Correct laying of cinder block. Master class on laying cinder block walls. Bricklaying corners from cinder blocks

Cinder blocks are one of the most relevant building materials. They are popular because of their affordable prices, ease of masonry and good technical characteristics. You can erect walls from it with your own hands without the help of professional craftsmen. But before that, you definitely need to study the technology of masonry, learn about its pitfalls.

Features of the choice of cinder block and wall construction

The cinder block is made from cement, sand, water and fillers: blast-furnace slag, perlite, expanded clay crumbs, etc. The strength, frost resistance, and porosity of the material depend on the composition and quantity of the latter. Before buying, you need to clarify the presence of a quality certificate in order to exclude the presence of a dangerous concentration of toxic substances. It is risky to purchase products made in artisanal conditions, although they are slightly cheaper than factory-made ones. But without professional equipment and knowledge of the correct production technology, it is impossible to create a product that meets the technical characteristics of GOST.

Algorithm for laying cinder blocks

In addition to the positive properties, the cinder block has some negative features. First of all, you need to remember about its high hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) and protect it from dampness. In addition, the blocks will not be able to withstand a very heavy load with a reinforced concrete floor, in this case a monolithic reinforced belt is required. But it is quite possible to lay them with your own hands without outside help or hired workers.

After applying a leveling cement layer to the foundation, it must be well protected from water using a waterproofing material, for example, roofing felt. Its ends are connected with an overlap of at least 150 mm.

The construction of walls is done as follows:

The first step is to set the corners. The blocks in the first row are placed on a cement mortar with a plasticizing additive 10-15 mm thick. It is applied to the entire surface of the product. If it is vertical, then the upward movement with a trowel should be carried out without separation from the block. The level of the product is controlled using a level, and the position is controlled using a building level. The weight of the cinder block, depending on the size and structure (monolithic, hollow), ranges from 10 to 28 kg.
A cord is pulled between the corner blocks, and the construction of the walls begins. If the distance between them exceeds 10 m in the center of the row, but you need to place an additional block and fix the cord on it so that it does not sag.
After laying the first row, you need to wait 1-2 hours and only then start working further. The next rows of outer corners are laid with obligatory dressing (depth not less than 10 cm). It is also used to connect load-bearing internal walls with an external one. It is not necessary to fill the cavity of the product with a solution during laying from a cinder block, this will only worsen the thermal insulation properties of the material.
After every 3-4 rows, reinforcement is required. For this, iron rods and a grid are used. All stages of masonry can be done by hand.
In places where there will be a partition, a flexible steel tie-anchor is inserted into the seam. One end is mounted into the load-bearing wall, and the other into the seam of the partition. They need to be fixed on every second row of the load-bearing wall.

Many at the stage of choosing building materials for a house doubt which is better: foam blocks or cinder blocks? Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, they have different prices, differ in technical characteristics. You need to focus on the type and purpose of the room, the requirements for it, the design of the walls.

The inner surface of the walls must be waterproofed with high-quality vapor-proof plaster, insulated (with foil, expanded polystyrene), and then install drywall, glue wallpaper, paint, etc. For exterior decoration, facing brick, plaster followed by painting, siding are suitable. The air gap must be filled with insulation: polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool.

The strength of the masonry with your own hands depends not only on compliance with its technology, but also on the technical characteristics of the cinder block, the quality of the solution. If you follow all the rules, a cinder block house will serve the owner for many years.

Cinder block laying: how to lay cinder block correctly (video)

The laying of cinder blocks can be done by hand without the help of craftsmen. Compliance with technology, proper finishing will create strong walls and keep warm in the room

How to lay cinder blocks yourself - step by step instructions

Cinder block as a building material is gaining more and more popularity. This is due to several factors. First of all, the low cost, which can be further reduced by making the blocks yourself. The second reason for the popularity is that cinder block laying can be done by hand.

Cinder block is an artificial stone based on compressed cemented cinder concrete. Slag, granite crushed stone, granite screenings, gravel, broken glass, sand, dried pieces of cement are used as fillers. Cinder block dimensions according to standards: 400x200x200 or 390x190x190. In the second case, 10 mm is left for the mortar joint.

The cinder block is of two types:

corpulent is used for laying the foundation, basement, supporting structures;
hollow acts as a building material with which walls and partitions can be laid out.

The block type also determines its properties. The higher the hollowness, the lower the thermal conductivity, which means that the warmth of the premises will be retained. However, the strength of the material decreases from this. The masonry scheme practically does not change.

What should be considered before starting work?

If the laying is done with your own hands, then the cost of the construction can be significantly reduced. It is enough to pick up high-quality cinder blocks and find out how to properly lay the masonry.

1. The choice of the method of installation.

The laying pattern is influenced by the cinder block used, which depends on the type of material and the nature of the future building. You can put blocks in one, one and a half, two and half a stone (spoon method). It is worth considering the fact that the thicker the wall is laid out, the warmer the building will be.

2. Preparation of mortar for masonry.

The manufacturing technology is the same, but the proportions depend on the nature of the future building. Now you can buy ready-made mixtures in stores, in which it is enough to add a certain amount of water. However, this will significantly increase the cost of the masonry. Therefore, usually the solution is prepared independently. The standard proportions are as follows:

The amount of water is adjusted for each specific case. The result should be a viscous, non-dripping solution. If so, then you did everything right. At the end of cooking, it is necessary to add a plasticizer, which is used to increase frost resistance and increase density. A composition that has the following parameters is considered to be of high quality:

adhesion;
plastic;
uniformity;
frost resistance;
self-sealing;
strength;
waterproofness.

The main rule is that the mortar must withstand the forthcoming loads of the building. If the technology for manufacturing blocks is strictly followed, then the product will eventually turn out to be of high quality.

3. Preparation of the necessary tools.

If you don't know where to start laying the cinder block, start by choosing the necessary tools. You will need:

A hand-held circular saw can be replaced with a hacksaw, since the cinder block is easy to saw.
Respirator. Do not neglect safety measures and still use the specified device during the sawing process (it cannot be avoided). And the price should not be the reason for the refusal to buy.
Construction level, laser or bubble, of your choice. You must be absolutely sure of the quality, so it is recommended to check it.
A hammer or mallet.
A trowel, which will come out to be made by yourself, which will further reduce the cost of construction.
Plumb line. Its role is played by any weight on the line or cord.
Ordering. This instrument is usually made of wood and is a river with a cross section (50x50 or 70x50 mm), the length is about two meters. The goal is to mark the rows of masonry, fix the marks of the top and bottom of the openings.

After carrying out the preparatory work, you can start laying the cinder block directly.

Step-by-step instructions for laying

1. The beginning of the cinder block laying is the pouring of the foundation, the width of which should slightly exceed the width of the blocks. The surface should be perfectly flat, without flaws in the form of bulges and pits.

2. Setting the corners. For this purpose, rows are used, which are attached to each corner. It is necessary to select the tool taking into account the thickness of the blocks, as well as the thickness of the two seams. A thread or string is pulled between the row marks of each row, which indicates the level of the row.

3. Directly laying cinder block. The first layer is the most important, therefore, special attention is paid to this process. First you need to spread the adhesive mixture in an even layer using a trowel, on which you want to lay the cinder block. After 3 blocks have been laid, the installation must be checked with a level and a plumb line. Then repeat this procedure as often as possible, this is required by the instructions. This will avoid re-laying, which means that the price for the work will be lower. The next layers are laid in the same way with level control. It is not recommended to make the joint thickness more than 1.5 cm. The slots are also filled with a cement compound. If a hollow cinder block is being laid, then in no case should the voids inside the blocks be filled with a solution, as this will lead to a loss of thermal insulation properties.

4. Completion of the work consists in facing the wall or its "jointing" (on the cement between the blocks from the outside, draw an oblique cut with a cut hollow pipe).

If the wall will not be faced, then soot can be added to the cement mortar. This will decorate the building, however, you need to be careful not to stain the blocks.

Other builder tips

There are little tricks that can help make your job a little easier, since laying walls with your own hands can be difficult for an inexperienced builder.

1. Specialists, as a rule, carry out the laying of the cinder block, without using any additional devices. If this is the first time you do it yourself, then you can use a template, the size of which depends on the dimensions of the blocks (you will be able to make it yourself).

2. Red clay is used as a plasticizer, especially since it is affordable.

3. You also need to take care in advance of making a special platform, which will be needed in order to be able to lay out the top layers. A stepladder will not work for this purpose, because you cannot take a bucket with you, and you have to constantly move it, and it is easy to fall.

4. It is necessary to monitor the thickness of the seam. It should be no more than 1.5 cm, otherwise the heat will leave the building outside.

DIY cinder block masonry: step-by-step instructions, tools, tips

How to prepare a high-quality mortar for laying blocks yourself? Helpful hints for inexperienced builders.

Cinder block: DIY laying

DIY cinder block masonry is gaining more and more popularity every year. This artificial stone is one of the cheapest building materials. At the same time, it has excellent technical characteristics and allows you to erect not only utility buildings, but also full-fledged residential buildings. The installation of a cinder block is not particularly difficult, therefore, all the work can be done without the involvement of a construction team, which allows you to increase your professionalism and save a considerable amount.

Technical characteristics of the cinder block

The cinder blocks got their name thanks to the filler that was previously used in the process of their production: slag, ash and other products of solid fuel combustion. However, such blocks were characterized by high moisture absorption and insufficient strength. Therefore, today fine-grained crushed stone, expanded clay, broken brick, sawdust, etc. are used as a filler.

The entire cinder block available on the domestic market can be conditionally divided into three types:

corpulent - high-strength building material, the weight of which is about 26-28 kg;
hollow - has low thermal conductivity and is perfect for masonry walls;
semi-block - used for the design of interior partitions.

Each type has a certain voidness, the value of which determines the main characteristics of the product (strength and thermal conductivity). It is on voidness that you need to focus first of all when choosing blocks for the construction of walls (Fig. 1).

When carrying out construction work with their own hands, many are interested in the question: what should be the thickness of the cinder block walls? It all depends on the purpose of the building being erected and the climatic zone in which it was built. The standard dimensions of this material are as follows: width - 390 mm, height - 188 mm, thickness - 190 mm.

The laying of cinder blocks, like ordinary bricks, can be performed according to the following schemes:

Considering how to lay the cinder block correctly, you need to know that with an increase in the thickness of the walls, their thermal conductivity decreases, that is, it becomes warmer and more comfortable in the house. At the same time, excessive thickness leads to additional financial waste and an increase in the load on the foundation. For the construction of a one-story house, the recommended wall thickness from a cinder block is 380 mm (1 block masonry).

Preparatory work

Before laying the cinder block with your own hands, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

circular saw;
electric drill with a nozzle for mixing the solution;
building level;
plumb line;
trowel;
hammer;
container for masonry mixture;
cord;
cement, sand;
steel rods or reinforcing mesh.

High-quality masonry of any wall material begins with the creation of a reliable base. Its type depends on the condition of the soil at the summer cottage and the depth of the groundwater. So, for heaving soils, the best option is a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation.

For stable soils with deep underground waters, a tape base is well suited, which can be made independently, without the use of construction machinery and expensive equipment. Its width should be equal to or greater than the thickness of the future walls. To fill the foundation, a mortar is prepared from cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 2: 4.

Strip base scheme

After the installation mixture has completely hardened, a waterproofing material is laid on top of the concrete base to protect the blocks from moisture. It is recommended to use roofing material as waterproofing.

Cinder block walls are laid on cement mortar, which can be purchased at any hardware store or made by hand. Ready-made dry mixes are relatively expensive, so many choose the second option. Masonry mortar is prepared from cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 3. To give the mixture plasticity and increase its frost resistance, a plasticizer is added to it. The finished masonry mass should be viscous and spread slightly under the weight of the cinder block.

DIY cinder block laying

Brickwork, cinder block or any other building material begins from the corners of the future house. In this case, you need to be very careful, since the evenness and reliability of all walls will depend on the correct setting of the corners. First, a little mortar is applied to the corners of the foundation and leveled with a trowel. Then two blocks are placed on top of it at right angles, after which another block is mounted on them, observing the dressing of the seams.

The rest of the corners of the house are driven out in the same way. The masonry must be constantly checked for horizontal and vertical evenness using a building level and a plumb line.

If any element does not fit into the overall picture, it is corrected by lightly tapping with a trowel. Nails are hammered into the resulting seam between the upper and lower blocks and a cord is pulled, which will be a guide when laying the first row. After installing the first row along the entire perimeter of the foundation, they begin to lay the second row, and so on.

Installation seams in the walls are cold bridges through which heat escapes from the house, so their width should be minimal. For cinder blocks, the recommended joint width is about 10-15 mm. At smaller sizes, the masonry will have low strength.

To evenly distribute the load along the entire perimeter of the walls and increase the reliability of the masonry, its reinforcement is performed. For this, metal rods are used, which are mounted in the grooves of the blocks, or a reinforcing mesh. The first row of blocks is reinforced without fail, after which this procedure is performed every 3-4 rows.

Correctly erected cinder block walls will last for many years, reliably protecting residents from bad weather conditions and bringing warmth and comfort to the house.

DIY cinder block masonry: instructions

DIY cinder block masonry is gaining more and more popularity every year. This artificial stone is one of the cheapest building materials.

Master class on the correct laying of a cinder block

The question of how to lay a cinder block is asked when they build the walls of a garage, an outbuilding or a fence.

For the construction of residential buildings, this material is no longer used; it was replaced by foam and gas blocks.

The main advantages of the cinder block:

the composition includes ordinary sand and cement, as well as gypsum, lime and slag;
excellent strength, exemplary resistance to moisture and mechanical stress;
lightweight and easy to use;
low cost.

The only drawback is low thermal conductivity. In cold weather, a house made from cinder blocks quickly loses heat through the walls. However, the demand for this building material is not falling.

This disadvantage helps to eliminate a huge selection of heaters. So after consulting on how to lay the cinder block correctly, get down to business without undue hesitation.

It is not worth hiring a construction team, there is nothing super complicated in laying a cinder block with your own hands.

First, prepare your tools:

hacksaw or circular saw;
building level;
cord or fishing line;
hammer;
water level;
trowel;
ordering.

Preliminary work

The foundation on which the laying is carried out should be slightly wider than the width of the cinder block (at least by 4 cm).

The platform for construction is made with waterproofing, since the components of the cinder block - lime and sand, do not tolerate contact with water.

The foundation, in order to prevent the curvature of the future building, cannot be uneven.

Before starting to do it yourself, find a scaffold to stand on. They will come in handy if the calculated clutch height is higher than your chest level.

Reaching the masonry in your hands with a cinder block will become a hefty torment, because you need to take into account how much this material weighs. It is larger and heavier than a brick.

A simple ladder will not help in this case, there is no place on it to put a bucket of solution.

The consistency of the solution is of no small importance.

The correct solution is plastic, but not spreading, thick, like sour cream.

According to the rules, a solution for laying a cinder block is prepared from the same amount of sand and cement and one third of red clay. The components are thoroughly mixed with the addition of water.

How much and in what proportions to mix these 4 components is described in detail in the video.

You can prepare cinder blocks with your own hands. Two boards, two meters long, with transverse boards are connected to each other.

The extreme boards are fastened to the longitudinal ones. With the help of a chisel, a cut of 14 centimeters is formed in the longitudinal boards.

Then, cells are cut out in the prepared material, which then need to be painted with oil paint. After the actions taken, a mixture of concrete and ash is poured there.

Then, holes are cut out in the prepared material and painted with oil paint. There must be voids in the cinder block to provide additional heat.

When the mortar in the mold has hardened, you can tap it with a hammer and pull out the finished block. It is recommended to wait a day, and only then do the styling.

Corners and first row

The first blocks are placed in the corners of the building. This must be approached conscientiously and diligently: how straight the masonry will be in the corners, so even it will be on the walls.

Therefore, it is necessary to actively use the order (rectangular corner), checking each step.

On the foundation on both sides of the corner with a steel spatula (trowel), an even layer is spread with a mortar, on which two cinder blocks are placed at an angle of 90 degrees. Their upper side is again covered with a solution.

At this stage of the masonry, the level of the horizontal line is checked, and the vertical line is checked with a plumb line.

If there is distortion, it is easy to correct it with a hammer, gently tapping on the blocks from the right side. The same method must be used when laying the rest of the corners.

Then, a nail is driven into the joints between all the lower and upper blocks to pull thick fishing line over them.

Along this conditional line, they continue to lay the first row of cinder block, not forgetting to apply the building level.

If suddenly the last element of the perimeter masonry does not fit into its place due to its larger size, then it can be reduced with an ordinary hacksaw. Cinder blocks are sawn without problems.

You only need to adjust the block size with a saw in a respirator and goggles - a lot of dust and grains of slag flies during sawing.

Second and subsequent rows

A solution is poured onto all the seams of the masonry, removing the excess with a spatula. Then other rows are laid. The cinder block is not laid according to the principle of brickwork, erecting one wall, and then another.

It is placed along the perimeter of the building.

The new row also begins to be laid from the corner. A second cinder block is placed on the block in the bottom row, and a third block is placed on it, closing the seams. The entire second row is placed with cinder blocks, following the example of the first.

At the same time, they periodically look at the correctness of laying in a horizontal and vertical position.

The trimmed parts should be in the masonry as far apart as possible, for example, in opposite corners.

The masonry condition of the two starting rows is very important. Therefore, it is not worth starting construction in a hurry. Subsequently, the progress of the construction will accelerate.

If you have practical baggage behind you, then you can check the horizontal lines after 3-6 blocks, vertical lines - after 4 rows made.

The edges between the cinder blocks should be kept in the size of one or one and a half cm. If you make the seams very narrow, then the masonry will be less reliable, huge seams will lead to heat leakage from the house.

It is not advised to apply the solution to the voids inside the blocks.

The opinion that this will add strength is erroneous. Rather, it will violate the thermal insulation properties of the wall and increase the consumption of mortar components.

Styling technologies

Cinder block laying is usually done in one of two ways.

Method number 1 - spoon, that is, in half a stone. It is most common.

Method number 2 - bonding, otherwise, in one stone. The technology of laying in 2 or one and a half stones is possible only when building houses for permanent residence, where the walls are 75-80 centimeters thick.

This construction technology coincides with the brick laying method.

It makes no sense to cover cinder block walls with plaster, it will not adhere, since the material has poor adhesion.

It is strongly advised to decorate each wall of a cinder block structure with decorative stone.

If you plan to build a cinder block structure, do not lose sight of the fact that harmful volatile compounds may be contained in the cinder block.

Therefore, you can leave it for a while in an open place or in a ventilated building.

If the laying of the cinder block is done according to all the rules, then taking into account the special nuances, then you will build an impeccable cinder block room with your own hands.

Excess cinder block, as a rule, is left on the porch or on the foundation.

It is appropriate to make a porch from a cinder block if there is a significant difference between the level of the yard and the house.

The cinder block foundation is laid only where there is dry soil, for a house with a small load.

Groundwater should flow below the frozen soil layer.

You also need to take into account how many floors there will be in the building. If there is more than one, it is better to change your mind and build a concrete base.

Do not ignore the fact that the cinder block has pores, which is why it must be well insulated and revetted.

The question of how to lay a cinder block is asked when they build the walls of a garage, an outbuilding or a fence. This material is no longer used for residential buildings.

It is always helpful for homeowners to have some building skills. This not only simplifies the arrangement and housekeeping, but also significantly saves the family budget. When the need arises for the construction of utility rooms, the ability to correctly lay the cinder block with your own hands will come in handy.

The material is of artificial origin and looks like a large compressed element. The binder is cement. Blast furnace slag, granite or stone screenings, coarse sand, ash, perlite, broken glass are used as fillers. To improve technical and operational parameters, plasticizers are introduced into the composition. The standard dimensions are 390 x 190 x 188 mm. Such large items are much easier to lay out than bricks. Masonry terms are shortened, and mortar is saved.

In appearance and main purpose, cinder blocks are of several types: hollow, full-bodied, semi-blocks and decorative. The latter option serves for finishing and strengthening the moisture resistance of the outer walls of the house.

Advantages:

cheapness;
wide use;
big sizes.

Flaws:

high thermal conductivity;
insufficient sound insulation;
weak frost resistance;
strong moisture absorption.

It is not recommended to make basements, wells, drainage pits from cinder blocks. It will be correct to use them for the construction of unheated premises. You can lay out a shed, garage, summer kitchen, workshop with your own hands. If you build a residential building from such material, then the walls inside and out must be seriously insulated and veneered.

Step-by-step instructions for laying blocks

Considering the scheme for the construction of walls, we will assume that the foundation for them is already ready and insulated. The main thing is that the base is the same (or slightly larger) width as the cinder blocks. There should be no bumps or dimples on the surface.

1. Preparation.

The set of tools includes:

water level;
plumb line (line or twine);
trowel;
rubber hammer (mallet);
ordering;
hand-held circular saw or hacksaw;
respirator (be sure to wear when cutting blocks).

Lay 4 elements at the vertices of the corners, achieving a correct rectangle, fix the rows with marks. It will be easier to lay blocks along them, focusing on their thickness and width of the seams. Pull a cord between the rows, along which it is convenient to adjust the styling. Prepare the grout in a concrete mixer.

2. First row.

The evenness of the walls and the durability of the entire structure depend on how correctly the initial layer is laid out.

Apply a layer of grout and spread it evenly over the surface of the foundation.
Take one block in the middle with your left hand and bring it to the masonry site at an angle of 45 °. Then unfold it parallel to the wall and lay it down.
Fit the stone under the stretched cord by tapping lightly with a hammer.
Remove excess composition from the cracks, which was squeezed out under the weight of the stone.
Install the second and third stone in the same way.
Check the evenness of the row using a plumb line and a hydro level.
Continue to lay the bricks to the end, periodically checking their position.

3. Subsequent rows.

The installation of the second and all even layers should be started from half of the block in order to shift the row. Otherwise, they operate according to the same technology as for the first layer: applying mortar, placing a stone, aligning along a cord, removing excess.

The nuances of masonry work

We need cement of the M400 or M500 brand. Any sand is suitable, but it is better that it be gray (river). The addition of plasticizers gives elasticity, reduces porosity and facilitates application. To save money, a special substance can be replaced with red clay or wood ash (a third of a bucket for 4 buckets of mixture), as well as a household detergent.

2. How to prepare your own masonry composition?

Pour a dry mixture of cement and sand into the drum of a concrete mixer, maintaining a ratio of 1: 3. Switch on the unit and, adding water in small portions, knead the medium viscosity solution. Add the plasticizer at the very end.

3. How to determine the volume of one batch?

When preparing DSP, adhere to this rule: knead enough to last for an hour and a half work. It takes a bucket of mixture to install four blocks. The unused composition quickly hardens and becomes unusable in the future.

4. What is the optimum seam thickness?

Cement joints must reliably hold the masonry, therefore it is very important to carefully seal all the cracks, maintaining a thickness of 10-15 mm. The wet solution that is released after leveling is removed and placed between the stones. According to the instructions, it is not recommended to smear it on the surface of the cinder block, filling in irregularities - this worsens the insulating qualities of the material.

5. Where to start installation?

Determine the method and thickness of the masonry. Depending on the purpose of the building and climatic conditions, it can be placed in one, one and a half or two stones. For internal partitions, a spoon method of erection is usually used - in half a cinder block.

6. What is jointing?

If the walls are not supposed to be lined, then the seams need to be "embroidered". To do this, use a special knife in the form of a curved hollow tube with an oblique cut. Its diameter should be equal to the width of the seam. Use a tool to draw on all inter-block connections, applying light pressure. The result is a beautiful and even jointing.

7. What is reinforcement used for?

To strengthen the walls, reduce the load and prevent cracking, reinforcement should be placed between the cinder blocks. This rule is mandatory for the first and every fourth row of the wall.

The following materials are used for work:

Metal mesh with a mesh size of 50 × 50 mm - to prevent rusting, it is covered with a masonry compound.
Steel rods - placed in the grooves between the blocks and protect the DSP from above.
Reinforcing frame - made of galvanized steel strips, connecting them together with wire. Fixed in the wall with mortar or glue.

According to the instructions, window and door openings are also subject to mandatory reinforcement.

Before starting, you should think about how to carry out the work yourself at height. An ordinary ladder or stepladder is not well suited for this purpose. It is best to use a scaffold or a special platform with height adjustment. Accessories and a bucket of solution fit well on it.
Hollow cinder block masonry is always made with holes down.
In the process of working on the wall, you have to repeatedly put marks. It is convenient to do this with the help of colored crayons, which are clearly visible on the cinder blocks.
If necessary, you can change the color of the seam joints: add soot, lime or copper sulfate. The seams will turn black, white, or bluish.

Cinder block is an excellent material that is successfully used in construction, with many advantages, thanks to which its popularity becomes more and more every year. The main and most significant advantage is that the cinder block can be laid on its own, without the help of specialists.

Cinder blocks are the cheapest and most affordable building material that is not inferior in strength to bricks, if the manufacturer followed all the technological processes during production.

Where to begin

Before starting work, you need to have a clear idea of what kind of material it is, what properties it has, how to lay it correctly, what scheme is used for this, and much more, which will allow you to do everything at a high level of quality.

The production of cinder block occurs by vibrocompression and pouring concrete mixture into molds.

Blast furnace slag is a good raw material for the production of various insulating and building materials, including cement.

Another advantage of this building material is the ability to use a wide variety of available components for its production: cement, sand, gypsum, lime, blast-furnace slags. For work, the following tools and accessories should be prepared:

hand saw or circular saw;
a respirator for use when cutting a cinder block;
hydro level;
building level;
mallet or hammer;
plumb line;
mallet or hammer;
ordering.

If the foundation of the future house is already ready, then they begin to lay the cinder blocks by setting the corners, which should form a regular rectangle. To do this, 4 cinder blocks are laid on the tops of the corners, which are leveled with the help of a building level. Next, they pull the fishing line or cord along which the laying will be carried out. After that, a solution is applied to the foundation, and the first row of cinder blocks begins to be laid. During work, it is important to remember that every subsequent second and third rows of cinder block masonry are considered the most important. Therefore, experts recommend controlling the masonry with a plumb line and level as often as possible, so that the wall being erected is perfectly flat. Otherwise, a situation may arise when the work will need to be redone. And this, in turn, is additional material and physical costs.

Construction process

To carry out the laying of cinder blocks, the following methods can be used:

bonding method - masonry is carried out in one stone;
in half a stone - for this, the cinder block is cut off either with a circular saw or with a hacksaw;
in two stones;
one and a half stones.

Due to the peculiarities of the cinder block, the solution must be applied 1.5 cm thick.

In the process of laying cinder blocks, the solution must be applied 1.5 cm thick. If the layer is thicker, then the thermal insulation properties of the future wall will be significantly reduced. This is due to the peculiarities of the cinder block, inside of which there are voids that form an air cushion that retains heat. For the same reason, voids in the process of work should not be sealed with cement mortar. Laying the cinder block is necessary as follows. They take it by the middle with their left hand, bring it to the wall at an angle of 45 0 and, turning it parallel to it, press it tightly against the neighboring block, tap it with a trowel handle or a hammer. With the help of a trowel, the excess solution is removed. As soon as the laying of cinder blocks is completed, the resulting wall must be covered with fine slag and compacted.

In order for the work on laying cinder blocks to be carried out correctly, the following instructions from specialists must be taken into account:

Before starting work on the construction of a house from cinder blocks, it is necessary to build a special platform and scaffolding so that in the future it will be convenient to lay the upper rows of cinder blocks. It is not necessary to use a stepladder for these purposes, since it will not be possible to place tools and materials.
In order to put different marks on the blocks, use colored chalk.
To achieve a good viscosity of the solution, red clay or ash is added to it. For 4 buckets of solution, 1/3 of a bucket of components is taken.

Material characteristics

The scope of cinder blocks is quite wide, but the main one is their use for the construction of a cottage, country or country house. This is due to the fact that the speed of erection of a structure from cinder blocks increases several times, and their cost, at the same time, remains low. Quite often, garages are built from cinder blocks, extensions are made, fences and partitions are erected. In any case, it must be remembered that for whatever purpose the cinder blocks are used, a prerequisite is to carry out high-quality waterproofing in order to exclude direct exposure to moisture. For each option of work in construction there is a kind of instruction, it is impossible to consider everything.

Cinder block is one of the most affordable building materials. It is famous not only for its cheapness, but also for the fact that this material can be made independently. In this case, you can save even more.

If you build from blocks with your own hands, then the costs will be minimal. Moreover, it is not difficult to do it at all. It doesn't matter what type of building is planned - a house, an outbuilding, a bathhouse, a garage. If you learn how to properly lay cinder blocks and approach this process responsibly, then the future building can stand for more than a dozen years.

There are several types of cinder block:

Usually, a hollow block is used for walls. In this case, the load on the foundation will be less. The weight of one hollow block can reach 23 kg, and a solid block - 28 kg... Therefore, the latter is not used in the construction of walls. A solid block is used when building a foundation (but not in the case of building a building from cinder blocks), when constructing basements, supporting structures and columns.

There are also several types of masonry:

in one stone;
one and a half stones;
into the floor of the stone (spoon method);
in two stones.

The method should be chosen based on the type of future construction. But you need to remember that the thicker the wall, the warmer the building... If you plan to build a small outbuilding, for example, a barn, then in this case you can apply the half-stone method. For this, half-blocks are just suitable.

Masonry mortar has different proportions. Usually, they proceed from what type of building is planned to be erected. You can buy a ready-made dry solution in the store, in which you just need to add water and stir. But in this case, the price for masonry increases.

Therefore, more often the solution is prepared independently. The simplest and most standard mortar for laying cinder block is prepared in the following proportions:

It should be noted that water must be added so that the solution is viscous and does not spread much when laying the cinder block. Also a plasticizer can be added to the solution... It increases frost resistance, reduces porosity and increases the density of the solution.

After adding a plasticizer, the solution will have the following properties:

stickiness;
plastic;
uniformity;
frost resistance;
self-sealing;
strength;
moisture resistance.

When preparing the solution, it is also necessary to take into account the weight of the future structure. The mortar must withstand all loads. It is necessary to mix the mixture in a concrete mixer, which will ensure greater homogeneity and quality of the solution.

You need to know how to lay the block on the foundation. After all, this is the very initial stage of work.

Usually the foundation for a cinder block building is made monolithic. As a result, it should turn out like this, so that the foundation rises above the ground level by about 0.7 meters.

The thickness of the foundation should be equal to the thickness of one cinder block or slightly more. Before laying the cinder block the foundation must be waterproofed from the wall, after which you can proceed to the masonry process. But you need to understand that the foundation must be even for the successful laying of the first row of blocks, otherwise the entire construction process will be spent in vain.

For correct laying you need to acquire the following tools:

construction trowel;
building level;
cord for aligning rows. You can use regular clothesline or fishing line;
hammer;
plumb line;
ordering;
masonry template;
circular saw or hacksaw.

DIY cinder block laying, step by step instructions

In principle, the process of laying blocks is similar to brickwork, with the exception that the block is larger than the brick in size, so the laying is carried out several times faster.

How to lay blocks by yourself, step by step instructions:

the mixture is prepared in a concrete mixer;
the mortar is placed on the foundation, while the thickness of the mortar should not exceed 1.5 cm, otherwise the thermal insulation of the masonry will be disturbed;
the mixture is leveled and, along a pre-stretched cord, a cinder block is laid;
level the cinder block by tapping the back of the trowel into the required place of the cinder block;
immediately remove the excess solution from the cracks, which was squeezed out under the weight of the cinder block;
when laying the next row, the floor of the block is laid in the corners. To get it, you can cut a whole cinder block in half using a grinder or a hacksaw.

After the row has been laid, it must be carefully leveled again using a lace and a building level. Subsequent rows are stacked in exactly the same way as the first.

You can see that the process of laying blocks practically does not differ from masonry of foam blocks, which can also be done by hand. The masonry is the same due to the fact that both materials have practically the same dimensions.

In order to increase the strength of the walls, distribute the load and reduce the risk of cracking, reinforcement is used.

The following materials can be used for reinforcement:

reinforcing mesh (reinforcement mesh) for masonry. Usually this is a mesh, with a cell of 50 × 50 mm. They put it between the rows;
reinforcement or reinforcement cage.

Be sure to reinforce the first row of masonry. Also, every fourth row of the wall is reinforced. In addition, door and window openings are reinforced without fail.

Professionals usually lay down the cinder block without any tools. But if the laying is done by a beginner, you must have on hand a template for laying cinder blocks, which you can do with your own hands. Such a template can be made from available tools, for example, from wooden planks.

The size of the template is calculated based on the dimensions of the cinder block. After all, the sizes of one cinder block can vary, especially if the material was made at home. Template height should be 1-1.5 cm based on seam thickness.

Before laying walls from cinder blocks, you need to find out the price for the work. Builders usually charge 20 rubles for laying one cinder block... Based on this, you can find out how much the construction of the required building will cost, knowing its dimensions. Of course, it is better to lay cinder blocks yourself, and you can save a lot. In this case, the costs will only be for the material itself.

Price for 1 piece of cinder block:

To determine how much material will be spent on construction, you need to know the dimensions of the future building, as well as the dimensions of the cinder block itself, which are 390x190x188 mm. It can be seen that the dimensions are quite large, so the construction speed increases several times compared to ordinary bricks.

The evenness of the masonry along the cord and at the building level should be checked as often as possible in order to avoid the curvature of the walls and rows in the future.

If the walls are not planned to be finished with anything in the future, then the seams between the rows should have an attractive appearance. To do this, you can use a small rounded stick, which you need press the seams a little after each row laid, while the mortar has not yet hardened.

When marking blocks, it is necessary use crayons... They are best seen on cinder blocks, compared to, for example, a regular pencil.

To increase plasticity a little detergent can be added to the solution.

It is necessary to mix exactly the amount of solution that will be consumed at a time. Otherwise, the unused mortar may harden and be unsuitable for construction.

It is advisable to plaster the outer walls, because cinder block is afraid of moisture... In this case, the plaster will protect the material. But since the plaster is poorly applied to the cinder block and can fall off over time, it is necessary to use a reinforcement mesh. Internal walls can be sheathed with plasterboard.

If you know how to properly lay cinder blocks with your own hands, then you can save a lot during the construction process. After all, the services of professional builders are not cheap, and it is not difficult to do the masonry with your own hands.

If you approach the masonry process responsibly, you can avoid many problems in the future. A building can stand up to a hundred years if the correct construction technology was followed.

You can see how to earn time on laying cinder block walls with your own hands in the video:

Building materials and products - Isaak Nanazashvili - 200 rubles - link to the book review

Construction Technologist's Handbook - Gennady Badin - 239 rubles - link to book review

Modern works on the construction of walls and partitions - Galina Serikova - 45 rubles - link to book review

We make estimates for construction and repair - Vadim Ponomarenko - 352 rubles - link to the book review

Concrete and concrete structures - Anatoly Zotkin - 205 rubles - link to book review

One of the most popular building materials is cinder block. It is inexpensive and can be used to build houses, garages, sheds and other structures.

It is not difficult to work with it, and all work can be carried out by the developer independently. However, there are some nuances that must be met in order to get an excellent result. Therefore, the question of how to lay the cinder block correctly worries many developers.

If a heavy cinder block can be used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, then a light one is not recommended. This is due to the fact that the material cannot withstand heavy loads.

33 If you know how to properly lay cinder blocks with your own hands, you can save a lot during the construction process. After all, the services of professional builders are not cheap, and it is not difficult to do the masonry with your own hands. If you approach the masonry process responsibly, you can avoid many problems in the future. A building can stand up to a hundred years if the correct construction technology was followed. You can see how to earn time on laying cinder block walls with your own hands in the video:

Figure 1. Cinder block allows you to reduce the time to build a house.

Preparatory activities

Cinder block is an ideal building material. Compared to conventional bricks, its use can reduce the construction time of a building several times. In addition, laying a cinder block with your own hands makes it possible to significantly save money.

The material is used for the construction of various structures (Fig. 1). But in any case, it must be remembered that walls made of cinder blocks will retain heat well and not allow moisture to pass through only with properly equipped thermal insulation.

Before starting construction, you need to decide how the masonry will go.

For the construction of walls from a cinder block, you can use several methods: in 0.5 blocks, in 1 block, in 1.5 or 2 stones. Masonry using half of the stone will not be difficult, since the cinder block can be easily sawed. A hacksaw or circular saw is perfect for this.

Layout of cinder block masonry.

Before you start laying cinder block walls, you need to prepare tools and personal protective equipment. You will need:

respirator and construction gloves; circular saw or hacksaw; construction and hydro level; plumb line; cord; hammer; trowel; ordering; sand, cement; container for mixing the solution.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare scaffolding that will be used for laying the upper rows of cinder block walls. In this case, the stepladder will not provide sufficient safety for work and the convenience of placing the tool.

In order for the solution to have sufficient viscosity and not "float", it must be diluted with ash or red clay in a ratio of 1/3 of the capacity of fillers for 4 containers of the solution. During the construction of walls from cinder block, it may be necessary to put different marks. For these purposes, it is best to stock up on crayons of different colors.

Back to the table of contents

Figure 2.

Scheme of a wall from cinder blocks.Before erecting walls from cinder blocks, it is necessary to fill the foundation and complete all construction activities, including the arrangement of waterproofing. The width of the foundation should be the same as the cinder block itself (or slightly wider). The surface must be carefully leveled, there should be no defects on it. It is necessary to start laying out the walls from cinder blocks by setting the corners. In this case, it is necessary to strive to expose the correct rectangle with even corners.

4 cinder blocks are placed at the top of each corner. A cord is pulled between them, along which the subsequent laying will be carried out. A mortar is applied to the surface of the foundation and the laying of the initial rows can be started. The layer of mortar for erecting walls from a cinder block should not be thicker than 10-15 mm. If you increase the thickness of the layer, then the thermal insulation characteristics of future walls will decrease.

This is due to the internal structure of the blocks, which have small voids inside that create an air cushion that is responsible for keeping warm. To preserve these qualities of the material during the construction of cinder block walls, you should not seal these voids with cement. This will only be an unnecessary additional consumption of mortar.In the walls of cinder blocks, the first and the next 2-3 rows are most important (Fig.

2). The masonry must be constantly monitored with a level and a plumb line in order to achieve the most even walls. Before laying the cinder block, you need to firmly remember that you must take each block in the middle and bring it to the wall at an angle of 45 °. Then turn it parallel to the wall and place it on the prepared place, pressing firmly against the previously installed block. Be sure to tap it with a hammer. Excess solution should be immediately removed with a trowel; it is not worth spreading it over the surface.

All other blocks are laid in this sequence.In order for the masonry to be held securely, one should not make too large seams. Masters advise to leave no more than 10-15 mm. After the walls have been laid, they must be covered with slag and tamped. If the walls in the finished building are planned to be left in their "original" form without further finishing, then the seams must be embroidered (Fig.

3). For these works, it is necessary to prepare a piece of a hollow tube, the diameter of which corresponds to the width of the future seam.At one end of the tube, an oblique cut must be made, which must be cut through the cement between the blocks. The result is a beautiful seam.

If a subsequent cladding is planned, then it is not necessary to join the seams. Construction of a house from cinder blocks The construction of buildings is being improved every year. If earlier preference was given only to bricks or shell rock, then at the moment cinder blocks are very popular. Cinder block masonry does not differ from brick technology.

Where are cinder blocks used in construction

Cinder block wall masonry can be performed:

In the construction of residential buildings. In the construction of garages. In the construction of any auxiliary premises.

It can be concluded that the cinder block is a versatile building material that can be used for any construction of a structure with any functionality.

What the cinder block consists of

What is a cinder block? It is a building stone, which is presented in the form of large bricks.

It consists of several elements:

Crushed stone Pebbles Sand Cement Water Fillers and binders

There are two types of cinder block:

The material described above is the composition of a heavy cinder block. In the manufacture of lightweight material, it is used instead of gravel and crushed stone:

Sawdust, shaving, expanded clay, needles and much more.

If a heavy cinder block can be used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, then a light one is not recommended. This is due to the fact that the material cannot withstand heavy loads.

It is worth considering that the consumption of cinder block during laying depends on the structure and size of the material. All these parameters depend on the type of raw material from which the cinder block is made.

Types and properties of cinder block

Types of cinder block

Cinder block masonry is performed:

Hollow blocks.

The cinder block has a porous structure.

If the fence is being laid from a cinder block, then it is necessary to finish such a structure using plaster or any other means. On the front side of the wall, cladding will also need to be made from this material.

Due to its porous structure, it is not recommended to leave the cinder block in an unprotected state. The pores can absorb moisture and, after finishing, begin to give it away. As a result, mold and other fungal diseases can appear on the walls.

Solid cinder blocks:

They have an integral structure that does not have holes and cavities. They are practical and durable. The strength of such a material is provided by the structure. They do not react to high and low temperatures. They are able to withstand heavy loads. They do not react to deformation to sunlight and various weather conditions.

This type of cinder block also requires exterior and interior decoration.

Hollow cinder blocks:

They have a density of 70-72%. Everything else is occupied by the cavities that are inside the block. The price for this type of cinder block is several times lower than for solid material. This is the reason for the high popularity of the material. From it, utility buildings and structures are built quite well. They are provide sufficient heat and sound insulation. The blocks are also practical and durable. 70% of the cinder block is laid in the same way as a solid brick.

It is not recommended to erect the walls of a multi-storey building from a hollow cinder block.

Properties of cinder blocks of any type:

Frost resistance and fire resistance. Does not have the ability to react with deformation to various temperature changes and climatic conditions. The material saves on mortar, since the material itself has a good bond with any fastening agent.

In addition to the above properties and advantages of the cinder block, there are a number of its disadvantages:

It is impossible to save on the cladding of the building, since the material has a porous structure. It has a high thermal conductivity, which will negatively affect the temperature regime in the room. The sound insulation of the cinder block is not at a high level and for this reason it will be necessary to make additional insulation of the structure. The laying of cinder blocks is characterized by a rather difficult laying. any communications in the walls. There is no way to accurately determine the environmental friendliness of raw materials for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

All manufacturers of such material try to use only certified ingredients for the material.

Special additives play an important role in environmental friendliness. Some manufacturers use synthetic substances to bind the solution. High moisture susceptibility indicator.

The cinder block has a standard size of 390x190x190 mm. Quite large parameters help to save on calculations of material for building a house. For the same reason, cinder block laying is done quite quickly and easily.

Preparation for laying cinder block

Cinder block masonry.

Do-it-yourself cinder block laying requires certain preparatory work:

Construction of the base in accordance with the size and design of the house. Insulation of the foundation, since the cinder block is quite susceptible to moisture. Calculation of the required amount of material for masonry. Finishing (internal and external).

Works are performed on any basis. If it is monolithic, then additional strapping will not be required. If the foundation is columnar or pile, then it is recommended to perform a wooden strapping using a monolithic fill. The foundation is insulated using: roll bitumen or any other modern insulating sheet material. Reinforcement mesh with small cells must be applied on top of it, which will ensure the strength of the base and increase the resistance the mass of the cinder block.

The surface of the foundation for laying the cinder block must be perfectly flat.

This is due to the fact that the structure of the cinder block is rather fragile. It can deform even under its own weight. This will have a detrimental effect on the walls made of cinder blocks, which will begin to collapse.

The technology of laying cinder block walls can be different. It all depends on what type of material is used in construction.

Before you start laying the cinder block, you need to prepare a solution for this.

The preparation of the solution is done by hand, for this you will need:

Portland cement. Water. River purified sand.

All these ingredients are mixed according to a specific technology. Their number depends on the type of material and on its masonry.

It is best to mix the mortar in a concrete mixer, since only in it it will turn out to be homogeneous. You can add various substances to it to increase moisture resistance and strength.

Types of cinder block masonry

Cinder block masonry

How to lay cinder block masonry? There are several ways to do this:

Laying in half a block. In one block. In one and a half blocks. In two blocks.

It is worth considering that the consumption of cement for cinder block masonry depends on its type. The most expensive is two-block masonry. It takes the largest amount of solution.

In half of the block, cinder concrete is laid for interior partitions or for the construction of country houses. In one and a half blocks, material is laid when carrying out the load-bearing walls of the structure. In two blocks, cinder concrete is laid for the construction of two-story and three-story buildings. In the process of work, for the construction of interior partitions, masonry is used in one and a half blocks.

Hollow cinder block masonry does not differ in its technology from full-bodied masonry. All work must be done in the same way.

Execution of cinder block masonry

Laying instructions

The cinder block masonry technology implies initially making markings on the basis of future door and window openings.

Consider:

After marking, the future corners of the structure are aligned using a plumb line or a building level. Thanks to such tools, the lighthouse blocks are exposed at an angle of 90 degrees. It is from these exposed blocks that the level and plane of the masonry depends. After that, all exposed corner blocks are fixed with concrete mortar. Its thickness between the blocks should not exceed 15-20 mm. The best option would be in 15 mm.

For a smoother laying of the material, not only the building level or plumb line is used.

You can use a mooring cord. It is mounted on the already exposed and fixed lighthouse blocks using a cord and nails.

The laying of each next block is carried out exactly along the cord. The time period for laying the next block should not exceed ¼ hours. It is necessary to apply the solution in the process not only on the lower side of the cinder block, but also on its sides. Thus, a bunch of each element of the masonry is provided.

If, as a result of work during the masonry process, there is excess mortar on the surface, then it must be collected. A special tool (trowel) is used for this. The mortar can then be used again.

It is not enough to just lay the cinder block on the mortar. It must be tapped with a trowel.

Shown in the video is the laying of cinder blocks using such tools.

Pros and cons of cinder concrete Installation technology step by step Features of masonry

Characteristic features of cinder blocks

The material is of artificial origin and looks like a large compressed element.

The binder is cement. Blast furnace slag, granite or stone screenings, coarse sand, ash, perlite, broken glass are used as fillers. To improve technical and operational parameters, plasticizers are introduced into the composition.

The standard dimensions are 390 x 190 x 188 mm. Such large items are much easier to lay out than bricks. Masonry terms are shortened, and mortar is saved.

Advantages:

cheapness; widespread; large sizes.

Flaws:

high thermal conductivity; insufficient noise insulation; weak frost resistance; strong moisture absorption.

It will be correct to use them for the construction of unheated premises. You can lay out a shed, garage, summer kitchen, workshop with your own hands. If you build a residential building from such material, then the walls inside and out must be seriously insulated and veneered.

Step-by-step instructions for laying blocks

1. Preparation.

The set of tools includes:

water level; plumb line (line or twine); trowel; rubber hammer (mallet); ordering; hand-held circular saw or hacksaw; respirator (must be worn when cutting blocks).

Lay 4 elements at the vertices of the corners, achieving a correct rectangle, fix the rows with marks.

It will be easier to lay blocks along them, focusing on their thickness and width of the seams. Pull a cord between the rows, along which it is convenient to adjust the styling. Prepare the grout in a concrete mixer.

First row. The evenness of the walls and the durability of the entire structure depend on how correctly the initial layer is laid. Apply a layer of cement mortar and evenly distribute it over the surface of the foundation. Take one block with your left hand in the middle and bring it to the place of masonry at an angle of 45 °. Then unfold it parallel to the wall and lay it. Fit the stone under the stretched cord, lightly tapping with a hammer. Remove the excess composition from the cracks, which was squeezed out under the weight of the stone. Install the second and third stones in the same way. Check the evenness of the row using a plumb bob and a hydro level. Continue to lay the bricks to the end, periodically checking their position. 3. Subsequent rows.Installation of the second and all even layers, start from half of the block in order to shift the row. Otherwise, they operate according to the same technology as for the first layer: applying mortar, placing a stone, aligning along a cord, removing excess.

Raw materials. You need cement of the M400 or M500 brand. Any sand is suitable, but it is better that it be gray (river). The addition of plasticizers gives elasticity, reduces porosity and facilitates application. To save money, a special substance can be replaced with red clay or wood ash (a third of a bucket for 4 buckets of mixture), as well as a household detergent. 2. How to prepare a masonry composition on your own? Pour a dry mixture of cement and sand into the drum of a concrete mixer, maintaining a ratio of 1: 3.

Switch on the unit and, adding water in small portions, knead the medium viscosity solution. Add the plasticizer at the very end. 3. How to determine the volume of one batch? When preparing DSP, adhere to this rule: knead enough for an hour and a half to work. It takes a bucket of mixture to install four blocks.

The unused composition hardens quickly and becomes unusable in the future. 4. What is the optimal thickness of the joints? Cement joints must hold the masonry securely, therefore it is very important to carefully seal all the gaps, maintaining a thickness of 10-15 mm. The wet solution that is released after leveling is removed and placed between the stones. According to the instructions, it is not recommended to smear it on the surface of the cinder block, filling in irregularities - this worsens the insulating qualities of the material.

Where to start installation? Determine the method and thickness of the masonry. Depending on the purpose of the building and climatic conditions, it can be placed in one, one and a half or two stones. For internal partitions, a spoon method of erection is usually used - in half a cinder block. 6. What is jointing? If the walls are not supposed to be revetted, then the seams must be “expanded”.

To do this, use a special knife in the form of a curved hollow tube with an oblique cut; its diameter should be equal to the width of the seam. Use a tool to draw on all inter-block connections, applying light pressure. The result is a beautiful and even jointing. 7. Reinforcement is used to strengthen the walls, reduce the load and prevent cracking, reinforcement should be placed between the cinder blocks.

This rule is mandatory for the first and every fourth row of the wall. The following materials are used for work: Metal mesh with a mesh size of 50 × 50 mm - to prevent rusting, it is covered with a masonry compound. Steel rods are placed in the grooves between the blocks and protect the DSP from above . Reinforcing frame - made of galvanized steel strips, connecting them together with wire. Fix in the wall with mortar or glue. According to the instructions, window and door openings are also subject to mandatory reinforcement. Recommendations Before starting, you should think about how to carry out work yourself at a height. An ordinary ladder or stepladder is not well suited for this purpose.

It is best to use a scaffold or a special platform with height adjustment. It fits well accessories and a bucket of mortar. Hollow cinder block is always laid with holes down. During the work, you have to repeatedly mark on the wall. It is convenient to do this with colored crayons, which are clearly visible on the cinder blocks. If necessary, you can change the color of the seam joints: add soot, lime or copper sulfate. The seams will turn black, white, or bluish.

Cinder block is one of the most affordable building materials. It is famous not only for its cheapness, but also for the fact that this material can be made independently. In this case, you can save even more.

How to lay the cinder block?

If you build from blocks with your own hands, then the costs will be minimal.

Moreover, it is not difficult to do it at all. It doesn't matter what type of building is planned - a house, an outbuilding, a bathhouse, a garage. If you learn how to properly lay cinder blocks and approach this process responsibly, then the future building can stand for more than a dozen years.

Types of masonry

There are several types of cinder block:

hollow; corpulent; semi-block; decorative.

Decorative cinder block is used to increase the moisture resistance of the outer side of the wall

Usually, a hollow block is used for walls. In this case, the load on the foundation will be less.

The weight of one hollow block can reach 23 kg, and a full-bodied block - 28 kg. Therefore, the latter is not used in the construction of walls. A solid block is used when building a foundation (but not in the case of building a building from cinder blocks), when constructing basements, supporting structures and columns.

There are also several types of masonry:

in one stone; in one and a half stones; in the floor of a stone (spoon method); in two stones.

The method should be chosen based on the type of future construction.

But you need to remember that the thicker the wall is, the warmer the building will be. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, for example, a barn, then in this case you can apply the half-stone method. For this, half-blocks are just suitable.

Mortar for laying cinder blocks

Masonry mortar has different proportions.

Usually, they proceed from what type of building is planned to be erected. You can buy a ready-made dry solution in the store, in which you just need to add water and stir. But in this case, the price for masonry increases.

Therefore, more often the solution is prepared independently. The simplest and most standard mortar for laying cinder block is prepared in the following proportions:

3 parts sand; 1 part dry cement; water.

It should be noted that water must be added so that the solution is viscous and does not spread much when laying the cinder block. You can also add a plasticizer to the solution. It increases frost resistance, reduces porosity and increases the density of the solution.

After adding a plasticizer, the solution will have the following properties:

adhesiveness; plasticity; uniformity; frost resistance; self-sealing; strength; moisture resistance.

Home craftsmen use, for example, a cheap shampoo instead of a purchased plasticizer. But such experiments are the developer's personal risk.

Foundation for laying cinder blocks

You need to know how to lay the block on the foundation. After all, this is the very initial stage of work.

Usually the foundation for a cinder block building is made monolithic. As a result, it should turn out so that the foundation rises above the ground level by about 0.7 meters.

The thickness of the foundation should be equal to the thickness of one cinder block or slightly more. Before laying the cinder block, the foundation must be waterproofed from the wall, after which you can proceed to the masonry process. But you need to understand that the foundation must be even for the successful laying of the first row of blocks, otherwise the entire construction process will be spent in vain.

Required tools

For proper laying, you need to acquire the following tools:

construction trowel; construction level; cord for aligning rows. You can use regular clothesline or fishing line; hammer; plumb line; ordering; masonry template; circular saw or hacksaw.

DIY cinder block laying, step by step instructions

In principle, the process of laying blocks is similar to brickwork, with the exception that the block is larger than the brick in size, so the laying is carried out several times faster.

The laying of the first row of cinder blocks must be taken especially seriously, since it sets the evenness of the entire wall

How to put blocks on your own, step by step instructions:

the mixture is prepared in a concrete mixer; the mortar is placed on the foundation, while the thickness of the mortar should not exceed 1.5 cm, otherwise the thermal insulation of the masonry will be disturbed; the mixture is leveled and, along a pre-stretched cord, the cinder block is laid; the cinder block is leveled by tapping the back of the trowel into the required the place of the cinder block; immediately remove the excess solution from the cracks, which was squeezed out under the weight of the cinder block; when laying the next row, the floor of the block is placed in the corners. To get it, you can cut a whole cinder block in half using a grinder or a hacksaw.

After the row has been laid, it must be carefully leveled again using a lace and a building level. Subsequent rows are stacked in exactly the same way as the first.

You can see that the process of laying blocks is practically no different from laying foam blocks, which can also be done by hand. The masonry is the same due to the fact that both materials have practically the same dimensions.

Wall reinforcement

In order to increase the strength of the walls, distribute the load and reduce the risk of cracking, reinforcement is used.

The following materials can be used for reinforcement:

reinforcing mesh (reinforcement mesh) for masonry. Usually this is a mesh, with a cell of 50 × 50 mm. It is placed between the rows; reinforcement or reinforcement cage.

Be sure to reinforce the first row of masonry. Also, every fourth row of the wall is reinforced. In addition, door and window openings are reinforced without fail.

Template for laying cinder blocks

Professionals usually lay down the cinder block without any tools. But if a beginner makes the laying, you need to have a template for laying cinder blocks at hand, which you can do yourself. Such a template can be made from available tools, for example, from wooden planks.

The size of the template is calculated based on the dimensions of the cinder block. After all, the sizes of one cinder block can vary, especially if the material was made at home. The height of the template should be 1-1.5 cm, based on the thickness of the seam.

Price category

The construction site is a place of increased danger. Therefore, it is necessary to observe safety precautions and work with gloves and a helmet.

Before laying walls from cinder blocks, you need to find out the price for the work. Builders usually charge 20 rubles for laying one cinder block.

Based on this, you can find out how much the construction of the required building will cost, knowing its dimensions. Of course, it is better to lay cinder blocks yourself, and you can save a lot. In this case, the costs will only be for the material itself.

Price for 1 piece of cinder block:

Type of cinder block Price per piece Full-bodied36-42 rubles Hollow22-30 rubles Semi-block22-24 rubles Decorative block60-65 rubles

The evenness of the masonry along the cord and at the building level should be checked as often as possible in order to avoid the curvature of the walls and rows in the future.

If the walls are not planned to be finished with anything in the future, then the seams between the rows should have an attractive appearance. To do this, you can use a small rounded stick, which you need to press a little in the seam after each laid row, while the solution has not yet hardened.

When marking blocks, you must use crayons. They are best seen on cinder blocks, compared to, for example, a regular pencil.

To increase plasticity, a little detergent can be added to the solution.

It is necessary to mix exactly the amount of solution that will be consumed at a time. Otherwise, the unused mortar may harden and be unsuitable for construction.

It is advisable to plaster the outer walls, because the cinder block is afraid of moisture.

In this case, the plaster will protect the material. But since the plaster is poorly applied to the cinder block and can fall off over time, it is necessary to use a reinforcement mesh. Internal walls can be sheathed with plasterboard.

Conclusion

If you approach the masonry process responsibly, you can avoid many problems in the future. A building can stand up to a hundred years if the correct construction technology was followed.

You can see how to earn time on laying cinder block walls with your own hands in the video: