What floors to choose for an aerated concrete house. Ceilings in an aerated concrete house Installation of floor beams in an aerated concrete house

Modern private houses often have more than one floor. The reason for this is simple - a smaller area of the foundation, and therefore a lower cost of construction, with a decent total area of \u200b\u200bthe entire house. The presence of more than one floor at the house requires the arrangement of interfloor ceilings. And this is in addition to the attic, if you are not going to arrange an attic instead of an attic.

Houses built from different building materials require an individual approach. Therefore, there are several methods for installing overlaps. And thanks to new materials, new types of them have arisen.

Overlappings: what are and how they differ

For aerated concrete houses, there are two most suitable types of floors - reinforced concrete and wood. Naturally, each of them has its own characteristics, its own advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account when choosing the most suitable for you.

Reinforced concrete floors are considered by many to be the most modern and durable. As the name implies, one of the types of reinforced concrete slabs is used in its arrangement. They provide a high level of fire resistance, they are very strong and durable, there are practically no restrictions on length. Plates made of this material do not particularly suffer from high humidity. And, most importantly, they have a low price.

Although, of course, this type of overlap has its drawbacks. This is, firstly, the high weight of the plates. They are heavy and large, which must be taken into account when laying the foundation and erecting walls. Due to the same weight, it is difficult to lay them on their own - it is practically impossible to do without special equipment and assistants. In addition, if you do not make an additional concrete or brick distribution belt under the slabs, then they can violate the integrity of the walls. Reinforced concrete requires additional insulation.

According to the type of slabs, reinforced concrete floors are divided into:

Made from ordinary hollow core reinforced concrete slabs;
Monolithic.

Ceilings from hollow core reinforced concrete slabs

Hollow reinforced concrete slabs give greater lightness to the construction of floors

Hollow reinforced concrete slabs are made from heavy grades of concrete, but lightened with the help of special air void chambers, usually in the form of a cylinder. Sometimes these voids significantly reduce the weight of the slabs.

Among their advantages it is worth mentioning:

Great lightness of the whole structure. As already noted, air chambers make it possible to reduce the weight of each slab, which has a positive effect on the level of load on the foundation and walls;
Greater strength. Voids not only have a good effect on the weight, but also on the strength of concrete. They create a frame that increases the durability of the material;
Simplify installation. Due to their lighter weight, these plates are installed quite quickly and with minimal effort;
No restrictions on the shape of the bases. Thanks to hollow core floor slabs, even the most complex shapes can be made in the house;
Aesthetics. One of the important problems is the location of communications so that they are less visible. In hollow core slabs, they can be placed inside the chambers.

The main disadvantage of these slabs in comparison with other options for reinforced concrete floors lies precisely in strength. Nevertheless, they are less durable than, for example, monolithic slabs and are more susceptible to moisture and temperature changes.

Ceilings from monolithic slabs have the highest bearing capacity

Monolithic floors are distinguished by the greatest strength, but the price for this is a lot of weight, the largest of all reinforced concrete slabs. The strength of monolithic slabs is achieved through the use of stiffeners and two-layer ligaments.

Of the advantages of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, it is worth noting:

High strength. Their bearing capacity is the highest of all types of reinforced concrete slabs;
Ease of manufacture. In order to make such a plate, no special molds or special technological skills are needed. Often they are made right on the construction site;
Easy installation.

But all these advantages go along with disadvantages that may seem significant to many:

The need for formwork and supports. Although they can be rented, this is still an additional cost. In addition, both formwork and supports are rather bulky;
Stop construction at low temperatures. Monolithic concrete cannot be produced when it is cold, which, in the domestic climate, significantly reduces the time when it is possible to build a house;
Freezes for a long time. Pauses in construction will also have to be done due to the fact that monolithic slabs require a long period of solidification;
Low level of sound insulation. The sound permeability of such plates is very high;
High cost. The production cost may be too high.

Wooden floors: what is it?

Wooden floors can be erected without the involvement of expensive equipment

Hardwood floors are the most traditional type. During their construction, a material is used that is widely presented in our country, environmentally friendly and quite durable - wood.

They are lighter than reinforced concrete. And this eliminates the need to build a particularly powerful foundation, which is not needed in itself when using aerated concrete as the main building material. Their undoubted advantage is that you can build them yourself, and there is certainly no need to involve expensive equipment.

Wooden floors: construction

The arrangement of interfloor ceilings requires a particularly careful approach to calculating the cross section of beams. The fact is that the load on them can be quite high - these are people, and furniture, and communications - and it must be taken into account. I-beams are often used as the main material of the supporting base. In addition to them, ordinary or glued beams are used.

Beams are laid in increments of 60 cm to 1.2 m. It all depends on their cross section - the smaller it is, the smaller the distance between them. The length that does not exceed six meters is considered optimal, otherwise the deflection may be greater than the required 1/300 of the span length.

When calculating the parameters necessary for the beams, one should not forget that their length should be approximately 30 cm longer than the span, since they go into each wall by 15 cm.

In addition to beams and boards, the design of a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house provides for a reinforcing belt.

Wooden floors: fasten to the walls

It is necessary to lay beams in niches on a reinforced concrete belt, doing this perpendicular to the load-bearing walls. Before fixing the beams in the niches, the latter are covered with a waterproofing material. A conventional roofing material with bituminous mastic, or a modern self-adhesive membrane, can act as a waterproofing layer.

An ordinary roofing material can act as a waterproofing layer

Beams are attached to anchor plates or studs that are installed when pouring the reinforcing belt. Also, instead of them, it is permissible to use steel corners on self-tapping screws and dowels. Between the ends of the beam and the walls of the niche that it is laid, there must be a gap of at least 2 cm, but not more than 3 cm. This gap is necessary in case of thermal expansion.

At the end ends, it makes an incision of 60-70 degrees. It is done so that the wood "breathes" and moisture does not linger in it.

These ends are covered with an antiseptic, for a length of at least 75 cm, but it is important that it is not oil-based. All seams are filled with sealant to prevent rotting. And in the remaining space between the end of the beam in the niche and the wall, a heater is laid.

Beams running along the walls can not be placed right next to them. Between them and aerated concrete blocks, you need to leave a gap of up to 3 cm, which is filled with sealant and insulation.

Wooden floors: interbeam space

A layer of insulating and insulating material is laid on the roll

The space between the beams is filled only after all work on the installation of the beams has been completed. Boards up to 50 cm thick are well suited here. For rolling, they are nailed from below to the beams. It is possible to make shields from such boards along the cranial bars, but if you use I-beams, then there is no need for them.

It is necessary to lay a layer of insulating and insulating material on the reel, at least 10 cm thick. The point is not only to preserve heat, but also to provide sufficient sound insulation.

After that, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. For the floor, wooden logs are nailed to the beams to begin with. The rest depends on the type of flooring. If it is planned to be wooden, then the boards are placed directly on the logs, but if we are talking about linoleum, laminate or parquet, then first it is worth equipping a continuous leveling coating. Suitable for plywood or chipboard. The roll-up from below can also be hemmed with drywall, clapboard or some other material, depending on what the ceiling should be.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt: something you can't do without

One of the most important parts of the floor structure is a monolithic reinforced concrete belt.

One of the most important parts of the floor structure in an aerated concrete house is a reinforced monolithic belt. The main task of this belt is to distribute the load from the floors and the roof. Due to the special importance of this belt, it is sometimes also called an annular beam.

For the arrangement of the belt, reinforcement and concrete grade M200 are required. As a reinforcing element, it is best to use steel rods and staples. The diameter of the rods should be about 8 mm, and the staples should be 6 mm.

Staples for connection, rods are installed at a distance of 15 cm from each other. After that, they are placed inside the formwork.

I use U-shaped aerated concrete blocks as formwork. The exact position of the reinforcement inside the blocks is provided by spacers. When they are set and secured, it's time for concreting. But before him it is necessary to moisten the walls of the formwork.

Concrete for a monolithic belt must be laid in layers, each of which is well compacted with a trowel. Metal, especially at the bottom, must be tightly filled with material. After the ring beam is completely ready, all excess concrete should be removed as quickly as possible. If there is a protruding gravel, then it is drowned in the filler. Concrete will harden for about three days. To build walls, a thin layer of mortar is applied to the belt.

General requirements for the construction of wooden floors

The construction of ceilings is a responsible business. It is necessary to monitor their strength, ability to withstand loads. In addition, different types require different approaches. But, if we are talking about a house made of aerated concrete blocks, then there are a number of requirements that must be taken into account:

Overlappings can only be laid on a reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete belt, to distribute the load;
They should not lie on either internal structures or external walls. The first must be for this below the external load-bearing walls;
To hold the supporting structures of the floor, reinforcing bars are installed, which are anchored. The length depends on the type;
A gap is left between the floor beams and blocks in the niches, which is filled with waterproofing materials;
The length of the beams should not exceed 6 m, and the height and width are calculated based on the span length and the expected load.

Wooden floors for a house made of aerated concrete blocks are the most suitable option both if you build with your own hands, and if you hire builders. Their installation is much easier than reinforced concrete. As a result, the cost is less. In addition, due to the lightness of the design, you do not have to spend on a strong foundation.

The choice in favor of wooden floors is a choice in favor of affordability, strength and durability. This is a modern choice, because wood is a natural material. No wonder today they are increasingly preferred again. Reviews of wooden floors can be read on the forums.

Video

Watch a video about the construction of wooden floors

If the construction of the house is carried out from aerated concrete, the best overlap for it is wooden. This is the most economical option that can be made by hand.

Only two people are required to install it. Another advantage of wood is its low weight, which is very important for aerated concrete.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are interfloor, basement and attic. The fundamental difference between them is small, but there are some features of their arrangement.

Floor materials

Wooden beams. Material - solid wood or glued beams. Their dimensions should not be less than 50x150 mm. They should not have weak areas or large knots that could affect their bearing capacity. The wood must be dry at the time of installation. The specific dimensions of the beams depend on the length of the overlapped span and the spacing of their laying. This provides a design load of 400 kg per square of overlap.

Boards for ceiling and floor.
Wooden logs.
Wooden bars 5x5 cm.
Roll and coating waterproofing to prevent contact between wood and aerated concrete. If there is direct contact between these materials, the difference in thermal characteristics will lead to the formation of condensate, as a result of which the wood will rot.
Mineral wool insulation.
Material for the inner lining of the floor. OSB, plywood, clapboard, drywall, etc. can be used.
Antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations. They are necessary for the impregnation of beams and boards. Impregnations prevent wood decay, damage by pests, and fire.
Cement and sand to create an armored belt.

Production of armored belt

Since gas blocks have a relatively fragile structure, it is necessary to form a reinforcing belt of reinforced concrete before arranging the ceiling on the walls. It will evenly distribute pressure loads over the entire area of the walls, and also additionally strengthen the walls of the house.

To create an armored belt, U-shaped gas blocks are used, which are stacked as the top row. In the absence of such blocks, they can be made independently by cutting out recesses in ordinary aerated concrete. After laying the U-shaped blocks, a power frame of reinforcement is formed in the recesses. It consists of four longitudinal rods interconnected into a single structure. Pieces of wood are placed under the bottom reinforcement to create a monolithic layer of concrete under the metal.

After that, concrete is poured into blocks. The surface for laying the floor is ready. The armored belt can also be made without U-shaped blocks, simply by pouring concrete into the formwork fixed over the walls, but this method is too time-consuming.

The device of interfloor overlapping

We list the procedure for performing work on the creation of an interfloor ceiling made of wood.

Approximate scheme of a wooden floor. Designations: 1 - floor; 2 - waterproofing; 3 - insulation; 4 - counter rail; 5 - beam; 6 - draft ceiling; 7 - vapor barrier; 8 - interior finishing.

Laying beams

The formation of the overlap begins with the laying of power beams on the walls. They are laid perpendicular to the long walls of the house. The laying step usually does not exceed 1 m. B Alkas should go on the walls at least 15 cm. First, the extreme beams are installed, which are displayed in level, by means of a long and even board, placed on the end. There should not be a tight abutment of the extreme beams to the walls. A gap of about 3–4 cm should be left between them. Subsequently, this gap will be filled with insulation.

Installed wooden beams

The outer beams are mounted on the wall, after which the remaining beams are installed. Not only their level is controlled, but also the horizontal position. If the length of the support beams turned out to be insufficient, they can be built up with the same material. To do this, two beams are overlapped from 0.5 m to 1 m, after which they are bolted. Such a connection is considered quite reliable.

The beam is fastened to the armored belt by means of anchor plates in the following order:

The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of about 70 degrees to ensure the removal of moisture.
The tree from all sides and from the ends is covered with antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations.

Tip: the ends of the beams must not be coated with oily impregnations or paint. In this case, the evaporation of moisture from the wood will be disturbed.

Parts of the beams that go onto the wall are coated with a layer of bituminous mastic, and wrapped with several layers of roofing material.
The beams are fastened with anchor plates to the armored belt.
The outer ends of the beams on the outside of the walls are insulated with expanded polystyrene.

Beam insulation

The voids between the laid beams are filled. This can be done with bricks, but preferably with gas blocks. Between the blocks and the tree, it is necessary to leave gaps of 2–3 cm. These voids are tightly clogged with mineral wool. This prevents the formation of condensate and dampness of the wood from contact with the walls.

Roof laying and floor insulation

To insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to make a roll. Along the bottom of the laid beams, 5x5 cm bars are attached. They can be fixed with long self-tapping screws. Boards of boards are laid on them, but separate cut-out pieces of boards can also be used. Insulation (mineral wool or expanded polystyrene) is tightly laid on the boards. The recommended thickness of the insulation is from 10 cm.

Log laying and flooring

On top of the created structure, perpendicular to the beams, logs are laid, which are also pre-treated with special impregnations. Logs usually have a smaller section than beams. The step of laying the log is 50–70 cm. The logs are attached to the beams. Floor boards are laid over the fixed logs. From below, the ceiling is sheathed with OSB, chipboard, drywall or multilayer plywood.

Ground floor covering device

If the ceiling is made over a heated basement, its design is no different from the interfloor ceiling device. If the basement is cold, such as a basement, there are some features of its arrangement.

Since water vapor tends to circulate from a warm room to a cold basement, the heat insulator will absorb a lot of moisture. To prevent this, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of it. It is also recommended to increase the thickness of the insulation layer to 20 cm. All beams, as well as other wooden floor elements, must be protected from decay with special compounds.

Attic floor device

The difference between the attic floor and the interfloor floor is the absence of a floor, as well as the use of a thicker layer of thermal insulation. If an attic is built on top, then the floor is also made. A wooden ceiling for walls made of aerated concrete blocks, when properly installed, will ensure the reliability and durability of the built house. At the same time, the cost of work and materials will be much lower than when using reinforced concrete floors.

Overlap - horizontal design, which is not only a separating barrier between floors, a residential level and a basement or roof, but also performs transfer and distribution function the load taken on by the load-bearing walls and other elements also ensures the rigidity of the house.

And if it's about roofing, basement or basement ceilings, then they must be arranged in such a way as to guarantee the preservation of heat.

The device of a monolithic reinforcing belt

For aerated concrete buildings reinforcing belt device is mandatory. Besides what it does load distribution function from the ceilings themselves, the walls of the upper floor, and the so-called payload: people, interior items, equipment, etc., armored belt compensates for the main disadvantage of aerated concrete associated with its inability to bend.
And despite the fact that aerated concrete withstands compression well, the absence of a reinforcing belt will lead to an uneven load on the load-bearing walls. As a result, cracks appear on the walls, and some blocks may even burst. For the device of a reinforcing or strapping circuit heavy types of concrete are used and fittings corresponding class A III.

One of the ways to construct a reinforcing belt can be as follows:

first, concrete blocks are installed along the outer edge or you can use silicate brick for this;
reinforcement is laid between them and the edge of the ceiling, which is necessarily tied up (cell size, on average, 10 × 10 cm);
corners, external and internal, are reinforced with steel brackets;
thereafter - reinforcing belt poured with concrete

The main types of floors for houses made of aerated concrete

When building houses from aerated concrete, you can use both monolithic and prefabricated floors. Overlappings can be arranged on wooden and metal beams, using hollow core slabs made of heavy concrete or cellular concrete, prefabricated monolithic structures or produced directly on site in the form of a monolithic slab.
Each type of cover has its undeniable advantages and, accordingly, the disadvantages, but given the popularity of the use of aerated concrete in private housing construction, the following three selection criteria come to the fore:

The need to use special equipment;
The cost of materials and installation;
Construction speed.

Selection of floors by strength characteristics and maximum loads, in most cases is not relevant, since all these types provide it at a level sufficient for this category of construction objects, on average, the calculated data are within from 500 to 800 kg load per 1 m² area.

But when choosing, materials are preferred having less weight, while maintaining the strength characteristics, and a sufficient service life, commensurate with aerated concrete, and resistance to various external influences: natural or chemical character.

Ceilings from aerated concrete slabs

The use of material similar in properties and characteristics for floors for houses made of aerated concrete is justified, especially considering that the thermal conductivity of the material is the same. Moreover, having settled on this material, you can choose for a house floor device:

prefabricated monolithic structures, which, during the installation process, are reinforced by the device of concrete reinforced joints;
monolithic slabs;
reinforced concrete slabs for coverings.

Many manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks offer the production of floor slabs according to individual sizes, but on average length is up to 6 m, width- up to 1.5 -1.8 m, and thickness- only 30 cm, and the calculated load per 1 m² is about 600 kg. Aerated concrete floor slabs are manufactured only by autoclave, and their density corresponds to D500.

Often monolithic slabs supplied with tongue and groove joints, which ensures the tightness of their fit to each other, and the installation is carried out in the shortest possible time- in one work shift, a team of 2-4 people can cover an area from 50 to 120 m². The most crucial moment when installing floors in this way is agreeing on the terms of production of plates, their transportation to the site and the crane rental time required for this.

For floors using prefabricated monolithic T-shaped blocks special lightweight reinforced concrete beams are used, the length of which is about 7 m, and the height is only 20 cm. The weight of this design is approximately 120 kg, which allows it to be installed manually.

Beam installation step is 68 cm, which, with a block length of 60 cm, provides it with support on a beam equal to 2 cm on each side. When installing the first row, one side of the floor block is also must be at least 2 cm lean on the load-bearing wall of the building.

Formed connections between blocks, in the form of grooves must be filled with concrete., its class must correspond to B20, and after all the floor blocks are laid, knitted reinforcing mesh and a layer of concrete of 5 cm is laid. Complete setting of concrete occurs after 4 weeks, but it is allowed to partially load the structure after 6-7 days.

Ceilings from reinforced concrete slabs

Traditional hollow core heavy concrete floor slabs are quite can be used for houses constructed from aerated concrete. Their use is most justified if the formed spans are 4.5-6 meters. But before proceeding with the installation, also a durable monolithic armored belt is required, which will distribute its rather large weight to the load-bearing walls.

In terms of cost, this one of the most economical device options overlapping of the building, even taking into account the fact that it is necessary to involve special equipment for their installation, namely a crane. In addition, the delivery of slabs to the construction site is often accompanied by certain difficulties., considering the weight and especially the length of the products. The overlap of this type of slab allows loads of 800 and even a little more per 1 m².

Wooden and metal beams

On wooden beams in aerated concrete houses it is possible to arrange not only interfloor ceilings, but also basement, attic or attic. But it is not recommended to use this type in case if the distance between load-bearing walls exceeds 6 m, in this case, a deflection occurs that exceeds 1/300 of the length of the log or beam used as beams. The size of the beam section is determined primarily by its type, the planned loads and the span length.

But it is important to observe the following rule: the distance between the axes of adjacent beams should be within the range of half a meter to a meter.

Supporting a beam on a pre-prepared reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete should be 12-15 cm. To fix them, special anchor plates with an anti-corrosion coating are used.

But, giving preference to wooden beams, it should be remembered that they must be treated with antipyretic compounds, as well as means directed against the reproduction of insects and various microorganisms. The only thing you should exclude are products made on an oily basis, since they prevent moisture from evaporating and given the moisture absorption of the main building material of the building, it will worsen its strength and performance characteristics.

It is also important to take care of sufficient thermal insulation of such a floor- this will protect against the formation of a dew point right in the beam itself. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection of the wall and the beam, the so-called interface node.

To prevent moisture condensation in this area, all gaps must be sealed, for example, sealants or plaits from polyethylene foam. Full contact should not be allowed along the entire length of the beam with the wall, in this place 5 cm clearance required, which is sealed with insulation, most often it is mineral wool.

Beams, the length of which exceeds 4-4.5 m, due to their deflection deform and break monolithic belt, therefore it is recommended before installing them, to perform a small chamfer at their ends to exclude the manifestation of these negative processes. After the beams are installed, you can proceed to the device of the subfloor and the laying of thermal insulation, and if the basement is being performed, you need to take care of effective vapor barrier.

Similarly, the installation of metal beams occurs, for which are used:

I-beams;
channel;
pipes with a square section.

Their bearing capacity high enough, they provide allowable loads up to 500-600 kg per 1 m², but must have reliable anti-corrosion treatment. Their installation, as well as wooden beams, does not require the involvement of special equipment and can be performed by a team of 2-3 people.

Monolithic overlap

The device of this type of overlap is also is valid in houses made of aerated concrete and arranged using formwork. In this case, the thickness of the slab can be 10-20 cm. Such a floor has the highest bearing capacity, exceeding 800 kg / 1 m². For such a cover span doesn't matter, as well as the configuration: it can be made both round and semicircular, as well as any other shape.

Concrete can be made directly on the site, but it is recommended to use the factory, with exact observance of all technology of its production. Also, most likely, the services of a concrete pump will be required, since the mixture must be supplied to a certain height.

In private housing construction, aerated concrete is especially popular, as it allows you to build a two-storey house up to 100 m² in a short time for little money - this is a budget option. The ceilings of the first and second floors can be monolithic or prefabricated from reinforced concrete or cellular concrete slabs, metal, wood. When choosing a method for arranging floors, many factors are taken into account: the bearing capacity, the level of reliability and weight of the chosen structure, financial calculations and the time frame allotted for building a house. The way the floor is laid depends on the type of foundation chosen. About how you can make the floor of the first floor in a house of aerated concrete - today's material.

Foam concrete, gas silicate and aerated concrete belong to the category of cellular concrete - a separate type of building material containing in its structure a large number of air chambers (from 70 to 90%). The advantage of this material is its high thermal insulation properties, the disadvantage is its low strength, depending on the concentration of air cells. In this regard, before the construction of an aerated concrete house, careful calculations are carried out.

The main features of aerated concrete include the following:

When building a house over 1 floor, serious calculations must be made.
It is important to exclude all factors leading to shrinkage of the house, otherwise cracks in the structure of the blocks cannot be avoided. Therefore, they are especially careful in arranging the foundation pit and foundation.
Aerated concrete has thermal insulation properties, but retains heat poorly.
It is important to perform high-quality interior and exterior decoration. At the same time, it is worth remembering that aerated concrete walls do not hold fasteners well.
Particular attention is paid to the choice of floor material, which should not be too heavy.

Floor of the first floor: requirements

In order to properly equip the floor on the ground floor, you need to know about the requirements that it must meet:

The material must be strong, reliable and durable.
The overlap must adequately endure climatic, technological and temperature influences.
The structure must withstand permanent and temporary loads from load-bearing walls and foundations.
The base must be fairly rigid, with regard to the allowable deflection performance of the structure.
The design should not create bridges of sound and cold;
The material must have thermal insulation properties.

Everything starts from the foundation

Aerated concrete differs from other building materials in that it has too low resistance to bending loads. This leads to the fact that even with a slight mobility of the foundation, cracks appear in the walls. Therefore, an important step in the construction of a house from aerated concrete is the choice of the type of foundation, and then, based on the characteristics of the foundation, the optimal design of the floor of the first floor is selected.

Taking into account the characteristics of aerated concrete, the number of suitable types of base is significantly reduced. The foundation for an aerated concrete house should be well reinforced and as stable as possible. These include: a monolithic slab, tape and columnar structures.

When groundwater passes close to the surface of the earth, it is necessary to provide a high-quality ring or wall drainage system, which will significantly increase the cost of work, as well as perform high-quality waterproofing of the base, or choose another material for construction.

The best option for the construction of a small-sized structure would be a monolithic strip foundation. Prefabricated structures are not recommended. It is possible to install a pile foundation. In this case, to prevent cracking of aerated concrete walls, a solid frame of the reinforced concrete grillage should be arranged.

The best solution for an aerated concrete house is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab as a foundation, despite the fact that the cost of such a foundation is much more expensive. In this case, the slab will serve as a draft base.

Features of the floor device on the ground

This is the easiest and most economical way to arrange the floor. It can be done in two variations - in the form of a screed or in the form of a wooden flooring.

Screed device

The peculiarity of such a floor is that there is no air gap between it and the ground. The base does not take on the load from the walls and roof - it is distributed on the strip foundation, but only bears the load from the finishing coating, furniture, equipment and the weight of people.

Such a floor construction is multi-layered and each layer plays a certain role in it. These include:

Sole.
Lining layer.
waterproofing layer.
Insulation.
Screed.
Leveling layer.
Clean coverage.

Table 1. Making the floor of the first floor on the ground by pouring a concrete screed

Image	Description
	Perform marking of the room, determining the upper point of the masonry. In order to set the required height of the concrete floor structure, it is necessary to determine the zero level. To do this, 1 m recedes upwards from the lower edge of the doorway and connects with a line similar points transferred to other walls. From the received line, they retreat 1 m down, put a mark and draw a parallel upper line, which will be the zero level.
	When preparing the soil, construction waste is removed. Remove the top layer according to the markings for the thickness of the concrete floor. Then they start tamping and leveling the surface using a vibrating plate - a special tool for compacting the soil. As a result, you should get an even and dense base that leaves no traces of walking on it.
	The gravel is backfilled with a layer of 5 to 10 cm, spilled with water and rammed. Pegs set in level can serve as a guide for obtaining a uniform layer of backfill.
	The next layer is sandy, 10 cm thick. Also carefully packed. After that, we fill up and compact the crushed stone and another layer of sand, which is carefully rammed and leveled so that the sharp edges of the crushed stone bedding elements do not stick out on the surface.
	Dense polyethylene is laid on top of the sand, forming a waterproofing layer. The edges of the canvases lead to the walls, the laying is carried out with an overlap of 15 cm, the joints are glued with adhesive tape. Instead of a film, you can use a special waterproofing membrane.
	At the next stage, the insulation is laid in accordance with the technological features of the material. More often it is slab or bulk material.
	The floor structure is laid using a floating method, therefore, a damper cushion (tape) from chopped insulation is laid around the perimeter of the room.
	The multilayer floor structure must be reinforced with a metal or PVC mesh with cells of 10 x 10, 15 x 15 or 20 x 20 cm, depending on the upcoming load. The grid should be located above the insulation at a distance of 2-3 cm; for this, special supports are used. When using PVC mesh, it is pulled over fixed pegs.
	The solution is prepared and the screed is poured in the traditional way according to pre-installed beacons, stretching the mixture using the rule. Work starts from the far corner.
	The screed is left to dry, covered with foil, for 28-30 days.
	After the screed has dried, it is necessary to evaluate its evenness and, depending on the finishing material, a decision is made on additional alignment using special compounds or by grinding.

Ground floor: dry screed

The advantages of a dry screed are that the laying process does not require a long drying time. The final coating can be laid the very next day.

The first stages of preparation: the device of the pillow and are performed as in the previously described case. Further, the technology is different.

A film waterproofing layer is covered along the rough screed and beacons are installed, using metal profiles for working with gypsum plasterboard, fixed to self-tapping screws.

Between the beacons, expanded clay or other bedding specially designed for this purpose is covered and rammed. A uniform layer is formed using a rule and the material is compacted.

Gypsum-fiber boards are laid on top of an even layer of backfill, gluing the joints with adhesive. In this case, the joints of each row should not coincide. Additionally perform fixation on self-tapping screws.

Note! Laying a dry screed is carried out by a floating method, therefore, a damper tape is fixed around the perimeter of the room.

Floor device on logs

Wooden floors on poles on the ground is another common way to construct a floor structure with a strip foundation. Installation takes place as follows.

First, soil preparation is carried out - leveling and tamping. Then a crushed stone layer 5 cm thick is poured. The crushed stone must be compacted and spilled with bitumen.

With a step of 80 cm, mark the location of the brick pillars under the logs. Install brick columns of the same height. If necessary, level with a solution from above to bring it into one plane.

Roofing material is laid on top of each column, which acts as a waterproofing agent. Then the beams are laid. An independent structure is obtained due to the fact that the beams are not attached to the walls. From below, the boards are lined with boards for laying insulation. First, a layer of vapor barrier is laid, and then mineral wool.

A layer of vapor barrier and a grooved board are laid on the insulation, which can serve as a basis for a decorative coating, as well as an independent finishing layer. Also, for decorative material, you can use thick moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards.

What nuances to consider when installing a floor on the ground

Regardless of which floor device technology is chosen, the following nuances will need to be taken into account:

At the stage of preparing the base, the fertile soil layer is removed, the roots are removed, since this layer is unsuitable for tamping.
The waterproofing membrane or film is laid in two layers perpendicular to each other.
In addition to waterproofing properties, the film or membrane must be resistant to water vapor.
Waterproofing must be installed on the walls to a height of at least 15 cm.
Be sure to provide a damper layer around the perimeter of the room - this will protect the screed from cracking and extend its service life.

Video - Floor device in aerated concrete house

Base: monolithic reinforced concrete slab

The main advantages of a monolithic slab foundation include the following:

This is the most reliable type of base that can be used on almost all types of soil. The formation of a concrete slab is carried out on top of a cushion of crushed stone and sand.
The device of such a foundation is not associated with complex preparation - you only need to clear the site and remove the fertile soil layer.
The technology of pouring the slab is extremely simple and does not require special skills.
Such a base is able to withstand heavy loads.
Due to the presence of a reinforcing element in the slab, the load from the heaving of the soil, as well as from the weight of the building, is evenly distributed over the base.
Compared to other types of foundations, the construction of a slab foundation is not so labor intensive.

Among the shortcomings, the lack of a basement and the high cost associated with a large volume of concrete solution are noted.

After the device on the surface of the monolithic slab of the rough screed, choose the material for the device floor. There are two options - to perform a final insulated screed, to mount a screed with a "warm floor" system, or to choose a wooden floor. It is worth noting that the screed can be not only traditional, but also semi-dry or dry.

Floor on lags

To fix the boardwalk, logs are used, which are fixed at a distance equal to the width of the insulation - usually 60 cm. First, a waterproofing film layer is laid over the entire surface of the slab or a coating technique is used. You can also use roofing material, glassine or a membrane.

Coating waterproofing of the slab

To increase heat saving, a foil-clad foamed polyethylene is laid with a foil top.

An important step is the installation of the lag - they must be set to the level and securely fixed. This will ensure the quality of wood flooring and its service life. The joists can be adjusted using wooden or plywood wedges or pads on brick or wooden posts. As experienced craftsmen advise, the logs should be fixed to the base through the regulating pads.

You can choose a more modern way of fixing - adjustable lags.

Thermal insulation material is laid between the lags. You can use mineral wool boards or a roll analogue, polystyrene or expanded polystyrene, bulk heat insulator - expanded clay. The main condition is that the material must fit snugly against the lags, without forming gaps. To ensure this, it is necessary to think over the width between the lags in advance, it can be 1-2 mm less than the width of the insulation so that it is laid as tightly as possible. In addition, at the stage of laying the insulation, if necessary, communications are laid inside the structure.

A vapor barrier film or polyethylene is laid on top of the heat-insulating layer. The canvases are overlapped by at least 15 cm, the joints are glued with adhesive tape.

If there is a desire that the house has a wooden floor, then the next step is to install the flooring from the grooved board. The advantages of such a coating lie not only in its naturalness and natural beauty, but also in durability, the possibility of repeated renewal of the decorative layer. If desired, subsequently the boardwalk can become the basis for other decorative coatings - laminate, wood, tiles.

If it is planned to lay other decorative coatings, then the basis for them may be a flooring made of plywood or OSB boards. Moisture-resistant plywood is laid in two layers with spaced seams, fixed with glue and self-tapping screws. The joints between the sheets are puttied, and the flooring, before laying the decorative coating, is subjected to grinding and cleaning of wood dust and other contaminants with a vacuum cleaner.

Choice of wood

The following requirements apply to the wood that is used to make a wooden floor:

The material must not be wet, the maximum moisture content is 12%.
Boards must have the correct geometric shape, without bends and cracks.
Wood must undergo a special treatment with protective substances - antiperens and antiseptics.
For the device of the floor, hardwoods are chosen - pine, larch, cedar, oak, ash.
The thickness of the board is selected depending on the distance between the lags and the upcoming load.

The device of a warm screed on a concrete base

Table 2. The process of installing a traditional screed for insulation

Illustration	Description
	The first stage is preparatory. If there is an old coating, then it is removed to a monolithic base. During a visual inspection, a decision is made on the need to remove exfoliating sections of the concrete monolith. Sometimes it is enough to grind the concrete - the main thing is that the base is even, without recesses or growths.
	All dirt and dust is removed from the surface of the base, first with a brush, then with an industrial vacuum cleaner.
	In the presence of cracks and recesses, they are sealed with mortar or mounting foam.
	The next stage involves the thorough processing of the concrete base with a primer. The composition will strengthen the concrete surface and prevent the formation of dust on its surface. The primer is applied several times, after the complete drying of each layer.
	You will need to prime the walls along the perimeter of the room to a height of 10 - 15 cm and the joint between the floor and the wall.
	The evenness of the base is checked using a building level and, if necessary, leveled with special bulk compounds.
	At the next stage, the base is waterproofed using roll material, which is brought onto the walls. Cloths laid with an overlap must be glued with adhesive tape. Or apply the coating method of waterproofing.
	A damper tape is fixed around the perimeter of the room. It is advisable to purchase ready-made material of the appropriate width - the tape should be 5 mm higher than the screed.
	At the next stage, the insulation is tightly laid. They cover it with a film and fix the reinforcing mesh so that it is located above the insulation at a distance of 3 mm. For this, special plastic supports are used.
	Pour the screed and leave to dry for 28 days.

When the screed dries, it is sanded and, if necessary, leveled with bulk compounds. After that, you can start laying the final coating.

The number of houses built from aerated concrete blocks is increasing significantly every year. This is due not only to the popularity of the material, but also the possibility of accelerated construction. Finished buildings are warm and environmentally friendly. In addition, the use of a gas block allows you to get a perfectly flat surface of the walls. When planning the design of the house, you also need to decide which floors in the house made of aerated concrete are better and more reliable.

Main types

When building houses from a gas block, prefabricated or monolithic floors can be made. They are installed on metal and wooden beams using prefabricated monolithic structures or slabs with voids made of cellular and heavy concrete. If possible, builders can make the floor from a monolithic slab made on site. Each type of flooring has its pros and cons. Considering the fact that aerated concrete is more often used in the construction of private houses, several main selection criteria can be distinguished.

Among them, the priority ones are:

construction time;
installation and material costs;
the need for specialized equipment.

When choosing the type of floor in an aerated concrete house, you should not get hung up on calculating the indicators of its strength and maximum load. For all types, they are at a fairly high level, and also comply with the standards for low-rise construction.

Still, it is better to give preference to materials with the smallest weight. But at the same time, their service life and strength must correspond to similar characteristics of aerated concrete. In addition, they must be resistant to the negative effects of natural and chemical types.

Reinforced concrete slabs

In aerated concrete houses, it is possible to make a ceiling structure from hollow reinforced concrete slabs. They are mainly used for spans over four meters.. In such cases, you must first make a monolithic armored belt, which helps to evenly distribute the heavy weight on the load-bearing walls.

This option can be called one of the most economical, despite the fact that even to install the floor of the first floor in an aerated concrete house, you need to rent a crane.

Problems can arise only with the delivery of reinforced concrete slabs to a construction site, since they are heavy and of considerable length. In ceilings made of such slabs, the permissible load is 800 kg per 1 sq. m.

Ceilings from aerated concrete

The choice of this type of construction ensures that the heat-conducting functions of the entire structure are observed at a single level. In addition, the weight of aerated concrete slabs is much less than the mass of a reinforced concrete counterpart. An important advantage of the material is the fact that some types of plates can be interconnected using the tongue-and-groove system provided. If there is no such connection, then the plates are combined with the involvement of reinforcement and sand-cement mortar.

If necessary, you can make an individual order for products of non-standard size to the manufacturer. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the overlapping canvas must exceed the span length by at least 20 cm.

And also it is necessary to take into account the production time of the order in order to prevent downtime of construction work.

Monolithic construction

The device of a monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete is also quite acceptable. Work on its installation is carried out using formwork. The finished length thickness varies between 10-20 cm. This type of flooring has the highest bearing capacity.(more than 800 kg per 1 sq. m.).

In this case, the shape and parameters of the span are of no importance. The floor and ceiling in the house can be made absolutely any configuration: both semicircular and rectangular.

Concrete mixture can be made directly on the site, but it is still better to order it at the factory. In some cases, a concrete pump may be required, as the work is carried out at height.

Metal and wood products

Wooden beams are suitable for attic and attic floors. But they are not recommended for use in all buildings, but only in those where the span is less than six meters. In this case, it will be possible to prevent the occurrence of deflections. The wooden floor of the house made of aerated concrete has some of its requirements.

These include:

obligatory device of support on a reinforced belt (13–15 cm wide) made of monolithic reinforced concrete;
fastening with anchor plates;
beams impregnated with antimicrobial and flame retardant compounds;
laying steam and thermal insulation.

Plywood sheets or boards must be laid on the beams, and the space is insulated with mineral wool or expanded clay.

To ensure the greatest load-bearing capacity, a metal structure can be installed. In this case, channel bars, I-beams and square pipes are used. Before use, they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound..

The main advantages of this option are low financial costs and the fast pace of work of the construction team. Such an overlap of the second floor in an aerated concrete house will be more reliable and durable.

Before installing interfloor ceilings, you need to calculate the exact cost and time required to complete all the work. As well as it is necessary to determine the load on the walls, depending on the use of a particular material. In one building, you can combine different types of floors. For example, for the entire building, choose monolithic or aerated concrete slabs, and for the ceiling of the last floor - wooden beams. The final choice always remains with the owner of the house.