Ph3 chemical. Occupational poisoning with phosphine (phorous hydrogen). Ineffective methods of dealing with beetles include

As you know, the demand for services creates supply and not all firms approach the services they provide with due responsibility in terms of efficiency and safety. One of the services for which professionalism is extremely important is the fumigation of the house with phosphine gas.

Fumigation with phosphine against bark beetles in a wooden house has many advantages.

It must be borne in mind that fumigation implies a number of various inconveniences, the main of which is:

• Seasonality of work. Fumigation is not carried out in a heated room if the heating element (boiler, furnace) is located in the same building. This is due to the fact that in large concentrations the gas can be very explosive. Before fumigation, the house is de-energized and the heating is turned off.
• Since it is impossible to perform fumigation during heating, it is carried out exclusively at positive temperatures from spring to autumn.
• Gas is very dangerous for all living things. During the procedure, all family members must move out, the average period is five to seven days. Do not enter the room and open the doors and windows. This can be very dangerous!
• After the complete release of gas, a second departure of the worker is needed to perform degassing, he will collect and dispose of all decomposition products.
• After the end of fumigation, degassing of the room is not less than 4-6 hours!

We conducted our own analysis of the fumigation market, requested documents on the training of specialists, consultation of operators and came to the conclusion that Russia is still far from European standards, but not everything is lost.

Preparing the house for fumigation with Phosphine

• Remove all equipment from the house (smartphones, TVs, computers, tablets, smartphones). Household appliances (vacuum cleaners, washing machines) can be left.
• Remove all exposed food.
• Personal hygiene items (combs, toothbrushes).
• Close chimneys, chimneys, ventilation shafts, hoods with a special patch made of a special gas-tight very high density polyethylene.
• All cracks, as well as possible gas leaks, must be sealed with construction tape, or a special patch made of very high density polyethylene is applied.
• All plants and animals must be removed from the house.
• Warn neighbors about the upcoming fumigation and the danger of being in proximity (less than 10 m) from the house.
• The house must be completely de-energized for the duration of the fumigation.
• Any heating in the house during the fumigation is turned off.

Magtoxin (fumigant based on magnesium phosphide)

Magtoxin and Phostoxin

Magtoxin from Detia Degesch GmbH is a fumigant that consists of magnesium phosphide, paraffin and ammonium carbamate. It is produced in the form of round tablets, as well as pills weighing 3 g and 0.6 g, respectively. Under the influence of atmospheric air, the fumigant releases hydrogen phosphide, the release rate depends on air humidity and temperature.

Magtoxin has excellent insecticidal activity. It very quickly penetrates through any packaging materials, as well as inside sealed goods. Hydrogen phosphide is very effective in destroying adult pests of grain stocks (rice and granary weevil, grain sawfly, southern granary moth, kapr beetle, varieties of grain moth), as well as when they are in the stages of pupae, eggs and larvae. Carbon dioxide and ammonia act as special protective gases. Phosphine gas easily penetrates into the structure of the tree, into any passages of the beetle, its larvae, leaving them no chance to hide or take cover.

Since Magtoxin decomposes almost completely, the residual dust contains almost no undecomposed metal phosphide, unlike various products that contain aluminum phosphide.

Magtoxin decomposes much faster than products that contain aluminum phosphide. The maximum concentration of hydrogen phosphide released by this fumigant is reached after 24–36 hours. For comparison, over the same time period and under similar conditions (temperature 20 ° C and humidity 60%), products based on aluminum phosphide release approximately 72% of hydrogen phosphide, while magnesium phosphide is released completely.

Scope of use of gas for fumigation

Due to its special effectiveness, it began to be used for fumigation of wooden houses in case of infection with wood-eating beetles, it leaves no traces, does not damage property, rodents and all other insects die along with beetles. This method simply has no analogues in terms of efficiency.

At the moment, there are a lot of companies on the service market offering their services for phosphine fumigation . We conducted our own "investigation" and analysis of companies and found that 85% of all disinfection services in Moscow are fake. No offices, no permits, no trained staff. Or companies make a bunch of sites under different names in order to capture as many potential customers and market share as possible. The only one we found a service that meets all our requirements It turned out to be the Dezcenter-Rus company.

We selected companies based on several criteria:

• The staff has certificates and certificates of passing prof. training, including work with pesticides of the 1st hazard class.
• The presence of prof. equipment and facilities
• Availability of a valid, real office where you can come
• Membership in NP "NOD" National Organization of Disinfectionists
• Reviews on the Internet
• The term of work in the market of disinfection services
• Price policy…

The effect of fumigation is highly dependent on a number of factors such as pest type, building gas permeability, humidity, product packaging and temperature. The fumigation time depends entirely on the type of room, as well as its gas tightness. Airing time (that is, degassing) is at least 3–6 hours.

Due to the special formulation of Magtoxin, its use guarantees complete safety for the employee of the disinfection company.

Benefits of Magtoxin

• Rapidly and almost completely decomposes.
• Almost does not leave any residues in processed products.
• The residual dust contains almost no undecomposed phosphide.
• Very economical.

Dome house fumigation

In order to do fumigation correctly, it is necessary to achieve the greatest tightness of the room, which in some situations is simply impossible. The absence of a roof, doors or windows in the house makes fumigation simply impossible. In these situations, a special gas-tight dome is made. He puts on the chosen house according to the principle of "hat". The production of this dome takes from one to three months.

Symptoms of poisoning during fumigation with phosphine

Phosphine gas is a highly volatile substance. If special safety measures are not observed, it is very easy to get poisoned, even to death. Such poisoning is often confused with the flu, food poisoning, or the consequences of drinking alcohol - a hangover.

The main signs of phosphine poisoning:

• Vomiting and nausea.
• Fatigue and depression.
• Muscle pain and cramps, convulsions.
• Migraine and headache.
• Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.
• Pain in the upper abdomen, as well as chills (milder cases of poisoning).
• Tinnitus, increased intracranial pressure, feeling of fear (medium phosphine gas poisoning).
• Respiratory and cardiac arrest, loss of consciousness, coma (very severe degree of phosphine gas poisoning).

Symptoms of poisoning may appear two days after poisoning.

Important information

• If you are offered a special aerosol treatment, high-quality fogging, then this is not phosphine gas fumigation. This type of work also exists, but its price is much lower and the effectiveness is almost zero, since there is no necessary penetration into the material.
• The price of fumigation is calculated based on the cubic capacity (that is, volume) of the room, and not at all its area.
• From a technical point of view, not every house can be successfully fumigated - only a specialist who is well versed not only in fumigation, but also in various construction technologies can make a decision about this.
• No house can be successfully fumigated without its special preliminary preparation. Preparation of housing for fumigation in each case is individual.
• Currently, houses are not fumigated for three days.
• All work, in addition to preparation, is done by the performer. Options like "... in three days, come in and ventilate everything yourself ..." - at least, this is not the fulfillment of one's own obligations. In addition, for an unprepared person, this may well lead to very serious, if not fatal, health problems.
• After fumigation, the house is not ventilated, but a special degassing is carried out to the minimum MPC (that is, the maximum permissible concentrations). To determine this parameter, special equipment is required.
• Phosphine is not able to penetrate polyethylene.
• Phosphine is not sprayed by fumigator machines.
• Once again, it is important to note that the process of fumigation at home in any case involves two trips - this is the fumigation itself, and after the end of the exposure - degassing. Degassing is not ventilation at all, but a separate chemical procedure, which also includes the disposal of all phosphine decomposition products.
• Resistance, that is, addiction, or immunity to phosphine in pests simply does not exist.
• Phosphine does not oxidize gold and silver, but easily oxidizes copper. In this case, the metal immediately becomes a little darker, but its properties and qualities do not change.
• The conclusion of an agreement without a detailed understanding of the house (at least photographs are required, and even better - a full visual inspection) - indicates a lack of understanding of the company what it is doing. Or vice versa - about a very “good” understanding of all this! And with all the consequences ...

How much does phosphine fumigation cost?

Phosphorus(from Greek phosphoros - luminiferous; lat. Phosphorus) P, a chemical element of group V of the periodic system; atomic number 15, atomic mass 30.97376. It has one stable nuclide 31 P. The effective cross section for capturing thermal neutrons is 18 10 -30 m 2 . External configuration electron shell of an atom3 s 2 3p 3 ; oxidation states -3, +3 and +5; successive ionization energy during the transition from P 0 to P 5+ (eV): 10.486, 19.76, 30.163, 51.36, 65.02; electron affinity, 0.6 eV; Pauling electronegativity, 2.10; ), 0.029 nm (5), 0.038 nm (6) for P 5+ .

The average content of phosphorus in the earth's crust is 0.105% by mass, in water seas and oceans 0.07 mg / l. About 200 phosphoric minerals are known. they are all phosphates. Of these, the most important apatite, which is the basis phosphorites. Monazite CePO 4 , xenotime YPO 4 , amblygonite LiAlPO 4 (F, OH), trifilin Li (Fe, Mn) PO 4 , torbernite Cu (UO 2) 2 (PO 4) 2 12H 2 O, otunite Ca ( UO 2) 2 (PO 4) 2 xx 10H 2 O, vivianite Fe 3 (PO 4) 2 8H 2 O, pyromorphite Pb 5 (PO 4) 3 C1, turquoise CuA1 6 (PO 4) 4 (OH) 8 5H 2 O.

Properties. Known to St. 10 modifications of phosphorus, of which the most important are white, red and black phosphorus (technical white phosphorus is called yellow phosphorus). There is no unified designation system for phosphorus modifications. Some properties of the most important modifications are compared in Table. Thermodynamically stable under normal conditions is crystalline black phosphorus (PI). White and red phosphorus are metastable, but due to the low rate of transformation, they can be stored almost indefinitely under normal conditions.

Phosphorus compounds with non-metals

Phosphorus and hydrogen in the form of simple substances practically do not interact. Hydrogen derivatives of phosphorus are obtained indirectly, for example:

Ca 3 P 2 + 6HCl \u003d 3CaCl 2 + 2PH 3

Phosphine pH 3 is a colorless, highly toxic gas with a rotten fish odour. The phosphine molecule can be considered as an ammonia molecule. However, the angle between the H-P-H bonds is much smaller than that of ammonia. This means a decrease in the share of s-clouds in the formation of hybrid bonds in the case of phosphine. The bonds of phosphorus with hydrogen are less strong than the bonds of nitrogen with hydrogen. The donor properties of phosphine are less pronounced than those of ammonia. The low polarity of the phosphine molecule and the weak activity of accepting a proton lead to the absence of hydrogen bonds not only in the liquid and solid states, but also with water molecules in solutions, as well as to the low stability of the phosphonium ion РН 4 + . The most stable phosphonium salt in the solid state is its iodide PH 4 I. Water and especially alkaline solutions of phosphonium salts vigorously decompose:

PH 4 I + KOH \u003d PH 3 + KI + H 2 O

Phosphine and phosphonium salts are strong reducing agents. In air, phosphine burns to phosphoric acid:

PH 3 + 2O 2 \u003d H 3 RO 4

When phosphides of active metals are decomposed by acids, simultaneously with phosphine, diphosphine P 2 H 4 is formed as an impurity. Diphosphine is a colorless volatile liquid, similar in molecular structure to hydrazine, but phosphine does not show basic properties. It ignites spontaneously in air, decomposes when stored in the light and when heated. Its decomposition products contain phosphorus, phosphine and a yellow amorphous substance. This product is called solid hydrogen phosphide, and the formula P 12 H 6 is attributed to it.

With halogens, phosphorus forms tri- and pentahalides. These phosphorus derivatives are known for all analogues, but chlorine compounds are practically important. WG 3 and WG 5 are toxic, they are obtained directly from simple substances.

WG 3 - stable exothermic compounds; PF 3 is a colorless gas, PCl 3 and PBr 3 are colorless liquids, and PI 3 are red crystals. In the solid state, all trihalides form crystals with a molecular structure. WG 3 and WG 5 are acid-forming compounds:

PI 3 + 3H 2 O \u003d 3HI + H 3 RO 3

Both phosphorus nitrides are known, corresponding to three- and five-covalent states: РN and Р 2 N 5 . In both compounds, the nitrogen is trivalent. Both nitrides are chemically inert, resistant to water, acids and alkalis.

Molten phosphorus dissolves sulfur well, but chemical interaction occurs at high temperatures. Of the phosphorus sulfides, Р 4 S 3 , Р 4 S 7 , Р 4 S 10 are better studied. These sulfides can be recrystallized in naphthalene melt and isolated as yellow crystals. When heated, sulfides ignite and burn to form P 2 O 5 and SO 2. Water all of them slowly decompose with the release of hydrogen sulfide and the formation of oxygen acids of phosphorus.

Phosphorus compounds with metals

With active metals, phosphorus forms salt-like phosphides, which obey the rules of classical valency. p-Metals, as well as metals of the zinc subgroup, give both normal and anion-rich phosphides. Most of these compounds exhibit semiconductor properties, i.e. the dominant bond in them is covalent. The difference between nitrogen and phosphorus, due to size and energy factors, is most characteristically manifested in the interaction of these elements with transition metals. For nitrogen, when interacting with the latter, the main thing is the formation of metal-like nitrides. Phosphorus also forms metal-like phosphides. Many phosphides, especially those with a predominantly covalent bond, are refractory. So, AlP melts at 2197 degrees C, and gallium phosphide has a melting point of 1577 degrees C. Phosphides of alkali and alkaline earth metals are easily decomposed by water with the release of phosphine. Many phosphides are not only semiconductors (AlP, GaP, InP), but also ferromagnets, such as CoP and Fe 3 P.

Phosphine(hydrogen phosphide, phosphorus hydride, according to the IUPAC nomenclature - phosphane pH 3) is a colorless, very toxic, rather unstable gas with a specific smell of rotten fish.

colorless gas. Poorly soluble in water, does not react with it. At low temperatures, it forms a solid clathrate 8РН 3 ·46Н 2 O. Soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, carbon disulfide. At −133.8 °C, it forms crystals with a face-centered cubic lattice.

The phosphine molecule has the shape of a trigonal pyramid with C 3v molecular symmetry (d PH = 0.142 nm, HPH = 93.5 o). The dipole moment is 0.58 D, significantly lower than that of uammonia. The hydrogen bond between PH 3 molecules practically does not appear and therefore phosphine has lower melting and boiling points.

Phosphine is very different from its ammonia counterpart. Its chemical activity is higher than that of ammonia, it is poorly soluble in water, as the base is much weaker than ammonia. The latter is explained by the fact that the H-P bonds are weakly polarized and the activity of the lone pair of electrons in phosphorus (3s 2) is lower than that of nitrogen (2s 2) in ammonia.

In the absence of oxygen, when heated, it decomposes into elements:

spontaneously ignites in air (in the presence of diphosphine vapor or at temperatures above 100 °C):

Shows strong restorative properties:

When interacting with strong proton donors, phosphine can give phosphonium salts containing the PH 4 + ion (similar to ammonium). Phosphonium salts, colorless crystalline substances, are extremely unstable, easily hydrolyzed.

Both phosphine itself and its salts are strong reducing agents.

Phosphine is obtained by reacting white phosphorus with hot alkali, for example:

It can also be obtained by the action of water or acids on phosphides:

Synthesis directly from elements is possible:

Hydrogen chloride, when heated, interacts with white phosphorus:

Decomposition of phosphonium iodide:

Phosphonic acid decomposition:

or its restoration.

× We have prepared this article in order to help people figure out how to distinguish those who really understand something about fumigation of houses from those who only pretend to be.

For more than a decade, our company has been successfully fumigating houses with phosphine gas. The technique itself is directly related to the agricultural industry of storage and processing of cereals, cereals, dried fruits and other raw materials of plant origin, one way or another used in the food industry. But with one significant difference - the technique, although agricultural, has been completely redesigned by us into modern technology for the specific tasks of destroying wood pests (bark beetle, barbel, woodcutter, printer, etc.) in modern housing construction.

At the moment, some firms are trying to copy our author's technology. However, not everyone - to say the least - succeeds. And therefore, approximately 25% -30% of all our home fumigation work is “rework” after those who think they can do it.

So, you are faced with a problem that you have already identified - the house is affected by a pest. Nowadays, a person immediately opens any search engine and starts looking for companies that can solve this problem. And what does he see? Several dozens (well, not hundreds!) of various "offices", many of which are ready to come and do everything within two or three hours.

We will not explain about smoke, aerosol, fog - we have already done it. However, already a couple of years ago, a number of companies appeared that were ready to treat the house with phosphine almost immediately after the call! At the same time, there are not so many specialists who can work with phosphine, and those who also understand housing construction are generally few. But the number of companies offering this service is still growing!

And how can a non-specialist understand this variety of proposals?

Let's start in order:

ATTENTION! MUST READ!

• If you are offered aerosol treatment, fogging is not phosphine gas fumigation. This type of work also exists, but its cost is much lower and the effectiveness is practically zero, since there is no necessary penetrating ability into the wood.

• The cost of fumigation is calculated based on the cubic capacity (volume) of the room, and not its area.

• Not every house can be successfully fumigated from a technical point of view - only a specialist who is well versed not only in fumigation, but also in construction technologies can make a decision about this.

• No house can be successfully fumigated without first preparing it. Preparation of the house for fumigation in each case is individual.

• Houses are not fumigated for 3-5 days.

• All work, except for preparation, is done by the Contractor. Options like “… in three or four days, come in and ventilate yourself…” - this, at least, is not fulfilling your obligations. In addition, for an unprepared person, it can lead to serious, if not fatal, health problems.

• After fumigation, the house is not ventilated, but degassed to the minimum MPC (maximum permissible concentrations). To determine the MPC, special equipment is needed.

• We emphasize once again that the process of fumigation at home ALWAYS involves two exits - directly fumigation, and after the end of the exposure - degassing. Degassing is not ventilation, it is a separate chemical process, which also includes the disposal of phosphine decay products.

• There is no resistance/addiction or immunity in pests to phosphine.

• Phosphine does NOT oxidize silver and gold, but oxidizes copper. In this case, the metal becomes slightly darker, but its properties do not change.

• Phosphine does NOT penetrate polyethylene.

• Phosphine is NOT sprayed by any fumigator machines.

• The conclusion of the contract without a detailed idea of ​​the house (at least photographic materials are needed, and even better - a visual inspection) - signals the Contractor's lack of understanding of what he is doing. Or vice versa - about a very "good" understanding of this! With all the ensuing…

• A 1-year warranty on work performed is a very controversial condition. Wood pests are usually biennial. With poor quality work, it is in a year that they may appear again ... when the warranty has expired ...