Mineral fertilizers applied in autumn should contain a minimum amount of nitrogen. However, you also need to make them wisely, especially if you want to mix several components.

Most often, one-sided (which contain one nutrient) fertilizers are mixed - it is easier to bring the content of one or another nutrient to the desired value, although it is not forbidden to mix both complex and complex (with several nutrients) fertilizers. However, three negative scenarios are possible.

1. The physical properties of the mixture will be worse compared to the original fertilizers. This happens when mixing urea or ammonium nitrate and insufficiently dry superphosphate. The mixtures are wet, poorly dispersed. If you are not going to apply the mixture immediately after mixing, it is also not recommended to mix potassium salts, phosphate slag or tomasslag. This will result in the formation of highly hygroscopic calcium chloride and the finished product will cake.

2. Nutrients will be converted into a less accessible form for plants, due to the fact that the constituents of the mixed fertilizers will chemically react with each other. An example of the second scenario is the mixing of superphosphate and alkaline fertilizers (phosphate slag, tomass slag, calcium cyanamide, lime, ash, etc.). In this case, the availability of phosphorus for plants from the mixture, and, consequently, its efficiency is sharply reduced.

3. The finished mixture will lose some of the nutrients. This rule concerns, first of all, nitrogen fertilizers. It is unacceptable to mix all ammonia salts (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammophos, diammophos, etc.) with alkaline fertilizers, such as phosphate rock, potash (potassium carbonate), phosphate slag, thermophosphate, as well as with lime materials - lime, chalk, dolomite or cement dust.

This leads to gaseous losses of nitrogen - ammonia volatilizes from the mixture.

Sodium and potassium nitrate should not be mixed with acidic superphosphate containing a lot of free phosphoric acid. Nitrogen losses from such a mixture are also inevitable, but in the form of nitrogen oxides.

However, the moisture content of mixed fertilizers should also be mentioned. If it is excessively high, the mixture will not be free-flowing, which means that it will be difficult to evenly apply it to the soil. The maximum permissible moisture content in ammonium nitrate should be no more than 0.2-0.3%, in urea - 0.2 * 0.25%, in superphosphates - no more than 3%. If the fertilizer is granular, high humidity will cause the granules to break down.

Reminder when mixing several fertilizers

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There are rules for mixing fertilizers, especially mineral ones. Gardeners often apply two or three different fertilizers to the soil at the same time. To save time and labor, it is more convenient to pre-mix them in the right ratio. However, it must be borne in mind that some fertilizers can be mixed immediately before being applied to the soil, while some cannot be mixed at all.

For example, fertilizers containing ammonia nitrogen (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammophos, etc.) cannot be mixed with alkaline ones (ash, tomasslag), as ammonia is released and nitrogen is lost. The same reaction is observed in the interaction of ammonium nitrate with lime.

When powdered superphosphate is mixed with ammonium nitrate or carbamide (synthetic urea), the physical properties of fertilizers change, a dense mass is formed that cannot be dispersed. These substances can be added together only after a preliminary addition to superphosphate of limestone, bone meal or forforite meal (15-20% by weight of superphosphate).

A mixture of superphosphate with ammonium sulfate hardens quickly, so it must be crushed before being applied to the soil.

Most mineral fertilizers dissolve in water, so they must be stored in waterproof containers such as plastic bags.

Fertilizers that can be mixed and stored for a long time

1. Sodium and potassium nitrate is mixed with lime fertilizers, phosphate rock, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ash, ammonium nitrate, carbamide (urea).
2. Calcium nitrate - with phosphate rock.
3. Lime fertilizers - with sodium and potassium nitrate, ash.
4. Manure - with carbamide, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, phosphate rock, superphosphate.
5. Superphosphate - with potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
6. Phosphorite flour - with manure, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ash, ammonium nitrate.
7. Potassium chloride - with superphosphate, manure, sodium and potassium nitrate, carbamide (urea), ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate.
8. Potassium sulfate - with potassium chloride, superphosphate, manure, sodium and potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, ash, ammonium nitrate.
9. Ash - with potassium sulfate, phosphate rock, lime fertilizers, sodium and potassium nitrate.
10. Ammonium nitrate - with potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, phosphate rock, sodium and potassium nitrate, carbamide.
11. Carbamide (urea) - with sodium and potassium nitrate, manure, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate.
12. Ammonium sulfate - with phosphate rock, potassium sulfate.

Mixtures that are prepared immediately before application

1. Potassium and sodium nitrate are mixed with calcium nitrate, superphosphate.
2. Calcium nitrate - with lime fertilizers, potassium sulfate, ash.
3. Lime fertilizers - with calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
4. Manure - with ammonium sulfate.
5. Superphosphate - with sodium and potassium nitrate, carbamide, ammonium nitrate.
6. Phosphorite flour - with urea, potassium chloride.
7. Potassium chloride - with phosphate rock, lime fertilizers.
8. Potassium sulfate - with phosphate rock, lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate.
9. Ash - with calcium nitrate.
10. Ammonium nitrate - with superphosphate.
11. Carbamide (urea) - with phosphate rock, superphosphate, ammonium sulfate.
12. Ammonium sulfate - with carbamide, manure, lime fertilizers.

Fertilizers, mixing of which

1. Sodium and potassium nitrate should not be mixed with manure, ammonium sulfate.
2. Calcium nitrate - with manure, superphosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate.
3. Lime fertilizers - with urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate rock, superphosphate, manure.
4. Manure - with lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate, sodium and potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ash.
5. Superphosphate - with lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ash, phosphorite flour.
6. Phosphorite flour - with superphosphate, lime fertilizers.
7. Potassium chloride - with calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate.
8. Ash - with superphosphate, manure, carbamide, ammonium nitrate.
9. Ammonium nitrate - with ash, manure, lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate.
10. Carbamide (urea) - with ash, lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate.
11. Ammonium sulfate - with sodium, potassium and calcium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate.

As for the enriched mixture and the method of its preparation, as the author of the letter pointed out, when mineral fertilizers are introduced into the compost tank without taking into account their chemical characteristics, a large loss of nitrogen is inevitable, an imbalance in the mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Foliar feeding is a great way to supplement plant nutrition with the necessary elements. However, the use of more than one component in a solution may cause precipitation in the form of insoluble salts.

In case we want to introduce several nutrients at the same time, it is better to use ready-made complex fertilizers for foliar feeding. They are balanced in composition, often have adjuvants to better fix the solution and a certain pH value, which affects the supply of nutrients and the properties of the solution. On the Ukrainian market, the choice of such fertilizers is very wide.

However, it often happens that there is no extra money, but there are simple fertilizers available. In this case, it is also possible to prepare a solution for foliar feeding, however, it is necessary to mix the fertilizers correctly. Compatibility of fertilizers used for foliar feeding is presented in the table:

Compatible fertilizers are diluted in the total container of the mother liquor. For partially compatible and incompatible it is necessary to use a separate container of stock solution. Concentrated solutions of phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers are not mixed in the same tank with calcium or magnesium. This will prevent the formation of insoluble compounds.

As for trace elements, chelates are certainly more effective, but they also cost a lot. In horticulture, for example, it is sometimes more economical to use higher concentrations of inorganic salts.

When preparing a mother solution of simple salts of trace elements, it is necessary to observe the sequence of mixing the elements. First of all, 1.5 g of boric acid is dissolved in 150 ml of hot water and transferred to a 1 liter volumetric flask. To a hot solution of boric acid (carefully and slowly along the edge of the flask) add 20 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. Separately dissolve 0.2 g of zinc sulfate in 50 ml of hot water and pour into the previous solution. Then dissolve 12.5 g of ferrous sulfate in 150 ml of hot water and pour into a volumetric flask. Manganese sulfate (1.2 g), ammonium molybdate (0.2 g), cobalt nitrate (0.2 g), copper sulfate (0.2 g), potassium iodide (0.2 g) are dissolved (each salt separately) in 50 ml of water and mixed with the previous solution. Cool the flask with a solution of trace elements and add water to 1 liter. The solution should be transparent. If this technology is not followed, after 3-5 hours a precipitate of insoluble salts is formed, which is unacceptable. For 1 liter of water take 0.5 ml of the stock solution of microelements.
The use of simple foliar fertilizers has a number of disadvantages. Low degree of purity, rather poor solubility, the appearance of salt deposits, chemical burns of the leaves if the working concentration is not observed.

Recently, in order to shorten the passages of the technique, fertilizers are often mixed in the sprayer tank with plant protection products. If there is no data on drug compatibility, the next test is carried out. The components of the mixture in amounts corresponding to field application rates are placed in measuring containers of equal volume, for example, glass 3-liter jars. After preparing the working solutions of the required degree of dilution, the containers are closed and the contents are mixed, turning them over several times. The mixture is visually checked for homogeneity immediately and after settling for half an hour. Signs of incompatibility are: layer-by-layer separation of the working fluid, the formation of a layer of foam, sediment or flakes.
It should be noted that any combination that separates within 30 minutes, but is easily mixed when the container is turned over again, can be used provided that it is constantly mixed in the spray tank. If a non-dispersible oil, sediment or flakes form, the mixture is unsuitable for use.
Before industrial use, any new mixture combination should be tested on plants in the field in small plots.

"Infoindustry"

For the preparation of mixtures of mineral fertilizers, it is desirable to select fertilizers that have the same structure. It is better to mix crystalline with crystalline and powder, and granular - with granular. In this case, a greater uniformity of sieving is achieved when fertilizing.

The number of components in the mixture will depend on the biological characteristics of the culture or on the method of application. For the main soil dressing (main application), multicomponent mixtures containing three or more nutrients are most often prepared, and for top dressing, pre-sowing application, two-component mixtures may be sufficient.

Knowing the mass of a certain volume of fertilizers, when mixing, you can use such measurements that will make it possible to quickly measure the right amount and prepare a mixture with a given ratio of nutrients.

When mixing fertilizers, certain rules must be followed in order to obtain a non-hygroscopic, well spreading mixture.

Do not mix ammonia fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammophos) with alkaline fertilizers (with ash, lime, phosphate slags). When these fertilizers are mixed, nitrogen is lost in the form of gaseous ammonia.

A mixture of potassium chloride and alkaline fertilizers is unsuccessful, since the mixture is very hygroscopic and becomes damp during storage and does not dissipate well. If it is necessary to prepare such a mixture, it is not recommended to store it; it must be immediately dispersed and incorporated into the soil.

Ammonium sulfate should not be mixed with superphosphate and potassium chloride in advance. These mixtures must be prepared before being applied to the soil. During storage, they acquire unfavorable physical properties. They cake, turn into a monolithic mass and dissipate poorly. Ammophos, diammophos, nitrophoska and nitroammophoska can be a good component for mixtures. They allow you to get dry and free-flowing mixtures, and also provide a high concentration of nutrients.

It should be remembered that it is necessary to prepare any mixtures from dry fertilizers and store them in conditions that prevent the deterioration of their physical condition: in dry, well-ventilated rooms and preferably for a short time.

Schemefertilizer compatibility when mixing.

№

fertilizers

Fertilizer number

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

Ammonium sulfate

M

M

M

M

O

O

O

H

M

H

H

2

Ammophos, diammophos

M

M

M

M

O

O

O

H

O

H

H

3

Nitrophoska, ammonium nitrate

M

M

M

O

O

O

O

H

O

H

H

4

Urea

M

M

O

M

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

5

Superf-you

O

O

O

O

M

O

O

H

O

H

M

6

Phosphorite flour

O

O

O

O

O

M

O

O

O

H

M

7

Precipitate

O

O

O

O

O

O

M

O

O

H

H

8

Phosphate slag

H

H

H

O

H

O

O

M

O

O

H

9

Chlorine. potassium, potassium sulfate, potassium salt

M

M

O

O

O

O

O

M

M

O

M

10

Lime, chalk, ash

H

H

H

O

H

H

H

O

O

M

H

11

Manure, litter

H

H

H

O

M

M

H

H

M

H

M

M - you can mix; O - you can mix only before making; N - can not be mixed.

How to measure the right amount of fertilizer?

Of course, the most reliable thing is to have fairly accurate technical scales in everyday life. The market currently offers a large selection of household electronic scales at a relatively low price. The need to have accurate weights (weights) has completely disappeared.

If there are no scales, then the smallest error in determining the right amount of fertilizer will be made using the volumetric method. To do this, you need to know the volumetric mass of fertilizers, that is, the weight of 1 cubic centimeter in grams (or 1 liter in kilograms, or 1 cubic meter in tons).

Name	Bulk weight
Ammonium nitrate crystalline	0,82
Ammonium nitrate granulated	0,84
Ammonium sulfate	0,80
Urea crystalline	0,63
Urea granulated	0,65
calcium nitrate	1,0
sodium nitrate	1,20
Ammonium chloride	0,60
Superphosphate powder	1,20
Superphosphate granulated	1,10
Precipitate	0,85
Potassium salt
Potassium chloride	0,95
Kalimagnesia	1,50
cement dust	0,60
Furnace ash	0,50
Ammophos	1,10
Diammophos	0,95
Nitrophos	1,15
Nitrophoska	1,20
Nitroammophos	0,90
Nitroammophoska	0,95
diammofoska	1,00
Phosphorite flour	1,60
potassium sulfate	1,30

Various improvised containers can be used as volume meters for bulk materials, which are mineral fertilizers. So, a thin or faceted glass with a rim will hold 250 cubic centimeters of liquid and bulk material, and a faceted glass without a rim - 200. One tablespoon holds about 15 cubic centimeters of liquid, and a teaspoon - 5. Bulk materials in a tablespoon with a top make up about 25 , and in the tea room 7 ... 8 cubic centimeters.

A matchbox will hold 20 cubic centimeters of bulk material. To measure large quantities, you can use half-liter and liter glass containers and even a bucket previously measured with water. Now it is enough to multiply the volumetric mass of the fertilizer by the volume of the selected container, and you will find out the weight of the measured fertilizer.

So, crystalline ammonium nitrate, measured with a teaspoon, will weigh (0.82 x 5) - 4.1 grams, In a tablespoon it will fit (0.82 x 15) - 12.3 grams, in a matchbox (0.82 x 20 ) - 16.4 grams, in an eight-liter bucket (0.82 x 8) - 6.56 kilograms and so on. It is enough to choose a suitable container to measure the required amount of fertilizer.

What is the active ingredient of a mineral fertilizer?

So, mineral fertilizer consists of the main substance, that is, salt, which includes a nutrient, and impurities. The more basic fertilizer and less ballast, the more valuable the fertilizer. But the fertilizer value ultimately depends on what the basic substance of the fertilizer is.

Take nitrogen fertilizers as an example: in one case it can be ammonium sulfate, in the other - ammonium chloride, in the third - ammonium nitrate. The nitrogen content in each of these chemically pure salts is: 21.2% in ammonium sulfate, 26.2% in ammonium chloride and 35% in ammonium nitrate. This would be the content of the active substance in fertilizers, if they were chemically pure. However, the technology of their production and purification allows the incomplete removal of impurities, and sometimes the special introduction of some additives into the composition to improve the physical properties. Therefore, the content of the active ingredient in fertilizers is usually lower.

In modern practice, the quality of fertilizers is relatively rarely expressed by the content of the nutrient element (with the exception of nitrogen fertilizers). The assessment of phosphorus, potash, calcium, magnesium fertilizers is carried out not by the content of elements (P, K, Ca, Mg), but in terms of their oxides P 2 O 5 , K 2 O, CaO, MgO. That's the way it is with chemists. This is also true for agricultural chemists. All industrial mineral fertilizers must be accompanied by a certificate, which indicates the content of the active substance.

20 07.18

What fertilizers should not be mixed?

0

Do not forget that all fertilizers cannot calmly interact with each other. Since they contain chemical elements that can neutralize the action of each other, which can adversely affect the earth.

Every experienced gardener knows that it is not recommended to feed plants with fertilizers separately. In order to get a rich harvest in the fall, they should be thoroughly mixed. Before leaving them to be stored for a long time and prepare for application, it is recommended to adhere to some simple conditions so that there are no serious problems in the future.

What are the rules

1. Top dressing must be stored in a separate container and have a label with the name. Children and animals should not be allowed to touch them;
2. Fertilizers should stand exclusively in a dry room, as many species have the ability to dissolve;
3. Before you put them into the soil, you need to inspect it. If it has caked and turned into lumps, it should be kneaded or broken with a hammer, and if wet, dry well.

When combining various types of fertilizers, it is advisable to adhere to certain conditions, since with the wrong actions, it is possible to lose many useful substances. After all, they have the ability to volatilize, and some simply turn into a form that will be practically insoluble.

What errors can occur

Most even experienced gardeners can make stupid mistakes when applying top dressings.

The main condition is the introduction of various mineral fertilizers into the ground, distributing them in the same amount throughout the site. It is also immediately recommended to dig it in, while it is important to take into account the quality of the soil mixture.

For example, useful substances of dressings will be perfectly absorbed and fixed on clay and heavy soils. Since they will move quite slowly throughout the earth, therefore, their loss will not be great. But if the soil is sandy or sandy top dressing will be very weakly fixed and absorbed. But on the other hand, progress across the entire plot of land will be much faster, which can lead to huge losses of nutrients. Most often this occurs in regions where the humidity is very high.