its own. Remove dry silver in a box (see recommendations above). In order to prevent yellowness, we also recommend that you wipe silver items daily with a flannel cloth.

If you follow all these rules and are a neat person, then you will be able to keep silver jewelry in its original form. But sometimes the circumstances are different, and the jewelry fails to preserve the color and brilliance. What to do in this case?

How to deal with already manifested yellowness? Are there any universal and truly effective methods? Of course, the main thing is not to panic too much. You can always correct any flaws that have arisen on silver products. The main thing is to take it as seriously as possible.

Basic ways to clean yellowed silver

So, how to effectively clean silver if it suddenly turned yellow? The most popular techniques include several methods.

Place all yellowed products in a stainless steel container; enamelware is quite suitable. Pour them with soda, it is not necessary to pour out the entire pack so that the jewelry is completely covered in soda. After that, fill them with boiling water completely. You have to wait until the water cools down. After that, rinse the products with clean water and dry them with a napkin.
Many resort to another popular way to clean silver - rub it with toothpaste. This technique is very common, probably, it was used by many. The main thing is not to overdo it in your efforts and do not rub cracks and scratches on your jewelry. For cleaning, you can use a simple toothbrush, on which the paste is applied.
Use GOI paste, applying it to a woolen cloth and gently rubbing the silver item. After that, wash the silver in warm soapy water. If the yellow spots have not disappeared, then you can repeat this procedure. Instead of GOI paste, you can use lipstick, but do not forget about the grease-removing rinse.
Another popular recipe is the use of gruel made from soda and water in the following proportions: mix 500 ml of warm water with 2 tablespoons of soda. At the same time, it is necessary to put foil in the container in which this mixture is prepared. Products are dipped into this composition. It is necessary to wait a few minutes, and then properly wash the jewelry with clean water and be sure to wipe it dry.
You need to take soda, add water to it to make a slurry and wipe the silver item well. Or take a container, lay out the walls and bottom with foil, pour 0.5 liters of water 70-80 degrees, pour 1-2 tbsp. spoons of soda. Dip the silver for a few minutes. Then rinse and dry. This method shows how to clean silver with foil.

In addition to the methods described above, citric acid, ammonia, table vinegar, and nail polish remover, preferably alcohol-based, are suitable for cleaning silver from yellow spots.

Using these tools, you will not spend a lot of free time and money. It's very simple and cheap.

Now you know why silver items turn yellow and how to deal with it. Take good care of your jewelry and take good care of it at all times. Then you will not have any problems with changing the color of silver jewelry.