Ali ibn abu talib is the fourth righteous caliph. Abu Talib was a believer: Shia and Sunni dispute Who was ibn Abu Talib

Ali ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) is one of the most respected Muslims, who made a great contribution to the history of the development of Islam. Many fateful moments in the early years of the spread of the religion of Allah are associated with his personality.

Full name Ali(p.a.) sounds like Ali ibn Abd Manaf ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf al-Qurayshi... Due to the fact that his father bore the nickname "Abu Talib", it was he who was often added to the name of Ali - Ali ibn Abu Talib(r.a.). In addition, he also had several nicknames of his own - Haydar ("lion"), Murtada ("deserved contentment"). The last was given to him by the Prophet himself Muhammad(s.g.v.).

Ali's biography

The date of birth of the 4th righteous caliph falls on about 599 (according to Miladi). According to some sources, he was born inside the Kaaba, which is an extraordinary event, since history knows no other similar case. Ali's father - Abu Talib - was the brother of the father of the Final Envoy of the Most High (s.g.v.) - Abdullah... After Muhammad (s.g.v.) lost his parents, he was brought up in the family of Abu Talib. When he married Khadij(RA), Ali (RA) has already begun to be brought up in their family.

Ali is the first child to convert to Islam. He did it at the age of ten. In this regard, some sources call him the first man who believed in the mission of Muhammad (s.g.v.). However, there are certain disagreements on this issue - someone gives the palm to Zaid ibn Haris (RA), others talk about Abu Bakr (RA).

Unfortunately, there is no consensus among Muslims regarding the heritage of Ali (R.A.). Disputes about its role in the formation of Islam and the development of the ummah after the death of the Prophet (s.g.v.) spilled over into a large-scale one, the manifestations of which can be observed with renewed vigor at the present time.

Merits of the Fourth Righteous Caliph

1. During the resettlement of the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) from Mecca to Medina Ali (r.a.) to save his cousin decided to sacrifice himself and went to sleep in his place. Fortunately, he managed to avoid death, but the very fact of such an action speaks of the degree of respect that Ali (r.a.) showed to the Messenger of the Most High (s.g.v.).

2. The mercy of the worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) brought up Ali (r.a.)... There were family ties between them along several lines at once. On the one hand, they were cousins ​​to each other. On the other hand, Ali (R.A.) married the daughter of the Prophet (S.G.V.) - Fatima. In addition, the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) often emphasized the level of knowledge of Ali (R.A.) of religious issues, his ability to understand the deepest and, accordingly, difficult problems of religion.

3. In the collection of hadiths of the Imam Muslim you can find a saying in which the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) compares Ali (p.a.) withHarun (a.s.), who was the governor Musa(a.s.). The essential difference here is that Muhammad (s.g.v.) is the Final Messenger, after which the teachings of the Almighty will no longer be subject to correction through a new prophetic mission. This hadith is often used by the Shiites to substantiate their vision of Ali (R.A.) as the heir to Muhammad (S.G.V.) and the main contender for the post of Caliph. Some Shiites take a very radical position and reject the right to occupy the post of head of state of Muslims by the three righteous caliphs who preceded Ali (R.A.). However, most Islamic theologians disagree with this position. They note that Harun (as) was the governor of Musa (as) during his lifetime. If we follow this logic, then the right to the caliphate should have a greater degree Abdullah ibn Maktum, whom the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) often left in his place as the administrator in Medina. It is also noteworthy that Harun (as) died before Musa (as). That is, in this case, it is impossible to build a direct analogy with Ali (R.A.) and Muhammad (S.G.V.).

5. Ali (RA) was among those ten Muslims to whom the Paradise abode was also promised (according to hadiths from Ahmad, Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maji).

Death of Ali

Ali ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) dies at the age of 63 after being attacked by a Kharijite Abdurrahman ibn Muljim... This happened on Friday, the 21st day of the month of Ramadan. At the time of the murder, the fourth righteous Caliph of Islam was engaged in waking Muslims for morning prayer. He was buried in the city of Najaf (the Muslim cemetery of this city is shown in the photo), which is located on the territory of modern Iraq. At present, at the site of his grave, there is a mosque named after Ali (r.a.) himself. His reign lasted 4 years.

Ali (602-661) - the fourth "righteous" caliph (from 656 goad) in the Arab caliphate; came from the Quraish tribe. Follower, associate, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad (husband of his daughter Fatima). He was elected caliph in the midst of a popular uprising in Medina, during which Caliph Osman was killed (656). Relying on the democratic layers of the Arab tribes, Ali fought against the Quraysh nobility. However, Ali could not succeed in the war with Muawiya, the governor of Syria and the leader of this nobility, which led to a split among the followers of Ali - Shiites. The most consistent opponents of the aristocracy, the Kharijites, who stood out, killed Ali. Many legends have been created about Ali in Muslim, especially Shiite, literature.

Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN - AYANA. 1961.

Literature: Sarasin W., Das Bild Alis bei den Historikern der Sunna, Diss., Basel, 1907; Levi della Vida G., Il califfato di Ali, secondo il Kitb al-asraf di al-Baladuri, "Riv. Degli studi orientali", Roma, 1913, anno 6, fasc. 2.

The fourth "righteous" caliph

Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Murtada ("Desirable"), Abu-l-Hasan (about 600-21.01.661) - the fourth "righteous" (Rashidun) caliph (from 656), the first Shiite imam. The son of Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib (not late 539–619) and Fatima bint Assad, who belonged to the Hashim clan of the Meccan Quraish tribe, Ali was a cousin (on his father's side) of Muhammad. From the age of 7 he was brought up in the family of the future prophet of Islam and was one of the first (according to the Shiite version - the second, after Muhammad's wife, Khadija) unconditionally accepted the new faith (610). In 623, Ali married Muhammad's youngest daughter, 17-year-old Fatima (606-632 / 33), who bore him three sons - al-Hasan (624 / 25-669), al-Hussein, Muhsin (died in infancy) and two daughters - Zainab and Umm Kulthum. After Fatima's death, Ali married 8 or 9 more times and had numerous offspring, but his sons al-Hasan and al-Hussein and their descendants played the most prominent role in the history of Islam. Ali was close to Muhammad throughout his prophetic career and took part in all the affairs of the Muslim community (ummah). Before the battle of Badr (624), he defeated the pagan al-Walid ibn Utbu in traditional single combat and distinguished himself in the battle itself. For the courage shown in this battle, he was nicknamed "Asadullah" ("The Lion of Allah") and was rewarded with the sword "Zu-l-fagar" ("Possessing vertebrae"). In the battle of Uhud (625) he personally protected the Prophet. During the conquest of Mecca (630) he was the standard-bearer of the Muslims.

Ali's position regarding the election of Abu Bakr as caliph after the death of Muhammad (632) is not entirely clear. According to one of the versions, Ali did not take part in the elections of the "Deputy Messenger of Allah", as he was busy preparing the funeral of the Prophet and swore allegiance to Abu Bakr only six months later. According to other sources, Ali was opposed to the election of Abu Bakr, but was forced to agree with his candidacy, supported by the majority of Muhammad's associates. When, before his death (634), Abu Bakr called on the Muslims to swear allegiance to Omar ibn al-Khattab, Ali was again deprived of power. During the reign of the second "righteous" caliph (634-644), Ali was one of his closest advisers and did not take direct part in the first Arabs. conquest campaigns. After the death of Omar, Osman (644–656) became the caliph, who carried out political protectionism, which caused discontent among the representatives of the Omeya clan, which swept wide layers of Muslims. Under these conditions, Ali was seen by many as an ideal ruler. In April 656 near Medina, militias from Egypt, Kufa and Basra, who opposed the Caliphate of Uthman and demanded his abdication, became camped. Ali did not openly support the goals of the opposition, but he also could not keep the rebels from killing the third "righteous" caliph (June 656). Ali (24.06.656) was proclaimed the new caliph. This exodus caused discontent among some influential Quraysh, and among them: the widow of Muhammad, Aisha bint Abi Bakr (613 / 14–678), prominent companions of the Prophet Talhi ibn Ubaydallah and al-Zubair ibn al-Awam, as well as representatives of the Omeya clan, the main acting whose face was the governor of Syria, Muawiyya ibn Abi Sufyan (? –680). A civil war broke out in the country. Having united and gathered under their banners up to 3 thousand people, the opposition set out on a campaign from the Hejaz to Basra and strengthened in it. Soon Ali came here at the head of a 20,000-strong army. In the unleashed so-called "camel battle" (Dec. 656), the caliph won the victory.

Only Muawiyya remained Ali's main opponent. In the spring of 657, the enemy armies moved towards each other and in mid-May met at the town of Siffin, where a major five-day battle unfolded. The Syrian soldiers resorted to cunning and, attaching the scrolls of the Koran to their spears, called on the Caliph to "follow the Book of Allah" and agree to an arbitration court, which was to resolve the dispute: who, Ali or Mu'awiyya, is more worthy to become the head of the Muslim community and the Caliphate ... Dissatisfied with this outcome of the matter and disillusioned with Ali as a leader, a significant part of his army left his camp. This split among the recent supporters of Ali led to the emergence of the first offshoot in Islam in the person of representatives of the Kharijite religious and political group. The arbitration court did not come to a single decision, and Ali was faced with the need to fight on two fronts. At first, he decided to put an end to the "internal" enemies and on July 17, 658, near the town of al-Nahravan (Iraq), he utterly defeated the army of the Kharijites, which did not add to his popularity among the supporters. The weakening of Ali's position was taken advantage of by Muawiyya, who declared himself the caliph in Damascus (660). The fate of the fourth "righteous" caliph was decided by the hatred of the Kharijites. On January 19, 661, among the few who escaped after the battle of al-Nahravan, the Kharijit Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam lowered his sword on Ali's head in the Kufa mosque. Experiencing unbearable pain and losing consciousness every now and then, Ali lasted two days. Before his death, according to widespread legend, he ordered to tie his body to a camel and bury himself where the tired animal will kneel. After passing 20 km, the camel lay down, and the executors of the last will of the deceased buried the Caliph, making a camp around. This is how the city of An-Najef came into being. According to another version, Ali bequeathed to bury himself in Kufa and make the grave invisible so that the Kharijites could not abuse the body. One way or another, but by the end of the 9th century. the exact location of Ali's grave was considered lost.

After Ali's death, his personality became legendary, and the caliph himself was ranked among the selfless and selfless "knights of Islam", heroes who died martyrically for the faith (martyrdom). Even during the election of the first caliph (632), a group of Muslims stood out who supported Ali's candidacy as the most worthy successor to Muhammad and advocated the transfer of power in the ummah and state by inheritance to the direct descendants of the Prophet from his daughter Fatima. Over time, the supporters of this approach formed into the "Party of Ali" ("Ash-Shiat Ali") and began to be referred to as Shiites.

A. A-G. Aliev.

Russian Historical Encyclopedia. T. 1.M., 2015, p. 286-287.

Caliphate Ali ibn Abu Talib (656-661)

The fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abu Talib, was born in 602 into a noble Meccan family belonging to the Hashim clan. Raised by Muhammad and deeply devoted to the cause of Islam, Ali was one of the six people closest to Muhammad and one of the ten Sahabah of the Prophet. He was sincere and honest, distinguished by a rare scrupulousness in matters of faith, was alien to ambition and acquisitiveness. Ali took part in the battles of Badr, near Mount Uhud, where he received sixteen wounds, and in almost all of Muhammad's campaigns. He entered the history of Islam under the names of the Lion of Allah, the Trustee, the Chosen One.

By the end of the reign of Caliph Uthman Ali ibn Abu Talib was already over fifty. He was a short, plump, very dark-skinned man with a long white beard and large eyes, who, despite his stoutness, was distinguished by extraordinary physical strength.

Even when the first caliph was elected, the supporters of Ali's rights to the caliphate were three Sahaba: Abu Zarr al-Gifari, Mikdad ibn al-Aswad and Salman al-Farisi. In Damascus, Abu Zarr (d. 653), in the presence of the governor of Syria, Muawiyyah, preached against the luxury and greed of Uthman's henchmen and about the right to the caliphate of the representatives of the Prophet's family, that is, Ali and his sons from Fatima - Hassan and Hussein. Muawiyya sent Abu Zarr to Medina to the Caliph Uthman.

Ali's supporter was Abdallah ibn Saba, a Jew from Yemen who converted to Islam and read in the Holy Scriptures. He indicated that each of the former prophets had a helper, washi. Moses has Aaron, Jeremiah has Baruch, Jesus has the Apostle Peter. Muhammad's wasi was like Ali.

The adherents of Ali based the principle of heredity of the highest power in the Caliphate on the fact that the Caliph should come from the family of the Prophet. But this right of Ali was challenged by the descendants of the Umeyi clan and, above all, Mu'awiyya ibn Abu Sufyan, who believed that after Uthman he should become the caliph. In Egypt, Ali was supported by Muhammad ibn Abu Bekr; Basra nominated Talha as a candidate; and Kufa, led by Malik al-Ashtar, sided with al-Zubair. In this situation, Medina was demanded to hold elections for the caliph. Ali expressed his readiness to become the caliph on condition that he is recognized by Talha and al-Zubair. They agreed, although they later stated that they did so under pressure from Ali's supporters.

Eight days after the death of Caliph Uthman, Ali ibn Abu Talib was proclaimed caliph as a result of the elections. Saad ibn Abu Waqqas (d. 677), an associate of Muhammad, conqueror of the Persians, a courageous and straightforward man, did not swear allegiance to him. However, later he did not recognize Mu'awiyya as a caliph either.

Ali began his activity as head of state by dismissing Uthman's henchmen from the main posts in the Caliphate. By this he made himself many strong and powerful enemies. Instead of Ibn Amir, the caliph appointed Usman ibn Huneif as governor in Basra, instead of Abu Musa in Kufa - Ammar ibn Shihab, instead of Ibn Abu Sarkh in Egypt - Qais ibn Saad, instead of Yala ibn Munya in South Arabia - Ubaidallah ibn Abbas. Amr ibn al-As, expecting the governorship in Egypt and not receiving it, immediately went over to the side of Mu'awiyya. After the army and courtiers swore allegiance to Ali, Mu'awiyya began to weave intrigues. The call for revenge for the death of Uthman forced all the Umayyads to rally around him, and the fact that they occupied not the last positions in the Caliphate weakened the position of Ali's supporters. At the same time, the Caliph did not allow himself to respond to opponents in the spirit of Mu'awiyah, and all his actions remained within the framework of the law. In the end, this turned out to be historically more correct, like all the far-sighted, balanced decisions of the Caliph.

Talha and al-Zubair, swearing allegiance to Ali, as they said, under duress, gathered their supporters and moved to Basra. Along with them was Aisha, who, according to the Prophet's companions, could not say anything good about Ali. When the former governor of Kufa Said ibn al-As saw this army, stretching along the road, he exclaimed: "Where are you going? Look over your shoulder - revenge is sitting behind you, on the backs of your camels." He wanted to say that the avengers had to take revenge on themselves first for not protecting the caliph when he was in danger, but hiding in Mecca.

Talha and al-Zubair, entering Kufa, staged a real battle in the city, in which many of Ali's supporters and simply defenders of justice and legal authority died. Ali's calls to resolve the dispute through negotiations were not heard. Finally, the son of the Caliph Hasan arrived in Kufu, accompanied by Ammar ibn Yasir, and announced that Ali had chosen Kufa as the place of his residence, which was transferred to her from Medina. Talha and al-Zubair went to Basra and soon captured it, expelling the governor Ibn Huneif, who joined Ali in Zu-Qar. Soon Ali's supporters who still remained in Basra and Kufa arrived here. Thus, an army was formed, ready to defend the Caliph, numbering up to twenty thousand people. But Ali did not want to fight the Muslims and waited for Allah to enlighten Talhu and al-Zubair, who persistently spread slander and called for revenge for Uthman. Ali agreed to negotiate with the rioters, even when they demanded that all those who supported him be removed from the Caliph, under the pretext that they were also considered accomplices in the Caliph's assassination. With a small detachment, Ali set out for Basra. But during the negotiations, Ali's supporters, who had been left in Zu-Kar, and their fellow tribesmen who had joined them, attacked the camp of Talhi and al-Zubair. The negotiations were thwarted. In this battle at Basra, which received the name "Battle of the Camel" - al-Jamal (Aisha, who was sitting on a camel, was a talisman for the army of Talha and az-Zubair, just as in ancient times such a talisman for those who fought were mobile betils), - Talha and az-Zubair perished, Aisha was captured. Ali, having heard from her streams of abuse and curses, let her go home. After that, Aisha lived in seclusion until 678.

Returning to Kufa, Ali decided to remove Mu'awiyya from the post of governor of Syria for refusing to swear allegiance to the legitimate caliph. He decisively rejected the advice of al-Mughir ibn Shuuba and Abdallah ibn Abbas not to do this and began to prepare for a campaign against the rebellious subordinate.

Irmiyaeva T.Yu. The history of the Muslim world from the Caliphate to the Sublime Port. Chelyabinsk, 2000, p. 103-107.

Read on:

Literature:

Ali-zadeh A. Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 2007. S. 29–31;

Al-Hamidi, al-Husseinan. Righteous Caliphs. N. Novgorod., 2004;

Islam. Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1991. S. 18-19;

Belyaev E. A. Arabs, Islam and Arab. caliphate in the early middle ages. M., 1965;

Bolshakov OG History of the Caliphate. T. 1-3. M., 1989, 1993, 1998;

Companies, Fazlullah. Imam Ali. Qom (Iran): Organization of Culture and Islamic Relations, 1997;

Newby. Brief Encyclopedia of Islam. M., 2007. S. 39-40;

Petrushevsky I. P. Islam in Iran in the VII-XV centuries. 2nd ed. SPb, 2007;

Seyd Abdul-Hussein Sharafoddin. On the leadership of Imam Ali (in letters). [B. m.] :, 1998.

Sarasin W., Das Bild Alis bei den Historikern der Sunna, Diss., Basel, 1907;

Levi della Vida G., Il califfato di Ali, secondo il Kitb al-asraf di al-Baladuri, "Riv. Degli studi orientali", Roma, 1913, anno 6, fasc. 2.

Al-Kufa is an ancient city located south of the Iraqi capital Baghdad, one of the main cities built by Muslims during the reign of Caliph Uumar ibn Khattab, in 17 AH.

Having become the center of command in Iraq and the location of a large military garrison opposing the Persian army, it thereby became a home for Muslim muhajirs.

And in 36 AH - and to the capital of the Caliphate, in connection with the move here of the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), who remained here until the end of his life.

The transfer of the capital of the Caliphate from Medina to Kufa was the most important event not only in the history of the Islamic state, but also the main event that occurred during the reign of Mr. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).

In this city there was a small house in which Caliph Ali lived with his children and in his yard there was a well, from which the family used water, and which has survived to this day.

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) spent more than four years in this city, moving here the state residence of the amir, which was located in the Al-Jami'a cathedral mosque.

There was also a dock in the mosque to solve the problems of the conflicting parties.

After the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), there was no more eloquent person and better preacher than Ali ibn Abu Talib.

During the sermons, the hikmat poured out from the tongue of this sage, filling the ears and hearts of people.

On the 19th of the month of Ramadan in the 40th year of the Hijri, an attempt was made on Li in the minaret of this mosque.

From here the children took him home before he took his last breath. Inside his house there is a small bench on which Ali was laid. On it, he died two days after the assassination attempt.

Here he was washed. The burial place was carefully hidden. They say that before his death, he hung his sons, Hasan and Hussein, to bury him in a certain place in Najaf, which is 10 kilometers from Kufa.

Since the actions for his burial were strictly classified, this place remained unknown for decades, and no one knew about it, except for the closest and relatives.

The reason for this secrecy was the fact that the hawarijis (may Allah reward them with what they deserve), one of whom, named Abdurrahman ibn Muljim, became Ali's murderer, wanted revenge. Therefore, the companions and residents of Kufa were afraid that if the burial place became known to people, the hawarijis would damage the grave.

When Ali was about 5 years old, his father Abu Talib (the uncle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) became impoverished.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (even before the beginning of the prophecy) invited him to take Ali under his wing, left the boy in his house and raised him. It is to his upbringing that Ali ibn AbuTalib owes his best moral qualities.

As a result of this barakate upbringing, Ali did not share the pagan beliefs prevailing in Mecca and never worshiped idols in his life.

Therefore, mentioning his name, they say: "KARRAMA LLAHU VAJHAHU", i.e. "May Allah magnify his face."

As a child, he noticed the peculiarities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Therefore, long before the Prophet proclaimed his mission, Ali knew and loved him. The news of the prophecy only strengthened those feelings for the Prophet that were in his heart. Therefore, nothing prevented him from believing in him and following him.

Ali remained with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Mecca, enduring with him all the troubles, including the blockade by the Quraysh.

It is known that the Quraysh wanted to kill the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the night when he decided to perform the hijra in Medina. To prevent the enemies from guessing about the absence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), it was Ali who went to his bed, as a result of which the plan of the Quraysh failed. Among all the Companions, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) chose Ali for this, not only because of his courage, but also because Ali had his amanats and was sure that, fearing for their safety, the pagans would not kill Ali.

After performing the Hijra in Medina, Ali continued to play an important role in the life of the Muslim community.

In the second year of the Hijri, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married his daughter Fatima to him and she bore him Hasan, and then Husayn.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called them by these names and rejoiced.

The Prophet's offspring (peace and blessings be upon him) remained only of them (Zuriyat Hasan and Husayn).

Marrying off his daughter, Mrs. Fatima, for Ali, although there were a lot of people who wanted to capture her, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told him: “ She is part of me! What is unpleasant to her is unpleasant to me, and what makes her happy is what makes me happy. She will be your amanat ».

Truly, Ali participated with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in all battles, performing heroic deeds. In Medina, he was entrusted with many important tasks.

He said: “In the midst of the fiercest battles, we sought protection near the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), we hid behind him. And none of us was closer to the enemy than he was. After all, he is the best of the warriors, who knows his job.

To this day, traces of Ali's stay in the Khandak area have been preserved, indicating the role he played, being on the front line in the battles that took place here.

Descending from the al-Fatah mosque, in which during the battles of Ahzab (or Khandak) the headquarters of the Prophet's command (peace and blessings be upon him) was located, we came to the mosque named after Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), located in that place, where he commanded one of the regiments.

It was here that a handak (i.e. a wide trench) was dug, which had such an important meaning in that battle. Ali played a very important role in this battle, proving himself to be a real hero.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then asked the companions: "Who will take this sword from me, deserving it?" promising me to fight enemies until he breaks him.

And the one who took this sword from his hands was Ali ibn Abu Talib. Ali (May Allah be pleased with him and karramahu wajahagyu) showed his might in the battle at Khandak when he killed Aamr ibn Wud al-Amiri, who jumped over the moat in side of the Muslims, thereby challenging them. It was the pinnacle of heroism shown in that battle.

This is the mosque named after Ali ibn Abu Talib (karramahu wajahahu).

Ali also became famous for writing down after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him. Wahyu. It was he who wrote down the text of the peace treaty "Sulhul Khudaibiya" and witnessed its conclusion.

In the 8th year of the Hijri, Ali went to Yemen, where he spent one year. A reminder of his stay there is a mosque bearing his name in the current capital of Yemen, Sana'a.

It is known that the inhabitants of Yemen became Muslims peacefully, voluntarily, without bloodshed. They adopted the religion of Allah in droves.

Companions were sent to them in order to fulfill the duties of qadis (i.e. Sharia judges), as well as to explain and spread Islam.

After the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Companions were divided into two groups: Ali performed his ablution and with the Prophet's family, peace and blessings be upon him) began to prepare for the funeral, and others stood up to defend the unity of the Islamic ummat, so he did not join those who gathered in the place of Sakif Banu Sagid, who decided to appoint Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) as caliph.

Later, Ali, like the others, took an oath to Abu Bakr (or an oath to obey, that is, bay'at).

Ali played an important role during the reign of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them). They consulted with him when making various Sharia decisions, passing judgments.

Once Umar even said: "If it had not been for Ali, then Umar would have disappeared."

Ali had good relations with all the caliphs: with Abu Bakr, and with Umar, and with Uthman.

He viewed himself as their assistant and sought to facilitate their duties as rulers.

When the turmoil arose, in which Uthman fell a martyr, Ali was ready to sacrifice his sons Hassan and Husayn, wanting them to guard the Caliph and resist the chaos that arose through the fault of the troublemakers who flocked to Medina.

Before the death of Umar, 6 people were selected for the election of the caliph, including Ali. After consulting, they decided to choose Uthman as caliph. Ali, together with everyone else, gave "buy'at" to him, becoming one of his confidants.

And when Uthman was killed on the 18th of the month of Zul-Hijja in 35 A.H. Uthman, Ali was appointed Caliph.

After the assassination of Uthman, all the Ulama and other companions unanimously decided that there was no better person in the whole Ummata. He (may Allah be pleased with him) was the closest relative of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had extensive knowledge of the Koran and the Ilmu, participated in all ghazavats, always showing heroism performed the hijra, he was the first of the children to convert to Islam.

And the entire ummah agreed without a doubt that he was the one worthy to become the leader of the Muslims.

After being elected Caliph, Ali began to be called by various nicknames, for example, "Amir-ul-muokikminin" (leader of the faithful) or "Imam" (ie, the primate at prayer).

Over time, the last nickname became like his own name, so often he was attached to the name Ali, for he was a real imam. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) really became an imam in all respects: an imam for fear of God, an imam for the knowledge of an ilm, an imam for dignity, an imam for being ahead in Islam (his acceptance), an imam for his closeness (kinship) to the Prophet (peace be upon him and blessing) by the imam in attack and retreat, in battle and in adjudication of the court, and in many other things.

During the reign of Ali in the caliphate, a lot of work was done to strengthen the cities and the state as a whole. In particular, the police were created, centers were opened to serve people whose rights were somehow violated.

Such centers were called "dar-ul mazalim" ("houses of the oppressed") and served as models for the restoration of justice, returning property taken away dishonestly.

There is no doubt that his rule of the caliphate, based on justice, was impeccable. His actions were similar to those of the predecessor caliphs.

He also went to the bazaars and inquired about the affairs and problems of merchants and other residents for whom he was responsible to the Almighty.

D.p .: However, in those 5 years and several months that he was in power, problems appeared inevitable for every ruler with the opposition.

The members of the group that opposed Mr. Ali, of course, were unjust. This is the unanimous opinion of the learned Ulama, and this is evidenced by the hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "O Ali, you will be killed by a group of unjust people."

Those who followed Ali were just. Truth was on his side, and he himself undoubtedly deserved the position of ruler. But still, his fate was predetermined by Allah.

And we must not interfere with what happened between the Companions.

When Ali was asked: “What do you say about the inhabitants of Sham, i.e. about Mu'awiya and his followers? " he answered with words that I think we all need to remember and follow. This is an example of how to deal with those who oppose us when the situation becomes tense and can lead to the shedding of blood.

He said:

“We are one, and we have one Lord, and one Prophet,

And there is one Book (i.e. the Koran), and the Qibla is also one!

And with this disagreement we do not strengthen their iman, and they do not strengthen ours. "

Those. the disagreement between us arose not because of the foundations of our religion, not because of our faith, but because of the shed blood of Uthman and the methods of solving secondary issues. At that time, an incident occurred between him and Mu'awiya to resolve the conflict based on the Koran. This happened near the mountain, which is still called "Tahkim", which means "solution of issues based on the Koran," in the area of ​​the city of Ma'an in the south of Jordan.

The village "Uzrukh" is located 250 km south of Amman, east of the city of Ma'an. This mountain is located on its outskirts.

However, this attempt was unsuccessful, the disagreement did not disappear, and soon there was a battle of Nahrawand with the Hawarij who denied Tahkim's decision and opposed Ali.

Here in Uzruh, two great companions - Abu Musa al-Ash'ari as Ali ibn Abu Talib's representative and Amr ibn Aas on the part of Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufyan met to make a decision based on the Koran.

For after the end of the battle (the battle of Siffin), the warriors of Mu'awiya (may Allah be pleased with him) raised the Koran on their spears (demonstrating that they would agree with the decision made on its basis).

To this day, at the top of Mount Takhkim, the ruins of the Companions' castle have been preserved, confirming this incident between Ali and Mu'aviya.

Yes, Tahkim was carried out, but the information about this event that has come down to us is very contradictory and is divided by researchers into three categories: reliable, “weak” (ie, not confirmed) and invented.

It is certain that the Muslims unanimously decided to elect Abu Musa Ash'ari as the representative of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and Amra ibn Asa (may Allah be pleased with him) - Mu 'avii ibn Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) and consider their decision as binding on all Muslims.

This is precisely the task that was set in the treaty by Tahkim. This is a reliable fact.

Events developed in this way until a man who identified himself as Abdurahman ibn Muljim delivered a treacherous blow to Ali (karrama LLahu wajgyau) with a saber in the mosque of Kufa. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) made every effort to unite the Muslims, but received a mortal wound.

This great man was gifted with his outstanding qualities from Allah. This distinguished him from others, this made him an example to follow for all subsequent generations of warriors and scientists, possessing modesty, piety and benevolence.

May Allah Almighty have mercy on Hasan's father - Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and may he make him pleased with Himself.

The material was translated from Arabic and prepared by the TV company Makhachkala-TV

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "I saw how Jafar flew in paradise with the angels." The hadith was transmitted to Tirmidhi in Sunnan, and Sheikh Albani called it authentic in Sahih Tirmidhi.
We are talking about Jafar ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), the brother of the ruler of the faithful Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Jafar died as a martyr on the battlefield at Mut in the land of Syria, being at the head of the army of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
Mubarakfuri (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote in his book: “Earlier we mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sent his messages to a number of kings and rulers and that Shurahbil ibn Amr al-Ghassani killed al- Harissa ibn Umayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was entrusted with delivering the message of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to the ruler of Busra.
This was tantamount to declaring war, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), who was very upset and angry at the news of the murder of al-Haris, ordered to prepare an army of three thousand fighters for the march, entrusting Zayd ibn Harrisa with command of them, and, saying: "If Zayd is killed, the command will be taken by Ja'far ibn Abu Talib, and if Ja'far also dies, let Abdullah ibn Ravakh command," after which Zayd ibn Haris was handed a white banner.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered the participants in the campaign to get to the place where al-Harith ibn Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him) died, call his assassins to Islam and fight them if they refuse, and said to the soldiers: “Speak in the name of Allah and on the path of Allah and fight those who do not believe in Allah, but do not act treacherously and do not overstep boundaries, do not kill children, women, old people and those who retire in their cells, do not cut down any palms or other trees and don't destroy any buildings! " After that, the army set out on a journey. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) accompanied the warriors da Saniyat al-Widah, said goodbye to them and returned to Medina.
When the Muslims approached Ma'an, which is located in southern Jordan, they received information that Heraclius (the Byzantine emperor), at the head of a hundred thousandth army, was in Ma'an, and, in addition, a hundred thousandth Syrian army arrived to his aid. Arabs. Upon learning of this, the Muslims held a council for two days, deciding whether they should send a messenger to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) with a request for help or to join the battle on their own. Abdullah ibn Ravah (may Allah be pleased with him) began to encourage his comrades to fight, saying that death on the battlefield, which they fear now, was their goal from the very beginning, since they were all ready to give their lives for the faith. He said: "We are not fighting because of strength or numbers, but only because of the religion that Allah Almighty honored us, and in such circumstances we have only two wonderful opportunities: either to win or to fall for this religion!" After listening to him, the people said: "We swear by Allah, Ibn Ravaha is telling the truth!", After which they moved forward, reached Muta and began to prepare for battle.
After a while, a fierce and terrible battle began, the likes of which in the history of mankind were extremely few, because on that day a three-thousandth detachment not only was not afraid to engage in battle with a huge army, numbering two hundred thousand people in its ranks, but also managed to withstand its blows ... Hordes of heavily armed people attacked the Muslims for a whole day, losing many of their best fighters, but could not defeat them.
Zayd ibn Harisha (may Allah be pleased with him) took the banner of the Muslims in his hands and fought for a long time until he died on the path of his Lord. From his hands the banner was taken by Ja'am'far ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), who rushed astride his horse into the thick of the battle. During the battle, both of his hands were cut off, but he continued to press the banner to his chest with stumps of his hands until he died, receiving more than ninety wounds. After his death, the banner was picked up by Abdullah ibn Ravah (may Allah be pleased with him), who after a while also fell on the battlefield.
After that, the banner of the Muslims was taken over by Sabit ibn Arkam (may Allah be pleased with him), who addressed the Muslims with the following words: “Choose your commander!” And they chose Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) as their commander. Thanks to this, the banner of the Muslims fell into the hands of one of the best warriors of Allah, and Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) rushed into a battle that was so hot that as many as nine swords broke in his hands. As for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), on the same day when this battle took place, he informed his companions about the death of three commanders and that Khalid ibn al-Walid took command, whom he called “the sword Allah. "
By the end of the day, the opponents returned to their original positions, and the next day Khalid regrouped his forces, swapping places of the vanguard with the rear guard, and the right flank with the left. As a result of this regrouping, the opponents decided that reinforcements had arrived in time for the Muslims, which instilled fear in them. After a series of short clashes, Khalid began to withdraw his soldiers, but the enemy did not dare to pursue, fearing a trap. The Muslims withdrew to Muta and for seven days held back the onslaught of the enemy, after which the troops were finally disengaged, and the battle ended there, since the Byzantines were sure that fresh forces were constantly arriving at the Muslims, and that they were trying to lure them into the desert. from where they will no longer return. Thanks to this, the Muslims managed, in the end, to tip the scales to their side. " (End of quote from Mubarakfuri).
Such was Jafar (may Allah be pleased with him)! Such were the Companions! By Allah! The hearts of Muslims should be filled with feelings of pride and enthusiasm after reading the story of the battle at Muta.

Another historian, Ibn Hisham wrote: “Abdallah ibn Abu Bakr told me from the words of Umm Issa from the Khuzaa tribe, from the words of Umm Jafar, the daughter of Muhammad ibn Jafar, from the words of his grandmother Asma bint Umays. Asma said: “When Jafar and his companions died, I came to the Messenger of Allah. Before that, I made forty skins, kneaded the dough, washed the children thoroughly, oiled them, cleaned them. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Bring me the children of Jafar." I brought them to him. He smelled them and wept. I asked: “O Messenger of Allah! You are dear to me, like a father and mother! Why are you crying? Maybe something happened to Jafar and his companions? " He replied: "They died today." I started crying loudly. People came running to me. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not forget to prepare food for the Jafar family - they are experiencing the loss of their master!" (End of quote by Ibn Hisham).
There is one important instruction in this passage for modern Muslims. Muslims who are used to opening the table, preparing food, and gathering people on Thursdays when someone close to them dies. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded: "Don't forget to prepare food for the Jafar family - they are going through the loss of their master!" Food should not be prepared for the bereaved family, but for the bereaved family. After all, grief has befallen them this way and so, and it will only increase and lay down an even heavier burden if they are forced to feed a congregation of people, on the third, seventh, every Thursday, then on the fortieth day.

A film about the fourth righteous caliph, the ruler of the faithful, Ali ibn Abu Talib.

ORIGIN ‘ALI
'Ali bin Abu Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, was the son of the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the husband of his daughter Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her, one of the righteous caliphs and one of ten who were promised paradise ... His father's name is Abd Manaf bin Abd al-Muttalib bin Hashim bin Abd Manaf. ‘Ali was nicknamed“ Abu-s-sibtein ”(father of two grandchildren), that is, the father of the prophet's grandchildren, peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, al-Hasan and al-Hussein. Kunya ‘Ali is Abu al-Hasan (father of al-Hasan). In addition, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gave him the nickname "Abu Turab". It is reported that Sahl bin Sa'dand (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
- (Once, when) the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to the house of Fatima, he did not find ‘Ali there and asked:" Where is your uncle's son? " (Fatima) replied: "We had an argument and he got angry with me and left, refusing to sleep with me during the day." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told one person: "Look where he is." (After a while this man) came back and said: "O Messenger of Allah, he sleeps in the mosque." Then the Messenger of Allah, &, came there (and saw) that ‘Ali's cape had fallen from his side, and he himself was lying soiled in dust. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) began to shake the dust off him, saying: "Get up, O Abu Turab, get up, O Abu Turab!"

HOW ALI HAS ADOPTED ISLAM
‘Ali was the first child to convert to Islam. At that time, he lived in the care of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), who raised him and took care of him to help his uncle ease the burden of caring for his children. ‘Ali stayed in the house of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) after the beginning of the prophecy. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) called him to Islam, and ‘Ali came to believe in him when he was 8 or 10 years old.

QUALITY ‘ALI
'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was distinguished by his knowledge and intelligence and gained fame for his eloquence, courage, courage, devotion and unswerving fulfillment of his obligations. He shunned the brilliance of this world, liked to retire at night and preferred simple clothes and coarse food. He respected religious people, was close to the poor and addressed this world with these words: “Your life is short, your society is despicable, and your value is insignificant. Oh, oh, how little supplies, how far the way and how deserted it is! "

MERITS 'ALI
The merits of 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, are numerous, as indicated by the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "You are from me, and I am from you," as well as the words of' Umar bin al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased im: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, being pleased with him."
It is narrated from the words of Sahl bin Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him, that on the day of Khaybar he heard the prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ) victory ".
(Sahl, may Allah be pleased with him, said
- (Hearing this, the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) rose (from their places and dispersed, and everyone) hoped that (the banner would be handed over) to him, and in the morning they went (to the prophet, may bless him Allah and may Allah greet,) and each of them wanted (the banner) to be presented to him, but he asked: "Where is' Ali?" He was told that his eyes hurt, and he told him to call ‘Ali to his place. (When he appeared, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) spat in his eyes, and he immediately recovered, as if nothing had happened to him.

And then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) handed ‘Ali a banner, and through it Allah granted the Muslims victory.

Like other worthy companions, ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was ready to sacrifice his own life and property for the sake of the Islamic call. He was the first who intended to sacrifice himself if necessary for the sake of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). It was he, knowing that the polytheists had conspired to kill the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), went to his bed that night when the prophet left Mecca with Abu Bakr. ‘Ali took part in all the military campaigns of the Muslims, with the exception of the campaign against Tabuk.

BOARD ‘ALI
After the assassination of Uthman, the Muslims elected ‘Ali’ as the caliph, who began to refuse this and expressed a desire to be a wazir, not a caliph. However, other companions insisted on their own, trying to get out of the difficult situation in which they found themselves. The fact is that after the unjust murder of 'Uthman, the rebels not only became the masters of the situation in Medina, but also threatened to kill the councilors (shura), the most prominent associates and all the muhajirs they would be able to capture if they did not find anyone who would agree to become the caliph. They said: “Beware, O inhabitants of Medina! We give you two days and we swear by Allah that if you do not resolve this issue, then the next day we will certainly kill ‘Ali, Talha, al-Zubair and many other people!” When the Ansaras and Muhajirs insisted, ‘Ali considered it his duty to comply with their request and obeyed. On Saturday 19th Dhu-l-hijjah, he appeared at the mosque and climbed the minbar, after which the Muhajirs and Ansars took the oath to him. Among those sworn in were al-Zubair bin al-Avvam and Talha bin Ubaidullah.

THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS RELATING TO THE BOARD OF 'ALI
It was pleasing to Allah that the turmoil continued after the murder of 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, when its new waves, raised with the help of the machinations and cunning of the enemies of Islam, became a test for Muslims, however, in the ordinance of Allah, His wisdom is manifested, and He knows the predetermined AND
After taking the oath, ‘Ali took the following steps:
1. ‘Ali’ dismissed those governors of ‘Uthman, whom the people complained about, as well as those of them who did not agree with the policies of the new caliph.
2. ‘Ali has decided to postpone the punishment of‘ Uthman’s killers until his power is consolidated and he won the support of Muslims from different provinces of the Caliphate

THE ATTITUDE OF SOME SPEEDERS TO THE STEPS OF 'ALI
Some governors obeyed the order of removal, but there were also those who reacted to this disapprovingly. Among them was the governor of Sham, Mu'aviya bin Abu Sufyan, although he recognized the superiority of ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both.
The reason for his disobedience was that he insisted on the need to repay criminals equal (qisas) before taking the oath, which marked the beginning of the disagreement. Thus, everything that happened between ‘Ali and Mu‘ Awiyya was the result of attempts to find an independent solution, and not a consequence of Mu ‘Awiyya’s struggle for power. This is why the adherents of the sunnah and consensus believe that both of them will receive a reward, but the reward of the one who was right will be double, since the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If the judge makes a decision with diligence, and ( his decision) turns out to be correct, he (is entitled to) a double reward, but if he makes a decision, showing diligence, and makes a mistake, then he (is entitled to one) reward. "
The haters of Islam have exploited these differences in two regrettable battles between Muslims, in which representatives of each side fought for what they thought was right.
The first was the so-called “camel battle”, which took place in 36 A.H./56 A.D. The reason for it was that 'Aisha, Talha and al-Zubair, may Allah be pleased with them, accompanied by many people went to Basra, wanting to achieve reconciliation and an end to the turmoil that arose after the election of the caliph 'Ali. They did this because the Quran says: “There is no good in many of their secret conversations, unless someone calls for giving alms, doing what is approved, or reconciling people with each other
Upon learning that ‘Aisha was on his way to Basra’ ‘Ali, at the head of his troops, came forward to meet her, wishing to achieve reconciliation. An indication of this is that when someone asked ‘Ali,“ What do you want and where are you going? ” - he replied: "As for our desires and intentions, they consist of reconciliation, if those who are with‘ Aisha agree. " The man asked, "What if they disagree?" ‘Ali said," We will hear their excuses, pay tribute to them and leave. " The man asked, "What if they disagree?" 'Ali said, "We will not touch them until they touch us." The man asked, "What if they don't leave you alone?" ‘Ali said," We will defend ourselves against them. " The man said, "Then fine!" After a while, ‘Ali had a meeting with‘ Aisha and those who were with her. At this meeting, they reached an understanding, after which both armies spent the night peacefully in their camps. However, those who fueled the flames of unrest, namely Abdullah bin Saba and his henchmen, feared that if the parties finally came to an agreement, it would pose a threat to their safety. At dawn they split into two groups, one attacking the ‘Ali’s camp and the other attacking‘ Aisha’s camp. In both camps, people who thought they had been deceived took up arms, and a fierce battle broke out between them. It went on until the camel, on which ‘Aisha sat in the palanquin, was trimmed at the veins. Her supporters scattered and the battle was over. As for ‘Aisha, she returned to Mecca after‘ Ali, who provided her with everything she needed, walked her to the outskirts of Medina, and ‘Aisha’s brother, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, and his children accompanied her during the day's journey.
The second of the battles resulting from the aforementioned divisions, which were exploited by the haters of Islam, was the Battle of Siffin. We have already mentioned the reason for this disagreement earlier. Before the battle of Siffin, the supporters of ‘Ali and Mu‘ Awiyya, may Allah be pleased with both of them, exchanged messages for six months, and this fact serves as convincing evidence that both of them were not striving for battle, but for reconciliation. The beginning of the battle was preceded by the following events:
1. Skirmishes between the parties, which took place over water sources. In the struggle for these sources, which were under the control of the warriors of Mu'awiyya, ‘Ali supporters won, who succeeded in pushing back the Syrians. However, after that ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, allowed the soldiers of Mu‘ Awiyya to take water.
2. Thereafter, clashes between the parties continued with varying degrees of success. No one could achieve a decisive victory, although ‘Ali had some advantage. Despite the battle that lasted more than one day, the warriors of the opposing sides met with each other at night and conducted conversations.

END OF BATTLE AND BLOOD SPILLING
People who had sincere intentions feared that as a result of all these events, the Muslims would destroy each other, wanted to save them, and sought to end the battle. ‘Amr bin al-‘ As, may Allah be pleased with him, thought about this for a long time, and eventually the thought of an arbitration court came to his mind. He shared his thoughts with Mu'aviyya, who was very pleased with this proposal. After that, his warriors attached the Qur'anic scrolls to their spears and raised them. ‘Ali’s warriors stopped fighting them, and the battle ceased, but when the arbitral tribunal’s decision was made, all the warriors returned to their homes.

DEATH ‘ALI, may Allah be pleased with him
'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, died on the 17th of Ramadan 40 A.H./661, having received a mortal wound inflicted on him by one of the Kharijites named' Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam, who decided that thanks to the murder of the sovereign the faithful, he will draw near to Allah. During the Hajj in 39 A.H. ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam met in Mecca with two like-minded people, and they began to remember everything that happened between the Muslims, saying:" Oh, if only we could kill the leaders of the lost and rid the country of them! " ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam said,“ I will rid you of ‘Ali.” His accomplice al-Bara bin ‘Abdullah said,“ I will deliver you from the Mu-'awiyya, 'and ‘Amr bin Bakr said,“ And I will deliver you from ‘Amr bin al-‘ Asa ”. After that, they agreed that all this would happen in one night, and 'Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam managed to mortally wound' Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, with the poisoned sword when 'Ali went to morning prayer, exclaiming:' Prayer, prayer ! " As for his associates, they did not succeed in killing either Mu'aviyu or Amr bin al-Asa. May Allah show the ruler of the faithful with great mercy and may He reward him with good!

YEAR OF ASSOCIATION
After the death of ‘Ali, the Iraqis took the oath of allegiance to al-Hasan bin‘ Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both. After some time, rumors reached Mu'awiyya that al-Hassan was gathering troops to continue the war with him, and decided to also gather his forces, just in case. In Saheeh al-Bukhari it is reported that al-Hasan al-Basri said:
“Al-Hasan led his mountain-like troops to Mu'manawiyu. ‘Amr bin al-‘As exclaimed:“ Truly, only those like them can resist them! ” In response, Mu '' Aviya said: "Hey,‘ Amr, if these kill those, and those kill these, who will then be in charge of all my business? " After that, he dispatched ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Samur and‘ Abdullah bin ’Amir, the Quraysh of the Banu‘ Abd Shams ’clan, to al-Hasan. He told them: "Go to this man, talk to him and offer to make peace." They came to al-Hasan and began to talk to him, persuading him to peace. To this al-Hasan bin ‘Ali told them:“ Truly, we are the descendants of ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and we have got riches, and this community will soon drown in its own blood!” Then they said, "Muamiyaviya offers you this and that and asks you to accept his offers." Al-Hasan asked: "Who will vouch for this?" They answered: "We", after which he no longer asked them about anything, made concessions and agreed to make peace.
Thus the turmoil ended, and Allah brought the Muslims to reconciliation, which became possible thanks to the mind and piety of al-Hasan bin ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. All this served as a confirmation of the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), which are quoted in Saheeh al-Bukhari. It is reported that Abu Bakra (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
- I saw (who was) on the minbar the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), next to whom (stood) al-Hasan bin 'Ali, and (the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) looked at the people, then on (Al-Hasan), saying: "Verily, this son of mine is Sayyid, and it may happen that through him Allah will bring two large groups of Muslims to reconciliation."