Do-it-yourself mechanical press drawings. Do-it-yourself electro-hydraulic press. What do you need to make a press...
The hydraulic press has a multi-purpose purpose. This apparatus serves mainly to compress objects of high and medium density while changing their shape or displacing the liquid that is included in the composition. In addition, the equipment can also be used to carry heavy objects, but there is no need to buy a hydraulic press, because you can do it yourself with a conventional jack.
Working principle of hydraulic press
Creating a press from a jack with your own hands does not affect its quality and technical performance. Characteristics are equal to the equipment that is produced in production. hydraulic press can be used at home for many purposes. These include:
- stamping;
- forging;
- arching;
- profile extrusion;
- pressing various items.
In addition, pressing can be used to package various items made of wood, metal and plastic.
The hydraulic press is used in almost any industry, but it also finds its application in everyday life. The advantage of such equipment is in the law of hydrostatics, which, in turn, facilitates the pressing of objects with any density. The principle of operation is that the hydraulic press presses at one specific point and thereby increases efficiency, elsewhere on the subject. Thus, it is possible to perform a variety of actions from bending to pressing an object, applying minimal effort.
The whole design includes a small number of parts, but the main ones are two piston cylinders, which differ from each other in their diameter. Inside the pistons, there is ordinary water or oil. The fluid allows the law of hydrostatics to operate. This allows you to increase the efficiency and on the subject, a force of several tons will already act. The structure of the hydraulic press means work in two planes, but the vertical type of equipment is most often used, and less often the horizontal model.
Making a press with your own hands
To date, there are a fairly large number of drawings that allow you to make a hydraulic press using a jack with your own hands. A homemade press will not differ from real equipment produced at the enterprise. As a result, you can save money and get at your disposal high-quality equipment, which is also easy to improve and modify in the future.
In everyday life, a home-made press can be used to press various kinds of objects, including waste that remains after metal processing. Many masters especially often use a press for pipe deformations and bending of profiles. Since the hydraulic press is created for domestic purposes with your own hands, you can use an ordinary garage instead of a workshop.
Required Tools
Assembling a homemade press only with the help of your own strength is quite simple, but you need to prepare all the necessary tools in advance. It is imperative to prepare a welding machine and a large number of electrodes. If there are no skills in welding, you can ask specialists to help for a small fee. For metal processing of some parts, you will also need to find a grinding machine. As the main raw material in the creation of a hydraulic press metal profiles are used, which can be bought at any construction market. It does not make sense to buy a large quantity at once. It is better to buy everything as needed.
The first thing to remember is that the principle of operation in a hydraulic press is the pressure that can be obtained by manual action or a pump. Pressure can also be supplied to the working cylinder by installing a hydraulic jack, which has a built-in manual pump. Jacks can be very different, but it is better to choose a bottle-type model, since they have shown the longest service life for the entire time of use. At the beginning of the assembly of the hydraulic press, you need to pay attention to the fact that the jack is installed exclusively in a vertical position and the option is not allowed when the jack rod is pushed down.
To use a hydraulic press at home, a minimum load force is enough, which equals 10–20 tons. Large load force, used only when working in production. It is also important to pay attention to such characteristics as:
- bed parameters;
- working stroke of the pistons;
- dimensions.
The pressure inside the cylinder is obtained using a manual or hydraulic pump. The second option simplifies the job, but the hand pump can be easily replaced.
Creating the basis for a homemade press from a jack
The beginning of work on creating a homemade press is based on creating a platform that will serve as a support and at the same time be able to withstand the load of the press. It must be taken into account that the force that will act during pressing must be proportional to the knots. In fact, the jack will try its best break the frame, so its strength is a guarantee of the quality of all equipment. It is necessary to make a frame that would withstand a load that exceeds the force acting during the operation of the hydraulic press.
The frame opening must correspond in size to the intended material that will be used during pressing, so it is important to determine the width of this part at the stage of its creation. Minimum dimensions widths have their limits, because it cannot be less than the total dimensions of the press. When determining the exact height of a hydraulic press, it is necessary to take into account the length of the jack, the free amplitude of the rod, the free space for processing materials and the dimensions of the working table.
The hydraulic jack is installed on the main press bed, while the parts will rest against the frame structure web. In this case, the entire force that will be transmitted from the rod to the processing or pressing of the material will depend on the operation of the movable desktop. It is installed on top of the structure jack. In this case, the movement will occur with the help of the frame up and down.
It is possible to obtain the necessary strength and rigidity of the structure by using several ribs at once. To do this, you need to buy profiles made of metal of an angular or square type. The ideal profile size should be 50 or 40 mm per side. If you simply do not have the necessary profiles at hand, they can be made from ordinary metal sheets that are bent into the shape of an angle. Then you just need to weld the two corners to each other in the upper and lower parts. Thus, it is possible to obtain a profile with several stiffeners, which significantly increase the maximum load limit of the structure.
In order to stabilize the hydraulic press, the plate must be welded to the fabricated steel structure. According to standard drawings, the metal plate should be 8–12 mm thick and a size of 200 by 250 mm. Next, you will need to install two springs on the equipment at the jack on both sides. On the one hand, the springs must be glued to the bed, and, on the other hand, mounted on the work table. The springs serve to return the jack to its original position, so they must have the appropriate stiffness and size.
Creating an abutment for a hydraulic press
When creating a press with your own hands, you need to additionally make an emphasis. For this, the metal material that was used to create the racks is suitable. The length of the workpiece should be equal to the width of the structure. Next, you need to weld the two parts together and connect to the supporting structure. Should weld two metal corners, which have 40 or 50 mm one side, to each other. The length is chosen arbitrary, but within 30–50 cm. After that, all blanks are welded together and installed in their proper place. The connection angle should be 90 degrees.
The angle must be observed during welding. To do this, it is necessary to use squares that will help maintain the required 90 degrees, and will not allow the structure to bend during welding.
The advantage of a removable thrust element
The removable thrust element is mainly installed in order to move it along the guide and thereby the direction to the component will be transmitted. To create it, you will need simple metal pieces. 10 mm thick. The length of the blanks should be slightly less than the distance between the two racks. The final stage is the welding of the stop to the two posts.
Conclusion
Making your own hydraulic press with a jack is very simple. To do this, you can use improvised means, all kinds of drawings that can be found on the Internet, as well as your own experience. The result is equipment that can be prepared at home at any time.
When performing various work in a home workshop, it often becomes necessary to influence the workpieces by pressing. We will talk about how to make a hydraulic press with your own hands to perform such operations in this article.
The device and functions of the hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is an equipment that is specially designed for processing parts and workpieces by exposing them to high pressure. Such a press works due to the pressure of the liquid acting on the elements of its design.
The design of most hydraulic presses provides for a vertical arrangement of the working cylinder, but there are also models in which it is located horizontally. Various models of presses can create working forces in the range from several tens to several thousand tons.
The principle of operation of a hydraulic press is based on Pascal's law, known to us from a school physics course. The design of the press consists of two working chambers of different sizes or, as they are also called, cylinders. The principle of operation of a hydraulic press, if we describe it in a few words, is as follows.
In the smaller of its cylinders, a high pressure of the working fluid is created, which is fed through the connecting channel into the chamber of a larger diameter and acts on the piston connected to the working tool. The latter exerts pressure on the workpiece, which is located on a rigid support to prevent it from moving under its action. All hydraulic presses use special oils as the working fluid.
Hydraulic presses are most widely used when performing such operations on metal parts as stamping, forging, straightening, bending, extrusion of pipes and other profiles. In addition, with the help of such presses, briquetting, packaging and pressing of various materials are performed (as a rule, a mini-press is used for these purposes).
The device of the hydraulic press allows its active use both in enterprises for the production of rubber, plastic and wood products, as well as in other areas. A variety of functions and applications of this equipment determine the existence of its various modifications. For example, on sale you can find a hydraulic desktop press, a mini-press, a hydraulic floor press, a manual hydraulic press, presses with and without a pressure gauge.
Use cases at home
The use of a hydraulic press in a garage or home workshop is quite common. It is possible to use such a press, which is small in size, both when repairing a car, and for performing work of a different nature.
In particular, with the help of such compact equipment, it is possible to press out bearings or silent blocks, as well as to press new parts in their place. In addition to automotive repair, a hydraulic press can be used for bending metal parts, creating the required pressure when gluing surfaces, briquetting waste, and for squeezing out oil and liquid. Factory equipment for this purpose (even a manual hydraulic press) costs a lot of money, and not everyone can purchase it. Meanwhile, you can make such a press with your own hands, spending money only on the purchase of the necessary materials.
Remarkably, the design of a home-made hydraulic press can immediately be adapted to solve a specific problem with a specific part or workpiece. A do-it-yourself press will not take up much space; it will be enough to allocate a little space in the workshop or garage to accommodate it. Detailed instructions on how to make a hydraulic press are given below. There is also a video on this topic at the end of the article.
home press design
Do-it-yourself hydraulic presses should not have too outstanding technical characteristics, it is enough that they develop a force of 10–20 tons. This parameter of a homemade hydraulic press depends on what actions you are going to perform with it.
One of the most common and simple options for a homemade press
There are a number of other parameters that correspond not only to industrial, but also home-made household hydraulic presses:
- dimensions;
- weight of equipment;
- piston stroke;
- the presence of a pressure gauge in the design of the press;
- characteristics of the machine used.
In self-made presses, the pressure in the working cylinder is usually created using a manual hydraulic pump, which can be either built into the design of such a device or located separately from it. Such a design feature depends only on what equipment you choose for the manufacture of such a device. It is very easy to make a hydraulic press with your own hands, if you take a bottle-type jack as the basis for its design. Such a jack, which is convenient, already has a built-in hand pump in the design.
Bottle type hydraulic jack is great for use in DIY hydraulic press
Before you decide to purchase a suitable jack for making a home hydraulic tool, it is important to decide what tasks you will solve with it. Both the design scheme of the manual hydraulic press and the force that it will develop depend on this. The next step is to develop a drawing of a hydraulic press, which you are going to make with your own hands. You can, of course, find such a drawing on the Internet and even see photos and videos of the process of making a press from a hydraulic jack with your own hands. But in this case, you will be faced with the need to customize the devices you have for someone else's homemade press.
The development of a drawing of your future home-made press begins with the question of how it will work. There are only two options here.
- The jack will be located at the bottom of the press - on its frame - and will push up.
- The jack is fixed in the upper part of the press structure and presses, respectively, down.
However, when choosing a scheme for the operation of a home-made press, one should take into account the fact that for the main part of the jacks produced by modern industry, the only correct position is the pressing rod up, and it is simply not allowed to place them differently. That is why the first hydraulic press scheme is most often taken as a basis. The second option is used only in cases where it is required to make hydraulic equipment for pressing out bearings or bushings from individual units and mechanisms with your own hands.
Version of the press with the lower location of the jack
What to consider when developing a drawing of a homemade press
The supporting element of any press, including a home-made one, is a bed, the development of a drawing of which should be approached as responsibly as possible. Structurally, the frame is a frame, inside of which there is a jack with a working tool that puts pressure on a part or workpiece.
The type of bed can vary significantly depending on the purpose of the press.
The frame of a do-it-yourself hydraulic press must have high strength, as it will experience loads in two directions at once. The jack, which creates a certain force, will simultaneously put pressure on the upper and lower parts of the frame, trying to break it, as it were. That is why, when calculating the frame and choosing materials for its manufacture, its strength is provided with a margin.
The lower part of the frame - its base - is developed taking into account the fact that it must ensure high stability of the entire structure. When calculating the width of the internal opening of the frame of a homemade press, they take into account both the dimensions of the parts and workpieces that will be processed on it, and the total dimensions of all the constituent elements of the future press.
Another version of the bed with the simplest base design for stability
When calculating the height of the internal opening of the frame, the following parameters are summed up: the height of the jack, the desired free play of its rod, the thickness of the working body and the part to be processed. If a home-made press is made according to the first scheme, then its design is as follows: the jack is installed on the lower base, and the part is in the upper part of the frame; the force from the jack to the part is transmitted through its rod and a movable working platform moving along the guides in the side elements of the frame.
In order to ensure the return of the rod to its original state, two springs are used, the lower part of which is attached to the base, and the upper part to the movable working platform. If you decide to make a press from a jack with your own hands, then it is very important to correctly calculate the stiffness of the springs so that they effectively perform all the functions assigned to them.
When implementing the second scheme, a part is placed on the lower base, and the jack is installed on a movable platform, to which springs are also attached, connecting it to the upper crossbar of the frame. Both in the first and in the second case, at the point of contact of the rod with the movable platform or the upper crossbar of the frame, a so-called nest is made, which can be used as a pipe segment of the appropriate diameter.
The inability to adjust the height of the working area simplifies the design, but significantly limits the use of the press
A do-it-yourself hydraulic press will be much more convenient to use if you provide for the possibility of adjusting the free jack rod, which also affects the allowable height of the workpiece. To do this, you can do the following.
- An additional plate is located in the upper part of the inner contour of the frame, which can move along the guides due to a screw drive with a steering wheel. Thus, it is possible to change the clearance within a fairly wide range for the location of parts inside the frame.
- You can make a removable stop, which is most often used as a mobile removable platform. It is possible to fix the position of such an emphasis inside the frame using bolted connections, for which holes are drilled in the frame with a certain step. In this case, the height spacing of such holes should not exceed the value of the free play of the jack rod.
- From a solid piece of metal or a metal profile, several interchangeable inserts-gaskets of different thicknesses can be made.
- You can also use several of the above methods at the same time.
If you are making a drawing according to which you will make a press with your own hands, be sure to indicate not only the dimensions of the main elements of such a device and the workpiece, but also other rolled metal from which the frame will be made.
Tools and materials
If you are going to make a hydraulic press with your own hands, then you will need the following tools, supplies and equipment:
- welding equipment;
- electrodes;
- hacksaw or grinder (angle grinder).
In addition, you will need the following elements that your future garage press will consist of: a hydraulic jack, two springs that will pull the movable platform back to its original state. If you find an old bridge fungus left over from a repair in your garage, then you can use it as a pulling device for homemade presses with a lower jack. In this case, the fungus is put on the jack rod, the upper part of the springs is attached directly to it, and the lower part is fixed on the frame.
The type and amount of materials needed to build a press depends heavily on the chosen design option.
In order to make a press from a jack, you will need the following rolled metal:
- channels (not less than 8 numbers), (with dimensions not less than 40x40), corners with a shelf width of not less than 50 mm;
- steel sheet with a thickness of at least 8 mm, which will be used as a reliable foundation for the entire structure;
- a piece of steel strip 10 mm thick - for the manufacture of guides and stiffeners, if necessary;
- a piece of pipe - for making nests for the head of the jack rod.
Manufacturing process
When the drawing of your future hydraulic press is ready, and all the necessary materials, tools, equipment and components are available, they go directly to manufacturing. The first thing to do is to cut all the metal, guided by the dimensions indicated in the drawing.
Now you should make the base of the press, for which prepared square pipes are welded together, and a steel plate is welded onto the rectangle formed from them. Then the side and upper parts of the frame are welded together, carefully making sure that the resulting U-shaped structure is even and has strictly right angles in the joints. Now the resulting structure should be welded to the base and we can assume that the frame for your hydraulic press is ready.
The next element that you will need to make for the press is a movable platform. For its manufacture, you can use a channel, square or rectangular pipe. A piece of pipe is welded in the central part of the platform, which will serve as a socket for the head of the jack rod. For the manufacture of guides for the working platform, you will need two steel strips, the length of which should correspond to the width of the press frame along its outer contour.
It is possible to design a hydraulic press in the conditions of a home workshop using improvised metal rolling. The main working element of any hydraulic press is a car hydraulic jack. Most often, a common design of a car jack, a bottle jack, is used in the press device. Jacks of this type, depending on the design features, can lift from 2 to 100 tons. A huge advantage of a car hydraulic jack is the simplicity of its device and ease of use.
Production of the base of the structure, racks and stop
The base for the device can be made from any available material. The main requirement for this structural unit of the device is to ensure reliable stability of the entire installation during operation. In order to ensure maximum structural stability, the hydraulic press must be designed in such a way that the center of gravity of the device is as low as possible.
For a floor type of construction, the base can be assembled from channels or thick-walled corners. In the manufacture of a desktop hydraulic press for the construction of the base, a thick-walled pipe with a square section can be used. When using the base as a press platform, a thick-walled sheet of metal will need to be welded on top of the base. It is possible to use iron for construction only with a metal thickness of 10 mm or more.
After manufacturing the base, you can begin to manufacture the following structural elements of the device - racks and stops. You can also make these elements from improvised materials. When determining the dimensions of these elements, it is necessary to take into account some features of the intended operation of the device.
First of all, it is required to find out the amount of extension of the rod used in the jack device. To this parameter it is required to add the height of the hydraulic jack body and the thickness of the metal of the platform serving as a support.
The stop of the device is made of a material similar to that from which the fixture racks are made. The size of the stop should be equal to the width of the platform of the device.
The fixed thrust element and the racks connected together geometrically represent a U-shaped structural element. All structural elements are connected into a single structure using a welding unit. After connecting the racks and the fixed thrust element of the device, the entire structure is attached to the previously manufactured base by welding.
When working in a car workshop, it is often necessary to do pressing work. This will require special equipment - a hydraulic press. You can buy it or make it yourself.
The relevance of the manufacture of hydraulic press
Most often, this equipment is necessary for installation and repair work. Some suspension or running gear components must be properly dismantled for refurbishment.
The main difficulty is the cost of the hydraulic press. Despite the fact that it uses the principle of an ordinary jack, the price of equipment can reach several hundred thousand rubles. Often, it is this fact that determines the desire to make a manual press on your own.
The main advantages of operating a home-made structure made from a do-it-yourself manual jack are as follows:
- the ability to adapt equipment for a specific type of work. This applies to both technical indicators and operational qualities;
- low cost. The possibility of using improvised materials will significantly affect the final price. The main thing is to choose the right hydraulic jack, as it is the main component of the machine;
- maintainability. This is reflected in the cost of operation. It is important to initially make a quality press and choose the right hydraulic jack model.
In addition to the traditional removal of bearings from a vehicle hub, equipment can perform a number of useful tasks. First of all, this concerns the process of controlled deformation of steel structures.
One of the advantages of a do-it-yourself model is its small size. The machine can be placed in any part of the car service. The main thing is to provide convenience for the installation of parts that need to be processed.
Hydraulic press design
When choosing an equipment scheme, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical papers of factory models. This will help to draw up the optimal drawing of the hydraulic machine. You can get the necessary information on the websites of manufacturers.
One of the main conditions is the stability of the structure and the ability to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the frame of the press. It will contain the main components.
The simplest model for a car repair shop consists of the following elements:
- carrier frame. It is made from channels and corners. The recommended steel thickness is from 2 to 5 mm.
- hydraulic jack. For standard work, a model with a load capacity of 12 tons is suitable. It is best to use conventional bottle models;
- base table. It will contain the part to be processed. It should consist of two channels with a distance between them. The jack rod will be lowered into it;
- nozzle. It is installed on the working piston. Designed for pressing parts with different diameters.
This is a general scheme of do-it-yourself equipment. It is recommended to pre-calculate on paper the required load forces, it is possible to select a pump to increase the speed of operation.
It is important that the support legs of the press increase stability. Additionally, you can install adjusting bolts, with the help of which the position of the equipment and the jack is calibrated.
Making a hydraulic press with your own hands
First you need to pick up tools and consumables for making a hydraulic press with your own hands. This will require a welding machine. Argon welding is not recommended.
A diagram is drawn up in advance, which indicates all the dimensions of the press, its components. This can be done on paper or electronically. For manufacturing, you can use any improvised materials. But in order for a do-it-yourself press to serve for a long time, it is recommended to use the following components:
- channel 8. A frame is made from it;
- corner 50*50. Used as stiffeners. They also make a movable platform for the mechanical part of it so that it can change its position relative to the horizontal axis;
- screws for fixing. In the upper part of the press, it is best to use two methods of fastening components - mechanical and by welding;
- jack. The installation of the simplest bottle-type model is recommended. It is important that its carrying capacity corresponds to the design parameters;
- springs. They are necessary to return the platform to its original state.
Making a press with your own hands begins with a frame. First, holes are drilled with a drill to install the mounting bolts. Then, according to the plan, the structure is welded and fixed.
The next stage of work is the installation of the jack. It is best to prepare a separate platform on which the hydraulic equipment will be mounted. The stem can be located both at the top and at the bottom. For convenience, you can make a movable platform mounted on the upper horizontal channel. It is important to install the jack in the correct way so that it does not jam when the air is bled.
The springs must be strong enough to raise the weight of the hydraulic platform to its original level. You don’t need to make them yourself - just buy furniture.
The cost of industrial products of the hydraulic press is such that rarely anyone wants to buy it for "home and family". Such models are used, as a rule, in production or in workshops (in the sector of medium and small businesses), and then in specialized ones (forge, car service, etc.).
A “solid” apparatus is not sold for less than 170–180 thousand, and small devices called “press tongs” (within 2–3 thousand rubles) are of limited use, mainly for “crimping” metal products.
You can buy a press for 25 - 30 thousand rubles (made in China), which is not so expensive these days. But if you look closely at how and from what it is assembled, then the thought involuntarily comes that all this can be mounted from improvised materials. If you have to "spending", but very little.
There are many options for self-manufacturing hydraulic press. Each owner, depending on his needs, determines his dimensions, configuration, the limit of the “stroke” of the working part, the necessary force that hydraulics must provide. Let us dwell on one, simple to manufacture model of such a product.
We will not indicate specific dimensions, the main thing is to understand the principle of assembly and operation of the device. And any skilled person will figure out for himself how and from what it is more convenient for him to make a press. The essence of the work is as follows. There are 2 containers (vessels) in which there is a liquid (as a rule, this is a special oil). They communicate with each other (remember the lessons of physics at school). Applying a small effort to compress the liquid in one (small vessel), we get pressure in a large one, several times higher than the “primary”.
If you put a rod in it, then it will move. Any part located between the support (on the frame) and the working "tool" (rod) will be under pressure. In other words, we press on the handle, and the workpiece is flattened. And the more, the stronger we act on the lever. Everything is simple.
The photographs show the press at various stages of manufacture. Therefore, it makes sense to dwell only on some features of the assembly, and it is not difficult to determine what materials are needed, based on its capabilities and the specific purpose of the device.
Components of the mechanism
Base
It must be strong, since it is on this part that the maximum load will fall. It is possible, for example, to weld a frame from a corner, inside which, to increase strength, weld segments of the same corner or a thick metal bar (pins, etc.). It should be taken into account that a hydraulic jack will stand on such a frame (platform), therefore, a cut sheet of iron must be fixed by welding on the upper surface of the frame. Its thickness depends on how "powerful" the press should be.
Top stop
In fact, it is necessary to make a welded structure in the form of the letter “P”, which will be fixed on the platform with “legs”. Its height is determined by the maximum possible extension of the jack rod. The easiest way for this purpose is to use a thick-walled pipe with a square or rectangular profile. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that all elements of the stop are located at right angles. Not even the slightest distortion of the "letter" is allowed.
work item
In fact, it plays the role of a lower, movable stop. In the process of pressing the part, it is with him that it will be pressed against the upper stop (“crossbar” of the letter “P”). The principle is clear. How to make, there are several options. For example, to make an assembly of metal plates of appropriate thickness, which are fastened together either with bolts or by the same welding.
In order for this part to move freely up and down and not move at the same time, the length of the extreme plates is chosen more. The resulting "protrusions" on the sides will play the role of position locks along the horizontal axis. In other words, such an “assembly” can move in the vertical direction, but not left-right.
To exclude a large skew of the movable stop, the length of the "internal" plates is selected so that they are almost closely adjacent to the structure pillars (legs of the letter "P"), with a minimum gap.
Afterword
We have given only one of the options. You can make a press in which the stroke of the rod will not be from the bottom up, but vice versa. Naturally, for this, the hydraulic cylinder is placed on the upper stop. At the same time, the center of gravity of the entire structure shifts, so the platform will have to be made more massive, wider.
For the convenience of working with parts of different sizes, it is advisable to prepare "inserts". If necessary, they can be put on the working part, thereby reducing the distance over which the stem will have to be extended.
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