Sloping roof for a bulk house. Construction of a mansard roof with your own hands. The nuances of a sloping roof and suitable materials

When building a large house, the appearance and structure of the roof is of particular importance. If we talk about the appearance of the roof, then it can spoil the impression of the house, or vice versa, give the building a beautiful and unusual look. In addition, modern roof structures allow you to equip an additional room in the attic.

There are many roof structures available, but in this article we will look at how to do it. Also, we will discuss how to properly process wood with fire-resistant agents and make a rafter system.

Sloping roof structure

Recently, more and more people want to increase the internal space of the house, while not spoiling the appearance of the roof. A sloping roof is perfect for these purposes. It allows you to equip the attic room, making it as comfortable as possible. Immediately I would like to note that this type of roof is a very expensive structure, which, during construction, requires special skills and considerable financial investments. But despite this, this sloping roof is very popular.

This design is called a broken line due to its shape and a large number of unusual broken lines. In many cases, the broken structure is a gable roof shape, with the ability to equip a large attic room. In addition, by equipping a sloping roof, you can easily make high ceilings in the attic. On an ordinary gable roof, high ceilings cannot be made due to the large wind load, while in a broken one, due to the large number of fractures, the wind load is not terrible.

The most popular can be considered a four-pitched roof shape. Its design allows the most efficient use of internal space with a relatively small investment. Also, the advantage of a broken structure is that it can be assembled without the use of heavy equipment.

Types of sloping roofs

Broken roofs are distinguished by the number of slopes. For example, there are shed, gable or. Each type of roof is selected depending on the financial capabilities and preferences of the owner of the house.

The single-pitched roof form is the simplest and cheapest structure, which is quite realistic to do even on your own. This roof consists of one slope. The downside of a sloping roof is that in most cases it is impossible to equip a large attic or an attic under a pitched roof. Very often, this roof structure is used for utility blocks, sheds or garages.

The gable roof shape is often used for rectangular houses. The design consists of two slopes, which are located opposite to each other. The gable roof is very popular due to its ease of installation and the possibility of building a large loft or attic space. Sloped gable roofs are even more popular. An example of this design can be seen in the photo.

The four-slope roof has four slopes, thanks to which the design has many advantages. Although it is very difficult from a technical point of view to make this option, the four-pitched roof has a very beautiful appearance, as well as very light weight.

If desired, you can even make a heptagonal roof shape. If we talk about how to build a sloping roof, then before starting construction, you need to draw up a project, thanks to which it will be possible to calculate the amount of materials and financial investments.

Installing Mauerlat

Before installing the Mauerlat, it is imperative to perform high-quality waterproofing. Roofing material is perfect for this work. It is best to lay several layers of this material.

After laying the waterproofing, you can start installing the Mauerlat. Mauerlat is a bar with a section of 150- × 150. The rafters will be laid on the beam, on which the entire structure is supported. For additional strength of the roof, the Mauerlat is attached to the wall with metal studs.
In order for the made Mauerlat not to lose its strength, a minimum number of holes must be made in it.

Wood processing

Before installing the truss system, you need to treat the wood with antiseptics and fire-fighting agents. To protect wood from fire, there are products that are applied manually or with a spray gun. When buying, you need to consider the type of this product. For example, they exist for open and closed areas.

Treating wood with antiseptics protects it from decay, fungus or mold. For construction, water-soluble antiseptics are very often used. They dry very quickly and give the wood good vapor permeability.

Roof slope

In order to do it yourself for a house, you need to calculate the angle of inclination of the roof. The angle of inclination of the roof is measured in degrees starting from the horizontal line of the slope. Some homeowners, building their home, neglect this work and determine the angle of inclination "by eye". But it is worth remembering that an incorrectly selected angle of inclination can lead to the fact that the roofing will deteriorate very quickly under the influence of wind or rain.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the roof, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the area. For example, in an area with high winds, it is not recommended to erect a roof with too high an angle of inclination. Experts say that by increasing the slope of the roof by only 30 degrees, the wind load increases by about 5 times. But in areas where it is constantly snowing or raining, too small an angle of inclination can lead to the fact that the roof will not withstand the snow load or allow moisture to pass through the joints between the roofing material.

Also, to choose the angle of inclination, it is imperative to take into account the roofing. Each roofing material has its own minimum angle of inclination. For example, for slate, the optimal slope is 30 degrees.

Advice! When choosing the angle of inclination of the slope, it should be remembered that the consumption of roofing material depends on this indicator. Therefore, if you make the angle of inclination of the slope too large, then the material consumption will increase significantly.

For the construction of a gable roof, the optimal slope of the slope will be from 20 to 45 degrees.

Installation of a rafter system for a broken roof

After installing the Mauerlat, you can install the rafter system, which is made of wood. First you need to install vertical rafters that are attached to the gables. In order for the structure to be even, the process must be controlled using a building level and a plumb line.

The uprights must be temporarily secured with spacers. Pull the cord between the rafters and install the remaining racks. After that, girders from boards can be installed on the racks. You need to fasten the girders with metal corners and self-tapping screws. After installing the purlins, longitudinal ties can be attached to them, which will connect the parallel posts. More information about the rafter system can be seen from the video, which will take a step-by-step look at the construction of the rafter system.

Advice! Before installing the upper hanging rafters, the center of the roof must be marked. For this work, it is necessary to fix the board in the center of the gable and Mauerlat. The center of the roof will mark the top edge of the board. After that, the base of the template must be attached to the board. Thanks to this, it will be possible to correctly cut the upper rafters.

Installation of lathing under a soft roof

After installing the rafter system, you can start packing the sheathing. But in order to do it correctly, it is imperative to make high-quality waterproofing. The waterproofing foil is installed starting from the bottom of the roof. It is attached to the rafters with counter-rails. It is not recommended to fix the film with a stapler, since under the influence of condensation the staples will rust very quickly, after which the film will sag and stop performing its functions.

Also, it is very important to insulate the roof with high quality. Insulation will not only retain heat in the house, but will also serve as excellent sound insulation. For roof insulation, mineral wool is very often used. It is very easy to install and is not afraid of rodents.

Advice! It is very important to leave air vents between the insulation layer and the roof, which are made to ventilate the space. If ventilation is not done, then dampness will appear, which will destroy the constructed roof frame.

It should be understood that the lathing is stuffed specifically for the selected roofing material. For example, for a profiled sheet, it is necessary to fill a crate with a distance between the boards of 50-80 cm. But for a sloping roof, a soft roof is perfect. This is the material for which you need to make a solid crate. Although this roofing material is quite expensive, it has excellent sound insulation and a long service life.

For a soft roof, it is necessary to make a solid base. For this work, plywood, boards or OSB sheets are usually used. It should be noted that the foundations for a soft roof must be perfectly flat. The error should be at most 2 mm. It has been proven that roofing with uneven lathing lasts much less. In addition, roofing materials often do not hide the flaws of the sheathing, but only show them.

If the lathing for a soft roof is made of boards, then the gap between them should not be more than 5 mm. The boards must be installed starting from the eaves of the roof, moving upward. You need to fasten the boards with self-tapping screws, two pieces on both sides.

Advice! In order to avoid deformation of the battens, they must be fixed with the rounded side to the wooden frame.

If the lathing for the soft roof of a broken roof is made of plywood, then during installation it is imperative to leave a gap of 2 mm between the sheets. The reason for this is the thermal expansion of the plywood. You need to fix this material with brushed nails or self-tapping screws. In order for the caps of the screws not to scratch the tiles, they must be sunk into the surface of the plywood.

Output

As we saw from this article, a sloping roof is an excellent structure that can make a gray and inconspicuous house unique and unusual. When building this structure, be sure to take into account the opinion of experienced specialists and draw up a detailed roof project. Also, in no case should you save on roofing material. Unfortunately, a broken roof covered with such cheap materials, such as ondulin, very quickly begins to lose its original appearance and leak. But by adhering to all the recommendations and purchasing quality materials, the result will not disappoint you.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

A sloping roof is sometimes called a mansard roof - this type of building overlap is one of the most difficult decisions regarding design and construction. Despite this, the unusual and original design of the sloping roof attracts property owners, and they prefer it when choosing the option to create a roof. The construction of a broken roof, shown in the photo, allows you to get an additional residential or utility floor.

Features of a broken roof structure

Mansard roofs with four slopes, related to sloping roofs, have been very popular in recent years in private housing construction, since they allow the most efficient use of the internal attic space. is an excellent choice for those owners who prefer to functionally use each "square" of the area of the house.

A broken roof can decorate any building - it looks more solid and presentable, and when using a certain roofing material, the home ownership has an eye-catching appearance.

Roofs of a broken structure are erected on houses with sufficient width. The optimal value of this parameter should be about 6 meters, otherwise it is difficult to use the attic space in the most rational way, and the rafter structure is difficult to design and make it reliable in operation.

Despite the fact that the support system of such roofs looks very impressive, it is quite possible to make it with your own hands: the assembly of a sloping roof is made, as a rule, from individual modular elements on the ground, they are then lifted up and then mounted in place.

Required materials and tools

Before making a broken roof yourself, you need to prepare materials, tools and some accessories, or rather:

Protection of wooden roof elements

Before assembling a sloping roof (its rafter base), it is necessary to implement a number of preventive measures regarding the protection of wooden rafters, beams and girders from possible ignition and decay processes. Before lifting wooden elements for installation, they are treated with antiseptics and special fire-fighting compounds.

To apply them to wood parts, use a wide flat brush. The tool must be used in two steps. After applying the first layer, wait until it dries completely, and then only cover it again. This method of prevention of rotting and fire ensures the penetration of protective agents deep into the wood.

When working with these compounds, the organs of vision and respiration need reliable protection, for which glasses and a respirator must be used.

The use of a spray gun is not prohibited, but the spraying method is undesirable, since in this way it is impossible to ensure a high-quality application of impregnation. It is possible to perform treatment with protective agents against decay and fire after the installation of the rafter structure. True, in this case, it will be necessary to very carefully and carefully process the joints of the wooden elements with the compounds, releasing the clamp from the studs.

Roof rafter system for sloping roofs

The procedure determining how to make a sloping roof provides for the creation of a rafter structure in the first place, which is the basis for installing the roof covering.

The rafter system is erected as follows:

Insulation and waterproofing of a sloping roof

When asked how to make a sloping roof correctly, experts say that this is impossible without installing waterproofing and insulating layers.

You should use a heater specially designed for the roof, since this is the only way to achieve the greatest effect from the thermal insulation of the walls and ceiling of the attic room.

A layer of waterproofing and a vapor barrier material is laid on top of the rafters, which makes it possible to protect the broken roof from possible leaks and prevents condensation from collecting in the under-roof space and thereby adversely affect the microclimate of the attic room. The effect of using insulation in the presence of leaks and condensation can also be minimal.

Fasten materials for steam and waterproofing to the rafters using galvanized brackets and a construction stapler. The sheets of the waterproofing film are laid with an overlap, in extreme cases, sagging is allowed, but not more than 20 millimeters.

Sloping roof with a balcony, an example in the video:

Installation of roofing materials

A broken line is a two- or four-pitched roof, the slopes of which are divided by additional ribs into several planes. This technique allows you to create additional usable space under the roof, where you can place an attic, or erect a roof over buildings of the most complex architectural form. Most often in individual construction there are broken gable roofs, which are also called mansard roofs.

Roof design

For arranging living space under the roof, it is desirable that the width of the house be at least 6 m. This is also important for creating a solid one. Think in advance what the ratio of the parts of the slopes will be, whether there will be skylights on the roof and determine the exact location of their location. Calculate the required amount of roofing material, insulation, waterproofing according to the dimensions of the roof, scaffolding for rafters, as well as fasteners, create a detailed drawing or use a typical roof project.

There are special programs that allow you to calculate the required size of beams for the rafter system and the step between them, depending on the type of roofing material, that is, its weight, amount of precipitation in winter and other parameters.

The construction of a sloping roof must be foreseen in advance, since under it, when building a house from bricks, gas silicate blocks or foam concrete, it is necessary to fill in a reinforcing belt. Threaded rods are preliminarily laid in it with a step of 1.5-2 meters.

Materials (edit)

For the rafters, you will need a high-quality bar (for legs and braces) 5 * 10 cm and an edged board with a thickness of at least 3 cm, for a Mauerlat a bar 25 * 25 cm.Preferable coniferous wood, well dried, with a residual moisture of at least 22%. In general, the rafters for a broken roof should be more massive than for a gable roof, due to its large weight. Calculate the strength of the beam.
Between themselves, the beams and boards are fastened with steel brackets and pins 8-12 mm in size. Also, at all stages, you will need bolts, screws, nails and metal brackets for roofing work.
The lathing and counter-lathing are made of 5 * 2.5 cm wooden slats. Parts cut from thick plywood are used as connecting elements.
Insulation, hydro and vapor barrier films are required.
The roofing material for a sloping roof should not be too heavy. Metal tiles and metal profiles, ondulin, are suitable.

Roof construction requires a standard set of carpentry tools, ladders and safety equipment.

Rafter system

Before assembling the rafters, all wood is treated according to the instructions with an antiseptic and impregnated with fire-fighting solutions. For better penetration, all parts of the future rafters are covered twice. Wait until it is completely dry before proceeding with further assembly. At the same time, it is advisable to process the battens for lathing and counter battens. Holes are drilled in the bars for the Mauerlat with the same pitch with which the studs are installed.

The rafter structure is a modularly connected section. Each of them can be assembled on the ground, lifted up, and then already installed according to the drawing, which greatly simplifies the work. The rafters are connected to each other at a certain angle, and the geometry and reliability of the roof as a whole depends on the accuracy of the cut and compliance with the dimensions of all parts. For this, it is convenient to use templates made of plywood or metal made in advance according to the project.

1-2 layers of roofing material are laid on the long walls of the house and beams for the Mauerlat are installed, which are attached to the studs with nuts. It is important that they run strictly parallel to each other, and their inside coincides with the inside of the walls. If the wall is thicker than the bar for the Mauerlat, then a protective row is laid out with a brick outside. If the house is built from timber or logs, then the Mauerlat is replaced by upper beams or logs.

Vertical racks are attached to the Mauerlat using temporary struts. First, two extreme racks are installed in a row, then a rope is pulled between them, along which the rest are set. The optimal spacing between the posts is 2.5-3 m. The height of the posts should be 10-15 cm higher than the expected ceiling level. The upper sections are attached to the vertical posts, which are connected at the top. All connections are secured with plywood overlays, fixed to the timber with self-tapping screws.

Girders are attached to racks from boards, on them - crossbars. The crossbars are fixed with a temporary support and then fastened with boards. In the upper part, a girder bar is mounted, braces are installed and fixed.

Insulation and waterproofing of a sloping roof

Under the rafters, from the inside of the room, with the help of brackets, a vapor barrier is attached, observing its uniform tension (more details). A counter-lattice is stuffed onto the rafters. Sheets of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene are placed between the rafters, followed by waterproofing. It is fixed with counter-rails running from the eaves to the ridge and overlapping. Thanks to these counter-strips, ventilation of the entire “pie” is ensured and the integrity of the film is preserved. Overlapping waterproofing minimizes the risk of roof leakage. Some (up to 2 cm) sagging of the film is acceptable.

Roofing

After waterproofing, a crate is mounted on the rafters. The pitch between the slats depends on the selected roofing material, so that it is convenient to fasten it. Usually it is 20-25 cm for a soft roof and 30-35 for a hard one. In order to avoid problems with laying the roofing material in the future, attention is paid to the straightness of the location of the battens of the sheathing.

Roofing material is laid on a sloping roof using the same technology as on a gable roof.

A sloping roof is a rather complex structure compared to a conventional gable roof. When designing and erecting it, it is better to turn to professionals if the experience in construction is not great.
Shingles are not the best choice for a sloping roof because of their heavy weight. It is better to replace it with an alternative - bitumen shingles or metal shingles.
It is necessary to provide ventilation in the roof and install air vents in the ridge part.
If you plan to use the attic as a living space, you need to be especially careful about its insulation and not save on vapor barrier.

Recently, particular importance has been attached to increasing the functionality of buildings while maintaining an attractive appearance. A hand-made broken roof serves these purposes, which allows you to additionally create living space by organizing an attic room with maximum comfort. A sloping roof is a type of roof that is one of the most difficult to design and build. However, this does not make this type of roof less popular.

The concept of a sloping roof

Roofs are called broken because of their shape and the large number of broken lines. At its core, a sloping roof is a type of gable roof that allows you to get a large area of living space on the attic floor. But for many developers, the organization of additional space is not too important, they just like this shape of the roof more than the traditional gable.

Another advantage of building a sloping roof lies in the possibility of obtaining a high ceiling on the attic floor. That is, such a structure can be made higher than an ordinary gable, which often does not withstand the wind load due to too steep angles of inclination. Such opportunities are provided by a fracture on the slope: the upper part, which is more vulnerable due to the perception of wind load, has a slight slope, but the lower part drops sharply downward.

Sloping roof device

The most popular is the four-slope sloping roof, because it is such a structure that ideally combines the low complexity of the construction of rafter systems and the most efficient use of living space. With this approach, with a minimum investment of money, you can additionally get full-fledged rooms that are completely suitable for living at any time.

The device of a sloping roof implies the presence of sufficiently large rafter structures, but since it is customary to use a modular installation method during its construction, it is possible to assemble the entire system without the use of complex lifting equipment. The uprights and rafters are cut at a certain angle at the fracture of the slopes. For fastening the nodes of the entire system, plywood "kerchiefs" are used, which have a thickness of no more than 2 centimeters.

Such a hipped roof design is perfect for houses with relatively small dimensions, where it will not be possible to make a broken roof of a complex shape. And for large buildings, they usually create a slightly different rafter system.

Types of sloping roofs

There are several types of sloping roofs, depending on the number of slopes: single-slope, double-slope, three- and four-slope. As a rule, the comfort of living in the house, as well as the reliability of the building, depends on this parameter.

The sloping roof includes 2 sloping slopes. A pitched roof is a kind of inclined plane, fixed on walls of different heights. This solution is the most common, because it involves the creation of a fairly simple rafter system.

The gable roof consists of 2 slopes directed in diametrically opposite directions. This type of attic organization is also very popular. And all because this type of roof is very high quality in use. Vaulted roofs are typical for rectangular residential buildings.

A three-sloped sloping roof at the end has 1 vertical wall, and the second end is made with such profile breaks as the side slopes of the roof have. This structure is less weight due to the absence of one main wall. In addition, a three-pitched roof is equipped when the attic roof is mated with the roof of another part of the residential building.

The hipped roof has broken profiles along all 4 wall slopes. This is the most difficult version of sloped roofs from a technical point of view. But they have the lightest weight.

However, if it is essential for the developer, then you can make a heptagon. But projects of sloping roofs with a similar break in the profile are rarely used in practice due to the difficulties that arise in the installation of rafters and the installation of roofing.

Not only houses, but also balconies (loggias) in the apartment can be with a roof, including a panoramic one. It is better to entrust the installation to specialists. Unique glazing of balconies with a roof of any complexity.

Sloping roof shape

The shapes of the sloping roof are completely different. Such roofs in most cases have the form of a parabola and are most often found in private rectangular houses. The slopes are trapezoidal along the long sides and triangular along the short ones. Often, drawings of a sloping roof and its rafter system are much more complicated, and diagonal rafters appear in them.

Semi-hinged structures are considered a kind of a four-slope broken roof. The half-hip is a kind of end slope, the end of the gable roof is not cut off entirely, but only its lower and upper parts.

The roof at the bottom has a trapezoidal shape, and at the top it is a triangle. Hipped roofs include such varieties as conical, domed and pyramidal structures. Often such sloping roofs are installed for buildings of a round and polygonal shape.

Construction of a sloping roof

With all the complexity of a sloping roof, the structure can be built with your own hands. Having decided on the dimensions of the product and the layout of the sloping roof, you can proceed to its construction. Attic structures have many features that set them apart from other roofs. If installed incorrectly, the roof can leak, have poor ventilation, rainwater, ice and snow can accumulate on top.

Material selection

The rafter structure for a sloping roof is recommended to be made of wooden materials, which helps to significantly lighten the supporting structure. In this case, the use of reinforced concrete structures and metal profiles is not desirable.

To form a rafter structure, a wooden beam is required, which is characterized by optimal humidity. For construction, coniferous wood is predominantly used, as an inexpensive and softest material. To form the lathing, an edged board is needed.

The lighter the weight of the roof, the ultimately more reliable the entire sloping roof will be. Such materials include metal tiles, soft roofs, galvanized iron and reed sheets. The connection of rafter structures is made using metal brackets and brackets fixed with self-tapping screws.

Calculation of dimensions

Before building a sloping roof, a fairly accurate calculation should be made. The slightest errors in the distribution of loads can provoke a poor-quality creation of a supporting structure, which will not withstand the entire weight of the roof and rafter legs. To make the calculation correctly, you need to have at hand: a roof construction project, a calculator and a tape measure.

Accurately measure all the dimensions of the sloped roof and transfer them to the sketch. It is better to break the roof of such a plan into several different geometric shapes - trapezoids, rectangles and triangles. Next, measure the area of each figure, and by summing them, you will find out the total area of the attic roof.

In order not to face a shortage of roofing material during the construction process, you need to make its detailed calculations. It will also help you save money without overpaying for excess material. You already know the total roof area, so you can easily calculate how much it will take to build sheets of roofing material. When calculating, you need to take into account all the subtleties of the roof frame and the presence of cornices with ridge.

Wood protection

Before making a sloping roof and forming rafters, it is recommended to protect the wood from excessive moisture and take care of preventing processes that support combustion. To do this, it is necessary to treat all structures before starting installation with antiseptics and fire-fighting compounds.

In the arsenal of protective equipment today there are many compounds that prevent decay of wooden structures. The compounds are applied in several layers using a wide brush so that they penetrate the wood as deeply as possible. When working with such active substances, it is worth protecting hands and respiratory organs with a mask and special gloves.

Location of floor beams

Before you start placing floor beams, you should definitely watch a video about a broken roof with your own hands. Then install the Mauerlat and floor beams. Select the cross section of the floor beams 100 by 200 millimeters. Along the two lines of the rack, set the extreme beams from the timber strictly vertically, then pull the laces and install the intermediate ones.

A distance of no more than 3 meters is allowed between them. All racks are usually fixed with temporary struts. The height of the racks is chosen 10 centimeters more than the planned height of the ceilings in the rooms.

I would like to note that when they make a new roof on an old house, often when looking from above at the laid out floor beams, a strict rectangle is not obtained. In order to facilitate the work, it is necessary to put the racks in such a way that a rectangle will necessarily turn out of them.

Side wall frame

Place the girders from the board on top of the posts and install the remaining posts. The resulting structures will serve as the future frame of the attic side walls. Install and attach the braces on the purlins. Under each of them in the middle of the span, it is customary to put a temporary support so that when installing the rafters of the upper slopes, you can safely walk along the puffs and not be afraid that they will break.

After installing all the ties, secure them with a board on top, and the structure will become more rigid as a result. Following the instructions on how to properly build a sloping roof, it is worth installing side rafters and plugs for insulation, after which you can start installing the rafters of the upper slopes.

Installation of upper slopes

First you need to make a rafter template. Take the desired piece of board and fasten it temporarily to the extreme transom in a vertical position. One of the top corners of the board must exactly match the geometric center of the sloping roof. Make 2 rafters according to the template and install them, securing them with a brace.

Next, you need to put all the other rafters. If you are interested in how to build a sloping roof according to the traditional option, then remember that it is enough to install 4 struts on the roof - 2 each in different directions. Temporarily fasten the remaining pairs with an inch board until the crate is created. According to the picture, pendants are sewn on, which prevent the puffs from sagging when you remove the temporary supports.

After that, you need to install the frame of the pediment and sheathe it, make cornices, lathing, pediment ebb and overhangs. Next comes the line of roofing work. After connecting all structural elements, they must be additionally processed to prevent the harmful effects of moisture.

Waterproofing and roof insulation

To create a comfortable atmosphere in the attic space and reduce energy costs for heating the room, it is worth taking care of the waterproofing of the roof. It is preferable to use a special "roofing cake", which allows you to create optimal humidity. You can find out how it looks by watching a video about a sloping roof.

First, install a special underlay or waterproofing film on the crate. Lay any insulation on top of it - bulk, roll or in mats. Lay a layer of roofing roofing on it, which must be attached to the crate with dowels. Then the second row of crate is located.

Roofing

After the sloping roof is made, and the construction work on insulation and waterproofing of the roof is over, it is time to choose the roofing material. Regardless of the fact that the roof of a sloping roof has several angles of inclination in its structure, it is customary to install the roofing material using conventional technology.

The lathing system is placed on special counter-battens, which allow natural ventilation of the roof. When organizing the lathing, you need to monitor the strictest observance of the geometric dimensions in order to facilitate the installation of the roofing material, which should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP and the technology recommended by the manufacturers.

It is not advisable to cover such roofs with copper tiles or iron, because in the summer it becomes very stuffy and hot in the room, despite the presence of a large number of windows. After installing the roof, you can start installing the gutters.

Roof drainage

When constructing a sloping roof, drainage is absolutely necessary. Their purpose lies in the diversion of water that flows from the roof, from the foundation and walls of the building. The life of a house without drainage will become extremely short. Sloped roof drainage can be made of plastic, non-ferrous metals or galvanized steel. Some manufacturers cover such drains with special polymer coatings that increase the material's resistance to corrosion.

Today, you can also find plastic drainage systems on sale, which are distinguished by their low cost, low weight, low noise level under wind load, and various color and design options. Modern plastic systems for water drainage are resistant to temperature changes.

Of course, in the photo of broken roofs, drainages made of non-ferrous metals - copper, aluminum or titanium - look more attractive. In addition, they are characterized by a high level of corrosion resistance. But their cost is too high for the average builder.

Installation of roof windows

Without natural light, the attic will not become a full-fledged living room. It is necessary to install roof windows that have special frames, which are subject to rather stringent requirements. Since it is customary to install such structures in the roof, their device should imply excellent waterproofing, because heavy loads from precipitation fall on them.

Skylights are usually made of PVC or wood. Double-glazed windows for such structures should be energy-efficient, they are covered with a special film that can protect them from damage and dirt. The mechanism for opening windows should also be convenient, because they are rather difficult to clean.

Attic glazing is characterized by its own characteristics. The area of the window with vertical illumination should be 1/8 of the roof area. This ratio with built-in windows reaches 1/10. Windows can be installed in one or several rows, they can be combined.

An important point in the installation of roof windows is the sealing of slopes - they protrude slightly above the surface of the sloping roof. It is advisable to install special spacer bars, which should be located between the vapor barrier film and drywall. This will prevent condensation and create the required air flow. The vapor barrier film itself should be installed along the entire contour of the attic and the window; it should not have unnecessary holes and cracks.

Thus, the construction of a sloped roof is a rather complex technological operation, and if you do not have the appropriate skills, you should entrust this work to specialists. But if you are determined, our recommendations and instructions that illuminate the issue of how to make a sloping roof correctly will help you implement the project yourself and allow you to build a beautiful sloping roof with minimal investment.

Its peculiarity is in dividing the slope into several planes, which makes it possible to use the space under the roof for the attic device. Having a room under the roof will reduce the overall heat loss of the house. A broken roof with your own hands can be built correctly only if there are competent calculations and adherence to all standards during construction.

How to choose a tilt angle

When choosing the angle at which the roof slopes are installed, it is necessary to consider:

type of roofing;
rainfall and wind strength;
the purpose of the room - for a living space, the height of the ridge should not be placed below 2.5 meters.

The optimal value for the upper slopes is considered to be 30–45 degrees, for the lower ones - 60 degrees.

Drafting a project

Any construction begins with a drawing, and such a complex structure as a sloping roof will require drawing up a detailed diagram with all dimensions and calculations. You can get started by viewing photos and diagrams that will help you understand how to build a sloping roof structure. Knowing the size of the building, the type of roofing and insulation material, you can use special calculators to calculate the dimensions of the components for the rafter system.

The consumption of material for roofing, as well as waterproofing is calculated by the size of the roof area, which is calculated by adding the value of all the slopes. The insulation layer for the attic roof must be at least 20 cm.

Material

Before making a sloping roof, select high-quality material for its construction. For this, a dry glued laminated timber is purchased, the moisture content of which is 18-22%. Before starting installation, it undergoes mandatory treatment with an antiseptic and an anti-combustion agent. Treatment with compositions is carried out in an open space, the funds are applied in two layers.

bar for Mauerlat 200 × 200 mm, for struts 50 × 100 mm;
board 50 × 150 mm;
unedged board;
metal staples, corners, bolts, nails, screws;
battens for battens 25 × 50 mm;
vapor barrier membrane, insulation, waterproofing;
roofing material.

Construction stages

Mauerlat. The installation of the truss structure is assumed at the stage of wall construction. In the top row, special studs are laid for the subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat, which is the basis of the roof. This timber is laid along the entire perimeter of the walls, prepared pins are inserted into the drilled holes and tightened with nuts. The stud pitch is two meters, the best option if they are located between the rafters. Roofing material is laid under the Mauerlat, which provides protection from moisture. To securely hold the structure, wire strapping is used.

Beams. Thick timber with a section of 200 × 200 mm is placed directly on the Mauerlat or in special pockets left in the masonry of the walls. The edges of the beams located on the masonry are coated with mastic. The beam will serve as a support for the uprights. They are attached to the Mauerlat with metal corners. Strict adherence to the horizontal level is required in order to obtain a high-quality base for the roof. You can change the position of the beam by placing boards.

Installation of rafters. The first to be exposed are vertical stacks on the pediments. Their level is controlled using plumb lines. The uprights are temporarily fixed with spacers. A cord is pulled between the exposed rafters and all the remaining racks are installed with a step equal to the arrangement of the beams. Girders from the board are laid on the racks, they are fastened with corners and self-tapping screws. On top of the girders, longitudinal ties are attached, connecting the parallel posts and completing the upper strapping. Until the final installation of the remaining rafters, the puffs are propped up with struts.

The lower rafters are installed with support on the purlin and the Mauerlat. To facilitate the work of preparing the bars, a template is preliminarily executed. A thin board is applied to the purlin and sawing off at the desired angle. All bottom rafters are trimmed and installed. The lower part, lying on the Mauerlat, is cut out in place. For fastening, plates or corners are used, twisting them with self-tapping screws or hammering in nails.

Before installing the top hanging rafters, it is necessary to outline the center of the roof. For this, a temporary stand is used, fixed in the center of the Mauerlat and the gable tightening. The top edge of the board will mark the center of the roof. A base for a template is applied to this board, along which the cuts of the upper rafters will be performed, the second edge of the workpiece rests on the girder.

All top rafters are the same size, so they are cut using the same template. The upper ends of the rafters are connected with board scraps, plates or bots. The lower part is inserted with a saw cut into the purlin and fastened with corners. Each rafter leg is supported by a 25x150mm hanging post, which is attached to the rafter joint and to the tie bar.

The lower rafters are reinforced with permanent struts. For this, a board of 50 × 150 mm is used, the lower end is cut off at an angle and installed on a beam, the upper end is attached to the rafter with a bolt or hairpin. Having installed all the struts, remove the temporary supports.

After finishing the installation of the truss structure, it is necessary to correctly lay all the layers of the roofing cake. Initially, the rafters are sheathed with a vapor barrier membrane, starting from the bottom of the roof. The joints of the material are glued with tape. Then the insulation is laid. Between the insulation layer of the roof, it is necessary to install air vents to ventilate the space. Poor ventilation will lead to condensation and dampness. The roof covering should be selected taking into account its thermal insulation qualities, so the use of metal is not desirable. For insulation, choose safe, non-combustible materials that are not exposed to moisture. These materials include expanded polystyrene and foam glass. After insulation, waterproofing is installed.

The lathing is made directly under the selected type of roofing.