Causes of low platelets and methods to increase them. The reasons why the low level of platelets in the blood The consequences of thrombocytopenia: methods for their elimination

Platelets are small cells that are part of the blood, represented by plates ranging in size from 2 to 4 microns, which do not have color and nuclei. The cells are produced in the red bone marrow, from where they are released into the circulatory system.

The main role of platelets is to regulate the process of blood clotting and maintain it in a liquid state. Also, the cells "react" to the bleeding that has developed in the human body and eliminate them, forming a blood clot.

The normal content of platelets is an important condition for maintaining human health. Any deviations (increased or decreased) can lead to serious complications and cause enormous harm to the body.

Norm

The norm in children

Norm in men and women

The norm in pregnant women

trimester of pregnancy	norm (x10 9 / l)

I trimester	150-340
II trimester	150-330
III trimester	140-320

Reduced level and its causes

A condition in which the level of platelet concentration is less than 160x10 9 / l of blood (in an adult) is called thrombocytopenia.

What does low platelets mean?

Pathology is classified according to severity and isolate:

I degree(moderately low content), in which the level of cells in the blood varies within 50-160x10 9 /l, and hemostasis is characterized as satisfactory;
II degree(platelets are sharply lowered) - a decrease in platelets to a level of 20-50x10 9 / l, which is characterized by the occurrence of hemorrhages under the skin and prolonged bleeding during injuries;
III degree(severe thrombocytopenia) is a condition in which the concentration of platelets in the blood is below 20x10 9 /l. A pronounced decrease in platelets in a patient is accompanied by the development of spontaneous bleeding, both external and internal.

Severe thrombocytopenia is a reason for emergency hospitalization of the patient.

Thrombocytopenia is also classified according to the forms:

immune- the most common form of pathology that develops a few weeks after an infectious disease or while taking certain groups of drugs, including after vaccination;
Heteroimmune- platelets are lowered due to a violation of the antigenic structure of cells by pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, chemicals;
Isoimmune- platelets are lowered, mainly in children due to the transfer of cells from the fetus to the mother (identical to the incompatibility of the Rh factor), as well as as a result of donor blood transfusion;
autoimmune- a pathology that consists in a dysfunction of the immune mechanism, in which the production of antibodies to platelets begins.

Causes of Decreased Platelet Levels

How low the platelets are and what it means, only a doctor can determine!

There are 3 main causes of low platelets:

Violations of the functions of the red bone marrow (the red bone marrow does not produce the required number of platelets);
Active production of antibodies that destroy platelets;
Dysfunction and changes in the spleen.

The causes of moderately low platelets are:

Alcohol abuse, chronic alcoholism. Alcohol inhibits the work of the red bone marrow, leading to a lack of folic acid in the body, which is necessary for hematopoiesis. With alcoholism, platelets in the blood are lowered to 80x10 9 / l, as evidenced by the cyanosis of the body;
Pregnancy. A small number of platelets in pregnant women is observed due to hormonal changes, blood thinning, vitamin deficiency, etc.;
Pathology of the liver. The liver is an organ in which the synthesis of certain substances involved in the process of blood clotting occurs. A decrease in their production due to certain liver diseases leads to increased bleeding and the consumption of large numbers of platelets;
Use of certain drugs. The development of thrombocytopenia of the I degree is possible when taking diuretics, antibacterial, antitumor drugs, analgin, heparin, nitroglycerin, reserpine and vitamin K;
Disseminated blood coagulation inside the vessels (DIC). A condition that develops with various kinds of pathologies and is characterized by rapid blood clotting in small vessels with the formation of blood clots in them, which consumes a large number of platelets;
Heart failure. With heart failure, the blood supply to the organs of the heart is disrupted, which leads to stagnation of blood in the spleen. Also, the consumption of platelets occurs as a result of thrombosis in the vessels.
Radiation therapy. In the treatment of tumor diseases, radiation is used, which, in addition to destroying cancer cells, can damage the red bone marrow, which leads to inevitable disturbances in the production of platelets and other blood cells;

The reason for the decrease in platelets to the stage of moderate thrombocytopenia may lie in autoimmune diseases.

Decreased platelet count to severe thrombocytopenia can be caused by:

Acute leukemia. With leukemia, cancer cells form in the bone marrow, which displace the physiological hematopoietic tissue, which affects the formation of platelets and red blood cells;
Hemolytic disease of the child, the development of which is associated with the incompatibility of maternal blood with the blood of the fetus according to the group and Rh factor;
Systemic lupus erythematosus;
A severe form of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Decreased platelets in the blood to critical levels are characteristic of:

Acute radiation sickness;
Overdoses of anticancer drugs;
Severe forms of leukemia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a condition in which the platelet count in the blood is below normal are often weak. The reduction in platelet tests depends on the specific disease or condition.

However, there are characteristic signs that should be the reason for seeking medical help, such as:

The appearance of ecchymosis (bruising) in the skin for no apparent reason;
Purpura (small subcutaneous effusions of blood in the form of spots);
Prolonged bleeding even from minor wounds;
Frequent nose and gum bleeding;
The appearance of red spots on the skin (petechiae);
Bleeding in the mouth;
internal bleeding;
Prolonged, profuse menstruation and intermenstrual bleeding (in women).

Diagnostics

In order to determine the causes of a low level of platelets and understand why the low values in the analysis, it is necessary to carry out a number of diagnostic measures:

Genetic tests;
Analysis for the determination of antibodies;
ultrasound; radiography;
Endoscopy.

Treatment

A low platelet count is often a symptom of a serious disease, so cases of its detection require the mandatory elimination of underlying diseases.
Urgent care is needed for the patient in cases of bleeding with thrombocytopenia. The main goal of therapy is to prevent extensive blood loss.

A person is shown to administer hemostatic drugs, such as:

Etamzilat;
Vikasol;
Aminocaproic acid;
They also resort to transfusion of platelet mass from a donor.

After the patient's condition stabilizes, the necessary examination and planned treatment are carried out.
In the treatment of low platelet levels in autoimmune diseases, glucocorticosteroid therapy is carried out, such as Cortinef, Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone, etc.

If platelets are destroyed by the spleen, then there is a need for resection of the organ. If platelets are still low after removal of the spleen, chemotherapy is indicated.

To stimulate the synthesis of platelets, folic acid, vitamin B 12, thrombopoietin Revolade, and biostimulants are used.

Sometimes it is possible to lower the concentration of platelets by general therapeutic measures:

Cancellation of drugs that could cause a decrease in the concentration of platelets;
Balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals;
Treatment of infectious diseases;
Refusal to use tobacco and alcohol;
Healing Fitness;
Taking vitamin preparations.

Complications

Complications of low platelets in the blood can be dangerous and even fatal to humans. People whose blood contains few platelets may experience bleeding in internal organs, hemorrhages in the eyes, followed by loss of vision, large blood loss, cerebral hemorrhage, which often end in the death of the patient.

Video - why platelet levels are falling

Platelets (platelets, PLT cells) are responsible for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, are involved in the processes of blood coagulation, tissue repair. If platelets are lowered to 30 -50 * 10 9 /l, which is much less than the norm in adults, then this indicates a significant degree of thrombocytopenia.

A decrease in the number of platelets to 50 - 150 * 10 9 / l indicates a moderate degree of thrombocytopenia. You can read about the degrees of decrease in platelets, the rate of PLT cells on a separate page of the site.

Types of thrombocytopenia

A decrease in platelets in the blood in adults accompanies many diseases. Depending on the reasons for the reduced PLT cell counts in the blood test, thrombocytopenia is distinguished:

consumption - are caused by the acceleration of the utilization of blood platelets, the shortening of their life cycle;
- immune thrombocytopenic purpura;
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or DSV syndrome;
- eclampsia, pre-eclampsia and Hellp syndrome - a condition in adult women characterized by anemia, a decrease in platelets, elevated liver tests;
- malignant changes - in adults, a decrease in platelet counts causes metastases to the blood vessels of the breast, stomach, and lungs;
productive - a decrease occurs as a result of insufficient production of PLT cells under conditions;
- anemia - B12-deficient, aplastic, folic deficiency;
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - a type of hemolytic anemia;
- viral infection - in adults in rare cases;
- leukemia;
- after chemotherapy, radiotherapy;
- taking estrogens, thiazides, in adults - alcohol.
distributive - the distribution of platelets between the blood and the spleen is disturbed, the spleen is enlarged due to the fact that not 30% is deposited in it, as it should be in the norm, but up to 90% of all platelets;
dilution - the volume of blood circulating in the body is increased, for example, when transfusing plasma or red blood cells after an injury without compensating platelets.

A decrease in platelets during pregnancy is a normal phenomenon and does not require special treatment if the analysis indicators do not fall below 70 - 150 * 10 9 / l.

Decrease in platelets: violation of education

Reduced platelets in megaloblastic anemia - a disease caused by a violation of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow caused by a lack of vitamins B12, B9.

Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by the appearance of large abnormal megaloblasts - cells that give rise to erythrocytes, a decrease in the content, in addition to the PLT population, of erythrocytes and neutrophils.
Large platelets also appear in the blood, but the functions of these cells are not impaired, and subcutaneous hemorrhages and bleeding of the mucous membranes are rare.

Megaloblastic anemia is successfully treated in adults within 2 weeks with a properly formulated diet. It is more difficult to cope with the pathology of hematopoiesis if platelets are lowered in adults due to alcohol abuse.

Ethyl alcohol has a directed effect on megakaryocytes - giant cells from which platelets are detached. In addition to the direct destructive effect on megakaryocytes, ethyl alcohol:

affects the liver, which leads to a decrease in the production of thrombopoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of platelets;
causes hypersplenism - an increase in the size of the spleen, a violation of its functions, accompanied by an increased rate of destruction of all blood cells;
toxic effect on mature platelets.

After stopping alcohol consumption, platelets temporarily rise above normal values for adults, but after 1-2 weeks the number of red blood platelets in the blood drops to normal.

Decreased platelets - accelerated destruction

When the bone marrow cannot compensate for the need for blood platelets, this indicates consumption thrombocytopenia, and the more platelets are lowered (in an adult - up to 30 - 50 * 10 9 / l), the sooner adequate treatment should be prescribed to the patient.

The risk of spontaneous bleeding increases at rates of 30 * 10 9 /l. And with indicators of 10 - 20 * 10 9 / l, the patient should be provided with emergency medical care and platelet transfusion.

For thrombocytopenia caused by the accelerated destruction of the platelet population, it is characteristic:

the appearance of large platelets;
lack of heavy bleeding;
in female adults, comorbidities are often autoimmune disorders;
in adults of both sexes, HIV infection can trigger accelerated destruction of PLT cells.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Accelerated destruction of platelets may be immune in nature, as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The disease occurs as a result of the production of antibodies to PLT cell receptors. The disorder is 3 times more common in young women under 30 than in men.

Attack of autoantibodies on one's own platelets causes:

the formation of an immune complex on the platelet membrane;
formation of a conglomerate of PLT cells and antibodies;
destruction of conglomerates by macrophages in the spleen.

The life span of platelets bound to antibodies is reduced to several hours, instead of the expected 9-11 days of life. In adults, provocateurs of a decrease in platelets with the development of immune thrombocytopenia can be:

treatment with heparin, barbiturates, arsenic, mercury, gold preparations, taking estrogens, quinine, digoxin, rifampicin, sulfonamides;
x-rays, sun tanning, surgery.

A decrease in rates to 50 * 10 9 /l can develop during treatment with heparin. But in some cases (2-3%), treatment with heparin can lead to a significant decrease in PLT cells.

With a decrease in the number of platelets below 20 * 10 9 / l, severe thrombocytopenia develops in the blood, and this condition poses a threat to life, as the risk of internal bleeding increases.

Treatment with heparin can provoke the formation of blood clots in the veins and arteries. A thrombus occurs as a result of the interaction of heparin, specific antibodies and platelet receptors. As a result:

aggregates of platelets are formed, some of which;
- clogs the lumens of blood vessels;
- because of its large size, it is destroyed in the spleen by macrophages;
the concentration of platelets drops sharply.

Thrombocytopenia in DIC

Sharply reduced stocks of platelets in DIC. The disease is characterized by blood clotting within the blood vessels. In this case, the smallest blood vessels are thrombosed (clogged) by the formed blood clots.

With a slowly developing DIC, venous thrombosis, disruption of the heart valve, and sudden bleeding are possible. The severity of thrombocytopenia in this form of pathology may increase over several months.

With rapidly progressive DIC, severe thrombocytopenia develops within a few hours, requiring immediate medical intervention. The disease is accompanied by a sharp violation of the blood coagulation system and bleeding.

DIC can occur:

as a result of ischemia (lack of oxygen) of tissues;
with pathological childbirth;
in case of bacterial infections, especially those caused by gram-negative microflora - Escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella, neisseria.

Signs of thrombocytopenia

The blood coagulation system was created by nature with a large margin of safety, and the body is able to independently compensate for sufficiently large decreases in indicators that deviate greatly from the norm. Pronounced clinical symptoms of low platelets appear when the number of this cell population decreases to 50*10 9 /l or less.

Bleeding is one of the leading clinical signs of reduced PLT cells, manifested primarily by bleeding:

nasal;
stomach, intestinal;
intradermal;
gum mucosa;
after tooth extraction;
heavy menstruation in women;
the appearance of petechiae - small subcutaneous nodular hemorrhages;
prolonged bleeding of cuts, abrasions;
blood in the urine;
the appearance of bruises with slight compression of the tissues.

Methods for treating thrombocytopenia depend on what causes this decrease in the PLT population. The patient, as prescribed by the doctor, undergoes courses of treatment with corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or resorts to partial removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplantation.

With a slight decrease in platelets to 50 -150 * 10 9 / l, drug treatment is not required. To increase the number of platelets, special attention is paid to proper nutrition and lifestyle. Learn how to increase your platelet count here.

Blood is the internal environment of the body. As long as all the cellular elements of the blood are within the normal range, no pathological changes occur. However, when their number falls below the allowed values, this negatively affects the functioning of the body. So, for example, this happens in the case of a decrease in platelets.

Platelets are called red blood cells, the main task of which is to provide normal blood clotting. When the number of platelets in the blood decreases significantly, the cells lose their ability to perform their function properly. This pathological condition is called thrombocytopenia. His symptoms: an increase in the time necessary to stop bleeding, regular ejections of blood from the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, the appearance of bruises of unknown origin on the body.

A low platelet count can be congenital. In this case, they speak of a rare disease called hemophilia. If in the case of an insignificant decrease in platelets in the blood there is no talk of harm to health, then hemophilia is fraught with a serious danger. Any bleeding can be fatal.

During the day, the level of platelets in the blood may fluctuate insignificantly, deviating from the norm by 5-10 percent. In this case, there is no question of any violations. In addition, a slight decrease in platelets is considered normal during menstruation and childbearing. These symptoms are temporary and do not require any treatment.

Causes

May contribute to a decrease in platelets various diseases and pathological conditions. These include:

blood diseases: leukemia, anemia, etc.;
the use of certain drugs: antibiotics, diuretics, analgesics, cytostatics, antihistamines and psychotropic drugs;
alcohol intoxication;
hereditary diseases caused by a decrease in platelet production;
the period of menstruation, bearing a child;
diseases of infectious origin;
exposure to heavy metals;
increased consumption of platelets;
bone marrow damage.

Thus, a low level of platelets in the blood can be an independent disease or a symptom indicating the presence of serious disorders in the body. To correctly diagnose and determine the cause of thrombocytopenia, it is necessary to carefully examine the patient. Competent diagnostics will allow you to choose the right course of treatment and exclude all possible health problems.

How to raise

With a decrease in the level of platelets, it is necessary to evaluate your condition. In certain cases, the level of platelets drops to a critical level, which requires immediate treatment - on an outpatient or inpatient basis. However, most often the violation is so minor that it can be dealt with at home.

In order to independently raise the level of platelets, use the following recommendations:

Make the right diet. Include greens, citrus fruits, kiwi, tomatoes and berries in it. Eliminate undiluted coffee, alcohol, overly fatty and high-calorie foods, refined sugar.
Include foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids in your diet. These foods include: fatty fish, eggs, linseed oil. A worthy alternative can be fish oil capsules.
Follow the daily routine. Try to get up and go to bed on time, sleep at least 8 hours a day. Don't forget about the vacation, which gives the body the opportunity to "reboot".
Drink liquid at room temperature. The use of cold drinks disrupts the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, contributes to poor absorption of nutrients.
Enrich your diet with minerals and vitamins. You can get them from wholesome food or from special vitamin-mineral complexes.
go in for sports. In physical activity, the emphasis should not be on power loads, but on “cardio”. Cardio loads affect the body in the most positive way: they normalize blood circulation and strengthen the immune system.

The child has

A low platelet count in a child's blood may be a sign serious pathologies. Therefore, when the first symptoms of thrombocytopenia of the baby are detected, it is necessary to show the pediatrician as soon as possible.

The following symptoms may indicate the presence of thrombocytopenia in a child: vomiting with blood interspersed, black feces, bruises, pink or red urine, subcutaneous hemorrhages, bleeding disorders, retinal hemorrhages, headaches, rash.

Treatment of pathology depends on what caused it. If the low platelet count is due to another condition, then medications are used to address the underlying cause of the thrombocytopenia.

In the early stages of the disease, it is possible home treatment without placing the child in a hospital. In this case, it is necessary to provide the baby with bed rest and make up the right diet for him. Food should be rich in iron and hemoglobin, vitamins, not thermally processed fruits and vegetables.

In some cases, treatment is supplemented by the introduction of immunoglobulins, the use of hormonal agents, blood transfusion from a donor. In severe cases, when conservative methods of treatment do not work, surgery is performed to remove the spleen.

In an adult

Platelet norm for the male half of the population from 180 to 320*10^9 units/l. For women, the norm ranges from 150-380*10^9 units/l. In the case of a slight decrease in platelets (up to 10 percent), no action can be taken to increase their level. However, if symptoms of thrombocytopenia are observed, it is urgent to visit a doctor for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

If during the diagnosis it turns out that thrombocytopenia is an independent disease, the following methods are used to treat it: transfusion of a donor mass of platelets, treatment with glucocorticosteroids, anti-Rhesus D-serum, injections of immunoglobulin into a vein.

If a pregnant woman needs treatment, similar methods are used to increase platelet levels. The only thing is that hormone therapy and blood transfusion are used in the most severe cases. The entire course of treatment takes place under the close supervision of the attending physician.

Early stages of thrombocytopenia successfully treated. The main thing is to notice the symptoms of the disease in time and turn to specialists for help.

In most cases, in order to find out the cause of a particular disease, people resort to taking a huge number of tests, and even more often this reason lies in the low level of platelets. So what does a low platelet count mean? This condition is called thrombocytopenia and is accompanied by serious problems associated with stopping bleeding and general increased bleeding. How to avoid this and what methods to deal with, later in the article.

If platelets are low in the blood, what does it mean

If the average platelet volume is lowered in an adult, this means that there is a risk of developing diseases of the circulatory system. Analysis to determine the level of platelets is performed by two main methods - by taking capillary or venous blood. The norm of platelets in adults is within the following limits:
Deviations from the norm of the presence of platelets in the blood of an adult can only be determined by laboratory testing through a blood test. If during the examination it turned out that the average level was significantly lowered, it is necessary to find out the possible reasons that caused such a condition. These may include the following:

congenital pathologies;
infectious diseases;
various lesions of the bone marrow;
in women, pregnancy and the menstrual cycle;
leukemia, anemia;
heredity;
alcohol abuse;
bleeding, DIC, hypersplenism, hemodialysis, purpura;
improper use of certain medicines and vitamins;
surgical intervention;
the influence of negative elements on the body, in particular metal salts (working conditions).

In women, this problem causes the most questions, since it is they who in most cases suffer from it. This is because women are most prone to frequent bleeding (pregnancy, menstrual cycle). This means that they may be at risk, as low platelet counts make them prone to blood disorders.

Information for reading: The norm of potassium in the blood in women after 60 years

In a number of such cases, low platelets can cause serious consequences for the whole body of a woman, which, with general neglect, is quite difficult to correct and in most cases almost impossible, in particular:

huge blood loss after severe injuries;
internal bleeding;
hemorrhages in the retina of the eye - until complete loss of vision;
bleeding in the brain, which can lead to death.

Therefore, it is necessary to take all necessary measures quickly enough to normalize this level. This can be done independently, without medical intervention, by resorting to procedures that strengthen the immune system, namely:

hardening;
moderate physical activity;
proper nutrition;
healthy lifestyle.

The last point should be treated with the greatest attention and completely eliminate the use of alcoholic beverages, products containing alcohol, and completely stop smoking. Only if these conditions are met, positive results can be expected, otherwise the platelet level will drop even more - and then there will be a real risk of a stroke.

How to level up and down

There are many ways to increase the number of platelets when their level is low, but the main one is to directly eliminate the imbalance of cellular structures in the blood. This can be done naturally, without waiting for medical intervention.

More about it:

if possible, eat only healthy food: vegetables, fruits, herbs, berries;
replenish the diet with foods rich in omega-3 acids: tuna, salmon, eggs, linseed oil;
use vitamins and mineral supplements: juices, fresh juices;
drink water at room temperature;
establish the correct daily routine (eight-hour sleep, rest);
increase cardio load, which will effectively normalize blood circulation and strengthen the immune system.

Information for reading: The norm of platelets in the blood in women after 50 years

It is possible to normalize an increased level of platelets in the blood by various means, but folk remedies are the most effective. They are easy to use, affordable, and after their use, there is always a positive trend in a person who has been overtaken by this problem.

There are good traditional medicine recipes for lowering platelet levels in the blood.

Juice and infusion based on nettle (excluding alcohol)

Recipe 1: mix a teaspoon of plant juice with 50 ml of water or milk. Take a few minutes before each meal.

The second method of preparation: pour 10 g of dry nettle leaves with a glass of boiling water. Boil everything on low heat for 3 minutes. After keeping in a thermos for half an hour. Drink half a glass before meals.

Sesame oil

Such treatment should be carried out for a sufficiently long time, drink at least 2 liters of the composition for the entire course. Reception: 1 tablespoon of oil 30 minutes before meals.

Infusion of wild rose, nettle and chamomile

Mix 3 parts of wild rose, 2 nettles and 1 chamomile, grind thoroughly. Pour this mixture with a liter of boiling water and insist in a thermos for about an hour. After an hour, strain, add the juice of half a lemon and 1 tbsp. l. flower honey. Reception is carried out in this way: 30 minutes before meals, you need to drink a glass of the mixture, so do 3 times a day.

If all of the above was carried out, but for reasons beyond the control of the person, a blood test nevertheless revealed a decrease in the level of platelets, you need to consult a doctor and accurately determine the cause, since this is already an alarming factor, and only an experienced specialist can help here .

An increase or decrease in the level of platelets in the blood is a rather serious problem that can occur both in an adult and in a child, they do not know the boundaries of age and have no gender. That is why a person himself must constantly monitor its normalization in order not to have negative consequences for his health and strengthen the general condition of the body in order to avoid such problems, which will give confidence in the future and for many years to come.

Be healthy!

perekis-i-soda.ru

Low platelets in the blood: reasons, how to increase

Looking at the blood test, you can make a primary judgment about possible diseases and abnormalities. The platelet level in the assay is denoted by PLT.

What does the fact that plt platelets are lowered say, and how to fix it, will be discussed in this article.

Emergency occlusion of an open wound

Platelets are sometimes called the "ambulance" of the blood. This name is due to their ability to quickly stop bleeding.

On the surface of platelets are special complex compounds, due to which adhesion (sticking) of cells to each other and to the walls of blood vessels is carried out. In addition, the composition of the surface of platelets includes biologically active substances that can participate in the process of blood clotting.

So, after receiving a cut in the human body, a mass of platelets is sent to an open wound, the rapid division and reproduction of these cells begins, they stick to each other, forming a dense film that prevents blood loss.

Nutrition and vasoconstriction

Platelets are involved in the nutrition of the walls of blood vessels, maintaining the functionality and structure of blood vessels.

Transfer of serotonin, enzymes and other substances in the blood.
Blood restoration
Maintenance of immunity
Removal of killed viruses and body antigens.

back to contents

Normal content

Platelet rate (∙109) per liter of blood:

In adults: 180-350;
In children up to a year: 100-420;
During pregnancy: 150-380;
During menstruation: 150-380.

During the day, the level of platelets can fluctuate up to 10%. That is why it is customary to take tests in the morning on an empty stomach.

The state of the body in which platelets are below normal is called thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia factors can be conditionally divided into two groups:

Infectious diseases.

These include

Pimples that may appear on the lips, nose, in the genital area.

ARVI, ARI
Hepatitis of various groups
Mononucleosis

An acute viral disease that is transmitted through human saliva, blood and sweat glands.

Violation of the immune state of the body.

With them, body cells are mistaken for pathogens and destroyed as hostile (for example, lupus).

Oncological diseases
Gaucher disease

With this congenital pathology, organs that affect the normal functionality of platelets can be depressed.

Blood thinners (such as aspirin and heparin) can cause low platelets in the blood.

Inclusion in the diet of foods that thin the blood

Of course, this reason will have little effect on the decrease in platelets in the blood, but it must also be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Foods that thin the blood include lemon, garlic, cherries, ginger, onions, etc.

Pregnancy;
period of menstruation;

At this time, a woman loses a significant amount of blood, this is what causes low platelets.

Avitaminosis;
Alcohol consumption;
Intoxication with heavy metals;
Violation of the spleen or even its removal.

In addition to the fact that with a decrease in platelets in the blood, blood viscosity decreases and it becomes more difficult to stop bleeding from an open wound, the real threat to life is the following: the vessels become more fragile, lose their elasticity, and internal bleeding can occur.

To the table of contents

How to increase platelets

First of all, it is necessary to understand that a low number of platelets in the blood is not a disease itself, it is only a symptom that indicates to the patient and the doctor any deviation in the body. Therefore, before proceeding to measures to increase platelets in the blood, it is necessary to eliminate the root cause, which can only be established after examination in a medical institution.

We can offer ways to deal with low platelets in the blood, which can be followed simultaneously with the main treatment.

Foods that increase platelets in the blood:

Berries (rose hips, raspberries, currants, etc.)
Vegetables (carrots, bell peppers, potatoes, beets, etc.)
Fruits (oranges, apples, persimmons, etc.)
Fish fat;
Almond;
Parsley, spinach;
Buckwheat.

Try to avoid salty pickled foods, spicy and smoked foods.

We strengthen immunity

Since many causes of low platelets are associated with infectious diseases, we need strong immunity to eliminate them as soon as possible. In addition to nutrition, it can be strengthened with medicines: echinacea tincture, a complex of vitamins, antiviral agents, etc.

From nettle leaves it is necessary to squeeze the juice in the amount of 1 teaspoon. Add it to a glass of water or milk and drink before meals.

If it is not possible to pick nettles from the ground, you can use dry plants that are sold in a pharmacy. Pour 10 grams of dry leaves with a glass of boiling water, simmer for about 3 minutes over low heat. Cool, strain and consume half a cup before meals.

Half an hour before meals, you need to drink a tablespoon of oil. A full course of treatment involves about 2 liters of oil.

Rosehip, chamomile and nettle will increase immunity, add the missing trace elements to the body and normalize the low platelet count in the blood.

We mix these plants in fresh or dried form, pour boiling water and leave to brew. This drink should be drunk half an hour before meals at least three times a day. To improve the taste and even more recharging with vitamins, add lemon and honey to the broth.

So, if you find a low platelet count in a blood test, it is advisable to undergo an examination and consult a doctor. Finding out the cause of low platelets in a timely manner will increase the chances that you will quickly and effectively normalize all processes in the body.

Leave your questions, comments and advice on the subject of the article in the comments, share useful information with friends and family.

Be healthy!

vseproanalysis.ru

Platelets are small blood cells that are involved in the process of blood clotting.

They are formed in the bone marrow and perform two main functions:

cork formation;
closing damage to the vessel, and the acceleration of blood clotting.

A low level of platelets in the blood can lead to severe bleeding in the body, which is sometimes very difficult to stop, with various consequences.

The number of platelets in normal blood is 100-420 * 109 / l in newborns and 180-320 * 109 / l in children and adults.

Sometimes this norm is violated, the content of elements decreases.

There are three main reasons why platelets in the blood fall:

Decreased platelets in the blood

If thrombocrit is below normal in the blood, the patient needs immediate treatment with intravenous injections and potent drugs.

Only a qualified doctor makes a final diagnosis and prescribes treatment, so you must first consult with him.

A biological study of a blood test for the total content of blood cells helps to identify the main causes of low platelets in the blood.

It reveals a clotting disorder or bone marrow disease, which indicates a danger to humans.

If a low platelet count in the blood was found in the process, then you should start taking medication, take care of your diet.

Foods containing iron can increase platelet levels: green apples, liver, buckwheat, meat, walnuts and beets.

Platelets are lowered what is the danger

Large loads during this period are contraindicated, as they can lead to leukemia - a disease when the blood stops clotting and even a small wound can lead to a large loss with a fatal outcome.

There is a low level of platelets in the blood in women, usually in the first days of the menstrual cycle.

This helps protect the body from thrombosis, heart attacks, strokes and serves to further reproduce offspring.

But in case of too heavy bleeding, you should immediately donate blood for a general analysis and see a doctor.

Delay can result in a blood clot or too much blood loss. Platelets in the general blood test.

Diagnosis and risk groups. Thrombocytopenia and its causes

Thrombocytopenia is a dangerous disease if platelets are lowered to the level of 150*109/l and below. It is characterized by a high level of bleeding and the difficulty of stopping it.

The main causes of thrombocytopenia:

low platelet count in the blood;
impaired platelet recovery;
high rate of destruction of blood cells.

Also possible causes of thrombocytopenia can be infectious diseases: HIV, mononucleosis, hepatitis A and B, or a reaction to drugs.

The disease develops gradually, so it is important to pay attention to the main signs and symptoms in time.

As a consequence of the cause of low platelets in the blood, frequent nosebleeds can become, it takes longer for the blood to stop with a cut, bruises appear on the body for no apparent reason, ruptures of the vessels of the eyes, petechial hemorrhages and an enlarged spleen.

There are several main types of thrombocytopenia:

1. 1. Alloimmune - appears as a result of the destruction of platelets with incompatibility of different blood groups and reveals low platelets.
  2. Autoimmune - the body takes the platelet protein for a foreign element and produces antibodies.
  3. Transimmune - blood antibodies pass through the mother's placenta to the fetus.
  4. Heteroimmune - antibodies are produced when an antigen or virus appears in the blood.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out during an external examination of the patient for the presence of characteristic rashes, hematomas, as well as a biological blood test and shows why there are few platelets in the blood.

The study establishes a decrease in the volume of blood cells, a decrease in their maturity, the detection of different colors and shapes. Analysis for thrombophilia.

Treatment of thrombocytopenia

In the treatment of thrombocytopenia, immunoglobulin injections, general corticosteroid therapy, and blood transfusion from a donor (platelet donation consequences) are performed.

It must be remembered that self-treatment of the disease is contraindicated.

If the first signs are found and there are few platelets in the blood, then you should immediately consult a doctor. Any delay, without exaggeration, can cost a person his life.

You can independently increase the level of platelets by eating healthy foods, foods rich in iron, giving up high-calorie meals and with cardio loads.

It should be borne in mind that if platelets are lowered, then this will not help with an already diagnosed diagnosis, since with poor blood clotting and heavy bleeding, you need to move as little as possible so as not to cause increased blood flow.

If platelets are low in an adult, then he is prescribed blood transfusions, injections and full outpatient treatment.

In the treatment of a child, immunoglobulin, glucose corticosteroids, calcium pantothenate are introduced, and in difficult cases, a transfusion of pre-irradiated plasma. Learn what to do if your child has a high platelet count.

trombanet.ru

Platelets are lowered

According to the latest blood test data, low platelet count is a fairly common pathogenic condition that has been found in more than two percent of the world's population.

In principle, low platelets can always be associated with frequent bleeding problems. In addition, a low level of platelets is fixed in hematological diseases. Rarely, a decrease in platelets acts as a separate disease in Werlhof's disease or in thrombocytopenic purpura.

We note right away that the main external manifestations of a decrease in platelets in the blood include an increase in the time period that is necessary to stop bleeding. In addition, there are spontaneous bleeding from the nose, gums, from the oral mucosa. The appearance of bruises and hematomas in different parts of the body is noted.

The consequence of a decrease in platelets

Despite the fact that the symptom of low platelets is practically not noticeable for most patients, or they are not given the same attention as other diseases, in some cases, a decrease in platelets can lead to serious consequences:

First of all, a serious danger is bleeding into the internal organs.
After a serious injury, there may be excessive blood loss, which can even lead to death.
Bleeding in the eye, or rather, in the retina, which can cause loss of vision.
Hemorrhage in the brain. This type of hemorrhage is fatal.

Important! If a low platelet count is diagnosed, which shows a content in the range of twenty to fifty * 10^9 units / liter of blood, then the patient is offered outpatient treatment. A drop in platelet levels to 19 * 10^9 units / liter and below is a signal for immediate hospitalization.

Causes of a decrease in a newborn

Let's begin to consider the possible causes of a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood from a newborn.

The norm for a newborn is from one hundred to 420 * 10 ^ 9 units / liter, and any indicators below this can be considered thrombocytopenia. The problem in newborns is quite common. So statistics show that 75% of all newborns with low weight have a low level of platelets.

The most common causes of low platelets are:

An immune problem that leads to the fact that there is an incompatibility of blood types in mother and child.
Transplacental transmission is a problem that reduces platelet levels. For example, it can be systemic lupus erythematosus.
Autoimmune disease.
Issues of prematurity or postmaturity of the child.
Asphyxia that took place at birth.
Anemia.
Any diseases of an infectious, as well as immunodeficiency nature.

Causes of low platelets in a child

In a child from 1 to 10 years old, the normal level of platelets is 180 to 320 * 10^9 units per liter of fluid. Possible reasons and factors that lead to a decrease in this indicator include:

Viral diseases and damage to the upper respiratory tract.
Anemia.
Sometimes certain medications, antibiotics, analgesics, and cytostatics can lower the level of platelets.
DIC syndrome.
Carrying out hemodialysis.
A low level of folic acid simultaneously lowers the content of platelets in the blood.
thyrotoxicosis.
A variety of allergies, acute, chronic.
Poisoning.

Causes of low platelets in an adult

Let's determine the normal indicators for a man - 180 to 320 * 10^9 units / l, for women this figure is somewhat different - from 150 to 380 * 10^9 units / l.

The main reasons for the decrease in platelets include:

Anemia and manifestation of leukemia.
A disease of the bone marrow in which platelets are produced.
The use of certain medications.
Excessive addiction to alcoholic beverages.

Injury with large blood loss.
Recent surgery.
Sometimes it can be a factor of external influence, for example, the influence of salts of some heavy metals on the body.
Infectious diseases.
Carrying out hemodialysis, which contributes to the active consumption of platelets, and, accordingly, their decrease.
Hereditary and autoimmune diseases.

We add that in women, in addition to the above-mentioned reasons, one can also note a decrease in platelets during pregnancy and during menstruation.

The main effect on increasing the level of platelets in the blood is always the elimination of the main or basic cause of the fall. In most cases, the problem of falling platelets is not acute, and this indicator can be brought back to normal in natural ways.

For example, it is necessary to switch to a healthy and complete, balanced diet, in which an important place will be occupied by the rejection of high-calorie foods, alcohol, and coffee.

The diet should be based on food rich in Omega-3. It is necessary to take vitamin complexes that can quickly restore the vitamin balance in the body.

Be sure to bring the daily routine into a kind of balanced complex, in which, in addition to proper nutrition, time will be allotted for physical exercises that are designed to strengthen the immune system.

Various laboratory tests are the most common and at the same time quite informative diagnostic methods. So, the study of the composition of the blood allows you to determine how well the body is functioning, as well as to identify any violations in its activity. The ratio of the number of cells in the blood and their balance among themselves can tell doctors a lot. Today we will talk about why there may be low platelets in the blood, we will consider the reasons for this and the possible consequences of such a phenomenon in a little more detail.

Platelets are the most important blood cells. They perform many functions in our body, the most famous of which can be called blood clotting. So, it is platelets that form a clot, which is also called a primary thrombus, it is designed to temporarily stop bleeding from small vessels, as it closes them at the site of injury. But in addition, such blood cells are important for vasoconstriction and their proper nutrition, they take part in the work of the immune system, and also play an important role in the processes of fibrinolysis (clot dissolution).

What can cause a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood?

In fact, in some cases, the number of such cells in the body may decrease, and this is considered completely normal. So, during the day, their volumes can vary by about 10%, in girls, platelets naturally decrease during menstruation. But if the level of such cells in the blood falls sharply, this is most likely a symptom of some kind of health problem.

The number of platelets in the blood may decrease if these cells are produced in a smaller volume, or if their production stops altogether. A similar picture can be observed in diseases of the liver, blood, and thyroid gland. Platelet synthesis is impaired by various viral infections, with prolonged use of antibacterial drugs and certain other medications (diuretics, antipsychotics, antithyroid and anticonvulsants), and even with a lack of vitamin B12 or B9 (folic acid). Among the possible reasons for the violation of the production of such blood cells may also be exposure to ionizing radiation or HIV infection.

The volumes of platelets in the blood fall if these cells undergo destructive processes (destroy). A similar situation is possible in a number of pathological situations, presented:

Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation;
- infectious diseases;
- various immune disorders (Wergolf's disease or thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.).

In addition, the destruction of platelets can be explained by blood transfusions and the consumption of certain medications (antihistamines, hypothiazide, sulfonamides, etc.).

Quite rarely, the number of platelets in the blood decreases if their distribution throughout the body is disturbed. So, almost half of these cells are stored in the spleen, and if they stay in such an organ for a long time, their volume decreases, and the cells themselves undergo destruction.

As practice shows, most often a decrease in platelets occurs as a result of an attack by various infectious factors. A similar situation is often observed in patients with herpes, various types of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, mononucleosis, etc. A decrease in platelet volume is characteristic of the development of hepatitis.
Much less often, such a change in the composition of the blood is observed as a result of oncological lesions.

Doctors also argue that a slight decrease in the number of platelets may be absolutely normal for women who are carrying a child. But even during this period, such results of blood tests should not be ignored.

Sometimes the number of platelets in the blood decreases somewhat against the background of a strict diet, in which case the root cause of this problem lies in hypovitaminosis. In addition, a similar clinical picture can be observed when the body is intoxicated with various substances, ranging from alcohol to heavy metals.

We have considered far from all the possible causes of a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood. Only a doctor can accurately determine the factor that caused such a problem.

Therefore, all readers of "Popular about Health", who found a decrease in platelets in the results of a general blood test, should undergo a full examination.

The number of platelets has decreased - what are the consequences for the blood and the person of this?

As you know, the main manifestation of a decrease in platelets below normal is various hemorrhages, as well as bleeding. It is with their occurrence that all possible complications of such a condition are associated.

So, with a decrease in the number of platelets in the body, hemorrhage in the retina of the eye can occur. In such a situation, visual acuity deteriorates sharply, and in the absence of medical care, irreversible blindness occurs.

Also, a possible consequence of a low platelet count is considered to be cerebral hemorrhage - a stroke, which in about a quarter of cases ends in death.

Another decrease in the level of platelets in the blood is fraught with the development of posthemorrhagic anemia, which in turn occurs in the presence of frequent (permanent) bleeding, most often in the digestive tract. Anemia leads to pallor and weakness, disrupts general well-being, and with severe blood loss can cause death.