Yurt from Tolto do it yourself. Yurt for giving: Modern alternative to a traditional house. Curtains, interior decoration

Yurt is the main dwelling of nomads of Central and Central Asia, as well as the southern regions of Siberia. The elders of the yurt consists of wooden lattices and stories that are covered with felt. Felt - dense material made of sheep or camels (material from which the famous felt boots are made). To get out of the wool felt, the wool needs long and with effort to mive and sort it up so that it is completely confused.
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According to the archaeologists, the first prototype of Yurts existed three thousand years ago. In the territory of the current Kazakhstan, scientists have discovered the construction of identical to the Millennium, asia nomadic tribes used. These were round or multifaceted buildings with frame walls from vertical poles, with a grille of a shoulder, with a conical or a pyramidal overlapping, based on the frame, through which he left or simply a smoke. In the center of Yurt, there is a boiler for cooking - Kazan. A hole for light and smoke is located at the very top of the dome.

Naturally, in cold or rainy days the upper hole of the yurt should be tightly closed. And it was closed with a felt (felt - the best grade of felt, which prevents wind and moisture from entering). It is the folding lattice walls that are spreading like a harmony fur found on the territory of Kazakhstan became a fundamental honors from the yurt from its predecessors that resemble ordinary shala.

The round shape and mobility of Yurts reflected both the protection from the weather and the economic structure of the nomad life. The nomadic yurt, sensitively reacts to fluctuations in temperature, meets weather changes, perfectly protects against few atmospheric precipitation, summer saves from heat, in winter - from the cold. Such a unique ability is very significant. Indeed, in some areas of Asia, the air temperature in the summer +40 C, and in the winter -30 S. nomads - the steppe people, in the steppes are frequent strong winds and real hurricanes.

The design of the yurt, consisting of a wooden grid and porous wool felt, plays the role of thermostat, while maintaining constant thermal regime inside the housing. In Yurt, it is possible to organize a circular ventilation, for which you need to slightly lift the fifue for the base, with the result that the air will be perfectly circulated. Yurt is not terrible with practically no natural cataclysms - its structure with no special problems withstands the strongest hurricanes and earthquakes.

As confirmation of the universality and comfortability of the yurt, it is appropriate to quote the rows of the great Chinese poet Boy Jüu-and, who made times when almost the entire Central Asia lived in Yurt. This is how he describes the dwelling of nomads:

Wool collected from thousands of sheep, hundreds of two rings were stuck, a round camp of coastal willows is durable, fresh, comfortable and beautiful. In the northern transparent blue, the warrior of Yurt put on the grass, and now, like a blue blade, with him it came to the south. Yurt whirlwind can not turn the chest from the rain, there is no dungeons nor angles in it, but inside cozy and warm. After the steppes and the mountains, Yurt pried to me into the courtyard. The shadow is beautiful under the moon, and in the winter it is always with me. Felt against Inea - Wall, Not Scary and Snow Pellena ...
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The dimensions of the yurt optimally correspond to the scale of the person, the internal planning takes into account the interests and tastes of its inhabitants, ensures the most comfortable economic and consumer activities in the steppe conditions.

Easy team-collapsible construction is adapted to transport on pack animals. The total weight of the yurt with furnishings is about 300-400 kg, this lifting capacity is just one camel. The diameter of the usual residential yurt is 4.5-8 m, the height in the center is 3.5-5 m. Installation or disassembly takes no more than one hour. The design of the yurt consists of nine major parts.

The walls of the walls are made of interconnected folding wooden lattices, which determine the size and capacity of the dwelling. Each lattice consists of flat rails, superimposed one on another oblique cell and bonded with rawed belts. Due to the fact that these rails are compressed or stretching the harmonica, you can vary the size of the yurt. The cooler of the roof forming the arch consists of a sided jernye, which stick up at the top in a special circle - the roof center, and on the bottom it is based on the walls of the walls.

The steppes existed yurts from small residential to huge nomadic temples and yurt-palaces. Depending on geographical conditions, the appearance of the yurt changed mainly on the number of precipitation. The dwelling could have a spherical (Mongolian type) or a conical form (Turkic type), the first roof has the form of a low cone, at the second dome. Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Karakalpakov, Uzbeks and Bashkir, were such both types, Turkmen has the Turkic type. The inner side of the walls is decorated with a straw mat. In winter, the Kazakhs hang 2-3 rows of straw mats on the walls, and the place between them is filled with straw. The floor is covered with carpets and sheepskin.

The size of the yurt was formed from its functional purpose. So, if the ordinary residential yurt of a nomad, consisting of 3-4 composite lattices-walls, was a capacity of 8-10 people, the large team-collapsible yurt-palaces of the leaders have already consisted of 10-25 lattices-walls and accommodate 50-100 people. A large portable yurt of the last Khan Mongolia accommodated 500 people.
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There were special ritual yurts - wedding and mourning. The wedding yurts were especially beautiful, the abundance of ornament and bright colors affected. But in mourning yurts, the color symbol of death was not necessarily black, like Europeans, and not only white, like Far Eastern peoples. A red cloth raised over the mourning yurt, if a young man was dying, black - if it was a middle-aged man, white - if elderly.

If you are tired of standard gazebos in the courtyard of the house, you want something exotic and at the same time cozy - try to build a real yurt with your own hands. Such a house is also portable and may well replace the tent during the trip.

We concerned the history of Yurts when they wrote about prehistoric architecture. However, now we are interested in how to build such a portable house with your own hands on our own site as a gazebo, summer kitchen, even a house for guests. Compare traditional technologies and materials that were used by many centuries, with modern opportunities that facilitate the construction of the yurt on the nursery.

The advantages of the traditional yurt include:

• Simplicity of assembly and disassembly of the whole design - with due skill and the presence of an assistant, the process takes no more than a hour or two;
• Reliability. URTA thanks to round form perfectly withstands strong winds, even hurricanes, protects against precipitation;
• You can use the Urta in contrast to conventional arbors in winter, if inside install the furnace and ensure due thickness and density of the walls. In the summer, the lifting the cat allows you to air the room and make it very cool, comfortable;
• The yurt looks very exotic, will not leave indifferent guests, inside can be decorated with carpets, other interesting details, and from above - embroidered bedspreads;
• Weigh portable yurt usually 150-200 kg, maximum - 300, so it is transported easily;
• All materials for the yurt are traditionally environmentally friendly, although now we can replace them with modern counterparts, but still there are suitable eco-friendly options.

So, the first thing you need for the construction of your own yurt is wooden slats. Traditionally they were made from black talnik, willow, growing along the banks of rivers, or birch. Now you can buy ready-made rails, a nichelter, which costs from 12 rubles for the temporon meter. Reiki must be durable to bend, because Yurt will be round. Check it simply - wait for a long rail, if it is broken with bitch and cracks.

Approximate ranges: thickness from 8 to 15 mm, width - from 25 to 40 mm, the length should be about three meters, you can 2.5 m, depending on which the height will be from your walls. To work with wooden planks, you will need a hand saw or a jigsaw to make them one length, as well as a drill to drill holes for fastening and screwdriver or screwdriver.

Historically, the rails were attached to a diagonal, oblique cell, so that the holes in the form of rhombuses were obtained, raw straps from the skipping skins associated with nodes. At the joints of the plates for this purpose, the hole was made. Now the knots from the belts can be replaced with a furniture screed of suitable size, but no one has canceled previously made holes. For example, 12 mm thick racks need a screed profile with a sleeve length of 10 mm.

If the yurt is really portable, collapsible, it is very important that the lattice from the rivers was going to harmonic! Therefore, self-tapping screws will not fit - get a fixed lattice for a gazebo.

Alternatively, you can collect a metal frame, do not argue, but it will be more severe, not authentic. In addition, it is more complicated to find suitable metal racks, and working with a metal may require additional tools, for example, grinder and drills for metal.

The sizes of the cells were traditionally described so - to pass the fist or two fists of an adult. The smaller the rhombus on the grille of the yurt, the stronger will be the design, but it will take more material. Choose the size yourself, for example, 10-15-20 cm between the planks, the main thing so that all cells were the same, and the mounts on one rail was at least five.

Usually in one section of the lattice 44 or 48 levels-rails, 22 or 24 in each direction, because they are superimposed on each other. The standard yurt is folded out of 5 or 6 such lattices, which are moved out and installed in a circle.

When the lattice walls are ready, it's time to start the roof arrangement. Here it is most important to pick up the length of the rafted under the height and sizes of your yurt, as well as make a light-chimney rim. As for the rafter, which connects the walls with the rim crowding the entire yurt, then you can take a glued bar, which is able to withstand a serious load. If Yurt is a six-meter, you will need at least 36 three meter long and 40 mm cross section. For the eight meter yurt, a rafted four meter long and a cross section of 120 by 45 mm will require at least 48. One-piece timber can be taken.

Important! It is possible to calculate the optimal number of rafters simply: how many crossings you succeeded on the lattice-wall - so much the top planks that fall into the cross.

The distance between the rafters should be at least 60 cm, the smaller - the religion will be roofing. There are yurts, where the number of rafters exceeds a hundred.

As for the rim, the light-chimney in the roof of the yurt, then it was traditionally manufactured from the trapped birch stems. This wood is not so difficult to bend, especially if you first soak, the rim can be made of two semicircular halves connecting between themselves. The tree was additionally twisted, sinking and bending with stakes.

Now the rim circle on the roof of the yurt can be made of plywood with a thickness of at least 20 mm. You will need an electrolovka, hand clamps, pendulum disk saw, plywood itself and wood glue.

Important! In the traditional yurt on top of the window-rim there are arc strips that allow you to comfortably cover the battle the hole in the roof. However, now you can do without them.

In the rim, it is necessary to cut through holes in order to insert rafters. To the lattice of the walls, the roofing beams of the yurts are traditionally attached with ropes in the places of crossing - compounds of planks. Between themselves, individual sections of the lattice are also joined by belts or rods. Throughout the diameter of the walls of the yurt, it is also advisable to stretch the cord, belt, rope to make the design even more reliable.

Separately mention about the doorway. It is prepared from the boards, the standard output is 200 per 80 cm. Must-hole through holes are drilled along the side holes of the doorway - to bore it with the walls of the wall in which it will rise. The mounting of the doorway is made by straps or rods. At the top of the shoik, the holes for inserting rafters, dome jeres are made.

The door itself may be the most ordinary, find the old interroom, if the yurt is winter - insulate the blanket or felt bedding. If the yurt is used only in the summer, it will be enough to cover the doorway with a canopy, just a beautiful curtain.

Now let's get to the coating of the yurt. Traditionally, it was covered with felt made of sheep wool. Now you can use such modern material like Hollofiber. The summer yurt on its site will be enough to cover the usual awning, tarpaulin, protecting against rain, other underfloor materials. Heat and at the same time decorate the walls can also be mats. The lattice of the wall from the inside should remain in sight, it is painted in red - this is a tradition and just an attractive version of the decor.

The coating layers in the yurt is usually at least two - external and internal, so you can not limit your fantasy and make your portable lodge surprisingly attractive both from the inside and outside with textile and nonwoven cloth.

As for the floor, it all depends on your plans regarding the operation of the yurt. If it serves solely in the summer, then let it be just textiles on the ground, light, beautiful, comfortable. Or in general the lawn on which the shops and the table for the gatherings will be standing.

For winter use, only carpets will not be enough, you need a boardwalk. Some homeowners make a light foundation, but it turns out at all the non-portable house of nomads, but a stationary gazebo.

The oven in the yurt is always put in the center, under the light-smoke hole. The chimney is set in it, and the furnace can be the usual bourgear installed on a metal sheet for safety.

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If you have a cottage plot or a great garden, sooner or later, a desire arises to get your own house, so that you can rest in nature, keep agricultural instruments or just invite guests to kebabs. But the construction of a traditional cottage is quite expensive and stretched in time. In addition, it is necessary to coordinate the project and many bureaucratic nuances in the relevant instances.

But there are modern alternative solutions that allow all the advantages of the traditional country house at a modest price. Choosing a modern dacket - Urta instead of a house. And all because it meets the basic requirements that are put forward during the construction:

• It is raised in the shortest possible time.
• It has a technological design.
• Does not require significant cash investments.
• It has the ability to refit.
• Practical and durable.

In addition to the listed advantages, performed by all the rules of Yurt, has the other advantages that we will consider below.

Yurts: Specifications of construction and operation

Yurt is a skeleton portable round house. At first glance, the dwelling may seem primitive person who lives all his life in four walls. But Yurts passed tests of thousands of years, the peoples of the Altai Territory, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongols and many nomadic tribes lived and live in such buildings.

Since the nomads came up with the yurt, it was created mobile, easily collected and disassembled. The design is raised literally for two hours. And it is even faster, you can cope in just an hour. At the same time, the dwelling established for all rules is reliably just one month, creating optimal conditions for living or resting in any season. That is why modern summer residents believe that the best house for the cottage - Yurt.

It is noteworthy that deciding to put this design on the country site, you do not need to search for drawings and materials yourself. There are already ready-made variants of different diameters: 3, 5, 6 meters. In such houses, it can freely settle from 3 to 8 people, and if one-time opening is expected, if you can enjoy, you can invite up to 12 guests.

Design of factory Yurts

Hurt-made specialists are a set of finished elements and fasteners. Enough follow the instructions to assemble a durable and reliable house. The kit includes such items:

• Core. Lattices and rhe.
• Coating from natural materials (felt).
• Dome (it provides a hole for lighting and ventilation).
• Side cats. They are sewn from modern fabrics, which have been applied in the tourism industry. Several functions are performed at once: create a comfortable microclimate, prevent insect insects. They can rise to ventilating or lighting.

In the disassembled state of Yurt occupies very little space, and weigh the most spacious option of no more than 300 kg. This means that it is possible to transport it on the usual car. If it is decided to put the yurt only for the warm season, after completing it is enough to disassemble, and you can store at home or in the garage, it will not take much space.

Advantages of using yurt as a country house

It can be safely argued that the yurt is a universal structure that combines all the advantages of an ordinary country house and a modern tent. There is an opportunity to put the yurt for several years without thinking about the need to build. But it is much wiser to clean it in the cold season, thereby extending the service life.

The owners no longer have to think about how to protect their property from the vandals and country thieves, which are one of the most serious problems of country villages. Closing the season, the owners of Yurts leave behind a clean country area, and take a compact bundle with them, which for the next year will turn into a cozy cottage.

In addition, the factory yurts possess such advantages:

• Affordable price. It is slightly higher than that of the tent, but at times lower than that of a traditional little cottage.
• Mobility. You can carry the yurt on any transport.
• Easy operation. The construction is easily assembled and disassembled even in the absence of special skills.
• Comfortable microclimate. Yurt is created in the image and similarity of the housing of nomadic tribes, the comfortable temperature level is maintained within a year round. In the summer, the tent is cool, and in the fall and winter is warm.
• Ability to use in any season. Yurts are created from materials that are withstanding any precipitation, strong winds, hurricanes and other cataclysms.
• Environmental purity. Production uses environmentally friendly materials: wood, wool, felt.
• Durability. All items are created in strict accordance with standards, they are durable and resistant to any environmental impacts.
• Universality. Yurt can be used not only as a country house, but also as a comfortable tent. She can easily understand and take with them into long-term tourist hiking, on the active rest, solving all the problems with overnight stays in the open sky.

Modern cottage yurts: individual solutions for each

When the cottage is built, each owner chooses the optimal parameters: materials, sizes, number of floors, degree of isolation and insulation. With yurts, you can choose.