Thermal energy for hot water purposes. "Crib" on the payment document for housing and communal services. The difference between hot and cold water calculations

Currently, hot water supply is an integral part of the life of most people on the planet. Without it, they can not do in any apartment and residential building. The arrangement of hot water supply is a difficult process, moreover, there are several types of system connection. In this article we will consider all hot water supply systems, calculation and types of water heaters.

Regardless of the type of hot water supply, a set of equipment is connected, which are designed to heat water and distribute it to various water intake points. In this equipment, water is heated to the required temperature, after which, using a pump, it is supplied to the house and through the pipeline. Distinguish between open and closed hot water systems.

open system

An open DHW system is characterized by the presence of a coolant circulating in the system. Hot water comes directly from the centralized heating system. The quality of tap water and heating equipment is no different. As a result, it turns out that people use a coolant.

The open system is so named because hot water is supplied from open taps of the heating system. The hot water supply scheme of a multi-storey building provides for the use of an open type. For private houses, this type is too costly.

You should be aware that the cost savings of an open system occur due to the fact that water heating devices are not needed to heat the liquid.

Features of open hot water supply

When installing an open hot water supply, it is necessary to take into account the principle of operation. Open DHW is of two types, depending on the type of circulation and transportation of the coolant to the radiators. There are open systems with natural circulation and with the use of pumping equipment for this purpose.

Natural circulation is carried out in this way: an open system eliminates the presence of excess pressure, therefore at the highest point it corresponds to atmospheric pressure, and at the lowest point it is slightly higher due to the hydrostatic action of the liquid column. Due to the low pressure, natural circulation of the coolant occurs.

The principle of natural circulation is quite simple, due to the different temperature of the coolant and, accordingly, different density and mass, cooled water with a low temperature and a larger mass displaces hot water with a smaller mass. This simply explains the existence of a gravity-flowing system, which is also called gravitational. The main advantage of such a system is absolute energy independence, if parallel heating boilers do not use electricity.

It's important to know! Gravity pipelines are made with a large slope and diameter.

If natural circulation is not possible, pumping equipment is used, which increases the flow rate of the coolant through the pipeline and reduces the heating time of the room. The circulation pump produces the movement of the coolant at a speed of 0.3 - 0.7 m / s.

Advantages and disadvantages of an open system

Open DHW is still relevant, primarily due to energy independence and other advantages:

Ease of filling open DHW and venting. There is no need to control the high pressure and to bleed additional air, as the bleed is carried out automatically when filling through an open expansion tank.
Easy to recharge. Since you do not need to monitor the maximum pressure. It is also possible to add water to the tank even with a bucket.
The system, regardless of leaks, functions properly, since the working pressure is not large and the presence of such malfunctions does not affect it.

Among the shortcomings, they note the need to control the water level in the tank and its constant replenishment.

Closed DHW system

The closed system is based on the following principle: cold drinking water is taken from the central water supply and heated in an additional heat exchanger. After heating, it is supplied to the water intake points.

A closed system implies a separate operation of the coolant and hot water, it is also distinguished by the presence of a return and supply pipeline, which are used for the annular circulation of water. Such a system will provide normal pressure even when using the shower and sink at the same time. Among the advantages of the system, the simplicity of regulating the temperature of the hot liquid is also noted.

DHW can be circulating and dead-end. The dead-end system consists only of pipes supplying water, the method of connection of which is the same as in the first case.

The advantage of closed DHW is cost savings due to stable temperatures. It is possible to install a heated towel rail. In a closed hot water supply, water heaters are needed, the types of which we will consider later.

Types of water heaters

All water heaters are classified as follows:

flow devices. Such heaters heat water in a constant mode, leaving no reserve. Since water has a high heat capacity, it requires an increased energy consumption to constantly heat it. In addition to this factor, the flow heater must be immediately put into working condition: when turned on, supply hot water, when turned off, stop heating. Traditional flow heaters include a gas column.
storage devices. They are characterized by slow heating of a certain volume of water, which often consumes 1 kW / h. Hot liquid is used as needed. Storage heaters work instantly after opening the tap, but the power is much less. Among the disadvantages of such devices, large sizes are also noted, the larger the volume, the larger the device.

Calculation and recycling of hot water

The calculation of hot water systems depends on such factors: the number of consumers, the approximate frequency of using a shower, the number of bathrooms with hot water supply, some technical characteristics of plumbing equipment, the required water temperature. Having considered all these indicators, it is possible to determine the required daily volume of hot water.

Recirculation of water in the hot water supply system provides a return flow of liquid from a distant point of water intake. It is necessary when the distance from the heater to the far water intake point is more than 3 meters. Recirculation is used with the help of a boiler, and if it is impossible to use it, it is started directly through the boiler.

The hot water supply system can be of two types, which are used depending on the specified parameters. In an open system, a heating boiler is used, and in a closed system, a water heater is used. In some cases, it is necessary to additionally organize water recycling. Before installing and purchasing equipment, it is important to calculate hot water supply.

In order to answer the question "What is thermal energy?" you need to figure out how hot water differs from cold, what affects the temperature of the water? It differs in the amount of heat contained in it. This warmth, or in other words thermal energy, cannot be seen or touched, it can only be felt. Any water with a temperature greater than 0°C contains some amount of heat. The higher the temperature of water (steam or condensate), the more heat it contains. Heat is measured in Calories, in Joules, in MWh (Megawatts per hour), not in degrees °C. Since tariffs are approved in rubles per Gigacalorie, we will take Gcal as a unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of the water itself and the thermal energy or heat (Gcal) contained in it. Water seems to be saturated with gigacalories. The more Gcal in the water, the hotter it is. In heating systems, the coolant (hot water) enters the heating system at one temperature and exits at another. That is, he came with one amount of warmth, and left with another. The coolant gives off some of the heat to the environment through heating radiators. For this part, which did not return to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone has to pay. With hot water supply, we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% Gcal in it, we do not return anything back to the system.

What is a heat carrier?

All hot water that runs through pipes into the heating system or into the hot water supply system, as well as steam and condensate (the same hot water), is the coolant. The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, heat supply companies break down the coolant into Gcal and network water. The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the Gcal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account both water and Gcal in it. The coolant, depending on the purpose (for heating or for hot water supply), has different requirements for temperature and sanitary standards. The heat carrier for the purposes of hot water supply has a minimum allowable temperature that the heat supply organization must provide, as well as increased quality requirements. For the purposes of hot water supply, drinking water is taken, heated and released into the network. The temperature of the heat carrier for heating purposes depends on the outdoor temperature (i.e. the weather). The colder it is outside, the more it heats up. Conclusions: 1. When paying for heat, it will be necessary to pay both for Gcal and for network water. When paying for hot water also, if a separate tariff for hot water is not set. 2. Heat carrier - carries heat, hot water, it is also network water + Gcal in it. 3. Network water - water without Gcal. 4. In life, coolant and network water can mean the same thing. For those who wish to understand this issue in more detail, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant.

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Is it legal to pay for water heating on a receipt in 2018

When paying utility bills, many people are surprised to see the phrase “water heating” on the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, in the presence of a centralized water supply system, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.

Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and heat energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and thermal energy. That is why a column appeared in the receipts, which means the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating fees are charged illegally, and they write complaints to housing and communal services. To verify the legitimacy of this type of accrual, you should learn more about this service.

The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. The risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since payment for heat supply can only be charged during the heating period, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a utility service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.

Equipment

If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the managing organization are obliged to repair the equipment as a matter of urgency. But since the repair requires payment, this amount must still be paid by the tenants. While the heating bill will remain the same, there will be an increase in the repair and maintenance charges. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.

As for non-standard situations, when, for example, part of the apartments in a multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, tenants are often required to pay for common property that they do not use.

See also: Can the light be turned off for non-payment of utilities

Component "thermal energy"

If everything is quite simple with the calculation of payment for cold water (carried out on the basis of an established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.

The amount for paying for such a service as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:

established tariff for thermal energy;
expenses necessary for the maintenance of a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
cost of thermal energy loss in pipelines;
expenses necessary for the implementation of the transportation of hot water.

The calculation of payment for utility services for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m3.

As a rule, the amount of required thermal energy is determined on the basis of the general house values, which are shown by hot water meters and consumed thermal energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the volume of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific heat energy consumption. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount needed to pay for what is written on the receipt as “water heating”.

How to calculate on your own in 2017-2018

Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that during heating it is necessary to use special equipment powered by the mains. To make sure that the correct amount is indicated on the receipt, you can do the calculations yourself and compare the received value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for thermal energy, established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:

If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of thermal energy, focusing on its indicator.
If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established regulatory indicators (set by an energy-saving organization).

If there is a common heat energy consumption meter in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the charge for heating is calculated based on the readings of the common meter and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is not available, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard of energy consumption for heating 1 m3 of water in the reporting month and the readings of an individual water meter.

Where to file a complaint

If the legitimacy of the appearance of an additional line “water heating” in the receipts is in question, in order not to overpay for heating, it is recommended that you first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, a complaint should be written to the GZhI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must provide a response with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to justify why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a lawsuit in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated on the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you still have to pay for services that you are not getting, file a claim to exclude the "heating water" line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

See also: Do I need to check water meters in Moscow

If there is a need to appeal against the actions of the housing and communal services on issues related to the violation of the rights of consumers of utilities, you should contact Rospotrebnadzor. If you have any questions about the tariffs set for housing and communal services, you need to contact the Federal Tariff Service.

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Gcal, heat carrier, hot and network water

Let the management company "Our House" explain what we pay for, and how the concepts listed above differ from each other. It is difficult for us, ordinary residents, to maneuver in technical terms.

Question from nashdomkch.ru

Sergei Kirilyuk, head of the energy department of Nash Dom, answers:

Invoices for payment for heat and hot water submitted by heat supply companies may contain the following tariffs: - per Gcal, (rub/Gcal); - for network water (rub/t) or for heat carrier (rub/m3);

For hot water or hot water supply (rub/m3)

Not all consumers understand why they have a large amount in their bills for heat energy (rubles / Gcal), for hot water (rubles / cubic meters), and then a relatively small amount for network water (rubles / T). What is this additional fee? I will not give a dictionary definition of thermal energy, I will try to explain “on the fingers”.

Think about the difference between hot water and cold water, what affects the temperature of the water? It differs in the amount of heat contained in it. This warmth (or in other words, thermal energy) cannot be seen or touched, it can only be felt. Any water with a temperature greater than 0°C contains some amount of heat. The higher the temperature of water (steam or condensate), the more heat it contains.

Heat is measured in calories, in joules, in MWh (megawatts per hour), not in degrees °C. Since tariffs are approved in rubles per gigacalorie, we will take Gcal as a unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of the water itself and the thermal energy or heat (Gcal) contained in it. Water seems to be saturated with gigacalories. The more Gcal in the water, the hotter it is.

In heating systems, the coolant (hot water) comes in at one temperature and leaves at another. Some of the heat water gives off to the environment through heating radiators. For this part, which did not return to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone has to pay.

With hot water supply, we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% Gcal in it, we do not return anything back to the system.

What is a heat carrier? All hot water that runs through pipes into the heating system or into the hot water supply system, as well as steam and condensate (the same hot water). The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, heat supply companies break down the coolant into Gcal and network water, which misleads some consumers.

If earlier UZhK "Nash Dom" charged for hot water at tariffs for hot water supply in rubles / cubic meters, now we break down the coolant for the needs of hot water supply. In our bills for payment for hot water, there is no rub/m.cub. tariff. We bill for hot water as well as for heat, separately for network water and separately for Gcal.

The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the Gcal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account both water and Gcal in it.

The coolant, depending on the purpose (for heating or for hot water supply), has different requirements for temperature and sanitary standards. For hot water supply, there is a minimum allowable temperature that the heat supply organization must provide, as well as increased quality requirements.

In Kachkanar, there is a 2-pipe open heating system, from which the hot water supply system is fed in each detached house - this was determined by the project during the construction of the city. In summer, there is no circulation of the heating system, hot water is supplied through one of the pipes of the heating system (starting from the CHP and to each consumer).

The temperature of the heat carrier for heating depends on the outdoor temperature (weather). The colder it is outside, the more we heat.

Conclusions: - when paying for heat, you will need to pay for Gcal. When paying for hot water - both for Gcal and for network water (coolant); - heat carrier - carries heat, hot water, it is also network water + Gcal in it; - network water - water without Gcal;

In life, coolant and network water can mean the same thing.

Tags: housing and communal services

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Payment for heat energy as part of the hot water supply

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 129 dated February 14, 2015, in order to regulate the procedure for applying two-component tariffs for hot water, amendments were made to the RF Government Resolution No. 354 dated May 06, 2011 and the RF Government Resolution No. 306 dated May 23, 2006. According to the amendments made when establishing two-component tariffs for hot water supply (hereinafter referred to as DHW) “the amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply is calculated based on the sum of the cost of the component for cold water intended for heating in order to provide the public service for hot water supply, and the cost of the component for thermal energy used to heat cold water for the purpose of provision of public services for hot water supply" (paragraph 6 of clause 38 of Rules 354), while the authorized body of the subject of the Russian Federation "sets the standard for the consumption of thermal energy used to heat cold water for the provision of public services for hot water supply" (paragraph 32(1) of Rules 306 ). And if the procedure for calculating the cost of hot water supply between the consumer and the utility service provider (hereinafter referred to as the UCS) has been resolved (although to this day there are a huge number of cases of its violation), then when calculating between the ICU and the resource supply organization (hereinafter referred to as the RSO), there have been and continue to arise disputes, especially in cases of equipping houses with common house meters that determine both the volume of hot water consumption and the amount of heat energy in the composition of the consumed hot water.

Heat in DHW: volume of consumption and cost payable

If we consider the consumption of hot water in the premises of MKD, then it is easy to establish cases in which, with the same volume of hot water consumption, the consumption of heat in the composition of this water will be different. Such cases include consumption in the absence of circulation in the house of “cooled down” hot water by those residents who wake up earlier in the morning or go to bed later in the evening. It is obvious that water will be hotter with long-term one-time consumption compared to many short-term inclusions, even if the total volume of short-term inclusions is equal to the volume of long-term one-time consumption. During the non-heating period, there is a significant difference in the temperature of hot water in houses of the same type (for which the same consumption standards are stipulated) depending on the length of the DHW network from these houses to the RSO (the distance of the MKD from the boiler house) - residents of houses connected to the "terminal" segments of heating networks usually use less hot water than houses connected to the "transit" pipelines of the same networks.

Probably, in order to create a certain averaged unified calculation system, the Government of the Russian Federation decided to approve the norms for the consumption of heat energy for heating hot water supply and gave the right to establish such norms to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation authorized to approve the norms for the consumption of utilities. This eliminated the possibility of determining the different cost of hot water (in rubles per cubic meter), for example, for residents of different apartments in the same apartment building. It should be noted that the different cost of hot water (in rubles per cubic meter) for residents of the same house in different months is also excluded - after all, the calculation of the cost of a cubic meter of hot water consumed by the consumer should be based on the cost of the component for cold water, the tariff for which is approved by the subject of the Russian Federation, and the cost of the component for thermal energy, the tariff for which and the volume for each unit of water (the heat standard for heating hot water) is also approved by the subject of the Russian Federation. Thus, the cost of one cubic meter of hot water does not depend in any way on the actual heat consumption for heating this water (measured or calculated in any way), but is calculated based only on those parameters that are approved by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the amount of heat energy consumed for the purpose of hot water supply by the entire apartment building (hereinafter - MKD), then, of course, such an amount can be determined by such a common house metering device (hereinafter - OPU), which measures not only the consumption of hot water for the needs of hot water supply, but and the heat content of this water. The position of the overwhelming majority of the RSO, which is that the heat supplied to the MKD is payable in full, is reasonable and logical. No less logical is the determination of the amount of heat energy in the composition of the hot water supply consumed by the entire MKD, according to the OPU, which allows such an amount to be measured. At the same time, in the opinion of these RCOs, there is no need to apply the standard for the consumption of thermal energy used to heat cold water for the provision of public services for hot water supply, approved by the state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In the event that there is no function for measuring the amount of heat in the common house DHW meter (and even more so in the absence of an operating system at all), the same RNOs consider the use of a heat standard for heating DHW already necessary.

The position, of course, is not devoid of logic, however, the current legislation of the Russian Federation does not give the right to choose whether to use the heat standard for DHW heating in calculations or not to use it. The norms on the use in the calculations of the rate of consumption of thermal energy used to heat cold water for the provision of public services for hot water supply are imperative, subject to unconditional execution. At the same time, the legislation of the Russian Federation simply does not contain any norms on the possibility of using in the calculations the readings of the OPU, which determine the amount of heat energy in the composition of the hot water supply. Thus, the use of such indications of the GTC in the calculations, although logical, is not based on the law, and therefore is illegal. At the same time, the use of the heat standard for DHW heating in calculations is not a right provided for in individual cases (for example, the absence of a GTC, or the absence of a GTC function for measuring heat content in DHW), but a duty for any cases without exception.

From the foregoing, it follows that when calculating the cost of hot water supply (both between the consumer and the provider of the hot water service, and between the ICU and the RSO), it is not the actually consumed amount of heat energy for heating water for the provision of public services for hot water supply, but the norm of heat consumption for heating hot water .

What did the court decide?

These circumstances were studied by the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, and then - on appeal - by the 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, when considering the case on the claim of LLC "Orekhovo-Zuevskaya Teploset" against the HOA "Avtoproezd" (case No. A41-18008 / 16) for the recovery arrears in payment of heat energy. As third parties, the Main Department of the Moscow Region “State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region”, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region were involved in the case.

In the Decision of December 12, 2016 in case No. A41-18008/16, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region stated:

“Having directly, fully and objectively examined the evidence presented by the parties in support of the stated claims and objections, the court came to the following conclusion.

As established by the court, on September 26, 2012, between the plaintiff and the defendant concluded the Contract for heat supply No. 240, according to which the plaintiff is an energy supply organization, the defendant is a subscriber.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 539 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), under an energy supply agreement, the energy supply organization undertakes to supply energy to the subscriber (consumer) through the connected network, and the subscriber undertakes to pay for the received energy ...

Based on Article 544 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, payment for energy is made for the amount of energy actually received by the subscriber in accordance with the energy metering data, unless otherwise provided by law, other legal acts or agreement of the parties. The procedure for paying for energy is determined by law, other legal acts or by agreement of the parties.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), the amount of payment for utilities is calculated based on the volume of consumed utilities, determined by the readings of metering devices, and in their absence, based on the standards for the consumption of utilities approved by public authorities constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, at tariffs established by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner established by federal law.

Part 5 of Article 9 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ “On Heat Supply” establishes that tariffs for hot water in open heat supply systems (hot water supply) are set in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for a heat carrier and a component for thermal energy .

According to Part 9 of Article 32 of the Federal Law of December 7, 2011 No. 416-FZ "On Water Supply and Sanitation", tariffs in the field of hot water supply can be set in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy in the manner determined by the pricing principles in the field of water supply and sanitation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Paragraph 88 of the Fundamentals of Pricing in the Sphere of Water Supply and Sanitation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 406 dated May 13, 2013, provides that tariff regulators set a two-component tariff for hot water in a closed hot water supply system, consisting of a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy.

Thus, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of price (tariff) regulation make decisions on the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water in accordance with the norms of the current legislation.

In order to regulate the procedure for the application of two-component tariffs for hot water, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 129 dated February 14, 2015 (entered into force on February 28, 2015) amended the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. No. 354 (hereinafter - Rules No. 354), and the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 306 (hereinafter - Rules No. 306).

Paragraph 38 of Regulation No. 354 provides that in the case of establishing two-component tariffs for hot water, the amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply is calculated based on the sum of the cost of the component for cold water intended for heating in order to provide the utility service for hot water supply, and the cost of the component for thermal energy used to heat cold water for the purpose of providing public services for hot water supply.

In accordance with paragraph 42 of Regulation No. 354, in the case of establishing two-component tariffs for hot water, the amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply provided to the consumer for the billing period in a residential building equipped with an individual or common (apartment) metering device is determined in accordance with formula 23 Appendix No. 2 to Regulation No. 354 based on the readings of hot water meters and the rate of consumption of thermal energy used for heating water, and in the absence of such a meter - based on the rate of consumption of hot water and the rate of consumption of thermal energy used for heating water.

At the same time, Rules No. 354 do not provide for the use of thermal energy as a public service, which complies with the provisions of part 4 of article 154 of the HC RF.

Given the above, Regulation No. 354 provides for the distribution of thermal energy used for heating cold water in order to provide public services for hot water supply, within the framework of the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating water in order to provide public services for hot water supply.

In this regard, the relevant amendments made to Regulation No. 306 provide that the standard for the consumption of public services for hot water supply is determined by setting the standard for hot water consumption in a residential building and the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating water for hot water supply purposes.

So, according to paragraph 7 of Regulation No. 306, when choosing a unit of measure for consumption standards for hot water supply (hot water), the following indicators are used:

in residential premises - cub. meter of cold water for 1 person and Gcal for heating 1 cu. meters of cold water or cubic meters. meter of hot water for 1 person;

for general house needs - cub. meter of cold water and Gcal for heating 1 cu. meters of cold water per 1 sq. meter of the total area of the premises that are part of the common property in an apartment building, or a cubic meter. meter of hot water per 1 sq. meter of the total area of the premises that are part of the common property in an apartment building.

This principle ensures a fair distribution of thermal energy for heating a cubic meter of water between all consumers, depending on the volume of hot water consumption. In this regard, the procedure for determining the amount of payment for a utility service for hot water supply, established by Rules No. 354, fully complies with the requirements of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and is established taking into account the exclusion of an unfair financial burden on citizens.

Thus, regardless of the presence of a collective (common house) heat energy meter in the hot water supply system of an apartment building, regardless of the heat supply (hot water supply) system (open or closed), and also regardless of the season (heating or non-heating), the amount of heat the energy used for water heating is determined according to the norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating water for the purposes of hot water supply established in the manner prescribed by law.

Accordingly, if there are norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating hot water, the readings of metering devices that measure thermal energy used for hot water supply are not taken into account either in settlements with consumers or in settlements with resource supply organizations.

Rules No. 354 do not provide for a different procedure for determining the amount of payment for a utility service for hot water supply in this case.

Civil rights and obligations of a managing organization or a partnership of homeowners or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative (hereinafter referred to as a partnership, cooperative) to make payments for the resources necessary for the provision of public services arise from resource supply agreements concluded in the manner prescribed by the Rules, mandatory when a managing organization or a partnership of homeowners or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative concludes agreements with resource supply organizations approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2012 No. 124 (hereinafter, respectively - Decree No. 124, Rules No. 124).

According to subparagraphs "d", "f" of paragraph 17 of Regulation No. 124, the procedure for determining the volume of the supplied communal resource, the procedure for paying for the communal resource are essential terms of the resource supply agreement.

At the same time, in conjunction with the requirements of Rules No. 124, when concluding a resource supply agreement, the Requirements for making payments for the resources necessary for the provision of public services, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2012 No. 253 (hereinafter referred to as the Requirements), are also subject to application.

Clause 4 of the Requirements establishes that funds received by the contractor from consumers as payment for utility services are subject to transfer in favor of resource-supplying organizations.

At the same time, paragraph 5 of the Requirements provides that the amount of payment by the utility service provider due to be transferred in favor of the resource supply organization supplying a particular type of resource is determined depending on the payment by the consumer of the relevant utility service in the full amount specified in the payment document, or with partial payment, which fully corresponds with the above norms of Regulation No. 124.

Based on the above, the amount of payment by the utility service provider in favor of the resource supplying organization is subject to determination, taking into account the amount of money received from consumers of utility services, as well as taking into account the volume of communal resources in the event that the resource supplying organization supplies a communal resource of inadequate quality or with interruptions exceeding the established duration .

In addition, managing organizations (partnerships, cooperatives), being executors of communal services in an apartment building, acquire a communal resource from resource supplying organizations not for resale, but to provide the corresponding utility service to consumers and pay for the amount of communal resource consumed in such an apartment building from payments received from consumers for public services.

In accordance with the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 8, 2012 No. AKPI12-604, according to which, within the framework of Resolution No. 124, a managing organization, partnership or cooperative are not business entities with independent economic interests that are different from the interests of residents as direct consumers of communal services. These organizations carry out activities to provide public services on the basis of an apartment building management agreement and pay for the volume of the communal resource supplied under the resource supply agreement only from the received payments from consumers. In this situation, the amount of payment for a communal resource under a resource supply agreement should be equal to the amount of payment for a utility service paid by all consumers of utility services in accordance with the Rules for their provision.

In view of the foregoing, regardless of the agreement, the parties are obliged to follow the imperative rules that govern the procedure for paying for utility services provided.

According to paragraphs 10, 11 of part 1 of article 4 of the LC RF, housing legislation regulates relations regarding the provision of public services, payment for housing and public services.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, relevant legislation is applied to housing relations, including those related to the use of engineering equipment, the provision of public services, and the payment of utility bills, taking into account the requirements established by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

In view of the foregoing, when concluding a resource supply agreement with persons managing an apartment building and establishing conditions in it, including those regulating the procedure for terminating the supply of the corresponding type of communal resource to an apartment building, it is necessary first of all to be guided by the norms of housing legislation, in particular Rules No. 124 subject to the provisions of Regulation No. 354.

Clause 5 of the Requirements establishes that the amount of the contractor's payment due to be transferred in favor of the resource supplying organization supplying a specific type of resource is determined in the amount of the payment for a specific utility service indicated in the payment document, accrued to the consumer for a given billing period in accordance with Rules No. 354 (with payment by the consumer in full), and if the consumer does not pay in full - in an amount proportional to the amount of payment for a specific utility service in the total amount of payments indicated in the payment document for works and services performed (provided) for a given billing period.

Based on this, the homeowners association is obliged to cover obligations to resource-supplying organizations for the volume of the communal resource at the expense of funds received from consumers in payment for consumed utility services for hot water supply, that is, calculated on the basis of the standard consumption of thermal energy used to heat water in order to provide hot water utilities.

Based on the foregoing, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region believes that the stated claims are not subject to satisfaction.

Guided by the articles of art. 110, 112, 162, 167–170, 176 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region

Deny the claim."

The Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, having considered the appeal against the decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, adopted Resolution No. 10AP-805/2017 dated April 17, 2017 in case No. A41-18008/16, which repeated the arguments of the court of first instance, additionally specifying:

“The arguments of the appeal repeat the arguments of the claim and were justifiably rejected by the court of first instance.

Taking into account the totality of the above circumstances, the Court of Appeal finds no grounds provided by law for reassessing the conclusions of the Court of First Instance and satisfying the requirements of the appeal.

Guided by articles 266, 268, paragraph 1 of article 269, article 271 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the court

RESOLVED:

The decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region dated December 12, 2016 in case No. A41-18008/16 is left unchanged, the appeal is not satisfied.”

conclusions

The Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region and the 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, which supported its opinion, when considering case No. A41-18008 / 16, established that regardless of the presence of a collective (common house) heat energy meter in the hot water supply system of an apartment building, regardless of the type of heat supply system / hot water supply (open or closed), regardless of the period of the year (heating or inter-heating), “the amount of thermal energy used for heating water is determined according to the norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating water for the purposes of hot water supply established in the manner prescribed by law ..., if there are standards for the consumption of thermal energy for heating hot water, the readings of metering devices measuring thermal energy used for hot water supply are not taken into account either in settlements with consumers or in settlements with resource supply organizations.

Another scam VK comfort

Preparation of hot water using in-house engineering systems (ITP) of an apartment building (in the absence of centralized preparation of hot water in the MKD).
The amount of payment for hot water supply (DHW) is calculated based on the readings of house meters and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and consumed Gcal used for preparing hot water. At the same time, the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems and electricity used for preparing hot water are included in the fee for maintaining and repairing a dwelling.

Individual heating point of our house (ITP)

Calculation for heating and hot water prepared in an apartment building on the basis of the RF GD dated 06.05.2011 No. 354

Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354, hereinafter referred to as the Rules. For the convenience of typing in a text editor, the formulas used are slightly modified and specified in comparison with their writing in the Rules, which does not change their meaning in any way.

For an unambiguous understanding: in accordance with paragraph 2 of the Rules, “non-residential premises in an apartment building” is a room in an apartment building that is not residential premises and common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building. For example, a shop, a sewing studio, an office space of an organization, etc. The calculation of fees for such premises, as a rule, is similar to the calculation for residential premises (apartments). In case of differences in the calculations, they will be discussed separately.

Calculation and distribution of fees in accordance with clause 50 of the Rules between consumers living in a room (rooms) of communal apartments of MKD is carried out according to formulas 7, 8, 16, 19 and 21 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules and in this case will not be considered.

I carry out the description of the calculations using the example of my own apartment building (hereinafter - MKD), which is equipped with the following metering devices:

1) collective (common house) installed in the heating point of the MKD (hereinafter - ODPU):

A) to determine the total volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for the utility service "heating" and heating water for the utility service "hot water supply", the temperature of the coolant in the supply and return pipelines at the boundary of operational responsibility (hereinafter - ODPUte);

B) to determine the volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for the public service "hot water supply" (hereinafter - ODPUte-gv);

C) to determine the volume of water used for the public service "hot water supply" (hereinafter - ODPUgv);

2) individual, installed in each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises (hereinafter - IPU):

A) to determine the volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for the utility service "heating" (hereinafter - IPUte);

B) to determine the volume of hot water used for the public service "hot water supply" (hereinafter - IPUgv).

The thermal energy supplied from the city heating networks to the house is divided into two parts and, using the equipment of the heating point, is used:
for the preparation of a coolant circulating in the closed-type MKD heating system;
for the preparation of hot water circulating in the open type MKD hot water supply system.

At the same time, the coolant itself, supplied from the city heating networks, is not taken away, but only the thermal energy contained in it is used.

In accordance with paragraph 40 of the Rules, the consumer of the utility service for heating and (or) hot water supply, produced and provided by the contractor to the consumer in the absence of centralized heat supply and (or) hot water supply, pays a total fee for such a utility service, calculated in accordance with paragraph 54 of the Rules . Namely, it should include both a payment for a utility service provided to a consumer in a residential or non-residential premises, and a payment for a utility service provided for general house needs.

Therefore, in this case, consumers should be billed in the payment document for utility services "heating" and "hot water supply" without division into individual consumption and consumption for general house needs.

In accordance with clause 54 of the Rules, consumers of each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises must pay the contractor for the utility resources used during the billing period, namely, the heat energy provided for the “heating” utility service, and the heat energy and cold water provided for utility service "hot water supply".

When determining the amount of payment by consumers of each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises for the communal service "heating", the volume of heat energy used only for heating is distributed among all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building in proportion to the size of the total area owned (in use) by each consumer of a residential or non-residential premises in an apartment building in accordance with formula 18 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules:

Ro-i \u003d Vte-o-d x (Si / Sd) x Tte

The amount of payment by consumers of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for the utility service "heating" (Po-i, rubles) is determined as the product of three components:

The volume (quantity) of thermal energy used during the billing period in the production of the utility service "heating" and defined as the difference between the measured amount of thermal energy ODPUte and ODPUte-gv (Vte-o-d, Gcal);

The ratio of the total area of the i-th residential premises (apartments) or non-residential premises in the MKD (Si, sq.m) to the total area of all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in the MKD (Sd, sq.m);

Tariff for thermal energy, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (Tte, rub./Gcal).

When determining the amount of consumer fees for each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for the utility service “hot water supply”, the cost of cold water and the cost of thermal energy used to heat cold water in the production of utility services for hot water supply, distributed to each residential and non-residential premises in proportion to the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in a particular residential or non-residential premises and is calculated according to formula 20 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules:

Rgv-i \u003d Vgv-i x Txv + Vte-gv-d x (Vgv-i / Sum Vgv-i) x Tte

___________
Sum- mathematical sign "sum".

The amount of payment by consumers of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for the utility service "hot water supply" (Rgv-i, rubles) is determined as the sum of two components:

The product of the volume of hot water consumed by the consumer for each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises, determined for the billing period IPUgv (Vgv-i, cubic meters), and the tariff for cold water established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (Тхв, rub./cubic .m);

The product of the volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for heating cold water during the billing period, determined by ODPUte-gv (Vte-gv-d, Gcal), the ratio of the volume of hot water consumed by the consumer of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises, determined for the billing period IPUgw (Vgw-i, cub.m) to the total volume of hot water consumed by consumers of all residential (apartments) and non-residential premises, determined for the billing period with the legislation of the Russian Federation (Tte, rub./Gcal).

All utilities, without exception, are currently provided on a paid basis. The basis for paying the fee is the receipt.

Receipt of housing and communal services- this is an official payment document, which reflects information on the amount of debts of consumers for the past settlement periods to housing facilities that provide utilities. Since various companies can provide different kinds of services, the consumer receives several receipts.

Explanation of abbreviations in the receipt

A utility bill uses many different terms and abbreviations, often not always clear to the average consumer. Let's look at them in more detail in the table:

Reduction	Decryption
	So the receipt indicates the numbers of metering devices installed in the room.
	In this way, the total and living area of \u200b\u200bthe premises is determined in the housing and communal services receipt. Living area refers to the sum of the areas of living rooms. The total area of all available premises is common.
registered / living	The number of people officially registered is indicated, and the actual number of residents.
	It stands for "Department of Social Protection of the Population". This organization can be contacted for grants.
total house area	It implies the area of all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building as a whole.
	Community needs.

	Individual metering device, individual metering point.
ODPU, KTU	General house metering device, collective metering point of an apartment building.
	Common areas.

Receipts from the management company or HOA

The main calculation on the receipt is formed on the basis of data provided by consumers and service providers.

Each service in the utility bill includes: name, actual and estimated cost, units of measurement. In accordance with this information, the consumer can independently check all accrued payments and meter readings. At the end of the settlement table of the receipt, the total amount payable, as well as the amount already paid in the current period, is indicated.

If the apartment is equipped with a meter

then the charge for cold water supply is made according to the readings of the device. Similarly, according to the meter readings, hot water supply is calculated.

Vsnab = Vv * Tariff,

Vsnab- the amount of payment for water supply indicated in the utility bill;

Vв- the volume of water consumed according to the meter readings;

Rate

Example:

According to the meter, 12 cubic meters were consumed in one month. m. cold water;

We get: 12 * 33.03 \u003d 396.36 rubles. - the amount payable for cold water supply, reflected in the utility bill

If there is no counter

it is necessary to pay according to the approved standards for each person registered in the apartment.

Supply = number of people. * Standard * Tariff

2 people are registered in the apartment;

The standard for cold water consumption per person is 6,935 cubic meters

The approved tariff for the service of cold water supply for consumers in an apartment building in Moscow is set at 33.03 rubles per 1 cubic meter.

We get: 2 * 6.935 * 33.03 \u003d 458.13 rubles. - the amount payable for cold water supply, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

You can read more about how utility tariffs are formed.

It is worth noting that water disposal and water supply are completely different concepts. According to the majority of Russian citizens, payment for sewerage means payment only for sewerage, that is, exclusively for draining water. This is partly true, but in addition to the flow of water, it includes:

disposal of used water;

transportation to treatment facilities;

disposal;

sewage disposal.

The calculation of the volume of consumed resources is carried out using individual metering devices. If there are none, the amount of resources is determined as an average of the consumption standards set by the local authority.

To calculate the water disposal, it is necessary to multiply the amount of water that was received according to the meter readings in your apartment by the water disposal rate. First, we calculate for cold water, then for hot. We add up the obtained values. Their amount will determine the amount of payment for water disposal in the receipt:

Votv \u003d (Vxv * Tariff) + (Vgv * Tariff),

Vxv- the volume of consumed cold water according to the meter readings;

Vgv- the volume of consumed hot water according to the meter;

Rate- the cost of a cubic meter of water, which is set by the local administration in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

According to the meter, 7 cubic meters were consumed in one month. m. of cold water and 4 cubic meters. m. hot;

The approved tariff for the water disposal service for consumers in an apartment building in Moscow is set at 23.43 rubles per 1 cubic meter.

We get:(7 * 23.43) + (4 * 23.43) \u003d 257.73 rubles. the amount payable for water disposal, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

If the meter is not installed, the payment will be calculated based on the water consumption standards. These indicators are approved annually and published on the official websites of the local administration. It should be noted that the standard is not uniform for all regions.

In multi-storey buildings, there is a separate nuance in the calculation of water disposal: in this case, the calculation is made according to the indicator of the common house meter, and not for each apartment separately. If there is none, the management company makes a calculation according to current standards and issues an invoice to the tenants.

If the consumer has a desire to install a separate water meter in the apartment, he is obliged to notify his managing organization about this. Then she must give the necessary permission, put a seal on the meter and recalculate the payment for water supply and sanitation. The recalculation amount will be reflected in the utility bill.

Payment for heating in a house not equipped with a meter is made during the heating season. Payment is affected by:

total area of the apartment;

consumption standard;

set heating rate.

If we multiply the established standard by the area of the apartment, as a result we get the amount of heat consumed per month. The resulting volume must be multiplied by the heating tariff, thereby obtaining the amount of payment for the past month. This amount is reflected in the utility bill.

O \u003d Standard * Skv * Tariff,

Sq- area of the apartment;

standard- heat consumption standard established by the local authority;

Rate

Example:

The area of the apartment is 50.3 sq.m.;

The standard for heat energy consumption in Balashikha is 0.016 Gcal/sq.m of total area.

We get: 50.3 * 1601.35 * 0.016 \u003d 1288.77 rubles. the amount payable for heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

The calculation of payment for heating in the presence of a common house heat meter, where heat meters are not installed in the apartments, is made according to the formula:

O \u003d V * (Skv / Sd) * Tariff,

V- the volume of consumed thermal energy according to the indications of a common house meter;

Sq- area of the apartment;

Rate- the tariff for housing and communal services for heating, established by the local administration, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

The area of the apartment is 62.1 sq.m.;

The total area of heated premises in an apartment building is 5,000 sq.m.

The approved tariff for the heating service for consumers in an apartment building in Balashikha is set at 1,601.35 rubles per Gcal;

The readings on the collective meter amounted to 72 Gcal.

We get: 72*(62.1/5000)*1601.35=1431.99 rub. the amount payable for heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

The calculation of heating in the case when a collective (common house) meter is installed in an apartment building, and individual metering devices are installed in the apartments is calculated:

O \u003d (Vkv + Vodn x (Skv / Sd)) * Tariff,

Vkv- the volume of consumed thermal energy according to the indications of an individual meter;

Vodn- heat consumption for general house needs;

Sq- area of the apartment;

SD- area of an apartment building;

Rate- the tariff for housing and communal services for heating, established by the local administration, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

The area of the apartment is 50 sq.m.;

The total area of heated premises in an apartment building is 8,000 sq.m.

The approved tariff for the heating service for consumers in an apartment building in Balashikha is set at 1,601.35 rubles per Gcal;

Indications on the collective metering device amounted to 140 Gcal;

The sum of heat consumed by all apartments is 100 Gcal;

Indications on an individual meter in an apartment 2 Gcal;

The cost of providing hot water 15 Gcal.

We get:(2+(140-100-15)*50/8000)*1601.35 = 3452.91 rubles the amount payable for heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

This definition includes a large number of works that a housing company must perform:

maintenance of structural elements of the building and in-house engineering equipment;

maintenance of domestic gas equipment;

cleaning and maintaining the order of the local area;

provision of services for deratization and disinfestation (control of rodents and insects);

landscaping of the yard and adjacent territory;

tidying up common areas;

timely garbage disposal;

electric lighting of common areas;

This list of services may be subject to some adjustments and additions made by residents at the general meeting.

Maintenance

This line in the housing and communal services receipt refers to the maintenance of common house property. This includes current repairs:

domestic gas equipment;

structural elements of buildings;

engineering equipment.

Residents of apartment buildings pay a fee for these services in proportion to the size of their share in the common property.

The city administration (or the decision of the general meeting of the HOA / housing and communal services / ZhSK / UK) establishes the amount of payment for current repairs and maintenance of housing. To calculate the amount of payment for these services, multiply the tariff by the total area of the apartment. This amount is paid into the utility bill.

Rate- the tariff for the maintenance and repair of housing, established by the local administration, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

Sq- the area of the apartment.

Example:

The apartment is located in Moscow in an apartment building with all amenities, an elevator and a garbage chute. For such housing, a maintenance tariff is provided, equal to 26.53 rubles.

The area of the apartment is 60 sq.m.

We get: 26.53 * 60 \u003d 1591.8 rubles. the amount payable for maintenance and repair, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

Receipt for overhaul

If the homeowner does not make timely payments to the established accounts, then a penalty in the amount of 1/300 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for each day of delay will be charged on the amount of the debt. For more information about the measures taken against debtors, you can.

Receipt for gas supply

Payment for gas supply can be carried out both according to the standards and in accordance with the readings of individual meters. Payment for gas depends on the number of people living in the apartment. An individual counter can also be supplied.