Do-it-yourself burner for working out from a fire extinguisher. Do-it-yourself burner. Homemade waste oil burner. Ignition and fire maintenance system

During the operation of automobile and tractor transport, a significant amount of used oil is formed. According to environmental legislation, this oil cannot be poured onto the ground or into the sewer, but must be disposed of at special enterprises, while incurring significant costs to the budget. The invention of Robert Babington solves this problem by using development for space heating or for heating technological installations. Its burner, being simple in design and available for the home craftsman to manufacture, is reliable and highly energy efficient.

What is a Babbington burner

The design of a liquid-fired Babbington burner is simple enough to be DIY in a home workshop. The operating burner has the following main assemblies and parts:

container with mining;
fuel line;
fuel pump; included in the rupture of the fuel line;
hemisphere with a small diameter hole;
an air nozzle exiting this hole;
dripping fuel pan.

The fuel line ends at a certain height above the hemisphere, mining flows down it and evaporates, the vapors are drawn into the air stream, forming a fuel mixture. The fuel that did not have time to evaporate falls into the sump, and from it through the pipe system back into the fuel tank.

Despite the seeming simplicity of the device, for its effective and, most importantly, safe operation, it is required to accurately manufacture the main parts and correctly position them relative to each other. Therefore, it is better to download ready-made drawings of the Babington burner and follow the dimensions indicated in them.

Principle of operation

In most known oil burners, the oil / air mixture is fed through a pressure orifice. In contrast, in the Babington system, oil is supplied by a low-pressure pump and flows freely over a surface that has the shape of a sphere or is close to it. The fuel forms a thin film and evaporates, entrained by a stream of air supplied under pressure into a small (up to 0.3 millimeter) hole in the center of the sphere. Oil vapors and air are mixed, forming a torch of the fuel mixture. This torch ignites and heats up what needs to be heated - the walls of the furnace or the liquid heat exchanger of the boiler.

Part of the oil does not have time to evaporate and burn and flows down below the hole, falling into the fuel collection pan. Further, the mining flows from the pallet to the fuel tank and is reused.

To increase the fluidity and volatility of mining, it is heated. The heated waste is sprayed into smaller droplets, which also improves the quality of the fuel mixture and the overall efficiency of the device.

How to make a burner for testing

In order to make a waste oil burner with your own hands, you will need:

cross piece for water pipes with a female thread, 2 "diameter;
a piece of a two-inch pipe with a cut external thread, 15-20 cm long;
copper tube with a diameter of 10 millimeters for fuel supply;
metal tube for air supply;
compressor 2-4 bar;
oil pump;
fittings for connecting the fuel line;
a valve for the fuel line to regulate the flow of fuel;
hemisphere - brass furniture handle or spherical nut.

The pump will fit any car or motorcycle; its drive shaft will need to be connected to an electric motor. It is best to take the compressor from an air conditioner - they are adapted for continuous operation.

The tube is screwed into one of the holes of the cross, into the opposite one is screwed in a plug with a hemisphere fixed on it so that it is in the center of the cross. An air supply tube is supplied to the hemisphere from the rear through a plug.

A fuel line is attached to the upper hole of the cross, from which the mining will drip onto the hemisphere. The bottom hole is led out into a pan for collecting unburned oil. All the main assemblies of a self-assembled waste oil burner:

crosspiece assembly;
compressor;
fuel tank;
pump;
power supply and control unit;

fixed on a frame welded from a steel corner.

We make a burner nozzle for testing

The nozzle is the most critical element of the burner design for self-assembled mining. The accuracy of its manufacture determines the fuel efficiency and safety of the system. The larger the nozzle hole, the more powerful the burner will turn out.

In addition, it is very important that the air intake channel is even and smooth - then the shape of the torch will be optimal. The best option would be to use a ready-made jet with a hole of the desired diameter, for example, from a gas stove or carburetor.

But you can also drill a hole on a drilling machine. The use of a hand drill is not recommended due to the difficulty in maintaining the alignment of the hole.

The hemisphere can be made from a furniture handle of a suitable diameter or from a hemispherical nut. The nozzle must be mounted flush with the surface of the hemisphere. In the most extreme case, use is simply a strip of metal curved on the rule with a nozzle welded to it.

The power of the resulting burner can be estimated in advance with a known error. A burner with one 0.3 mm hole will be able to deliver approximately 16 kW of heat output. If more power is required, then it is better not to increase the diameter of the hole, but to make several of them, at a distance of at least 8 mm from each other. Practice has shown that from a hole larger than 0.3 mm, the air flow becomes turbulent, captures mining vapors worse, and the thermal efficiency of the device decreases.

The history of the emergence of burners on used engine oil

Working out burners became widespread in our country in the second half of the 20th century. The population was looking for an inexpensive way to heat the premises.

Using mining, which cost almost nothing, was very profitable compared to buying coal, firewood and even peat, not to mention heating with gas or electricity. More or less economical and safe devices came out from under the hands of home craftsmen.

Their principle of operation was reminiscent of the well-known kerosene gas, which ran on kerosene. Kerosene evaporated, and its vapors were burned in a separate pyrolysis chamber.

The main problem with such devices was strong soot and a pungent unpleasant odor due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. To avoid this, the fuel was first decomposed into fractions at a high temperature, and then these fractions were afterburned separately.

In 1969, the English inventor Robert Babbington received a patent for his stove, originally designed to run on diesel fuel. After the expiration of the patent, the design became available for repetition, both by industrial enterprises and by home craftsmen. A homemade waste oil burner of the Babbington design is much more economical and safer than other burner designs.

Advantages and disadvantages of a liquid fuel burner

The Babbington refined burner has a number of advantages:

Simplicity of design, no moving parts.
Availability for making at home.
The availability of well-calculated and accurate drawings on the Web.
Exceptional low cost of fuel. Enterprises that own a large fleet of automobile and tractor equipment will be able to significantly save on heating and, at the same time, on the disposal of waste oil.
High energy efficiency. Other burners in the development spend much more fuel per kilowatt of thermal energy.
Small dimensions make it possible to integrate the burner into existing heating systems without significant alterations.
High degree of fire safety.

In addition to these advantages, the burner also has a number of disadvantages.

Sensitivity of the fuel line to contamination. The development will have to be filtered out.
The need for electrical power to operate the fuel pump and air compressor.
Unpleasant smell when working. It is better not to use the burner in premises where people or farm animals are permanently staying, or it will be necessary to ensure reliable removal of combustion products.

In general, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages, and the Babbington burner is gaining in popularity.

Used oil, during combustion, emits as much heat as diesel fuel, while it costs 2-3 times cheaper.

The waste oil boiler burner has a unique design that provides the most complete combustion of fuel and the minimum amount of non-combustible residue falling out in the form of soot. The heat transfer of the boiler equipment and its efficiency depend on the efficient operation of the burner.

How the waste oil burner works

The burner design consists of several units, each of which has its own functional purpose:

Oil burners for waste oil heating boilers are generally versatile and can operate on any other type of fuel.

What types of waste oils are suitable

There are several types of waste oils that can be burned in oil boilers. For the operation of the heat generator, the following are suitable:

Transformer oil- the optimal type of fuel, due to its low viscosity and high purity of the composition. For heating, it is rarely used, since after being used in a transformer, it is processed into other products.
Motor oil - more often than other types of mining, is used for the operation of boilers. Additionally, transmission oil is used. The viscosity of the fuel is average. For normal boiler operation, a high-quality filtration system is required. The mining contains a large percentage of impurities and small metal fractions.
Industrial oil- mining, drained from machine tools, pumps, textile machines. The fuel has a low viscosity and practically does not contain any impurities.

The burner for burning waste oils, in addition to the types of mining listed above, is capable of operating on kerosene and crude oil. For heating, refried vegetable oils are suitable.

Compressor testing is not recommended. The oils are poured into refrigeration and turbocompressor machines. The development is distinguished by low viscosity and a large percentage of impurities, which leads to increased soot formation, frequent replacement of filters on the fuel line and injector.

The principle of operation of the burner during mining

The device and the principle of operation of the burner during mining is associated with forced heating and partial evaporation of fuel. After the fuel is supplied to the burner device, it is directed to the preliminary preparation chamber, where it is heated to the required temperature and oxidized.

Combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place in a flame. For the ignition of the air-fuel mixture, the electrodes located directly in front of the spray nozzle are responsible.

To maintain the intensity of combustion, the turbulence of the air currents created by the fan blades is used. The principle of operation of the burner is identical to devices operating on diesel oil or liquefied gas.

There is a certain classification of burners according to the type of power regulation. The consumer is offered burners of the following type:

Single stage burners- have a simple design and principle of operation. Heating of the coolant is carried out at 100% power mode. When the required temperature is reached, the burner simply turns off until the coolant cools down to the set values. After that, combustion resumes.
The principle of operation used in a single-stage burner is ineffective and leads to a significant overconsumption of fuel.
Two stage burners- modules operating in constant mode without shutdown. The heating principle is as follows. The burner works at 100% until the heating medium reaches the required temperature. After that, it switches to a reduced power of 30 or 40%. The burner does not switch off completely.
Sliding two-stage and modulating burner blocks have a similar operating principle.

The cost of two-stage and modulating burners is quite high, but the costs are fully paid off due to the savings in fuel combustion, reaching 15-20% compared to single-stage counterparts.

Preparation of mines for combustion in a boiler

By itself, the oil does not burn well, when burned under normal conditions, it emits a large percentage of soot and soot. The mining contains debris, metal inclusions. To normalize operation, the burner has two important components:

Filtration system- the used oils are purified before incineration. The filter is installed on the fuel supply line and before feeding to the injector. The filtration system is ineffective if highly contaminated viscous oil is being burned. The filters quickly become clogged, causing the boiler to shutdown.
Preheating chamber- working off, before feeding to the nozzle, needs to be heated. Oil brought to a certain temperature is easier to ignite and burns with a minimum non-combustible residue, in the form of soot.

Organization of oil supply to the burner

Waste oil automatic burners use the forced-feed principle. Such a device is more effective than the drip method used in homemade boilers.

A pump is responsible for the fuel supply in automatic burners. A pressure is created in the fuel line, under which the heated waste is supplied to the nozzle and sprayed. At the same time, a fan is running, creating a swirl of air currents with its blades. Fine dust injected into the combustion chamber is coiled and ignited to form a flame.

Excess oil is diverted back to the fuel storage. The well-coordinated work of all units is ensured by the boiler automation, which simultaneously controls the pump, nozzle, and recirculation system.

Ignition and fire maintenance system

Empirically, it has been proven that the optimal combustion temperature of the waste oil flame is approximately 180 ° C. With such an intensity of combustion, the mining burns out completely, practically without smoke residues and soot.

There are several systems in the boiler that make it possible to ensure that the combustion temperature reaches the specified parameters:

Pre-preparation block- in the chamber, the engine oil is heated to 80-90 ° C.
Turbine - combustion intensity is achieved by continuously pumping air into the combustion chamber.
Ignition - electric ignition is carried out. Immediately behind the nozzle, there are two electrodes that automatically ignite the air-fuel mixture.

Increased formation of soot indicates a malfunction of one of the blocks of the ignition or fire support system.

How to choose a burner for used oil

When selecting a burner module, you will need to correctly calculate its power and select the brand of the manufacturer. Experts recommend paying attention to a few more details:

Pre-heating unit- this unit somewhat increases the heat generator's need for electricity, but improves the heat transfer and efficiency of the burner. The heating block works like a heating element heater.
Nozzle design- a module responsible for the formation of a finely dispersed air-fuel mixture. According to the principle of fuel supply, injectors are divided into hydraulic, mechanical and electronic. The latter are distinguished by high thermal efficiency.

Calculating the correct burner output

In fact, the calculation of the burner power is carried out according to the boiler in which the module is planned to be installed. Increasing or decreasing performance is unacceptable. It is forbidden to install a 25 kW burner in a 10 kW boiler. The simplest solution would be to buy a burner for the power of the boiler.

The calculation of the power of the heat generator is performed according to the formula 1 kW = 10 m2. For convenience, manufacturers indicate the overall heat dissipation of the burner, including the average and maximum heated area.

Burner brands for mining

In the EU countries and America, systems for the disposal of used oils have been developing for a long time. Burners of European or American companies are considered to be the most economical, meet the standards and operating conditions in the Russian Federation. Korean burners have also proven themselves well in domestic operating conditions.

The most popular are burner devices for development, the following manufacturers:

USA and Canada:
- EnergyLogic,
- CAEQ.
Germany:
- Euronord EcoLogic,
- Giersch.
Italy:
- Ecoflam,
- Master MB.
Korea: Olympia AL.
Austria: Kroll.
China:
- Smart Burner,
- NORTEC WB.
Poland: Hiton.

As for the burners being tested, the quality of American and Canadian products is unrivaled. German and Austrian modules are traditionally of high quality and reliability. I choose Korean burners because of their versatility and affordable cost.

Chinese and Polish burners are produced in approximately the same quality and are a good option for heating small rooms.

A waste oil burner is an economical and efficient device that allows you to get cheap heat, in fact, from "waste".

I present to your attention an article about such a useful thing as a working burner. You will learn about the types, design, principle of its operation and much more. For those who have their own workshop, garage or work space, it will become an irreplaceable thing, in addition, it runs on spent fuel. The burner can also be installed in boilers, stoves and water heaters.

If you decide to make a burner yourself, this article will provide useful information for you as well.

Nowadays, waste oil burners are a type of equipment that is needed by almost all heating systems in technical or industrial premises.

Waste oil burners are installed in boilers and furnaces, water heaters, heat generators.

Disposal of used engine oil (waste) is a rather serious problem all over the world.

At the same time, the energy potential of mining is high; burning it, you can get a lot of heat, incomparably cheaper than from any other energy source.

The question of how to make a burner for working with your own hands is of interest not only to those professionally associated with the auto industry - the reserve of working out will help to save a significant amount on heating utility rooms in a private household.

For heating living quarters, the mining is completely unsuitable due to the initial additives contained in it in the engine oil and impurities that have got into it during operation.

However, mining is a very specific fuel, and any other liquid fuel burner will not work on it.

Waste oil burners are designed for burning waste oil in hot water boilers, process plants and warm air generators.

It is combined and successfully uses waste oils, diesel fuel and vegetable oils as fuel, which is very convenient from the point of view of operation and allows you to reduce the cost of maintaining several types of burners.

Thanks to a wide range of capacities (from 24 kW to 595 kW), they fully satisfy any consumer needs.

In terms of performance, the burners operate on waste oil and are regulated within various limits.

The fuel for the burners can be diesel, it is also possible to use vegetable oils and various types of processed oils, with a viscosity of up to 90 units.

Among other things, the burners are very convenient to use, as they do not require adjustment when changing from one type of fuel to another.

Varieties of burners and their scope

The burners are a unique, complete system suitable for steam and hot water boilers and steam generators from most manufacturers.

Burners can be divided into several types:

Lighting.
Welding.
Heating.

According to the fuel used, they can be:

Gas.
Liquid fuel.
Combined.

The burners are classified according to the regulation in operation with the boiler:

Modulating burners.
Single stage burners.
Two stage burners.

Burners are used:

for heating water in boilers;
for water heating service station;
for water heating of warehouses;
for water heating at home;
for water heating of a summer residence;
for heating greenhouses;
for heating the air in the bath;
for heating air in drying;
to get steam;
for drying sand;
for drying alumina;
for firing ceramic products;
for firing bricks;
for melting aluminum;
for drying titanium sponge;
and many more nodes.

Waste oil burners

The burner performs several functions: fuel preparation and combustion.

Its design consists of several elements:

fuel tank;
fuel pump;
fuel filter;
burner (nozzle);
compressor;
connecting pipelines.

The burners can operate with the following fuels:

Diesel fuel.
Kerosene.
Waste machine and technical oils.
Light heating oil.
Refried vegetable oils.
Liquid animal fats.
Raw oil.
Synthetic (pyrolysis) fuel.

Principle of operation of waste oil burners

Oil burners are also called injectors. Their work is based on the principle of injection. That is, a strong air flow is created through the nozzle and a vacuum is formed in the fuel supply line, due to which oil flows into the combustion chamber and mixes it with air.

Fuel preparation.

Before entering the burner, the fuel is filtered in a fuel filter and preheated in a special chamber. This is necessary to reduce the viscosity of the oil.

For the burning of mines, the preheating is 80-900C. Fuel preheating temperature control is carried out in automatic mode.

Fuel supply.

Fuel from the tank is pumped out by the fuel pump. Its intake is carried out from the surface of the mirror of the flammable liquid. This is due to the fact that mining may have mechanical impurities or water, which settle at the bottom of the tank.

Combustion process.

To maintain the combustion process, a certain amount of oxygen must be present in the combustion chamber. The air that is used for vacuum and fuel supply is called primary air, and it supports the combustion process, but this is not enough.

An additional fan supplies secondary air. The intensity of the fan is regulated by a damper and participates in the operation of the automation system.

Fuel ignition.

To carry out automatic ignition of a liquid fuel boiler, an ignition transformer and electrodes are used. The fuel is mixed with a jet of air and atomized into small droplets. Then it is fed into the combustion chamber and ignites under the influence of high temperature.

Advantages and disadvantages of a liquid fuel burner

This equipment has a lot of advantages, the main of which are:

Ease of DIY manufacturing and operation.
Widespread distribution of drawings for the manufacture of devices.
The cheapness of waste oil used as fuel.
These devices are perfect for transport organizations and companies where there is a lot of testing. Thus, it is possible to dispose of the waste and heat the premises.
Efficiency and functionality of devices.
Device mobility.

Despite the listed advantages, the burner also has a disadvantage. It is quite demanding on the quality of the used oil.

DIY burner

For those who run their own auto repair shop or simply have large stocks of used oil, the creation of a burner will be an indispensable thing.

The burner described below can be operated with waste oil, and the oil can be mixed with water or even sawdust. This will allow you to easily heat the garage or other room with used oil.

The principle of operation of the device is very simple.

The oil flows over the spherical surface, forming a thin film on it. There is an opening in this surface through which combustible gas or ordinary air is supplied under pressure. The air will spray the oil and ignite it in the oven.

A simple heating system is provided to help spray oil more efficiently during the cold season.

A homemade waste oil burner can be made according to one of the following systems:

Ejection supercharged.

The ejection burner ensures complete combustion of the fuel and the minimum possible amount of by-products in the exhaust gases. The flame is hot, over 1200 degrees, the fuel consumption is minimal for this class of devices (see also at the end). Homemade power - 1.5-100 kW.

Adjustment of the power (modulation) of the burner is possible in the entire specified range. It is without restrictions applicable for technological purposes, and in exceptional cases it is applicable for temporary heating of residential premises, if the furnace door of a regular heating stove or boiler goes out into a non-residential area - into a hallway, closet, furnace, etc.

Spray injector (Babington burner).

The Babington burner is a unique invention designed to burn waste oil without preliminary purification.

The main part of a conventional oil burner is a nozzle through which oil is atomized and mixed with the combustion air. If there is contamination in the liquid fuel, the injector can become clogged. Therefore, high demands are placed on the quality of diesel fuel.

What can we say about working off, in which the amount of dirt just rolls over? It is impossible to burn it with a liquid fuel nozzle without preliminary cleaning.

It is for this reason that the idea of a Babington burner, with the help of which you can burn any mining, without worrying about its quality, has aroused great interest in almost the entire territory of our country.

Considering the fact that waste oil costs nothing, and, on the contrary, you have to pay for its disposal, it can be assumed that in the near future Babington burners will appear in every garage of our vast country.

Fuel-air free volumetric combustion (cup evaporative burner).

The waste can be burned at all without pressurization and heating, dropping it into a hot bowl. But such devices, more or less decently, work only as part of a boiler or furnace for development, so they are not burners in their own sense.

The easiest way to make a torch is using a small gas can or blowtorch.

To work you need to prepare:

capacity;
welding machine;
grinder;
a piece of 1.5-inch pipe;
a round plate equal to the inner diameter of the pipe;
a piece of wire 6 - 8 mm;
a bolt with a through internal hole for an oil supply nozzle;
a thick round blank for the lid.

The design of such a burner is quite simple. An air supply tube with a hemispherical tip, as well as a waste oil supply tube and a line for removing unburned fuel, must be brought into the body of a home-made waste oil burner.

Installation work order:

For the convenience of work, it is better to draw up an approximate drawing of a waste oil burner at first. This will greatly facilitate the selection and manufacture of parts, as well as the assembly of the entire structure.
The first step is to make a hole in the center of the plug with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pipe.
Next, a hemisphere is welded onto the end of the air supply pipe. Before that, a hole is made in it strictly in the center. Problems can arise with this, since there is hardly a suitable tool in home tools. The solution to this problem is to install a nozzle of the recommended inner diameter.
After the hemisphere is welded to the tube, the latter is welded to the plug. This must be done as carefully as possible so that the air supply tube is exactly in the center of the burner body. Otherwise, the air flow will not fall in the center of the nozzle, but on its walls, which will make the burner ineffective.
Then the plug is screwed into the tee. And with the help of a caliper, the position of the hemisphere is measured. It is in the place where it will be located that a hole is drilled in the body for the fuel supply. It must accurately hit the upper arc in order to drain over the entire hemisphere.
A thread is cut in the hole with a tap to secure the fitting. Then a squeegee is screwed into the outlet of the tee, thereby installing the nozzle. The oil supply pipe to the burner is twisted 2-3 turns around the nozzle and connected to the mining supply system.
The air supply tube is connected to the discharge compressor. A hole must be made in the burner body to ignite the mixture. From below, a branch pipe for removing unburned oil is screwed into the tee.
The waste oil burner can now be tested. To begin with, it is fixed on a special bracket.
To prevent the tests from causing a fire, it is advisable to conduct them in an open area. To begin with, compressed air is supplied to the burner, and then used oil, after which the mixture is ignited. As the burner warms up, its operation should be much more stable.

Summing up the results of the manufacture of the burner, it should be noted that:

The air consumption is very low, only a few liters per hour.
The burner operates on waste oil of any degree of contamination with chips or anything.
The oil consumption is also very low.
It gets much warmer than you might imagine.
Solves the problem of waste oil disposal.
With the right approach to automation, you can get a "Smart House" with automatic temperature control (beneficial for country houses or garages).
It burns completely without soot, very hot: the power is not less than 10 kW.
The air pressure at the nozzle is 2 kg / cm2, if less - does not burn, if more - the flame breaks out.

Thus, it can be seen that with your own hands you can assemble a very powerful burner for testing, which shows itself perfectly: it is economical, high efficiency, relatively easy to manufacture and heats as hellishly cool.

Waste oil industrial burners

A universal industrial burner is a complete system that is installed in a heat generator or boiler and can work with equipment from various manufacturers.

There is a large selection of products on the market, burners, depending on their capacity, are capable of heating both small rooms and private houses, even entire enterprises. There are heating devices of various brands on the market.

You can buy a waste oil burner at different prices, the cost depends on:

from the power of the installation;
brand;
manufacturing complexity;
equipment.

Security measures

Use can be hazardous if not installed correctly or used incorrectly.

In order to protect yourself from fire, you must follow these rules:

In the room where the burner will be installed, it is necessary to decorate the walls and floor with metal or asbestos;
The fuel supply must be kept at a safe distance from the burner;
Oil leaks must be cleaned up on time;
The electrical component of the burner must be properly insulated, this is necessary so that sparks do not fall into the oil spray zone;
The location of the burner must not be exposed to air and drafts;
The mining burner with an open nozzle must never be unattended.

Many craftsmen in their practice are faced with the need for new devices, such as a waste oil burner. For workshop and garage owners, this will replace a stove for heating the premises, especially if there are decent reserves of used oil and other fuels. Burners, if you understand the principle of their operation, can be adapted for mixed fuel.

In the cold season, not only living quarters, but also auxiliary premises need heating. At the moment, devices for heating are used with different types of fuel, including waste or used technical oil. On the Russian market, you can find devices that process different fuel bases, as well as have a narrow specialization. By the type of fuel burned, such devices are:

gas;
on liquid fuel;
combined.

The simplest and most economical device for heating a room is considered to be a working burner. In terms of functionality, burners are divided into 3 subspecies:

welding;
lighting;
heating.

The principle of operation of these devices was borrowed from primitive kerosene gas back in the 50s. Quite quickly, the simplest burners became popular, they began to be purchased for heating country houses and garages. In those days, any fuel was inexpensive, but over time, zealous owners, inventors and innovators began to look for a replacement for gasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene. Fuel oil and waste oil were used, which is now used as a full-fledged fuel. Today, the device is still relevant, moreover, it is an excellent way to preserve the environment.

Important! In the room where any liquid-fueled apparatus will be used, be it a home-made gasoline burner, an apparatus for testing or a diesel fuel burner with your own hands, there must be a fire extinguisher!

Construction of a finished waste oil burner

When buying gas burners and similar equipment, people are often interested in this or that element and its purpose in the overall design. For example, they want to know where the oil should flow from and where, how it ignites, and so on. When they think about how to make a burner at home, looking for a sample for building a homemade analogue, even more questions arise. Most often they are interested in replacing nozzles and oil containers with something suitable from the available tools.

Having at his disposal photos, diagrams and drawings of a waste oil burner, not every master will immediately get down to business. The main reason is the large number of specific details.

Note! It doesn't matter what the device was built from - the principle of operation of all burners is approximately the same: filtered and heated oil is supplied from the main tank and burned in the combustion chamber.

The multicomponent process consists of several stages, and the success of its operation will depend on the quality of the constituent parts of a drip burner on waste oil with your own hands:

collection and filtration of mining;
pumping and heating of purified oil;
combustion process to obtain heat.

Filtration as the beginning of the burner operation during the development

Enterprises that produce ready-made devices operating on liquid fuel or mining are equipped with additional options that purify the oil. These are the so-called intake floats, which take the purest portion of the substance from the surface for heating. This principle of sampling mining is currently inherent in the overwhelming majority of manufactured products belonging to this category.

Further, through a hose made of material that is resistant to an aggressive environment, a portioned supply of waste oil occurs. The tube is usually submerged approximately to the middle of the main tank, so the solid suspension remains at the bottom, and a cleaner layer is used for heating and processing. At this stage, it is possible, without additional efforts, to filter the fuel of a fairly high quality. Dirty impurities, sand and other insoluble components remain at the bottom.

Important! The duration of the operation of the nozzle for the waste oil burner with your own hands largely depends on the purity of the fuel. Therefore, it is worth taking care of at least a rough cleaning of the oil fraction supplied to the furnace.

As you know, filters are single and reusable. Sifting of coarse particles can be done through several layers or filter elements, like in ready-made heating pads from Smart Burner. The traditional configuration of different products is approximately the same: ready-made devices are rarely produced without a filter or elements replacing it.

The small transfer pump is a standard component for the smooth flow of oil. If you organize the supply for a stationary unit according to the principle of communicating vessels, then in a home-made burner it can flow to the nozzle by gravity.

Warming up waste oil before burning it

An equally important stage in preparing the device for operation is the heating of the waste oil before complete combustion to release heat. When heated, the oil becomes more liquid and plastic, as a result of which the optimal consistency is excellently burned.

A preheating tank or heating coil is needed for any do-it-yourself waste oil burner - the drawings show an intermediate location. Usually it is a separate chamber or a small volume capsule hidden in the middle of the body. Purpose - to warm up the fuel as efficiently as possible before the combustion process. Finished products most often have a temperature switch that monitors the heating level. As a rule, they operate in the operating range of 0-150 ° C.

Attention! Burners adapted for combined slurries usually have a heating vessel. Diesel fuel does not need to be heated in self-made diesel burners.

Manufacturers decide differently how to organize this stage. The Gnome burner on waste oil (and other similar models) has a small electric heating element inside the tank, which is responsible for heating the mining to the desired level. In the same way, as in this case, each manufacturer decides in his own way and the issue of oil supply. Float switches and pumps are often responsible for the flow rate. The system switches itself off when the preheating tank is full.

Compressed air supply for waste oil disposal

Compressed air is required to prepare the oil mixture for combustion by spraying it. This transport is directed to the nozzle, which is carried out under pressure. Due to the supply through a separate channel, oxygen ensures the combustion process in any device, including a do-it-yourself Babington burner on waste oil. Although the device was originally patented as running on diesel fuel, it was also adapted for industrial oil.

Successful air delivery requires a mini-compressor built into ready-made oil fired fixtures. It can be transported in other ways, for example, according to the pneumatic principle. In the absence of compressed air, the nozzle may not work correctly.

Helpful advice! The working pressure is monitored by a small pressure gauge, thus maintaining the parameters necessary for the full operation of the entire apparatus.

Air flow regulation is provided by a special solenoid valve on the body. The expensive equipment also includes air filters for air purification. They will be useful in dusty mini-workshops, boiler rooms or other rooms where the air taken for the combustion process has a lot of impurities. To operate the waste oil burner nozzle with your own hands, you need an adjustable secondary air supply. The following burner parts are responsible for the synchronous operation of all units:

nozzle (nozzle);
fuel compartment;
heating tank;
air supply valve;
oil supply regulator;
pressure gauge (it may not be there);
blower (fan).

In ready-made apparatuses, ignition is provided by electrodes. Compressed air is supplied through an air duct, from there it enters the nozzle. Waste oil also goes there after heating. If the nozzle is clean, it produces a high-quality ignition of fuel, suggesting the appearance of an even continuous flame.

What is Babington's famous invention

Each invention has its own author, even if his name is undeservedly forgotten by descendants. For example, the British inventor Robert Babington received a patent in 1969 for a diesel-fueled stove that resembled a kerosene-fired light kerosene gas. The design of Robert Babington was originally designed for kerosene, then it was adapted for diesel fuel. When the number of cars increased disproportionately, the used oil had to be somehow disposed of. Therefore, innovators were looking for devices suitable for these purposes.

First, on the basis of R. Babington's patented invention, a do-it-yourself diesel burner appeared, then it was adapted for burning oil and other types of fuel. The device, functioning in development, appeared much later than the diesel design, but in terms of popularity and safety it surpassed its predecessor.

After a while, a similar device was proposed anew, since the first patent had expired, and the liquid fuel furnace did not lose its relevance. Similar devices were repeated in different versions, while not only self-taught craftsmen, but also design bureaus of reputable enterprises tried to assemble the Babington burner with their own hands.

By its constructive solution, the burner belongs to simple devices, therefore it is successfully manufactured at home. It is distinguished by a fairly high efficiency in terms of generating heat required for heating:

technological installations;
small workshops;
workshops;
garages;
warehouse and utility rooms.

Helpful advice! You should not adapt a homemade burner with your own hands for heating your home, since burnt oil has a specific smell.

Do-it-yourself burner for working off: the principle of operation

If you look at photos, drawings and drawings, it becomes obvious that secondary oil forms a thin film on a curved surface. Gas or air is fed into the container through the groove under low pressure. After heating, the oil is sprayed with this air stream, ensuring high-quality ignition.

It was this method of ignition that became the basis for inventions that became widespread in home-made apparatuses and drip burners on waste oil, produced at the factory. Waste oil is, in fact, free fuel, used up suspension. Therefore, it is considered more advantageous against the background of other heat sources:

solid fuel and briquettes for homemade;
gasoline and diesel fuel;
electricity;
natural gas;
kerosene;
fuel oil.

Helpful advice! Although mining remains the cheapest basis for generating heat during utilization through incineration, it is still recommended to prepare oil contaminated with impurities - to achieve water settling and filtering out of heavy suspension.

The first devices on kerosene, diesel fuel and oil smoked heavily and gave off an unpleasant odor. Later they offered a do-it-yourself gasoline burner and devices on other combustible raw materials, but an active search was conducted for budget fuel. The oil proved to be a suitable source of heat, but the smoke and smell negated all the virtues. Therefore, all the efforts of the inventors were spent on eliminating the indicated disadvantages of the burner for waste oil boilers. This should have been facilitated by full combustion, heating and filtration of contaminated fuel.

Related article:

Principle of operation and features. Varieties of the device. How to make it yourself. Manufacturers and popular models.

How to build your own apparatus on the principle of a Babington burner: drawings

The principle of operation of a home-made burner, made on the basis of the idea of Robert Babington, is clear from the drawings, where the components of the unit are visible:

used oil reservoir;
pallet for working off;
fuel supply pipe;
small fuel pump for supplying portions of oil;
spraying hemisphere with a small hole;
a heating chamber with a heating element (may not be available).

Note! The nozzle on working off for the organization of the process of even combustion is not an obligatory element. It will be successfully replaced by a nozzle - a small hole for supplying an air jet and fuel. So that it does not clog up, you need to monitor its serviceability.

The used oil evaporates and flows down the hemisphere. These oily vapors mix with the air mass to form a fuel mixture. The remaining oil, which did not have time to be disposed of, flows into the sump, and from there - through a pipe back to the fuel tank.

This unit, based on the Babington patent for burning liquid fuels, is quite simple. Therefore, it is available for reproduction from scrap parts in a home workshop. Success depends on the exact correspondence of the details to their purpose and on the well-coordinated work of all units. Therefore, before making a burner with your own hands, you should carefully calculate all the parameters.

Helpful advice! If we take as a basis any one option, for example, the Gnome burner, using ready-made drawings and recommendations of the masters, it is difficult to make a mistake in the size and functionality of the parts.

Advantages and disadvantages of a do-it-yourself burner

Each technical device has a number of useful qualities and disadvantages. Obviously, this device has more pros than cons. The main advantage is the utilization of waste materials with the greatest benefit. Other advantages of equipment for the disposal of oils and liquid fuels:

burning mining contributes to the preservation of the environment;
ease of use and high energy efficiency;
the manufacture of the device is available in ordinary household conditions;
obtaining heat at a minimum cost of raw materials;
a simple scheme for the manufacture of a structure, understandable drawings;
a homemade device can be made from improvised means;
use in workshops and at enterprises where a lot of processed raw materials are accumulated that require disposal;
the small dimensions of the burner allow it to be moved if necessary;
mining and the lowest-grade oil go to the furnace;
functionality of the device;
relative fire safety;
reuse of used oil.

Disadvantages:

not recommended for summer cottages and living quarters due to burning and smell;
the need to equip the premises with a fire extinguisher;
it is imperative to follow all the recommendations for the manufacture of the burner;
the nozzle or nozzle should be periodically checked (whether the holes are clogged with solid particles);
sensitivity of the nozzle or nozzle to dirt;
additional power supply of the components of the apparatus (pump, compressor).

How to make a burner with your own hands according to diagrams and drawings

The burners obtained on the basis of the invention of Robert Babington have undergone numerous revisions and upgrades. Hence the discrepancies in different drawings, diagrams and illustrations. The chosen option needs to be carefully studied in order to exclude constructive errors.

Helpful advice! You should not make an average version of the burner for the disposal of waste oil. It is better to use one proven apparatus based on the suggestion of an experienced rationalizer.

Tips and tricks from other craftsmen can also be useful for making certain elements and nodes. The suggested explanations, which are taken from one of the specialized forums, deal with the following details:

a metal hemisphere (can be made from anything, including a piece of a brass doorknob or a spherical nut);
a steel threaded tee for connecting two-inch pipes (instead of it, you can take a cross with the same parameters);
10mm copper tube suitable for fuel supply;
for the nozzle you need a metal pipe squeegee with an external thread (up to 200 mm);
a metal tube with a diameter of 10 mm, supplied to the nozzle, is useful for air supply;
it is better to dock the channels with the body with threaded fittings of a suitable size;
the main flow of mining will be carried out by a small pump with a simple motor (from a motorcycle or car).

Helpful advice! It is recommended to use a compressor from a refrigerator. A small pressure (2-4 bar) is sufficient for efficient operation of the nozzle. Ignition is easy to provide with spark plugs from the car, standing at the nozzle.

The nozzle is a small hole, its size adjusts the power of the homemade product according to the principle of R. Babington. Sometimes several small holes are made in the hemisphere, since one may become clogged or not enough. There is information that 1 hole 0.25 mm in size will provide a burner power in the range of 10-15 kW, which depends on the quality of the raw material being combusted.

In a hemisphere with a finished hole, an air supply channel is fixed through the entrance through the tee. The tightness is ensured by the threaded plug, in which the groove for the tube is drilled. The tee should be soldered to the nipple where the oil supply tube is connected, which requires warming up before disposal. To do this, it is necessary to solder the heating element into the tank, preferably with a thermal relay. A tube in several turns will prepare the oil for feeding into the nozzle.

In order for the air to flow, in addition, 2 grooves of about 8 mm in size must be drilled in the nozzle. First, a nozzle is connected to the tee, then a copper spiral tube, after which it is attached to the fitting. Some of the oil will drain into a settling tank, which for safety is best taken to the side through a pipe. Craftsmen who know the secrets of electronics usually equip the apparatus with a controller and a board for organizing the ignition.

The burner is a versatile design that can be adapted to other types of liquid fuel. Although these devices are commercially available today, their high cost encourages DIYers to do something similar with their own hands. In terms of efficiency, household appliances for burning mining are not inferior to brand new products intended for heating mini-workshops, greenhouses, and small farms.

Updated:

2016-08-15

A do-it-yourself burner is a device available for self-manufacturing, which uses waste oil as a fuel. It is more economical than gas, gasoline or solid fuel. All why? Because the fuel is practically free.

Photo of the burner at working out

How did the first test burner appear? It's all about human ingenuity and an attempt to find a way out of this situation.

Somewhere in the 60s of the last century, our compatriots got the opportunity to purchase a summer cottage plot for little money. A gas heating system is still a luxury for many today, as is equipment for solid fuels.

But there is a plot that needs to be heated somehow in winter. Although gasoline and firewood were cheap at the time, the salaries available to people did not allow them to acquire such solutions. I had to look for a way out of the situation. And if not a gas, not a gasoline burner, then which one?

The principle of operation of the device on spent fuel was already available by that time, since kerogas models were often used. Their essence was the evaporation of kerosene, which was afterburned in a special chamber. The safety level was quite high, but when burning, a fuel-air or rather kerosene-air burner emitted a lot of soot, an unpleasant odor was formed. Such burners are definitely not suitable for a bath.

The burner device on the return line works on the principle similar to kerogas burners. But in order to get rid of the disadvantages of kerosene gas, the design was somewhat improved. As a result, the device began to work in several stages.

A small amount of energy from the fuel was used by the burners to break it down into light, simple fractions, which were the most active. This is a pyrolysis process.
Then these fractions were burned in several successive stages.

Burner advantages and disadvantages

Burner device

The retort burner and babington device are not so common today. Retort burners provide fuel combustion on their surface. But waste oil devices are more efficient.

The advantages of a babington burner include.

Ease of making a do-it-yourself oil burner. The simplest drawings will make it possible to make a burner in a short time and practically from improvised means.
Huge selection of drawings for oil burners. Finding blueprints for a babington device is not difficult just on the net. It remains only to decide which model you choose for manufacturing.
The availability of the fuel used for the burner operation. The babington device runs on waste oil. Such units are often used in industries where there is wide access to used oil. Thus, companies profitably dispose of waste, use it for heating various premises.
High performance and functionality of the babington device.
Oil burner mobility. If necessary, the heating equipment can be moved to another place where heat supply is required.

The benefits of oil burners are truly admirable. But at the same time, do not forget about the disadvantages. There is only one drawback of devices using waste oil - increased requirements for the quality of this oil itself.

The nuances of self-manufacturing

Judging by the external characteristics, the babington device is an empty gas cylinder of compact dimensions, where sections of metal pipes are mounted from below and above. In this case, the fixation is carried out by welding, and the pipe sections are directed opposite to each other;
Inside dimension is about 1 inch. In this case, the walls must be strong enough;
The lower pipe is cut to supply the oil-air mixture to the compartment of the babington device, where the fuel combustion process will take place;
The top tube serves as the bell for your burner. From it comes a high temperature flame torch;
To obtain the air flow blown into the furnace to create a torch, a conventional high-powered vacuum cleaner is often used;
To make a babington burner with your own hands, you need a welding machine, a lathe and an ordinary grinder;
The process of creating a burner for a bath begins from the body. To do this, use any gas cylinder of the required size;
Remove the filling hole, use the template to apply the markings for fastening the pipe sections;
Drill the holes according to the markings;
The straps between the holes are carefully removed. Use a chisel or grinder for this;
File the holes for the pipes with a file so that the fit is as flat as possible;
Insert the tubes into the cylinder, weld them;
Make a hole at the bottom of the pipe, weld on a M16 nut. This hole will serve to supply oil through the nozzle.

How oil is supplied to the device

To make an oil nozzle for a bath burner, use a lathe;
A rod with a smooth shank is used as a base. It will come in handy to secure the waste oil hose;
If you want to make a flexible liner, a thread is cut in this area;
A metric thread is applied to the main part of the rod;
The pipes of the device are selected with a diameter of 16 millimeters;
Drill a hole equal to almost the entire length of the nozzle;
This hole meets the transverse element at the bottom. Its diameter is 3 millimeters;
If you have the skills of a turner, such a part is easily made by hand. If you have no experience, it is better to order from a professional;
The injector will work due to the draining of the used viscous oil from the hole in the transverse part and picking up the fuel by air flows. This allows the oil to break up without droplets, which stimulates a more efficient combustion.

If you need a babington unit for your bath, it is better to turn to specialists who can create effective equipment for you. Although widely available drawings allow many craftsmen to independently make such a burner for a bath.

Air flow

The strength of the torch depends on how intense the air flows will be. Hence - the efficiency of the oil device.

The air regulation system is based on a steel cup with a semicircular bottom and a hole of the desired diameter.
To make such a device, you will need a lathe. But again, it is better to entrust the procedure to an experienced turner.
To regulate the activity of the air flow of the oil device, a round curtain is required. It is mounted on the L-shaped axis with M4 screws.
To firmly connect the outlet pipe where the hose is put on, and to ensure the reliable operation of the valve, a special adapter is used. A slot is provided along its entire length.
When igniting fuel in the device, we gain access to the waste oil chamber through a heavy cover. The cover is mounted on the neck of the body by means of welded hinges. The cover of the oil device must be heavy enough to exclude the possibility of accidental opening during the operation of the burner for the benefit of your bath or other room.
With strict adherence to all the specified instructions for the production of a burner based on waste oil for your bath, the flame turns out to be even, has a purple tint.

Is an oil burner better than a gas burner? It is more economical. This is its main advantage. But what to use for a bath or heating other rooms is up to you. Today there are many effective ready-made solutions for a bath that do an excellent job with their tasks. Oil burners are a slightly different category that has every right to exist.