Performing a prayer. Reading a collective prayer by women

Question:
Assalamu alaikum.
Hazrat, I have another question. In the town where we live and study, different peoples live. Now we Muslims are going to perform Friday prayer. There were 10-15 of us in total. We elected one of us as an imam and decided to gather at our house. But we do not have the opportunity to allocate a separate room for prayer. We are going to pray in one of the rooms. Are we doing the right thing, that in the absence of a mosque in our city, we perform Friday prayers at our place? I would also like to ask you to inform us about the requirements for an imam leading Friday prayers.
May Allah be pleased with you.

Answer:
Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim
Unfortunately, I don't know where you live. Explanation of the text from the book "Mukhtasarul Vikaya" about the obligation (fard) of Friday prayer.
Conditions for obligatory Friday prayer:
The conditions, pillars and sunnah that exist in other prayers are also valid for Friday prayer. At the same time, there are conditions peculiar only to Friday prayers, which will be discussed further.
In order for the Friday prayer to become obligatory, there are external (outside the prayer) conditions. These are called conditions that make Friday prayer obligatory (fard). These conditions are as follows:
1. Accommodation in the "misra" (within the "city").
"Misrom" is a settlement, the largest mosque of which does not accommodate the entire population of the village. Such places used to be called cities. But now, even small villages have become bigger than those cities. By "population" is meant people for whom participation in Friday prayers is obligatory (fard).
It follows from this that if in a settlement there is a large mosque, which does not accommodate all of its population, for which participation in Friday prayer is obligatory, this settlement is considered a “misr” (“city”) and thus one of the conditions that makes Friday prayer obligatory. For residents of settlements that are not “Misr”, Friday prayer is not obligatory. Also, for a person traveling outside their place of residence, Friday prayer is also not obligatory. If a traveler plans to stay in one place for 15 or more days, then he is no longer considered a traveler (musafir), and in this case, Friday prayer becomes obligatory for him. A person who has gone beyond the buildings of the city before the time of Zuhr can travel on Friday. You can set off on a journey before the sun reaches its zenith.
2. Health.
A sick person, given the difficulties of visiting a mosque, is allowed to skip Friday prayers.
3. Freedom.
This is one of the ancient conditions. In those days there was slavery. Due to the fact that the slaves were someone's property and had to carry out the instructions of the owners, they did not have to attend Friday prayers.
4. Belonging to the male gender.
Due to the fact that women have a lot of household chores and they have to take care of children in order to make life easier for them, it is not necessary for women to attend Friday prayers. And men do not have such household chores that women have, and, considering the fulfillment of other obligations, it is obligatory for men to attend Friday prayers.
5. Adulthood.
As one of the main conditions in other types of prayers, in the Friday prayer, adulthood is one of the main conditions that makes this prayer a fard. It is not obligatory for those under the age of majority to attend Friday prayers.
6. Healthy vision and healthy feet.
Even with a guide, it is not obligatory for the blind to attend Friday prayers. It is also not obligatory for a person who cannot move independently to participate in Friday prayers. Allah says: “And (He) did not make any difficulty for you in religion.” Not making difficulties in religion is the basis of the ease of Islam.
When it comes to causing difficulties in religion, it is understood that a person is not burdened beyond his capabilities. What a person does not want because of his laziness is not considered a difficulty.
Allah made the Friday prayer fard. In the hadiths, the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam strictly warned people who left (did not participate) Friday prayers. But at the same time, for a certain category of people, the obligatory nature of Friday prayers is removed.
In a hadith narrated by Imam Abu Dawood from Tariq ibn Shihab, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Every Muslim is required to pray in the Jamaat. With the exception of four categories of people: slaves, women, children and the sick.”
If he does not have these exceptions in himself, he performs Friday prayer, thereby he fulfills an obligatory religious duty - fard. For example, if a person who does not live within the “Misr” (city), as well as a traveler, a sick person, a slave, a woman, a minor, a blind or lame person perform Friday prayer, then they will perform a fard. Because if people who, due to certain reasons, have not been prescribed Friday prayer, perform it on their own initiative, then they will be rewarded with the position of a fard. Just like the fact that a traveler can fast, or a poor person can make a hajj.
Conditions that are obligatory for the performance of Friday prayer:
In addition to the conditions that are necessary for the usefulness of prayer in general, there are also conditions that are necessary for the Friday prayer to be correct:
1. Living in a "misra" (city) or on its outskirts.
About what "misr" is, we have already spoken above. Now, the concept of “Misr” is directly stated in the text itself.
"Misr" is a settlement of such a size, in which the largest mosque does not accommodate its entire population. As mentioned above, the population here does not mean the entire population, but only that part of it, for which the Friday prayer is prescribed fard.
Abu Hanifa rahmatullahi alaihi said: “The populated area, where there are roads and markets, is a ruler who suppresses injustice and a theologian who makes decisions on newly emerging issues. considered a miser."
The outskirts of the Misr is the area that is directly connected with the Misr and serve it for the good. The places adjacent to the Misr, where caravanserais, slaughterhouses and similar structures are located to meet the needs of the Misr, are also considered to be the outskirts of the Misr. In such places, you can also perform Friday prayers. But between the misr and such places there should not be empty spaces. For example, if there are fields or orchards between the Misr and such an area, then they are not considered to be the outskirts of the Misr.
To the question, “What will happen if the Friday prayer is performed simultaneously in several places of Misra?” There are four answers in the madhhab.
1. This answer is transmitted from Abu Hanifa and Muhammad Rahmatullahi Alaihim and is considered the most correct: “Friday prayer can be performed in two or more places. Because praying in only one place creates difficulties.”
In addition, there is no evidence that one cannot perform Friday prayers in several places.
2. Permission from the ruler or his deputy.
Or there must be a party who has received permission to perform Friday prayers.
3. The onset of the time of Zuhr.
With the onset of Zuhr, the time for Friday prayers begins. With the expiration of the time for Zuhr, the time for Friday prayers expires.
It is transmitted from Anas radiyallahu anhu: "The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam performed Friday prayers when the sun deviated from its zenith." Five were handed over, except for Muslim. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) always performed Friday prayers at the time of Zuhr.
4. Khutba (sermon), even if it is one tasbeeh.
Khutba is one of the main conditions of Friday prayer. Friday prayers will not take place without a Khutbah. Almighty Allah in verse 9 of Surah Zhuma says: “O you who believe! When they call for prayer on Friday, then rush to the remembrance of Allah and leave trading. It's better for you if you know."
The phrase "remembrance of Allah" in this verse means khutbah. The duration of one tasbih means that by pronouncing the phrases “Alhamdulillah, Subhanalloh!”, the khutba is considered perfect.
At the same time, the khutba of Friday prayer must be pronounced after the time of Zuhr. It is forbidden to pronounce the khutba before the sun reaches its zenith, and then perform the prayer.
It is transmitted from Saib ibn Yazid radiyallahu anhu: “During the time of the Prophet, sallallahu alaihi wasallam, Abu Bakr and Umar, the first proclamation (azan for Friday prayer) was the time when the imam sat on the minbar.”
Five were handed over, except for Muslim.
Until the time of Zuhr adhan is not proclaimed. Therefore, at other times, except for the time of zuhr, the khutba is not pronounced.
5. Iznu āmm (publicity).
This means that the doors of the mosque should be open to all comers and there should be a universal permit to visit the mosque. That is, when no one forbids those who wish to visit mosques.
Friday prayer is one of the manifestations of the motto of Islam. Its accomplishment must be publicly known among the people.
If a separate group of people perform Friday prayer, closing the doors of the mosque behind them, then their prayer will not be correct.
6. Presence of Jamaat.
That is, in addition to the imam, the presence of at least three more people is one of the conditions for performing Friday prayers. This Sharia provision is taken from the following hadith.
It is transmitted from Toriq ibn Shihab radiyallahu anhu: “The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam said:
- It is obligatory (is a wajib) for every Muslim to perform Friday prayer with jamaat. There are four exceptions: slaves, women, children and the sick.”
Narrated by Abu Dawood, Bayhaqi and Hakim.
Sheikh Muhammad Sadiq Muhammad Yusuf

I see that recently, as in the social. networks, and in life, the issue of the preference for performing a collective prayer with a wife over a collective prayer in a mosque is vigorously discussed, it became necessary to clarify this point so that no one is left with a misunderstanding of this issue. Since, due to a misunderstanding of the issue, people often tend to one of two extremes: ifrat (excess) and tafrit (negligence).

In the Shafi madhhab, two books represent the main opinion in matters of fiqh: "Nihayatu al-Muhtaj" And "Tuhfatul Mukhtaj". The author of the first book is Imam Ramli, second - Imam Ibn Hajar al-Haytami. Therefore, we will refer to these two imams.

In order to make it convenient and understandable for the reader, I will not translate the texts of these books verbatim, but I will write the general meaning and at the end I will give the original texts in Arabic so that those who wish to read the original can do this.

There are two answers for this question:

1- If, with the departure of the husband to the mosque, the wife is left without a collective prayer, that is, if there is no other person from among the relatives and a mahram at home who would pray collectively with her, then in this case it is advisable for the husband to stay at home. Preference in this case is given to congregational prayer at home, as this is a help in a charitable deed in which the husband becomes the reason that the wife will receive a reward for congregational prayer. And the reward for this prayer is equivalent to performing it in the mosque, and even more.

2- In the notes on "Tuhfat" Ibn Hajar, Imam Ibn Qasim al-Ubadi writes that it is better and preferable to go first to the mosque for collective prayer, and then return home and pray collectively with his wife again. And this, as he writes, is better than doing it either in the mosque or at home with his wife.

Here it must be added that if a person has his sister and wife, wife and son, wife and mother, two or more wives at home, then it is better for him to teach them to pray collectively (since there is nothing difficult in this), and go to mosque.

This is the decision of the Sharia in this matter, and we ask everyone to understand and accept this moment as it is. And it’s not worth it, having the opportunity to go to the mosque for a collective prayer, to stay at home, justifying it. The decision of the Sharia must be accepted as the decision of the Sharia, and not as an excuse for one's laziness. If a person stops going to the mosque, justifying this, then soon he may generally stop performing prayer at home collectively, since his intention was wrong.

Our righteous ancestors, scientists chose the second method for themselves, as it is the safest. They say that the late scientist Kuramuhammad-haji, may Allah have mercy on him, first performed namaz in the mosque, after which he went home to perform namaz with his wife.

May Allah grant us firmness in His path, and may He not deprive us of understanding of His religion.

Prepared by: Musa Bagilov

Text by Imam Ramli:

وتحصل فضيلة الجماعة للشخص بصلاته في بيته بزوجة أو ولد أو رقيق أو غيرهم ، بل بحث الإسنوي والأذرعي أن ذهابه إلى المسجد لو فوتها على أهل بيته مفضول وأن إقامتها لهم أفضل ، ونظر فيه بأن فيه إيثارا بقربة مع إمكان تحصيلها بإعادتها معهم ، ويرد بأن الفرض فواتها لو ذهب للمسجد ، وذلك إيثار فيه ; لأن حصولها لهم بسببه ربما عادل فضلها في المسجد أو زاد عليه فهو كمساعدة المجرور من الصف .

The correct performance of the daily five times prayer is a condition for accepting the worship of the believer and receiving a reward from the Almighty. At the same time, in Islam, some concessions are provided for women in prayer.

On the Internet, you can find many sites and personal pages of Muslims teaching namaz. Some of them erroneously claim that there are no differences between men and women, except in the nuances of covering the awrah. This statement is only partly true, because in general, everyone performs the same rite of worship (it is described in detail), they read surahs from the Koran, the same prayers inside the prayer and at its completion, the order of actions in such elements as qiyam (standing) are the same , rukug (bow from the waist) and sujud (sajda, prostration). However, there are differences between genders. This is explained by the wisdom of our Creator, who took into account the male and female essence.

Main differences

As you know, all women in Islam are primarily prescribed modesty. And this is especially noticeable in prayer.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) paid attention to the differences in the postures of brothers and sisters in faith during the prayer-salat, justifying this by the fact that a woman should perform the elements of worship more restrained, as Imam Baykhaki says in the work “Sunan al-Kubra": "All the rules of prayer, in which a woman differs from a man, are based on the principle of satr (concealment). This means that a woman should perform the prayer movements in such a way as to hide herself as much as possible.

Based on this, women not allowed to read aloud verses from the Koran, duas, azkars and everything that is read aloud during certain prayers. They do not make a call to prayer (azan), they do not say kamat (ikamat).

Woman in takbir raises arms only to shoulder level and put it on his chest. Thus, it covers this part of the body. According to Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a Muslim woman should only raise her hands a little. There is also an opinion that she should not raise them at all.

While standing in qiyam, she must not spread elbows- it is supposed to press them to the body as much as possible, and you should also not spread your legs wide apart. According to the Hanafi madhhab, the distance between the feet is approximately equal to the width of four fingers.

In a waist bow (ruku ', rukug) woman should not arch your back and straighten it, bending as low as men. The fair sex is only required to lean forward slightly, while slightly bending the knees. This is done for the same purpose of maintaining modesty.

Bowing to the ground, like standing, implies maximum compactness. The woman presses her elbows to the body and to the floor, and the stomach to the hips. This posture allows you not to expose your body parts during prayer. For men, it is advisable to slightly spread their arms and leave such a distance between the thigh and the body so that the lamb can crawl through:

“When you go to sajda, then press a part of the flesh (body, torso, for example, elbows) to the ground, because a woman in this (i.e. prostration) is not like a man” (hadith narrated by al-Bayhaqi).

It is also necessary to focus on sitting between rak'ahs - tashahhud, when the prayer "at-tahiyat" is read and at the end of the prayer. If men sit on the left leg, and the right foot rests on the toe, then the female gender is prescribed to sit on the left buttock and place both legs on the right without arching the feet (more-in video). Sitting in prayer in this position allows a woman to hide her body to the greatest extent. All the founders of the Sunni madhhabs confirm this difference. In particular, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal said: “In my opinion, for our sisters, “sadl” (putting both feet to the right side) is much better.”

In order to save a woman, she is recommended pray at home and not in the mosque. After all, even attending the collective holiday prayers and the Friday sermon is only a duty for men. In Islamic doctrine, a man receives a greater reward when performing prayer with a jamaat, especially in a mosque. For women, the reward increases when she reads a prayer at home, since the main purpose of a woman is to preserve the family hearth.

It should also be borne in mind that, unlike men, for Muslim women indulgences during haida periods () and nifasa(postpartum hemorrhage). These days it is not allowed to pray, fast and read the Koran. However, if the missed days of uraza in Ramadan should be made up within a year before the next month of fasting, then prayers are no longer re-read, and there will be no sin for this. This is another Grace of the Almighty, which allows women to leave prayer due to physiological reasons, because during this period the body weakens, and someone painfully endures the entire period.

Reading a collective prayer by women

The attitude in Islam towards a woman who becomes an imam in prayer is not reprehensible, and at the same time it is not approved. She is forbidden to lead a male jamaat. There are some other features that differ from the male collective prayer:

1) does not move forward from the row of other Muslim women (for men, the imam stands in front and the first row of worshipers stands behind him).

2) If a woman who has taken the role of imam makes a mistake in prayer, she is signaled by patting her right hand on the back of her left hand. In men, in similar cases, they say: "SubhanAllah."

3) The female gender is advised to confine itself to pronouncing "Iqamah" to itself. It is forbidden to read the azan aloud, even if the call to prayer is carried out in the presence of only women and even if it is done in a whisper or very quietly. This is condemned in Islam for women, unlike men, who should call for prayer with a loud and beautiful voice.

4) Reading the festive collective prayer for women is not forbidden, however, according to the faqihs, it is best if she does not go to the mosque, but performs a gayet-namaz (id-namaz) within the walls of the house. It is narrated in the hadith:

“Young girls who have not yet married, women who live behind the curtain in their homes, and women who have menstruation, let them leave their homes, let them be witnesses of the blessings and prayers of believers. But let women who are menstruating stand apart from people who read prayers ”(narrated by Imam Bukhari).

5) It is allowed to read the collective Friday prayer for female representatives, but this is also not obligatory. A Muslim woman can perform the usual noon prayer at home, unlike men who are required to go to the mosque on Fridays for zuhr prayer.

On this you can view and download, as well as print the schedule of prayers in the cities of the CIS, including Russia.

After pronouncing the shahada, which means the adoption of Islam, the main and most important duty for a person is to perform namaz. Prayer is a sign of faith in Allah and worship of Him.

In the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) it is said: “Namaz is the pillar of religion.” “The religion of the one who abandons prayer will collapse,” says a sacred hadith.

Regular prayer is a fundamental requirement of Islam, without which a person cannot fulfill his main duty before God and will certainly lose the most important and precious thing in life - the awareness and feeling of his connection with the Almighty. The five periods of time in which prayer should be performed correspond to the five parts of the day.

These are dawn, noon, afternoon, late afternoon and night. Namaz is a dialogue of a person with the Creator, the regularity of which periodically, day and night, reminds a person of the Almighty.

The obligation to perform namaz is mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the best deed, he replied that it was a timely prayer.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that prayer is the key to Paradise, and that prayer is for Allah the most beloved deed of His slave after believing. If there was anything better in serving Him, the angels would be doing it too. Among the angels there are those who make a waist bow (hand), bow to the earth (soot), standing and sitting, that is, performing all the actions that we perform in prayer.

The hadith says that the angel Jabrail (peace be upon him) performed a two-rakah prayer for forty thousand years. After that, Allah told him that a two-rakah prayer performed by a person from the community (ummah) of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is dearer to Him than this prayer. And this is because of Allah's exaltation of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Why is prayer so important? The secret of this lies in the exaltation of it by Allah Himself. It is known that all the canons of Sharia, all the deeds provided for by Islam, were brought to us by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he, in turn, received them from the angel Jabrail (peace be upon him), who was an intermediary between Allah and the Prophet ( peace be upon him).

The peculiarity of the prayer is that the Almighty, having called to Himself on the night of the Ascension (Mirage) the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), Himself, without intermediaries, endowed our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his community (ummah) with this valuable gift. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions treated prayer with great responsibility.

Namaz is a special communication with the Almighty. If before a meeting with some influential person we experience excitement, joy, diligently prepare for it, then imagine how we should prepare for a meeting with the Ruler of all things - Allah Almighty?

The current inattention and indifference to religion needs no description. What to say when they neglect such an important matter as prayer, which will be asked first of all on the Day of Judgment, and which is the second most important thing in religion after belief.

But still, there is hope that people with a pure, unclouded mind, inshaAllah, will be affected by the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).

In the hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) it is said that a person who performs five prayers is like one who bathes five times a day in a river flowing near his house. Just as bathing purifies the body, so prayer properly performed purifies a person from sins. Allah says in the Qur'an that indeed prayer keeps a person from obscene and forbidden things.

Namaz and other types of worship are deterrents from falling into sins, and the main thing here is how prayer is performed, with what zeal all its requirements are fulfilled.

When a person stands before the Creator five times during the day, communicating with Him, repenting of sins, being ashamed of unrighteous deeds, asking for help, then he receives a huge spiritual charge, and this warns him from committing sinful things.

Namaz is the great Grace of Allah. Turning to Allah, entering into prayer, during worries and worries is to rush to His Grace. When the Mercy of Allah comes to the rescue, then there is no reason to worry. There are many examples from the life of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) related to this.

The hadith says that when a strong wind blew, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) immediately entered the mosque and did not leave until the wind subsided. Also, during solar and lunar eclipses, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed sunnah prayer.

The companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that whenever members of his family fell into a difficult situation, he ordered them to pray.

His companions did the same, they tried to be like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

The companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), while on a journey, received the news of the death of his son. Then he got off his camel and performed a two-rakah prayer, then read the dua and said: “I did what the Almighty ordered us in His book. Indeed, the Qur'an says that we seek the help of Allah with patience and prayer.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that all the previous prophets (peace and blessings be upon them all) during times of adversity also turned to Allah by performing prayer. The hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) says that when someone gets into trouble or need, let him perform a thorough ablution and perform prayer in two rak'ahs, praise Allah, then ask the blessing of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and in In the end, he will make a request to the Almighty.

In fact, it is difficult to cover all the statements of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding the importance of prayer and telling about the forgiveness of Allah to those who perform it.

There are many benefits hidden in prayer, which cannot be described in one sermon. But, of course, a person who performs prayer, first of all, must have the intention to follow the command of Allah and receive His pleasure.

The hadeeth says that truly all deeds are considered by intention. How boundless is the Grace of Allah, who gave us prayer, which absorbs so much usefulness in this world and the eternal bliss of Paradise!

May Allah help us to understand His Grace and follow the True path indicated by Him! Amine.