Drill sharpening devices and machines. Accessories for sharpening drills for metal. Assembly of parts into a single apparatus and arrangement of safety elements

To improve the quality of their work, craftsmen often make a machine for sharpening drills with their own hands. When using drills, you need to pay attention to their sharpness and the absence of damage - the quality of drilling depends on this. Previously, sharpening was done manually, but today you can buy a special machine or make it on your own according to individual parameters.

Features of the drilling process that affect the sharpness of the drills

Drilling is ubiquitous in home and industrial use. In this process, the cutting edges create depressions in the surface as they rotate. Their power is enough to act on most materials, and even metal. The spiral channel removes waste and dust, so drilling can be done without stopping. But these particles wear off the drill device, causing it to wear out. Periodic sharpening can prevent this.

The wear of the drill directly depends on the duration of its use.

The fastest damage occurs when working with metal and wood. The problem can be noticed when a specific squeaky sound is detected. As a result, not only the quality of drilling deteriorates, but also the heating of the tool increases, which can disable it. If the drill is heavily worn, the sharpness deterioration can be felt even by touching it.

Sharpening types:

Single-plane - used for large drills. This is a strong sharpening that can crush material, so you need to be careful. The part must be moved on a circular surface without shifting its position in order not to damage the surface.
Conical - used for large drills. They need to be held with both hands, as it can slip off when applied to the part.
Lapping is the final stage, which evens out single irregularities and polishes the surface.

The most commonly used spiral alloy drills with reinforcing solders. There are also flat models for large holes. Regardless of parameters and diameter, they require sharpening to prevent wear.

What is needed to assemble a drill sharpening machine?

Not only the grinding is responsible for the cutting ability of the drill, but also the blade angle - the smaller it is, the better the drilling. The optimal angle is 90 °, 100 ° is required for wood, and 30 ° is suitable for plastic. Sharpening improves the angle of the cutting edge and centers it. This is done with an emery coating, which is also used in specialized equipment or for manual sharpening. The machines can be industrial or domestic, which determines their size and power. Many craftsmen create their own sharpening equipment - a cheap solution, often as good as a production model.

It is best performed on special machines. The modern market offers a large selection of such devices, but their parameters do not always meet expectations, or the cost turns out to be too high. In this case, you can make a machine on your own, this requires only initial technical skills. Despite the lower power of the home machine, it has a number of advantages over industrial devices:

use of a single-phase flow of electricity at 220V;
individual performance tuning;
equipment mobility when installing limited functionality;
high performance for the required type of drills;
ease of repair and low assembly costs.

The correct approach to creating a machine tool will allow you to get an effective sharpener. To assemble it, you need a toggle switch, a plug, a grinding wheel, a sufficiently strong motor, a set of wires, a stand and an axle. It is important to observe safety precautions, therefore it is better to cover the machine in a protective case, leaving only the turning circle and the axis visible. For operation, the device uses both a constant power supply network and a battery - for greater mobility.

Assembly of parts into a single apparatus and arrangement of safety elements

It is necessary to provide a surface for fixing the machine. For this, a metal table is suitable, on which marks are made for bolts. Next, you need to take a granular disc, which is attached to the electric motor of the future machine. If the diameters of the shaft and disc do not match, they must be aligned with the tools at hand. In case of coincidence, the washer is placed on the shaft, after which the disk and, again, the washer. A thread must first be made on the shaft. Next, a fastening nut is installed, and an anti-swing nozzle is put on the circle.

You can add a bushing if the shaft has a smaller diameter than a stone. A hole is made in it, with which it is attached to the shaft, since the bushing will improve fixation and will rotate with the disc. If you cannot find the correct motor, you can use the motor from the washing machine. Wires can also be installed from it if they have three contacts in a suitable state. Next, the winding is connected to the phase line of two buttons, which are responsible for turning the machine on and off. Thus, the device will be triggered by simple button commands.

The electric motor is not dangerous when open, but it should be protected. The motor can be hidden in a metal case so that dust and moisture do not accumulate in it. Since a lot of chips are generated when sharpening drills, this is a hazard. It is necessary to build a protective glass screen that will protect your eyes. Of course, glasses can be used, but metal particles can fly off into the face. It is also advisable to make a protective cover. For this, a tire is suitable, part of which will cover the grinding disc by a third.

We sharpen parts on a homemade machine

If it is not possible to get an electric motor, you can get by with a simple drill. It is not necessary to buy a new device, the old device in which the engine is functioning will do. To create a machine, it must be fixed to the surface, and a universal disk (can be replaced with a grinding wheel) or a sleeve must be installed in the chuck. When the drill is turned on, it will be suitable for working on drills. To get the best performance, you need to get the right sharpening process. Since drills have two threads, it is important to keep the same dimensions when machining so that the axis of rotation matches the center of the drill.

Before you start sharpening, you need to check the reliability of the fastening of the disc and protective elements. It will take from half an hour for a quality result. Each drill material has its own characteristics of sharpening and direction of rotation, which must be studied before work. A sharpener (abrasive disc or emery) of the coarsest format is installed in a desktop machine. This will compensate for major damage. After that, you need to go to a fine abrasive, which will grind the surface. It is important to stick to one sharpening angle, although the drill will slide out in the process. If this is missed, there is a risk of dismount and injury.

It is important to avoid overheating of the drills. This destroys their plates, so you need to periodically lower them in water (this cannot be done if the drill is already hot). Otherwise, simple skill is enough for sharpening drills. Compliance with the procedure and safety rules will allow you to quickly sharpen drills on a homemade machine and do without expensive equipment.

Drills for metal are always hardened, but products can become dull over time. Naturally, this is not a reason to throw them away. If you wish, you can sharpen the drill with your own hands using professional equipment or home-made devices.

The main types of sharpening

Experienced craftsmen know that the sharpening of a drill for metal can be different. depending on diameter and application characteristics.

Single-plane sharpening is designed for drills with a maximum diameter of 3 mm. In the process of performing the work, it is possible to "chip out" the edge, so you need to be very careful. To sharpen the product correctly, it should be applied to the circle and moved parallel to the surface.
The tapered procedure is intended for larger metal tools. In this case, the tool must be held with both hands, making consistent sharpening.
Finishing is carried out after the end of sharpening. Thanks to this procedure, it is possible to grind the cutting edge and eliminate even the smallest notches.

To sharpen the drill with your own hands correctly, you must use the appropriate machines. Similar devices are divided into 2 groups.

If you are interested in the question of how to sharpen a drill for metal, then be sure to purchase the appropriate machine. An inexpensive model with an average power is suitable for home conditions. It will allow you to sharpen small drills for metal.

Naturally, when buying, you need pay attention to the noise level as well as the design of the model. The best option would be a simple machine, because it will not be difficult to find the right parts for it.

It is necessary to buy such devices only in specialized places, since here the kit provides for the presence of a technical passport. Moreover, you will be given a warranty card.

Using machines at home

As mentioned earlier, it is advisable to use household machines at home. With their help, it is possible to sharpen various types of drills. It is important to remember that for some varieties you will have to buy the corresponding circles.

To sharpen the drill yourself, you should give preference to a machine equipped with a universal chuck. It allows you to clamp elements of different diameters.

The kit often includes:

keys;
collet;
spare parts;
lamp for the working area.

The most popular equipment is from Drill Doctor and GS. Such products are intended for sharpening drills with a diameter of 2-13 mm and 14-34 mm. Unfortunately, this equipment does not allow sharpening too thin drills. For this purpose, you will have to buy a special machine.

All equipment designed for sharpening drills at home, has a number of advantages:

the ability to work from the mains;
high performance;
ease of use;
functionality;
sharpening accuracy;
affordable price;
compact dimensions;
light weight;
convenient control system, thanks to which you can adjust the intensity of sharpening and its speed.

Homemade sharpening devices

If you do not have an appropriate machine, then you can sharpen using other tools. We are talking about an electric drill or homemade equipment, created from the drawing... It is best to opt for the latter option, otherwise you can ruin many drills before you master the correct sharpening.

You can even create a suitable device with your own hands from wood. So, a bar with holes corresponding to the diameter of the drills is fixed on a horizontal surface. The aforementioned holes are made at a slight inclination in order to obtain the required sharpening angle.

Some craftsmen prefer an electric drill equipped with the appropriate attachments. Naturally, the assortment of similar elements is small, which complicates the do-it-yourself sharpening. As a rule, a stone and a leash are included with the attachments. If you plan to sharpen the drills using a specific drill, the leader should be shortened immediately.

If you wish, you can independently make a similar attachment for a drill, guided by the recommendations given in the corresponding video. Such devices must be equipped with fasteners for fixing the drill.

Features of the sharpening process

If you first decided to sharpen a part with your own hands, do the work in strict sequence.

The back surface is treated first. So, the drill is pressed tightly and constantly monitored so that the sharpening angle remains the same. As a result of processing, the tip of the drill will resemble a regular taper.
Next comes the turn of the cutting part.
The last stage involves finishing the back surface. In this case, it is necessary to make sure that the size of the jumper is no more than 0.4 mm. Naturally, for a large drill for metal, this parameter should be slightly higher.

If something didn't work out right the first time, don't despair. It is best to start practicing with tools that you are unlikely to need. The main thing is to learn how to press correctly and maintain an angle. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the lateral parts of the drill, and not the tip, are responsible for drilling. Accordingly, the edges must be sharpened.

It is important to remember that during the sharpening process fine particles are formed... Due to heating, they fly apart in the form of sparks. It is for this reason that it is necessary to adhere to safety precautions. It is about the use of protective goggles and gloves. Also, when sharpening, make sure that the drill is securely fixed. Otherwise, it may accidentally escape from the hands.

If you decide to use an appropriate machine for sharpening, be sure to prepare your workplace. In particular, we are talking about good lighting. You also need wear protective gloves and goggles.

To properly sharpen the drill with your own hands, you need use a suitable device... It can be a household or industrial machine, as well as an electric drill with a special attachment. If you have not tried sharpening a drill before, check out the corresponding video first.

It is quite simple to make a device for sharpening drills with your own hands, the conditions for success will be knowledge of the rules for sharpening cutting tools, as well as the ability to work with a hand tool and technical ingenuity.

The main rules for ensuring high-quality sharpening are:

in one pass it is necessary to remove a small layer of metal;
in the process of performing the work, the drill is repeatedly cooled in an aqueous or water-soda solution;
the speed of rotation of the emery wheel should be as low as possible;
the drill, during sharpening, should not overheat;
in the process of performing the work, the drill is directed against the movement of the abrasive wheel.

The volume and nature of the work performed depends on the type of wear of the cutting tool. Wear can be classified by:

back surface;
jumpers;
corners;
chamfer;
front surface.

Depending on the type of drill sharpening, its technical characteristics, as well as the purpose, the following types of processing are recommended, such as:

Sharpening type	Diameter	Purpose and characteristics of the sharpening angle
Single normal - "N"	up to 12.0 mm	For universal use. Angle - according to the material being processed.
Single with a jumper undercut - "NP"	up to 12.0 mm	For machining cast steel. The angle is 115-120 °.
Single with undercutting of the lintel and ribbon - "NPL"	over 12.0 mm	For steel and cast steel as well as cast iron. The angle is 115-120 °.
Double with undercut jumper - "DP"	over 12.0 mm	For steel and cast iron with a crust on. Sharpening is performed at two angles: 116-118 ° and 70-75 °.
Double with undercut lintels and ribbons - "DPL"	over 12.0 mm	For universal use. Angle - according to the material being processed.
According to the Zhirov method	over 12.0 mm	Used in the processing of brittle materials. The main sharpening angle is 118 *, additional - 70 ° and 55 °.

The sharpening angles for twist drills used in the processing of various materials must be clarified before using them, because they vary from 85 to 135 *, which is due to their viscosity.

How to make a machine with your own hands

For sharpening twist drills, any grinding machine (unit) operating from a 380/220 Volt electrical network, equipped with an emery wheel and equipped with a special device, which secures the sharpened drill at a certain angle to the axis of rotation of the abrasive element of the device, can be used.

Basic requirements for special devices that ensure high-quality performance of work:

The axis of the tool must coincide with the axis of rotation of the abrasive wheel. It can be in the same horizontal plane with it or be slightly higher than it.
The equipment and accessories used must be securely fixed.
The design of the fixture should allow the drill to be sharpened at different angles, depending on the user's needs.

To make one of the options for such devices, you will need:

Hand-held locksmith tools, angle grinder ("grinder"), welding machine.
Sheet steel with a thickness of 3.0 - 4.0 mm, as well as a small diameter steel tube available.

The work on the manufacture of the machine is carried out in the following sequence:

The used grinding machine (No. 5 in the diagram) is firmly fixed on the selected surface.
A platform (No. 1 in the diagram) is made of strip steel, on which the drill will be fixed (No. 3 in the diagram).
The shape of the platform can be arbitrary, the only condition is that a groove is made at the location of the drill by means of a "grinder".
On the site, holes are drilled (No. 6 in the diagram) that serve to secure the mounting plate (No. 2 in the diagram), as well as holes that connect the device to the grinder (not shown in the diagram).
The shape and size of the mounting plate can be arbitrary.
The attachment point to the base of the grinding unit is made of a metal tube and strip steel. The presence of the tube allows for the movement of the device in the vertical plane - it becomes possible to change the angle of sharpening of the drill.
The attachment point of the sharpening device to the body of the grinding machine depends on the type and structure of the emery wheel protection unit (No. 4 in the diagram), as well as the presence of a stop (platform) of a specific emery unit.
If desired, the attachment unit can be equipped with additional elements that provide the oscillating movement of the device in the horizontal plane, which will ensure the required articulation during work.
After all the elements of the device are assembled, it is attached to the stop (casing) of the grinding machine and the operability of the manufactured device is checked.

For sharpening twist drills, you can use various emery wheels, but in light of the fact that this consumable (tool) is made of durable steel, then abrasive elements must comply with this.

Having picked up the correct drawing of the drill sharpening device, you can make homemade full-fledged equipment at home. Thanks to such a device, the task of ensuring the required geometric shape of the tool is greatly simplified.

When using it, there is no need to worry not only about the rotation of potentially dangerous sharpening stones, but also about the sharpening angles, which need to be properly maintained, fishing each degree by hand.

Features of using homemade sharpening devices

In the process of drilling holes in metal products, drills wear out quite a bit, which leads to their heating and loss of their properties. To avoid such a phenomenon, measures are required to ensure the regular restoration of their geometric parameters. This can be done using special equipment for sharpening drilling tools. The creation of such a simple device can be done independently, which will allow for high-quality sharpening without any significant financial costs.

Many experienced specialists practically do not use sharpening devices, since they are absolutely confident in their experience and with an eye that allows them to sharpen drills correctly. But in practice, the use of such devices is extremely necessary, since it allows the mechanization of this process. As a result of such work, the maximum accuracy and quality of the sharpening will be ensured.

The modern market offers various types of equipment that allows you to carry out the restoration of the geometry of cutting tools in a high-quality manner, even in the absence of experience in this matter. At the same time, there is no urgent need to purchase such products, since they can be made by hand according to the existing drawings of tools for sharpening drills.

Drawings of the simplest devices

The simplest devices for sharpening can be sleeves, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the transverse dimensions of the drills. The sleeve is rigidly fixed to a secure base with a certain angle. When selecting a sleeve for such devices, you should pay attention to the correspondence of its inner diameter with the transverse dimension of the sharpened tools. It is forbidden for the machined tools to dangle in the bushing, because, even with a deviation of 1-2 degrees along the axis from the required values, the quality and accuracy of sharpening may significantly decrease.

Such homemade drill sharpeners should be equipped with clips. For their manufacture, copper or aluminum tubes are suitable, the inner diameter of which is equal to the typical size of the drilling tool used.

In some cases, the task can be simplified by installing a wooden block on this structure, in which holes are to be drilled, with a diameter corresponding to the tool used. One of the most important elements of such a product is the presence of a handcuff, which is necessary for:

ensuring correct fixation of the drilling tool and the possibility of accurate movement in relation to the surface of the abrasive stone;
creating a stop point for the drill to be sharpened.

Such products from oak bars, in which holes of different sizes are provided, are the most reliable. Thanks to them, high-quality and accurate sharpening of tools is carried out. The main task that must be solved by a home-made machine or similar device is the correct orientation of the cutting part of the machined tools to obtain the accuracy of the required sharpening angle.

For the manufacture of a home-made machine for sharpening drills, a number of different design variations of such equipment can be used. With the appropriate drawings and understanding of the principle of operation of this equipment, you can make the grinding equipment yourself at home.

The structure consists of the following elements:

Promo site

Mount for drill and stop screw

Bolts, nuts, pins, screws

There are important rules that must be observed during the operation of such a device, namely, the sharpened tool should not rotate around its axis. In the event of even a slight turn, the sharpening must be done again.

The sharpened tool must be cooled naturally. After that, you should check its restored geometric parameters. You can use a template for this. It should be borne in mind that each cutting edge of the drill may differ from each other by no more than a tenth of a mm. At the same time, special attention should be paid to this parameter if the drills have a small diameter.

Video "Attachment for sharpening drills according to the drawing"

Full-fledged fixture drawing

Quite a simple way of making homemade sharpening equipment, which is practically no different from a factory product. It takes about 1.5-2 hours to assemble it according to the finished drawings.

To make do-it-yourself tools for sharpening drills, it is necessary to provide for the following consumables, equipment and tools:

welding machine;
electric drill;
grinders;
standard locksmith toolbox;
a corner, the size of the shelves of which is 30x30, and its length is 100-150 mm;
metal plates of different thickness (3-5 mm);
hairpins or a piece of steel rods, the diameter of which is 10-12 mm;
washers, screws, bolts and nuts of various sizes.

First of all, the bed is made, which will be the base in the grinding device. For this, a steel plate is used, onto which a steel bar (12 mm in diameter) is welded at an angle of 75 degrees. It will be the axis.

After that, a washer should be placed on the welded rod, which will be a thrust bearing. The size of the angle, the rotation of the bed when sharpening the drill will be negligible, so there is no reason to use a standard ball bearing.

The stock where the sharpened tool will be located is made from a prepared corner. One side of the corner profile that faces the side of the grindstone must be grinded at a 60 degree angle. On the stock, according to the drawing, a bracket is welded, by means of which the fixation of the pivot assembly of the device will be performed. As a result of this, a structure will be produced, the corners of which, in the case of a parallel position of the bed and the bed, should be located to the surface of the abrasive stone in accordance with the angle of the drill to be sharpened.

The sharpening machine, which is shown in the drawing, has fixed angles of inclination, but for greater possibilities it is desirable to provide the ability to adjust the angles. In such cases, there will be more chances of using the fixture if it is necessary to restore tools with different sharpening angles, for example, if it is necessary to sharpen drills for metal, concrete, etc.

To create a more functional unit, you can use drawings of other structures that have the ability to adjust the angles:

Video "Fixture made according to the drawing"

Not only the speed and quality of drilling depends on sharpening the drill, but also the safety technique. Only professional toolmakers can sharpen the drill manually by eye, all the rest will either make the wrong angle of the cutting edges, or make the platforms semicircular, or make them unequal and shift the center of the drill. All of the above errors lead to the fact that it is impossible to work with such a tool.

There are many tips for making special devices at home, in principle, they do a good job with their tasks. But they have one common drawback - for manufacturing you need to be a good locksmith and welder, and not everyone has such knowledge. In addition, the process itself is quite time consuming. We offer a very simple and versatile solution, it will take no more than 10–20 minutes, and the quality of sharpening will fully meet the standards.

What is needed to adapt

You should prepare a wooden block of about 100 × 50 × 30 mm, an ordinary drill, a school square, a pencil, a Euro screw or any other long element with wood carvings.

Manufacturing process

Find the center at the end of the rectangular bar, drill a through hole in it. You can use an ordinary drill. If in doubt about your skills, then find the center on the opposite end, with its help you can control the verticality of the hole. This is a very important condition. If you do not complete it, then the cutting edges of the drill after sharpening will not be the same.
At a 120-degree angle, cut the two corners of the block. First, you need to draw two lines at an angle of 30 degrees, they must intersect exactly in the center, this is also an important condition. Consequence of failure - the center of the drill will shift to the side, while drilling the tool will hit. The cut must be strictly perpendicular to the planes. For control, also draw lines on the back of the bar, then along them you can correct the cut on a grinder. There should be a 120 degree angle at the top, this is a universal size for metal drills.

When turning, the drill is inserted into the hole; you can use a Euro screw to fix it in a given position. On the side face, a hole of the appropriate diameter must be drilled before connecting to the central hole. This completes the manufacturing work.

How to use

Insert the drill into the hole before sharpening. Align the cutting planes exactly along the edges of the bar with a protrusion of about a millimeter. It all depends on the degree of damage to the cutting edges. Clamp the tool firmly with the Euro screw.

Lay the endless belt sander on its side and sharpen the edges gently. It is advisable to start from the center and gradually press the device with the entire surface to the abrasive, when you touch the wood, the sharpening stops. Then all the actions are repeated on the other side.

Conclusion

Practice has shown that such a device works great, but subject to two conditions:

It is necessary to sharpen on serviceable tools, it does not matter if it is a grinder, a grinder or a sharpener. The abrasive element cannot have beats, otherwise no adaptation will help.
If, due to insufficient experience, quite a lot of a bar is removed during sharpening, then periodically it is necessary to check its angle.

Another advantage - if the device is made for a diameter of 10 mm, then it can be used to restore the edges of drills with a diameter of 8-10 mm. Make several of them with different diameters for all the drills used.