Yuri Vsevolodovich died in battle. Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich: Before Eclipse. Some facts about Yuri Vsevolodovich

Konstantin, Yuri, Yaroslav Vsevolodovichi - Great Princes Vladimir-Suzdal. Consistently reigned from 1212 to 1246. The most important event of this period was the invasion of Rus Mongol-Tatar Halley. Since the first appearance of steppe workstations, only seventeen years have passed to the complete defeat of South and Northeastern Russia.

Vsevolodovichi, Konstantin, Yuri, Yaroslav. The great princes, the children of Vsevolod are a big nest, reinforced, respectively from 1212 to 1219, from 1219 to 1238 and from 1238 to 1246 years. Without having obeying the admonitions of His mother, the pious Princess Mary, the children began internecine space. Waving a great reign, Vsevolod is a big nest called the eldest son of Constantine Overue and handed the rule to his beloved third son Yuri. Konstantin, considered such a state of things by the consequence of the Boyar plot, did not obey the will of the deceased father and joined the fight against Yuri.

In 1216, on the Lipica River, a bloody battle occurred between Konstantin and Yury, in which Konstantin won the victory. Yuri fled to Gorodets, and Konstantin proclaimed himself great Prince Vladimirsky. Subsequently, the brothers were reconciled. Konstantin Vsevolodovich in the bypass of his own sons announced Yuri by the heir to the Vladimir throne. Yuri, for his part, swore to forget the reset and be the father of young children of his older brother.

Grand Duke Konstantin Vsevolodovich rejected in Vladimir, according to the statement of the civil world. He built the church, distributed alms and rules a fair trial. The chronicle emphasizes the kindness of the Grand Duke: "He was so kind and meek that she tried not to seal a single person, loving the word and the matter to console all, and the memory of him will always live in the blessings of people."

In 1219After the death of Konstantin Vsevolodovich, Yuri Vsevolodovich became Grand Duke Vladimir. Having learned that the Volga Bulgars was traded by the city of Ustyug, Yuri Vsevolodovich sent his younger brother Svyatoslav against them. Svyatoslav descended down the Volga and entered the Earth Bulgar. His rapid victories so frightened the Bulgarians that they fled from their cities, leaving the winners of wives, children, property. When Svyatoslav returned to Vladimir, Yuri Vsevolodovich met him as a hero and rewarded with rich gifts. At the beginning of the winter of the same year, Bulgarian ambassadors with proposals for the world appeared to Vladimir. Yuri Vsevolodovich rejected all the conditions and began to prepare for a new campaign. Having experienced the power of the Bulk Through Weapons, Bulgarians tried in every way to soften Yuri Vsevolodovich and, finally, the rich sentences bowed him to the world.

The reign of Yuri Vsevolodovich was calm up to 1224. This year, Russia was first faced with mongol-Tatar HordesWho walked from the depths of Asia, conquering fire and sword all that came across on the way. In the first battle of Russian budgets with Tatar-Mongols on the river Kalka Yuri Vsevolodovich participation did not accept. Princes could not agree on the joint protection of the Russian Earth. Divided into small principalities and tormented by internal parties, Russia could not resist the Tatar-Mongolian invasion.

At the end of 1237, the unpretentious hordes of Tatar-Mongols, who were led by Khan Batym, invaded the land of Northeast Russia. The first victim of Batiev invasion was the Ryazan Principality. Ryazan was surrounded, and ambassadors were sent to the city. "If you wish the world," the ambassadors said, "then the tenth of your heritage will be ours." "When any of us alive will not remain then take everything," replied Ryazan Prince. This answer predetermined fate not only Ryazan but also many other Russian cities. Ryazan was burned by Mongols of DotlaAnd all its inhabitants are exterminated from Mala to Great.

Yuri Vsevolodovich, aware of the fatal threat, went to Yaroslavl to collect the army. February 3, 1338, raving Suzdal, Kolomna and Moscow along the way, the Batie approached Vladimir and took the city by storming. The Great Princess Agafya with children and citizens took place in the Assumption Cathedral, where they were all burned alive. The emptying of Russian land continued in two directions: to Galich and Rostov. Tatar-Mongola Zhli city and villages, killed civilians, even small children did not avoid their rage.

Yuri Vsevolodovich managed to collect all combat-ready squads on the River Sit. But the courage of Russian teams could not resist the Horde Batya. In the bloody battle (March 4, 1338) fale all Russian army Together with the Grand Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich and his two sons. After the battle, the Rostov bishop Kirill found among the killed Body Yuri Vsevobodvich for the princely attire (the head of the Grand Duke was cut off in battle and could not find it). The people went to the rumor that the prince of Yuri managed to hide in the city of KUMit on the shore of Lake Sveloyar, but Bati Nastig him there and betrayed death. In the same hour, the kite plunged into the water of the lake. According to legend, the kite must appear in the world on the eve of a terrible court.

Yuri Vsevolodovich - the Grand Duke, on the days of the board of which the terrible misfortune collapsed on Russia, who left a deep mark in the history of Russia. Eight hundred years after the years since then, we feel the Mongolian trail and at the level of the genotype of the people, and at the socio-behavioral level of the people. The transformation of Russia in a multinational empire in the centuries, the accession of the territories controlled at one time by the Mongolian Horde was also the investigations of events that occurred at Yuri Vsevolodovich. The death with an interval per month of Prince, Princess and their children, talks about the changes in the nature of the Russian state caused by the Mongols, were very painful. Along with the princes killed thousands of residents of the cities of Russians, fully exterminated from Mala to Great.

In 1238.after the death of his brother, the title of Grand Prince Vladimirsky took Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. It was a courageous act, since it was not flowing for a blooming land, but, according to the expression of Karamzin, Yaroslav came to dominate the ruins and corpses. In such circumstances, the sovereign could hate power; But this prince wanted to be famous for the activities of the mind and the firmness of the soul, and not a soft-grade. He looked at the widespread devastation not in order to shed tears, but in order for the top and speedy means to block the traces of it. It was necessary to collect people of scattered, erect the city and sat down from the ash - in one word, completely update the state. "

The first thing Yaroslav ordered to gather and bury the dead. He then took steps to restore the destroyed cities and the organization of the management of the Vladimir Land. Being a senior Russian prince, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich distributed the cities and principalities of Northeast Russia between her brothers so that only one princess genus is constantly ruled in every city.

Meanwhile, in 1239, Khan Bati returned to Rus. This time he fell into the southern principalities, not affected in 1237-1238. In the spring of 1239, his troops took Pereyaslavl and Chernigov, and Kiev fell on December 6, 1240. "Ancient Kiev disappeared, and forever: for this, the once famous capital, the mother of the Russian hails, in the XIV and XV century it was still ruins: in our time there is the only shadow of her former greatness."

In fact, destroying Kiev, Tatars continued to move forward and in 1241 seized Lublin, Sandomiir, Krakow, breaking the troops of Poles, Chekhov, Germans and Hungarians. They reached the Adriatic Sea and from there turned back.

By this time, the Grand Duke Yaroslav II managed to understand that the Tatars are more or less left alone only those peoples who show them humility. Without seeing the opportunity to fight with them and wanting at least somehow save your lands from the new invasion, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich accepted a wise decision to show Khan his humility. He, the first of the Russian princes, was not afraid and was not ashamed to go on a bow to Khan Batu in the Golden Horde.

In Horde, he demanded the execution of several pagan rituals, in particular to pass between the two fires and the shadows of Genghis Khan will bow down (in case of refusal, death was waiting for him, and his land ruin). For the Christian Prince, this requirement meant not only a terrible humiliation, but also a violation of the covenants of the Christian Church. Faced with this requirement, other Russian princes preferred to choose not the easiest death. But Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went to everything to preserve the remains of the people in the Vladimir-Suzdal Earth. If the prince accepted another, proud, the decision, the Vladimir-Suzdal land could no longer exist, as many other states disappeared from the pages of history, for example, Volzhskaya Bulgaria. Battered was pleased with the humility of the Russian prince and first gave him a label (diploma) on a great reign, that is, permission to be a great prince.

Since then, any Russian prince, who wanted to become a great prince, was supposed to go to the Golden Horde to ask for mercy from Khan, never knowing that he was waiting for: Life or death. That is how Yaroslav Vsevolodovich himself finished his life. After the death of Khan, He was about to get a label on a great reign from his son, Khan Guekuka. In 1246, Yaroslav went to him in Karakorum, in Mongolia. Khan accepted the prince favorably and let go with grace, but after seven days, along the way home, Yaroslav died. It is assumed that the cause of his death was most likely a poison, which was given to the mother of Khan Guyuk. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was buried in Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was married twice, the prince had nine sons and three daughters. The son of Yaroslav, Alexander Nevsky, entered the Russian history as one of the outstanding rulers, he was also canonized by the Orthodox Church.

grand Duke Vladimir, Prince Gorodetsky, Prince Suzdal

short biography

Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich (November 26, 1188 - March 4, 1238) - Grand Duke Vladimirsky (1212-1216, 1218-1238), Prince Gorodetsky (1216-1217), Prince Suzdal (1217-1218).

The third son of the Grand Duke Vladimir Vsevolod Yuryevich is a large nest from the first marriage, with Maria Pokwarna. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in the face of the blessed princes. The relics of the prince are in the Assumption Cathedral of Vladimir.

early years

Born in Suzdal on November 26, 1188. His bishop onions baptized. July 28, 1192 were committed step Yuri and on the same day planted him at the horse; "And the joy is great in Grandge Suzdal," said the chronicler.

In 1207, Yuri participated in the campaign against Ryazan princes, in the winter of 1208/1209 with Konstantin in the Torzhok vs. Novgorod, who were put in conclusion of his brother, Svyatoslav, and called for the reign of Mstislav Mstislavich successful, and at the very beginning of 1209 - against Ryazantsev who tried to take advantage of the lack of the main Suzdal Forces and the attackers of Moscow.

In 1211, Yuri married Princess Agafia Vsevolodovna, the daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Cherry, Prince Chernigovsky; Wedding was perfect in Vladimir, in the Assumption Cathedral, Bishop John.

Conflict with brother

In 1211, Vsevolod is a large nest with the support of a specially convened meeting with the participation of Boyar and Bishop of John, Ivannya gave the Violence of the Vladimir Table Yuri in violation of his eldest son, Constantine.

On April 14, 1212, Vsevolod died, and the contradictions between the brothers turned out to be in civil engineering. On the side of Yuri rose 3rd by age Brother Yaroslav, and on the side of Konstantin - the 4th and 5th brothers Vladimir and Svyatoslav. Yuri was ready to give Vladimir in exchange for Rostov, but Konstantin did not agree to such Menu and suggested Brother Suzdal, he refused. First, the struggle went on the territory of the principality, but then, when the interests of Yuri and Yaroslav crossed the interests of Smolensk Rostislavichi, in particular Mstislava, in Novgorod, Smolyan, with Novgorod, invaded Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, connected with Konstantin and smashed Yuri, Yaroslav and Muromsov, and planted on the Grand Due to Constantine. Yuri got into the lot Gorodets Radilov on the Volga. There was a bishop simon followed. Already next year, Konstantin gave Yuri Suzdal and, leaving Rostov land into the inheritance to his offspring, recognized his brother with his successor to the grand mining table. Konstantin died on February 2, 1218, and Yuri Secondly became the Grand Duke.

Foreign policy

Yuri Vsevolodovich, like his father, sought foreign policy success, mainly avoiding military clashes. In the period 1220-1234, Vladimir troops (including in the Union with Novgorod, Ryazan, Murom and Lithuanian) conducted 14 campaigns. Of these, the battles ended only three (victories over external opponents; 1220, 1226, 1234).

Already in 1212, Yuri was released from captivity of Ryazan princes captured by his father in 1208, including Ingvar and Yuri Igorevichi, who came to power in Ryazan as a result of the struggle of 1217-1219 and the allies of Yuri.

In 1217, Volga Bulgarians reached Ustyug, but the response measures were undertaken only after the death of Constantine and the arrival of Yuri to power, in 1220. Yuri sent a big army under the leadership of Brother Svyatoslav; The army came to the city of Oshl to the Volga and burned him. At the same time, the Rostov and Ustyugian shelves along the chamber came to the ground Bulgarians and ruined many cities and villages. At the mouth of Kama, both rati joined and returned home. Bulgarians sent the ambassadors to the world, but Yuri refused them.

In 1221 he himself wanted to go against Bulgaria and spoke to the city. On the way, he was met by the second Bulgarian embassy with the same request and again received a refusal. The third embassy with rich gifts was the third embassy, \u200b\u200band this time Yuri agreed to peace. In order to strengthen an important place for Russia when Oki's shift in the Volga, Yuri at that time founded here, on the dyatlovy mountains, the city "New Hard" (Nizhny Novgorod). At the same time, he built a wooden church in the new city in the name of ArchReart Mikhail (later the Arkhangelsk Cathedral), and in 1225 he laid the stone church of the Savior.

The foundation of Nizhny Novgorod led to a struggle against a face, using disagreements between its princes. In 1226, Yuri sent the Svyatoslav and Ivan's brothers against her, and in September 1228, the nephew of Vasilka Konstantinovich Rostovsky; In January 1229, he himself went to the Mordlo. After that, Mordva attacked Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1232 she was pacified by the son of Yuri Vsevolod with Princes Ryazan and Murom. Opponents of the spread of Vladimir influence on the Mordovian lands were defeated, but several years later, during the Mongolian invasion, part of the Mordovian tribes spoke on the side of the Mongols.

Yuri organized campaigns to help his former opponents on Lipick Battle: Smolensky Rostislavichi, broken by Mongols on Kalka - in 1223 in South Russian lands led by his nephew Vasil Konstantinovich, who, however, did not have to fight: reached Chernigov, he learned about defeat Russians and returned to Vladimir; And in 1225 - against Lithuanians who ruined Smolensk and Novgorod lands, ended with the victory of Yaroslav under conside.

In 1222-1223, Yuri sent troops twice, respectively, headed by the brothers Svyatoslav under Venden and Yaroslav - under Revel to the aid of the elas who rebel against the Order of the Middle Mares. In the first trip, the Allies of the Russians made Lithuanians. According to the "chronicle" of Henrich Latvian, in 1224 the third hike was launched, but the Russian troops came only to Pskov. Russian chronicles include approximately the time of the conflict of Yuri with Novgorod vehicle. Vsevolod Yuryevich was exported by his supporters from Novgorod to Torzok, where in 1224 he came to him with his father's army. Yuri demanded the issuance of Novgorod boyars, which he was dissatisfied, and threatened in the case of disobedience to come to Novgorod drink your horsesBut then it was removed without bloodshed, satisfied with a large sum of money and giving Novgorod to the Prince of His Shurin, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich from Chernigov Olgovich.

In 1226, Yuri sent troops to help Mikhail in his struggle against Oleg Kursk in the Chernigov Principality; The trip ended successfully, but after approval in Chernigov, Mikhail joined the fight against Yaroslav Vsevolodovich for the Novgorod prince. In 1228, Yaroslav, again expelled from Novgorod, suspected the participation of the elder brother in his exile and bowed to his side of his niece of Konstantinovich, Vasilka, Prince Rostov, and Vsevolod, Prince Yaroslavsky. When Yuri learned about it, then we called all the births for the Suzdal Congress in September 1229. At the congress, he managed to settle all misunderstandings:

And bowing to Jury Vsi, Imusche His father and Mr.

In 1230, Yuri married his eldest son of Vsevolod on the daughter of Vladimir Rurikovich Kiev and with the diplomatic support of the last and Metropolitan Kirill handed to Novgorod Mikhail and his son Rostislav. But heavily, Novgorod finally in favor of Yaroslav (1231), Mikhail immediately joined the struggle for Kiev against Vladimir Rurikovich and turned on Daniel Romanovich Volynsky in his direction. In 1232, Yuri went to Chernigov land against Mikhail towards Serensk, and stood there for some time. Mikhail dug off a straight fight. In 1229, the planned by Yaroslav against the Order did not take place due to disagreements with Novgorod and Pskov, but after the announcement of the Pope Gregory, the IX Crusader (1232), Yaroslav won the knights in the battle on the cattle. After 1231, for a period of a hundred years, Novgorod princes were only the descendants of Vsevolod a big nest.

List of military hikes of Vladimir troops in the period 1218-1238

1219 - Ingvar Igorevich. Gleb Vladimirovich and Polovtsy;
1220 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Volzhskaya Bulgaria, Oshl;
1221 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Volzhskaya Bulgaria, Gorodets;
1222 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. The Order of the Maresemen, Venden;
1223 - Vasilko Konstantinovich. Mongol Empire, Chernigov;
1223 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. The Order of the Mareseraians, Revel;
1224 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Novgorod land, Torzhok;
1226 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Grand Principality Lithuanian, battle under consideration;
1226 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Chernihiv Principality, Kursk;
1226 - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Mordva;
1228 - Vasilko Konstantinovich. Mordva;
1229 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Mordva;
1231 - Yuri Vsevolodovich, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Chernihiv Principality, Serensk, Mosalsk;
1232 - Vsevolod Yuryevich. Mordva;
1234 - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. The Order of the Maresemen, the battle on the omkov;
1237 - Vsevolod Yuryevich. Mongol Empire, Battle of Kolomna;
1238 - Yuri Vsevolodovich. Mongol Empire, Battle on the City River.

Invasion of Mongols.

In 1236, at the beginning of the campaign of Mongols to Europe, the Volga Bulgaria was ruined. According to Vasily Tatishchev, refugees were adopted by Yuri and settled in the Volga cities. At the end of 1237, Bati appeared within the Ryazan Principality. Ryazan princes appealed for help to Yuri, but he did not give it, wanting "the Scribes Scribes himself." The ambassadors of Batiu appeared to Ryazan and Vladimir demanding Dani, in Ryazan received a refusal, in Vladimir were gifted, but at the same time Yuri sent the troops at the head with his eldest son in Vsevolod to help the Roman Ingvarevich from Ryazan.

Destroying on December 16, Ryazan, Baty moved to Kolomna. Vsevolod was broken and fled to Vladimir (Vladimir Voivode Died, Yeremy Glebovich and the younger son of Genghis Khanki). After this victory, Moscow burned in Moscow, captured Vladimir, the second Son of Yuri, and moved to Vladimir.

Vereshchagin V. P. Bishop Kirill finds the declined body of the Grand Duke Yuri on the battlefield on the River Sit

After receiving the news about these events, Yuri convened the advice of princes and boyars and after a long thought went for the Volga to collect RATI. In Vladimir, the wife of Agaphia Vsevolodovna, sons Vsevolod and Mstislav, the daughter of Feodora, the wife of Vsevolod Marina, the wife of Mstislav Maria and the wife of Vladimir Christine, grandchildren and the voivod Peter Okeyukovich. The siege of the city of Vladimir began on 2 or 3 February 1238, the city fell on February 7 (according to Rashid Ad-Dina, the siege and the assault lasted 8 days). Mongol-Tatars broke into the city and lit it. The whole family of Yuri died (Vladimir martyrs), of all his offspring, only the daughter of the predominium survived, who since 1226 was married to Vasilk Romanovich, Prince Volynsky. On March 4 of the same year, in the Battle of the City River, the troops of the Grand Duke were broken down on the camp by the secondary forces of Mongols, headed by Burunday, followed separately from the mainstream for more than the northern route. Among the killed was Yuri himself.

The declined body of the prince was discovered by the princely clothing among the remaining bodies of dead warriors in the battlefield of the Bishop of Rostov Kirill, who returned from the Beloozer. He dismissed the body in Rostov and buried in the stone coffin in the temple of Our Lady. Subsequently, Yuri's head was also found and attached to the body.

In 1239, the remains were solemnly postponed by Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Vladimir and are put in the Assumption Cathedral. In the "Book of Power Tsarskiy" described that the head of the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich, in the burial, stuck in his body, and the right hand receded: " The holy head of his taco is aggregate to his honest telesses, it is also a trace of the videoti of the clipping on it, but all the compositions are intact and in -ureous ... Also, his hand is a gumsy walkey, the hairs of Vychy, Eyuzh, Yako alive, showing the feat of his commit" On February 13 and 15, 1919, an opening of its relics took place. According to the Orthodox encyclopedia, the eyewitnesses of the opening of the relevant said that the head of the Grand Duke Yuri was previously cut off, but grown with the body so that the cervical vertebrae was shifted and misunderstood.

Evaluation of the personality and results of the Board

Historians and novelists on a well-established tradition, laid back by noble historiography, saw in Yuri Vsevolodovich direct culprit of the terrible ruin of Russia. This point of view is criticized in the well-known study of the doctor of historical sciences V. V. Kargalov " Ancient Rus in Soviet literature" The author writes: " The reader involuntarily creates the impression that if the on the eve of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on the grand mined "table" was not sitting by Yuri Vsevolodovich, but some other, more energetic and long-scale prince ... The outcome of the war could be different ... The country's tragedy was different: The most brave and energetic princes and the governors (and there were a lot of them in Russia!) By virtue of feudal fragmentation, they could not combine the forces of the people to repel the conquerors" However, such a point of view, which can also be called traditional, causes serious objections in historiography. It emphasizes that Mongols in the first half of the XIII century conquered many countries in various stages of development, and the idea that Rus could successfully resist invasion if it were united, is erroneous.

Hot and convincingly on the basis of numerous chronicles and other documents rehabilitates Prince Yuri in the opinion of descendants prominent Soviet Prose and Publicist Vladimir Chilivihin in his novel essay " Memory"Awarded the USSR State Prize. But the fate of the Great Vladimir Prince Yuri II Vsevolodovich and his time are still waiting for its disclosure in historians and novelists.

Canonization

According to the chronicler, "Yuri was decorated with good nravami: tried to fulfill God's commandments; The fear of God always had in the heart, remembering the commandment of the Lord about love not only to the near, but also to the enemies, was graciously above; I do not regret your estate, distributed it to the needy, built the church and decorated with icons invaluable and books; Chatted priests and monks. " In 1221, he laid the new Stone Cathedral in Suzdal instead of the dilapidated, and in 1233 he painted him and publishes marble. In Nizhny Novgorod, he founded the Annunciation Monastery.

In 1645, the non-relics of the prince were acquired, and on January 5, 1645, Patriarch Joseph began the process of canonization of Yuri Vsevolodovich by the Orthodox Church. At the same time, the relics were placed in silver cancer. Yuri Vsevolodovich was ranked as saints as Saint Blessed Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich. His memory - 4 (17), on the assumption of Mikhail Tolstoy, "In memory of his transfer from Rostov to Vladimir."

In 1795, on the initiative of the Nizhny Novgorod Vice-Governor of Prince Vasily Dolgorukova, the descendant of Yuri Vsevolodovich, in Nizhny Novgorod began to celebrate the date of birth of the founder of the city.

Folk Traditions

Foundation of cyinga. According to this legend, in 1164, Georgy Vsevolodovich rebuilded a small kite (allegedly modern city), founded the Feodorovsky Gorodetsky Monastery in it, and then went to a very deaf land, where he set (in 1165) on the shores of Lake Svetloaryar, the big kite, that is, actually The legendary town of KUIT.

Foundation of YuryevtsaJuriy Vsevolodovich Swallow Swallow on the Volga with his army, opposite the mouth of the Uge River, he saw fire on the mountain, he decided to stop in this place. And as soon as they got up to the mountain, he saw the icon of George the Victorious and decided to establish a fortress here, in the future the city in honor of his desires of God - Yuryevts. This icon, as stated in the chronicle, was written on the board with ball-drawn and was subsequently postponed to Moscow to the Assumption Cathedral (on another source it was carved on the stone).

Covenant Yuri Vsevolodovich."Surrive with Russians and do not be reckless. With a mordear, maiden, but sin, but the best! And the Cheremis only has black ones, and the conscience is white! "

Golding the Mordovian Earth."Old people from Mordvoy, learning about the arrival of the Russian prince, sent him with young people of beef and beer. The young people were a dear beef ate, the beer drank, and the Russian prince brought the earth and water. Prince-Murza delighted this gift, took him as a sign of submission of the Mordovian tribe and floated further along the Volga River. Where will bring to the shore handful of the land presented to him by the lands of land - there is a city where it will throw a pinch - there to be a village ... "

First residents of Nizhny NovgorodThe first Nizhny Novgorod settlers were artisans who fled from the boyars from Novgorod. Yuri Vsevolodovich took them under the patronage and attracted to construction, thanks to which the first fortress was built for the year.

End of Nizhny Novgorod."There is a small river in Nizhny Novgorod near the fortress; He flows on ravines and near the Nikolsk Church in the Volga. It is called for him and they say that Yuri Vsevolodovich, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod, called this stream, being amazed by the similarity of the location of Nizhny Novgorod with the location of Kiev. In the place where the fever takes his beginning, there is a big stone on which something was written before, but now it was already stuck. The fate of Nizhny Novgorod depends on this stone: recently he will move from place; From under him will be water and will sweep the entire bottom. "

A family

Wife from 1211 Agaphia Vsevolodovna (about 1195 - 1238), daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Cherry, Prince Chernihiv, Grand Duke Kiev.

Sons

Vsevolod (Dmitry) (1212/1213 - 1238), Prince Novgorod (1221-1222, 1223-1224). Married from 1230 on Marina (1215-1238), Vladimir Rurikovich's daughter. Killed in the Batya rate during negotiations before taking Vladimir Mongols.
Mstislav (after 1213 - 1238), married from 1236 to Mary (1220-1238) (origin unknown). Died during the capture of Vladimir Mongols.
Vladimir (after 1218 - 1238), Prince of Moscow, married from 1236 on Christine (1219-1238) (the origin is unknown, presumably from the family of Monomashic). Killed during the siege of Vladimir Mongola.

Probula (1215-1265) In 1226, he was married to Prince Volyn Vasilko Romanovich, due to this was the only surrounding after the ruin of the Tatar-Mongols of Vladimir (1238) by the descendant Yuri Vsevolodovich.
Feodora (1229-1238)

The history of Kievan Rus, and then the Russian state, full of events. For centuries, since its foundation, this state has constantly expanded and strengthened, despite the invasion of enemies. In the management of him, many outstanding and noble people participated. One of the rulers, which influenced the history of the Russian state, was Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. What was it for a person? What is his biography? What did he achieve over the years of his reign? All these questions can be found to find answers in this article.

Early prince

Yuri was born in Suzdal on November 26, 1188 in the family of Yuryevich on nicknamed a large nest and his first wife Maria Vsevolzh. He was the second son of Vsevolod. Rostov Priest Luke baptized him in the city of Suzdal. At the end of July 1192, Yuri was planted at the horse after the so-called rite of a break.

At the age of 19, Prince has already begun to participate in campaigns along with its brothers against other princes. For example, in 1207 in a hike to Ryazan, in 1208-1209. - On Torzhok, and in 1209 - against Ryazan residents. In 1211, Yuri marries the daughter of Vsevolod, Prince Chernigovsky, Princess Agafia Vsevolodovna. They were crowned in the Assumption Cathedral of the city of Vladimir.

Family of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich

Agafya gave birth to a spouse of five children. The firstborn was Vsevolod, born in 1212 or 1213, the future prince of Novgorod. The second son was Mstislav, which appeared after 1213 years. Then Agafya, in 1215, gave birth to a daughter, who was given the name of the peeve. She subsequently married the Volyn Prince. After 1218, they were born the third and last son of Vladimir. And in 1229 another daughter of Theodore was born. But due to the invasion of Mongol-Tatars, all children, except for delivery, died in 1238. Thus, Yuri Vsevolodovich, the Great remained without the heir.

Relationship with brother

Since 1211, Yuri's relationship with his older brother Konstantin becomes tense. The cause of the conflict and internecuts between the two native brothers becomes the solution of their father of Vsevolod to give the city of Vladimir to its second son. After the death of Prince Konstantin tries to return him to himself. Then the enmity between the brothers begins. Most Great Prince, Yuri Vsevolodovich, with his army, fought by Konstantin and his friend several times.

But the forces were equal. Therefore, none of them could win. After 4 years, the enmity ends in favor of Constantine. In his direction, Mstislav became, and together they had to seize the city of Vladimir. Konstantin becomes its owner, but after 2 years (in 1218) he dies. And again, the city returns to the possession of Yuri Vsevolodovich. In addition to Vladimir, the prince also receives Suzdal.

Politics Yuri Vsevolodovich

By and large, the policies of Vladimir-Suzdal Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich was a continuation of his father's policy. He was also not a fan of military battles, but tried to have peaceful relations with his neighbors. Prince Yuri preferred more diplomatic negotiations and various tricks that helped avoid conflicts and stretched relationships. In this, he reached good results.

Nevertheless, Yuri Vsevolodovich still had to organize military campaigns or participate in battles. For example, in 1220, he sends his army led by Svyatoslav against Bulgarians, who were in the Volga region. The reason for the campaign was the seizure of Russian lands. The princely army reached the Bulgarian lands and won several villages, and then won the battle with the opponent himself. Prince Yuri receives a delegation proposal, but only with the third attempt, Bulgaram managed to conclude it. This happened in 1221. From this time, the Russian princes begin to enjoy great influence in the territories adjacent to the Volga and Oka rivers. Then the construction of the city begins, which is now known as Nizhny Novgorod.

Later, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich is fighting the elas under Revel. In this, the Lithuanians help him, who later reached him and began to conquer the land of Russia, ruining them. Approximately at the same time accounted for the prince to participate in the conflict with the residents of Novgorod, which he successfully decides.

In 1226, Yuri Vsevolodovich fights with Mordovskii princes for the territory near the built Nizhny Novgorod. After several of his campaigns, Mordovian princes attack the city, thereby starting a long-term conflict, which passed with varying success for both sides. But a more serious threat of Tatar-Mongols aromed to Russian lands.

Invasion of nomads in Russian lands

As early as 1223, during the invasion of the Mongols to the Northern Black Sea region, the princes of South Russian lands turned to the prince of Yuri for help. Then he sent with the army of his nephew Vasilko Konstantinovich, but he managed to walk only to Chernigov, when he learned about the sad end up the battle on the river Kalka.

In 1236, Tatar-Mongols decide to go to Europe. And they do it through the land of Russia. At the end of next year, Khan Bati goes to Ryazan, captures her and moves towards Moscow. After some time, Khan is suitable for Kolomna, and then to Moscow, which he burns. After that, he sends his army to the city of Vladimir. So rather fast Mongol-Tatar hordes captured Russian lands.

The death of prince

Having learned such sad news about the success of the enemy, Yuri Vsevolodovich, Prince Vladimirsky, after a meeting with boyars departs for the Volga to collect the army. In Vladimir, his wife remains, two sons, daughter and other close to Yuri people. In early February, Mongol-Tatars begin the siege of the city, which was captured by February on February 7. They break up and burn Vladimir. Family and close to Vladimir Prince die from the hands of opponents.

Less than a month, namely on March 4, Jury Vsevolodovich enters into the battle of Prince. The battle occurs on the river. Unfortunately, this battle ends with the defeat of Russian troops, during which the Prince Vladimir himself dies. The decapitated body of Yuri found the Rostov bishop Kirill, who returned from the Beloozer. He suffered the remains of the prince to the city and buried. After a time, Yuri's head was found.

In 1239, the remains of Yuri Vsevolodovich were transferred to Vladimir and buried in the Assumption Cathedral. So the Russian life ended.

Results of the Board

By the Board of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich historians are different. Some recognize that he made a great contribution to the expansion of Russian lands. Others consider his rule to be bad, since he could not protect Russia from the invasion of nomads, thereby allowing them to be dominated on Russian lands. But at that time, many principalities could not resist the Terrible and strong enemy. You should not forget that during the reign of Yuri, several large cities, cathedrals and churches were built. He also led successful policies to the very invasion, which speaks of his talent and diplomatic abilities.

Some facts about Yuri Vsevolodovich

With the life of Prince Yury, several interesting facts are connected:

It is noteworthy that from the whole family of the prince longer than all his daughter's daughter, because she married Volyn Prince Vasilko in 1226 and lived 50 years.
The city-fortress was built only in one year. Craftsmen who escaped from Novgorod became the first of his settlers. Yuri Vsevolodovich patronized them by using construction.

The beginning of the reign of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich is considered 1212, although in 1216 it was interrupted and continued in 1218 until death in 1238th.
Although the prince preferred diplomatic negotiations by military actions, nevertheless, he himself personally participated in 6 campaigns: in 1221 against the Volga Bulgaria, in 1224 against the Novgorod land, in 1226 against the Chernihiv Principality, in 1229 against the Morder, in 1231 again against Chernigov Principality and eventually in 1238 against Mongol-Tatars.

According to a testimony of one chronicler, Yuri Vsevolodovich was a pious man, he always tried to follow God's commandments, respects the priests, built the church, did not pass by the beggars, was generous and had good qualities.
In 1645, Prince Yuri was canonized for his contribution to the development of Christian Faith, as well as for mercy to his enemies.

Yuri II Vsevolodovich

Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich (1189-1238) - Grand Prince Vladimirsky - 1212-1216. and 1218-1238.

Led. kn. MCH. George Vsevolodovich. Icon. 1645

Yuri - the third son of the Grand Duke Vladimir Vsevolod Yuryevich is a large nest from the first marriage with Maria Pokwarna. Born in Suzdal on November 26, 1187, on the Ipatiev Chronicle, and on Lavrentievsky - in 1189 his bishop Luka baptized. On July 28, 1192, Yuri was committed, and on the same day they planted him at the horse; "And the joy is great in Grade Suzdal," notes the chronicler about this.
In 1208 or 1209, he broke the Drozdna from the River (forces) of Ryazan princes, devastated by the Proshkovskiy spaces.
In 1210, he participated in the campaign against the Novgorod residents who were planted in the conclusion of his brother, Svyatoslav, and called for the Mstislav Mstislavich's reign of Mustlava; The world, however, was concluded without bloodshed.
In 1211, Yuri married the princess of Agafia Vsevolodovna, the daughter of Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Cherry, Prince Chernigovsky; Wedding was perfect in Vladimir, in the Assumption Cathedral, Bishop John.

1212-1217. - Grand Duke Vladimir.
Vsevolod III after his death (1212) appointed a successor of the second son, Yuri, and not older, Constantine, for the fact that the latter did not want to take Vladimir without a loved one. Between the older brothers, the struggle was built in which the younger brothers took part.

(OK.1212-1345) - the capital of Yuriev-Polsky.
Uglich Prince(1216-1591) - Capital Uglich.
Yaroslavl Prince (1218-1463) - the capital of Yaroslavl.

Already in 1212, Yuri was released from the captivity of Ryazan princes, captured by his father in 1208, including ingvar and Yuri Igorevichi, who came to power in Ryazan as a result of the struggle of 1217-1219. And the allies of Yuri.

In 1214, the will of the great Vladimir Prince Georgie Vsevolodovich was formed by the will.
From 1149 Rostov, Suzdal and Murom Diocese.
From 1164 (1172) Rostov and Murom Diocese.
From 1198 Rostov, Suzdal and Vladimir diocese.
From 1213 (1214) Rostov, Pereyaslav and Yaroslavl diocese.
From 1214 Vladimir and Suzdal Diocese.
From 1226 Rostov and Yaroslavl diocese.
From 1228, Suzdal, Vladimirskaya and Pereslavl-Zalessian diocese.

In 1215, Yuri established a special diocese for the Vladimir-Suzdal region to destroy it in church relations from Rostov. In the bishops was delivered hegumen Simon.. Simon was dedicated to Vladimir's Igumen in Kiev - Metropolitan Matthew. The new-resistant bishop of Vladimir and Suzdalsky in 1214 posted his residence in 1214, where before he had an igumen, i.e. In the Virgin Mary-christmas monastery of Vladimir.
Symeon Symeon is the author of eight narratives about Pechersk inoca, which marked the beginning of the Kiev-Pechersk Catema - the first Russian "care." Vladyka Simon died on May 22, 1226 and was buried in the Assumption Cathedral of Vladimir.
The next Vladimir bishop became the igumen of the Vladimir Mother of God-Christmas Monastery Mitrofandedicated to the Kiev Metropolitan Cyril II. The saint took a lot about the decoration of the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral.

Georgy Vsevolodovich stood up on the defense of Yaroslav, on the side of which the younger Vsevolodovichi Svyatoslav and John, as well as Blgv. kn. Muromsky Davyd (Peter) Georgievich. On the side of Konstantin became Mstislav deleted. Yuri and his younger brothers suffered in 1216 a strong defeat with.
Yuri, wandering the three horses, the fourth rushed at noon on April 22, on Friday to Vladimir, dull, exhausted in the same shirt (the top dress he dropped himself on the road as his slowed down his flight). Vladimirtsi did not recognize their prince from the first time: so unusual was his appearance. Not expecting defeats, they accepted him for the Knuckle's messenger who hurried to please their message about victory. "Our overcome," they enthusiastically shouted, "after the rider approaching the city. But what was their surprise when they found out the prince himself and in such pitiful form. "Strengthen the walls, lock the city," there were the first words of George, which were flying to the hearing of Vladimirs. But who had to strengthen and protect the city? All capable weapons were taken on a campaign. Stayed in the city: Spiritual, shallow elders, children, yes women. Instead of fun rose to cry in the city; In the evening and the night began to resort ordinary people, one comes running wounded, with the other foot. And then bitter complaints about Yaroslav, the chief perpetrator of the disaster were heard: "From you suffered such a misfortune, you say about your oath: come the birds of heavenly, drink human blood, animals squeeze the human meat." Unhappy prince requested citizens to not give it to the winners. He walked himself in his will to get out of the city. Vladimirtsy sympathized with the prince, but they could not help him: they promised not to give it to Konstantin.

1217 - Prince in the town of Radilov.
The winners were not in a hurry with the arrival of Vladimir. All day they stayed at the site of traveling, doing probably the cleaning of dead bodies and only on Sunday, on the third day after the battle, April 24 came to Vladimir and besieged him. On the night of Sunday, on Monday, a fire happened in the palace led prince. Despite the strong desire of Novgorod and Smolnyan to take the attack of Vladimir, Mstislav did not allow them before and saved the city from defeat. The next night, the fire was repeated on Tuesday again in the city: it caught fire against the place where I was settled by a mill Smolyan, and burned to the light. This time, the Smolensky Prince did not allow his surprise to enter Vladimir. Princes - the winners were confident that Georgy himself would pass them the city and would ask them the world. On Wednesday morning (April 27), Yuri, went to the winners with rich gifts; "The brothers, to you, Bew, you give your belly and feed me bread."
Konstantin solemnly entered Vladimir, led the inhabitants to the cross, reconciled Yaroslav with Mstislav, Yury gave the town of Radilov on the Volga. Before leaving Vladimir Georgy, Vsevolodovich entered the cathedral temple, where, before the miraculous icon, the Mother Lady poured all the sadness of his sorrow and, pouring into tears, fell on the coffin of his parent. "Sudi God brother to my Yaroslav that I brought me to the story," he said, leaving the temple, then sat with his family in Ladew and down the p. Klyazemma went to the new goet his own. Among the few friends wished to follow him and the bishop of Vladimir, a virtuous Simon, who did not want to leave his prince in the malfoluchai.
Having spent Georgia Vsevolodovich, Vladimir residents took the gate to the winners and met with the godfather.

1217-1219. - Prince Suzdalsky .
Soon on his accession to the throne, Konstantin asked George to come to him to Vladimir for a friendly date. George did not slow down to appear on the call and, according to his kind, his own, sincerely forgave his brother. Both brothers, in the expression of one teepsistee, when a date, "Okhappata and Plakasta is a plurality of an hour," included in the Cathedral Church of Our Lady, where, with the coffin of her parent, captured their reconciliation with the prayer and kissing of the cross. Konstantin appointed Georgia another willing of Suzdal and announced his heir to his throne. Georgy, for its part, gave the word Konstantin to replace his father to his children when he was led. Prince Vladimir. The comforted Georgy left with his family and the yard in Suzdal on September 11, 1217.

February 2, 1219 Konstantin died, causing universal sadness in the people; The chronicle says so: "We were crying the great, - the boyars, how to the intercessors of the Earth, servants, as about the feeder and Mr., the poor and Chernitsa, as their consolation and the robe of their nudity." Yuri sat in Vladimir.

1219-1238 - Grand Duke Vladimir .
By death led. Prince Konstantin, Vladimirtsi kissed his brother's cross from Georgy Vsevolodovich, who, after not a long break, entered the second time in the rights of grand mining. Together with him arrived from Suzdal and an inseparable satellite, Bishop Simon.
The secondary accession to George Vsevolodovich to the Big Throne Throne was made under favorable circumstances. Although the Northeast Rust still remained divided into the dots and even for a large number, since after the death of Konstantin, the Rostov principality was divided between his two sons; But, controlled by princes, connected by the blood bonds of kinship, was not particularly patient from that. None of the chronicles say that the specific princes are not satisfied with their diets; On the contrary, it is known that they worshiped George as an older in kind, for his father and came through his will.
Volzhi Bulgarians took advantage of civil-boring, former in the Vladimir principality after the death of Vsevolod, began to bother Russian possessions again and in 1217 reached Ustyug, who belonged to the Vladimir Prince. The first thing Georgy, on joining the throne, was the doubt of Bulgarians. For which in 1220, they were equipped with a large army and sent to the marriage under the leadership of his brother, Svyatoslav Yuryevsky. It reached the city of Oshl to the Volga and burned him. At the same time, the Rostov and Ustyugian shelves along the chamber came to the ground Bulgarians and ruined many cities and villages. At the mouth of Kama, both rati connected and returned home. The Grand Duke with the children went to the meeting to the winners in Bogolyubov, he himself introduced them with a suitable honor to the capital, generously gave them gold, silver and materials and arranged in honor of their cheerful, three-day feast. Bulgarians sent the ambassadors to the world, but the experience of previous years has already shown that the world with this restless people cannot be reliable, Yuri refused them. To completely stop making the Bulgarian on Russia, it was necessary to strengthen the eastern borders of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality.
In 1221, the fire was devastated by the city of Vladimir, 27 churches burned down. Two years later, a grand jar and 2 churches were destroyed by a new fire.

In 1221, he himself wanted to go against Bulgaria and spoke to the city. On the way, he was met by the second Bulgarian embassy with the same request and again received a refusal. The third embassy with rich gifts was the third embassy, \u200b\u200band this time Yuri agreed to peace.

Foundation of Nizhny Novgorod

The base was led. kn. MCH. George Vsevolodovich N. Novgorod has dyatlovy mountains. Hood V.P. Malinovsky. 2003

The "last" Slavic city on the Volga until 1221 was a city.
In 1221, Knyazhu George Vsevolodovich at the merger of two great rivers Volga and Oka was founded by the reference point of defense of the boundaries of the Vladimir Principality from Moksha, Erze, Mari and Volga Bulgar under the name Novgorod of the Nizhnya Land (the Novgorod Land Vladimir Principality called Novgorod) - later this name Transformed to Nizhny Novgorod, and in the imperial title remained until 1917.

Monument to Yuri Vsevolodovich and Bishop Simon in Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

Mikhailo Arkhangelsky Cathedral of Moscow

The Archangel Cathedral is the sacred center of the Kremlin. The cathedral is located on the time grief. The wooden temple of ArchReart Mikhail was built in 1221, then he soon was rebuilt into a stone. In 1225, laid the stone church of the Savior.

Suzdal

Christmas Cathedral in Suzdal

The first building of the Cathedral refers to the XI century, by the time of the reign of Vladimir Monomakh. In 1222, by order of Yuri Vsevolodovich, the dilapidated building was disassembled, and in its place a new, from white stone was built. It stood until the XVI century. In 1528, white-stone walls disassembled to the arcate belt with women's masks and are replaced by bricks. The trothed cathedral receives a five-page completion and in the XVII century. Scheduled from the inside. Thus, to this day, the cathedral has reached with big changes. The interior is preserved painted walls of the XIII, XV, XVII centuries.
- First urban temple designed not only by the princely family.
It is located in the center of the rings of earth shafts, in the radiation of the Kamenka River. For his history, the temple was repeatedly buried. The sons of Prince Yuri Dolgoruki, princes from the genus Shui and others are buried in the cathedral.

In 1223, a terrible message about new, never heard enemies, who tried to the great principality of Kiev was separated throughout Russia. Who were these enemies and from where they came, no one knew in Russia. Some called them by Tatars, other taurmen, other Pechenegs. It was heard that they had conquered many lands outside of Russia: Yasov, stubs, braids, ruined Polovtsy land, and from here it was not far to Kiev. Polovtsy Prince turned for help to Russian princes. "Now our land took," he said to them, "Tomorrow I'll get yours, and therefore help us." The advice of the princes of South Rus was decided to help the Polovtsy. "It is better to meet enemies on someone else's land," they reasoned, "what on their own" and sent for help to Vladimir to Georgy Vsevolodovich. But the Tatars, so called these new enemies in Russia, did not hesitate for the onset and the Vladimir army, sent, under the leadership of Vasilka Konstantinovich, did not succeed. The battle on Kalka, known in Russian history, such a strong defeat of the Russians, "What has ever had the beginning of the beginning of the Russian land", has already ended. In this battle, Palo 6 Russian princes, 70 heroes, many Trueshetsky, boyars and the governor; Some Kievians were killed then to ten thousand, "I am impossible to begolate about the same, how much of them is beaten, the only one is the number of uncertain" (nickname. 354.) and from all Polovtsy and Russian troops, almost the tenth managed to escape. "And there is a crying and tug in Russia and throughout the Earth, hearing this misfortune" (Lavr. 189.). South Russia waited for himself perfect death, but suddenly the Tatars turned back and "not in charge of where Kamo Suma and Kamo." Vasilko Konstantinovich, brought his army only to Chernigov and, "I heard the Bed of Jew", hastily returned to Vladimir, "I was preserved by God and the Prechurch of the Virgin" (Love. 189.).

In the summer of 1223, there was a terrible drought across Vladimir-Suzdal Earth: the forests and swamps burned; The air was filled with such a mixture and smoke that the birds fell on the ground and the beasts from the forests fled to the cities and villages, "and was fear and horror on everyone" (nickname 347.). Scary comets, in 1223 and 1225 scared the northern people. But especially hard and Grozen fell to the share of Vladimir residents and the greater half of Russia 1230. May 3rd happened to the unprecedented phenomenon of nature in Vladimir. During the liturgy, at the time when the gospel was read in the Cathedral Church, such a strong earthquake happened that many churches were glad, the icons were shifted from the place, panicadiles and the candlesticks were injured from side to side; Thinking people in horror, "Jaco's head was emanated by the coherer", fell on the ground. The same month of the 10th and on the 14th were visible in the sky terrible eclipses of sunny. "Not on good, but on evil, sin sharing our God for us to see" (Novgor. 114.). "And God and the Earth's Downproof," the Annunciation of the Day stood rainy weather to Ilyin, then it was already being plugged, the bread did not have time to remove in the fields in the fields, frost began with the 14th of September, and the previous year was lacking. As a result, hunger began to be strong that people instead of bread ate a pine and lime bark, woody leaves, horse raised, psini, even fell, "and disadvantaged to the anger of God and smolden people along the whole earth, did not have a number." In 1231, this disaster passed: the crop of bread and different vegetables that year was excellent in the whole of Russian land, and there was a lot of live and flour imported from the German Earth. The survivors thanked God, who sent their grace on them, "when, scary solutions, it was already to die Russian land from the glad." The next 5 years have passed well for Vladimir.

In the West there was a fight against strong enemies, which began to threaten Russia even before Tatars: Lithuania, Swedes and the German knights of the Teutonic Order. They threatened not only the seizure of the territory, but also to the destruction of the Orthodox faith, the spiritual basis of the Russian people. In 1222 - the campaign of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich against the Order of the Middle Mares under Venden, the Allies of the Russians made Lithuanians.
In 1223 - the campaign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich under Revel to the rescue of the elas who rebel against the Order of the Middle Mares.
According to the "Chronicle" of Henrich Latvian, in 1224, the third campaign was launched, but the Russian troops came only to Pskov. Russian chronicles include approximately the time of the conflict of Yuri with Novgorod vehicle. In 1229, the planned by Yaroslav against the Order did not take place due to disagreements with Novgorod and Pskov, but in 1234, Yaroslav won the knights in the battle on the Omove.
In 1225 - the campaign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich against Lithuanians (the Grand District of Lithuania), the smolensk and Novgorod lands, ended with the victory of Yaroslav under conside.

The foundation of Nizhny Novgorod led to a struggle against a face, using disagreements between its princes. In 1226, Yuri sent his brothers, Svyatoslav and Ivan against her, and in September 1228 of his nephew, Prince Rostov; In January 1229, he himself went to the Mordlo. After that, Mordva attacked Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1232 she was pacified by the son of Yuri Vsevolod with Princes of Ryazan and Muromski. Opponents of the spread of Vladimir influence on the Mordovian lands were defeated, but several years later, during the Mongolian invasion, part of the Mordovian tribes spoke on the side of the Mongols.

In Novgorod continued the struggle of the parties, in which Yury had to take part. In 1221, Novgorod residents sent ambassadors to him with a request to give them to the princes of their Son. Yuri sent to the Novgorod Prince of his young son of Vsevolod and helped Novgorods in the fight against the Livonian Order, sending the army under the leadership of Brother Svyatoslav. Vsevolod, however, soon returned to Vladimir, and instead, Yuri sent, at the request of Novgorod, Brother Yaroslav. In 1223, Yaroslav left Novgorod to his Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, and Novgorod residents scored again of Vsevolod Yuryevich. This time there were some misunderstandings between Yuri and Novgorod; Vsevolod was taken away from Novgorod in Torzhok, where in 1224 he came to him with the army of his father. Yuri demanded the issuance of Novgorod boyars, which he was dissatisfied, and threatened in the case of disobedience to come to Novgorod to "drink his horses in Volkhov", but then removed without bloodshed, satisfied with a large sum of money and giving Novgorod to the princes of his Shurin, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich, Prince Chernigovsky.
But the continuous change of princes in Novgorod continued: there was a brother Yuri, Yaroslav, then Shurin - Mikhail Chernigovsky. In 1228, Yaroslav, again exiled from Novgorod, suspected the participation of the elder brother in his exile and bowed to his side of his nephews Konstantinovich, Vasilka, Prince Rostov, and Vsevolod, Prince Yaroslavsky. When Yuri found out about it, then we called all the birth to the congress to Vladimir in September 1229. At the congress, he managed to settle all misunderstandings, and the princes bowed to Yuri, calling him by his father and Mr..
In 1230, the Grand Prince Kievsky Vladimir Rurikovich and Mikhail Chernigovsky turned to Yuri with a request to settle disputes between Mikhail and Yaroslav because of Novgorod. With the participation of Metropolitan Kirill, Yuri reconciled opponents; Yaroslav obeyed the will of the Elder Brother and refused Novgorod, who was given to the son of Mikhail, Rostislav.

Pridneprovskaya Rus, torn apart, as before, civilians, again, as happened at Vsevolod, began to seek help in their needs to his son, Vladimir.

In 1231, Georgy went to Chernigov land against Mikhail, who in Union with Vladimir Rurikovich, Great Prince Kiev, began hostile actions against the son-in-law Yuri, Vasilka Romanovich, and the last brother, Daniel Galitsky. Mikhail after this hike lost Novgorod, who again moved to Yaroslav, after that, over a hundred years, Novgorod princes were only the descendants of Vsevolod a big nest.

In 1226, the Vladimir Church lost his worthy archpastor. "Blessed, gracious and teacher" Bishop Simon died on May 22 and, the mourned led. Prince and the whole flock, was buried in the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. Mitrofan was elected to George in his place, by one Chronicles of Igumen, according to other Archimandrite of the Vladimir Christmas Monastery; But for some reason he was postponed for a long time. The Grand Duke, who was in Chernigov, met with the Metropolitan of Kiev Kirillom, who arrived here at the head of the embassy from the Kiev Prince with the very purpose of the prince of princes. This Metropolitan, native Greek, was "the teaching of Divine Scriptures and teacher of the bearer." He placed all the princes that were at the congress; But most lovely loved him. kn. Georgy. He simplified the High Priest of All Russia to go to Vladimir, "and Tamo bless him" and put the bishop of the Vladimir-Suzdal region. In the first days of March, Metropolitan arrived in Vladimir and was adopted by citizens of "Great Cement". On the 14th month of March 1227, "in the babes of the post, accordingly, Calotonia Bishop was scheduled for worshipings. Another 4 bishop from neighboring principalities were invited to this celebration, and almost all the princes of Northeast Russia were gathered. On the appointed day gathered in the Assumption Cathedral led. Prince, all the family, visit the princes, boyars and many Vladimir residents and at such a numerous meeting was delivered to the Cathedral of the Hierarchs of Russian Mitrofan in the bishop "Volodymery, judge and persecute."
The chronicler, who described this event, was an eyewitness himself. "Take me the sinner of the world and video of the Wing and Premlavna and the glorifying of the global of God and Velikago Prince George."
Metropolitan after Cahrotonia stayed a few more days in Vladimir, "Formerly said a lot" and led. Prince and Vladimirs, and then went to Kiev. Himself led. Prince with children and his brothers spent a high guest per city.
In 1230, the Metropolitan of Kirill died in 1229. Metropolitan Kyirillus, who was the head of the embassy towards George from the Kiev Prince, at the head of the Embassy to Georgia from the Kiev Prince, at the head of the same Chernihiv Mikhail with Pereslavsky Yaroslav, was in 1229. He led the prince and this time reacted to the Metropolitan with due respect and persuaded his brother of his Yaroslav to reconcile with Mikhail.
Led. Prince Georgy, having heard about, wished the holy relics to be transferred to Vladimir. Found soon and convenient case towards that. At the end of 1229, they came to the prince of Bulgaria ambassadors to resume peaceful treatises with Russia. George demanded from ambassadors to be issued by SV. The relics of the martyr, for which those willingly agreed. On March 9, 1230, on the day of memory, 40 martyrs, "brought to the martyr's martyr avrami, a new corner of the Bulgarian land in the glorious city of Volodimimer," Bishopamitrophan and all the clergy of Vladimirskoye "Great Care and with Mini Residents Vladimir came out to meet St. The relics on the vest for the city and with the singing of church songs were brought to the city "and put in the church of St. The Mother of God, in monasteries Great Princess in Hurry, Assumption, female. "

Rumors about piety led. kn. George and his influence on other princes of Russians spread far beyond Russia and Pope Gregory IX did not fail to make an attempt to attract led. Prince Vladimirsky in the Roman Catholic faith. In 1231, he sent a letter to Vladimir to Georgy, in which, after flattering expansions of love and benevolence led. Prince and ordinary beliefs to submit to him, dad, like the governor of Christ and the successor of the AP. Peter, allegedly only having the power to knit and decide, wrote: "We, sincer wishing salvation of your soul and some success, benefit and honor, begging and convincing your lordship so that you humbly accepted and observed the rites and customs of Christian Latin, conquering yourself and your own The kingdom, in love to Christ, the sweet rule of the mother of all Christians, the Church of the Roman, who invites you to have you in the Church of God, like a Vidnikago sovereign, and love, how to find a son; But you will be abundant to yourself grace the grace of the apostolic of the sedelles and our, if, having left the path of delusions, you will go to you directly. And we take our part to take you and your kingdom under the protection of the Salnago of your patronage. " But the Pope's attempt was unsuccessful.

Mind. 1238
.
.
. 1238-1246 - Grand Duke Vladimir.

Yuri Vsevolodovich (1188-1238) - Grand Prince Vladimir, son of Vsevolod is a big nest.

Yuri Vsevolodovich was one of the many sons of Prince Vsevolod a big nest, took an active part in 1212-1216. Participated in Lipitskaya battle, he sat down twice to the grandfather's throne in Vladimir, first time he received him from his father, and the second - on the will of Brother Konstantin. Yuri remained the Grand Duke Vladimir until his death in 1238, when the throne was transferred to his brother Yaroslav.

Biography Yuri Vsevolodovich (briefly)

Prince Yuri was born in 1188 in Suzdal, was the Third Son of Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich and his first wife. From an early age, Yuri was attached to both the spiritual and military life of his family, which was further affected by his policy. In the early years, participated in several military campaigns together with its brothers. In particular, in 1207 he went to Ryazan, and in 1208 and 1209. - on Torzhok. Yuri Vsevolodovich married in 1211 and subsequently had several children, of whom only daughter remained alive.

Prince Yuri often began to be mentioned in the chronicles since 1211, when he entered into an internecine war with his own brothers. The cause of discord was G. Vladimir, who prince Vsevolod, contrary to tradition, he handed over to his older son Konstantin, and Yuri. After the death of Vsevolod in 1212, Konstantin decided to return the throne who belonged to him rightly and made a proposal to give Yuri Suzdal in exchange for Vladimir. Yuri did not accept the proposal, the cross-timer was started in which other brothers were drawn.

Yuri and Konstantin collected the troops several times and went hiking against each other in 1213 and 1214. However, no army could take the top over the other, and the brothers were standing in the mouth of the river. Ishna. The confrontation was allowed only after several years later, in 1216, when Mstislav Rostislavich joined the army, and together were able to invade Vladimir, break the army of Yuri and Yaroslav and subordinate power to himself. In the same year, Konstantin becomes Grand Duke.

However, Yuri briefly loses his throne. Konstantin, seemingly in Vladimir, writes the will, according to which, after his death, the city goes to Yuri. A year later, in 1218, Konstantin dies, and Yuri again becomes Prince Vladimir and no longer leaves this place until his death.

Internal and foreign policy of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich

The policy of Yuri Vsevolodovich is in many ways similar to the policy of his father. Like he, Yuri was not a supporter of open armed conflicts, he always tried to apply diplomacy and cunning in the settlement of certain foreign policy problems. It is avoided by serious military conflicts that could achieve certain success in domestic and foreign policy.

Despite its peacefulness, Yuri still spent several trips during his board. In particular, since 1220, he is actively fighting against the Volga Bulgaria, which by the time it was able to take part of the Russian territories on the border. Yuri sends his army against Bulgar, who managed to achieve the territory of the Volga Bulgaria, ruin a few major cities and sat down, thereby reducing Bulgarian to go on a truce. However, even after Yuri receives the proposal of the world, he does not meet former rivals. Only a year later, in 1221, after another two sentences of the world and significant ransom, Yuri signs a peace treaty. At the same time, in order to strengthen its power in the disheveled territories, Yuri orders to establish new city (Nizhny Novgorod) and rebuild several cathedrals and temples in it.

Later, in 1222 and 1223, Yuri, together with Lithuanians, is fighting under the city of Revel with the Esta tribe. After two trips against Es, a new stage of dealing with Lithuanians, who have recently supported Yuri, and then attacked Rus. At the same time, the conflict with Novgorod begins inside the country, in which the prince also takes part.

In 1226, Yuri and his troops begin a long-term struggle with a face behind the territory around Nizhny Novgorod. The struggle lasts several years with varying success - large battles occur in 1226, 1228 and 1229.

At the end of his reign, Yuri faces a more serious threat -. In 1236, Khan Bati attacks Rus and rapidly conquers her territories. After Moscow was captured, Yuri, learning about it, leaves from Vladimir to r. City, where it begins to actively recruit the army and call on the aid of his brothers. Although Yuri enlisted the support of Yaroslav and Svyatoslav, the princes did not have time to collect a rather strong army. In February 1238, Khan Bati captures Vladimir, ruins the city and burns the whole family of Yuri (only daughter remains alive).

Yuri is taking a return campaign against Batya in March 1238 in one of the battles, March 4, he dies.

Results of the Board of Yuri Vsevolodovich

The role of Prince Yuri in the history of Russia historians is ambiguous. On the one hand, he managed to make quite a lot for the development of the state: several profitable peace agreements were concluded, new cities were built, much attention was paid to the development of the church. Yuri was a fairly merciful ruler, constantly built new cathedrals, monasteries, churches, helped in need.

On the other hand, he failed to protect Russia from the invasion of Tatar-Mongol and the ruin, which followed by this. It was the unsuccessful policy of Prince Yuri in many respects will be the cause of the long-term Board of Tatars in Russia.

Nevertheless, for his attitude to the Church and Mercy, Yuri was canonized in 1645