Once you find yourself, try to compare the description with yourself and with your loved ones. Just remember - this is a general horoscope. It is rather a characteristic of certain groups of people. I do not believe in horoscopes, but you can only believe in them or not - this is not science. But sometimes I am surprised by the correctness of the compiler's observations.

And yes, please do not write obscurantist comments about paganism, about the purity of our faith - the 21st century is in the yard, after all, distinguish a joke from sermons. Good luck! Good mood to you all.

The god Nile and the river of the same name were in Egypt a source of endless energy. The Egyptians believed that the Nile River gave life to the inhabitants. Thanks to its waters, the lands were irrigated and fertilized. Therefore, the inhabitants of Egypt in times of famine asked for help from this river. The god Nile was the god of fertility among the Egyptians. Representatives of this sign are very passionate and impulsive natures. The motto of their whole life is better to do and not regret than not to do and regret. They are suitable for any profession where you do not have to sit all day at the workplace, you can move around and easily change the type of activity.

The supernatural ability of the people of the Nile is the gift of healing.

People around you feel good and calm. Your biofield carries a huge positive charge. Personality: Cheerful and patient. You can easily adapt to any environment. You are very perceptive, so people are drawn to you.
You are always where your help is needed. But be careful! Because of this, you are often used. You do not forgive betrayal, you fall into a rage and act impulsively. Your judgments are peremptory.

You can be called a passionate person: in everything that you do, you rush headlong. You are a deeply family man. Treat your loved ones with special tenderness. You try to support them with a kind word and inspire them to new exploits.

Amon combined the characters of many gods: Ra (the sun god), Mina (the god of creation and reproduction), as well as the militant god Montu. Over time, Amon-Ra became a protector. He is represented as a man with a ram's head. Sometimes the head remained human, but was decorated with ram's horns or a solar disk. He was the consort of Mut, the "mother goddess".

His wards are wise and whole natures. In addition, one of their main qualities is optimism. In a team, they usually play the role of leader. And from professions they choose those that allow them to demonstrate their personal talents.
The pursuit of fame is in their blood.
The supernatural is the ability to see the future. There are many prophets among these people.

Character: Your integrity and boundless charisma attracts people to you. You are persuasive and have an oratorical talent. But sometimes you are so popular among friends, colleagues and girlfriends that you simply don’t have time for your loved one.

Courage and cheerfulness are your allies. You have a gift - to calm people down. Everyone feels at their best next to you. Sometimes it even goes beyond what is permitted. You have the aura of a leader, but not a dictator. You are a good diplomat, as you often act cunningly, on the sly.
Oddly enough, in a love relationship, it is difficult for you to fully open your soul to your partner.

Goddess Mut symbolizes a strict mother. Mut is the second most important goddess in Egyptian mythology after Isis. Her name literally translates to "mother". She was depicted as a woman with a double crown on her head: the crown of High and Lower Egypt. Sometimes she was represented in a more dangerous form: a lioness or a vulture.

Her wards are demanding both to themselves and to others. Alien to romance, they are always ready to help not in word, but in deed. Among the wards of the goddess Mut there are a lot of testers, experimenters and people who bring progress to our society.

Your supernaturalness lies in your great physical strength, health and talent to feel any trouble a mile away.

Personality: You are very emotional, and perhaps that is why you often lack self-confidence. You are often thrown from sadness to joy.

To please you, you need to stock up on remarkable patience. You are able to live in isolation from other people and cultivate your own secret garden. You think that this is how you protect yourself from negative emotions. Love takes a big place in your life. Despite your sometimes exaggerated fears, you are able to move mountains to win and achieve peace of mind in a strong union with your partner.

The Egyptians considered him a symbol of the Earth, a lasting union and unity. Geb symbolizes the earth, plants and minerals. He was depicted as a man with a red crown or in a wig divided into three parts, with the image of ... a goose.

If you were born under this sign, then you are a very good adviser, a kind and sensitive person. Among the wards of Geb are many public figures, psychologists and specialists in the field of technology.

Your supernaturalness lies in the fact that everything blooms under your hands.

As soon as you throw a seed into the ground, it will germinate. Everything green on the planet shares strength and energy with the people of Hebe. Personality: Are you sure you are phlegmatic? You are more likely to lack energy. More precisely, you have your own way of managing time: no rush, no fuss.

You are sensual, impressionable and very attractive. Friends trust you so much that even if you do not want it, they begin to share their problems with you, in full confidence that your advice will change their lives for the better. In love, you are looking for a person who is sensitive, trusting and energetic.

Egyptian horoscope - Isis (March 11-31, October 18-29, December 19-31) Isis symbolizes femininity and motherhood. The wife of Osiris, she personifies the mother goddess and protects newborns and sailors. Isis gained particular popularity because she once revived her husband Osiris, who was killed by a jealous brother. She is often depicted as a woman with a solar disk shining between her bull horns, and the son of Horus sitting on her lap.

Happiness if a representative of the weaker sex was born under her sign. After all, the main essence of Isis is love. Her wards sow warmth and tenderness around them. But at the same time they know exactly what they want in life. The stars predict their success in economics and pedagogy.

A supernatural gift brings good luck to everyone - that's your talent. You are like a lucky charm. All dark forces bypass the place where the ward of Isis resides.

Character: you are cheerful, open, ambitious. Live in full force, beautifully, energetically, without prejudice and remorse. You love exciting new experiences. You are calm, trusting, generous, love people and trust them endlessly. You are amorous, but you know how to love for a long time, flavoring family life with pleasant (or not so) surprises. However, you are so idealistic that, once you have not found a worthy partner, you are disappointed in people and prefer to live “alone than with just anyone.”

Osiris is one of the greatest Egyptian gods. Marrying his sister Isis in order to rule Egypt and bring civilization there, he enraged his brother Seth, who tried to kill him, but Isis brought her husband back to life. Thus, Osiris, a symbol of fertility and development, became the master of the "other world." The god of the dead, he spoke to people about their lives and was the guarantor of the survival of people underground. This deity symbolizes renewal, as it never dies. His wards are excellent speakers and organizers.

From the supernatural, the gods endowed you with the ability to see through people. Sometimes it seems that these people can read the minds of others. Nothing can be hidden from them. Character: your curious disposition pushes you to new unusual unexpected experiments. You believe in life and are confident in yourself. You live every moment to the fullest, not afraid to fail.

After all, there is always a spare path for you, the opportunity to fix everything, to embark on new, even more exciting adventures. Everything flows, everything changes.

However, your irrepressible optimism requires rest, so from time to time you fall into a slight depression. Self-doubt can also be caused by the fact that you cannot stay away from anything. You successfully combine strength and fragility, passion and altruism. Sometimes you look for the pie in the sky when the tit is already in your hands. Friendship for you is often stronger than love.

He helped people master speech, writing and arithmetic. He is considered the patron saint of scientists and philosophers.

God of Knowledge and Writing, Thoth was the adviser of Osiris and the protector of Horus. He was depicted as a man or a baboon with an ibis head adorned with a moon.

He was revered as the god of oratory and counting. Considered the clerk of the gods and the measure of time. This earned him the favor of the magicians. It is also said that he helped astronomers, accountants and healers.
His wards are distinguished by great attention to detail and the ability to analyze and think logically. The supernatural nature of the people of Thoth lies in the fact that they can easily master the techniques of hypnosis. Convincing anyone of anything is not a problem for them. You just have to look into the eyes of a person.

They can distinguish truth from lies in five seconds.

Character: curiosity, coupled with entrepreneurial spirit, pushes you in search of everything new and unknown. You always strive to get to the bottom of the truth. Your generosity is only matched by your honesty.

You always and everywhere feel at home. You love to work with the word, and are also endowed with a pedagogical talent.
These qualities will help you choose a profession to which you will be faithful all your life.
When it comes to love, you are able to give your partner your best, masterfully hiding all your shortcomings.

Anubis in Egyptian mythology, this god was engaged in embalming the dead. However, this ceremony under his leadership was festive, as they would say now, with jokes and jokes. Anubis, god of the dead, was the master of funeral ceremonies and mummification. He waited for the dead at the entrance to the dark realm, presided over the judgment of the soul and carried out their protection, bringing food and a grave.

His name means "jackal" and his depictions in the frescoes were of a jackal or wild dog with pointed ears and an elongated muzzle.

Anubis endowed his wards with a sense of black humor and the ability to find funny moments in difficult situations.

These people are "owls". They like to go to bed late and wake up late. Solitude is preferred to noisy companies. And in the service, being one on one with a problem can bring much more benefits than working in a team.

The supernatural ability of the people of Anubis is the talent to administer justice. Thanks to the patronage of this mysterious god, none of the mortals can hide the truth from people. He always stands up for the weak and punishes the guilty.

Personality: You prefer shadow to light, the loneliness of popularity… Seems like a very mysterious person to many. You are valued for your sensitivity, sincerity and loyalty.

You are a little idealistic and very emotional. That is why you sometimes get depressed. But perhaps it is she who helps you solve some problems. You are an excellent psychologist, because the world of the unconscious is not a secret to you.

You are adamant and do not change the decision once made. This creates some problems in love relationships. Old wounds don't heal, which is why it's so hard for you to find your soul mate.

Therefore, you choose a partner very carefully, making sure ten times that your relationship is built on full mutual respect and consent.

Among the ancient people, Set was considered a symbol of freedom. God of darkness, disorder, deserts, storms and war. Often he was depicted as a man with a boar's head. The Egyptians attached particular importance to the cult of Set.

Out of jealousy, he killed his brother, Osiris, but Isis, the wife of Osiris, with the help of Thoth and Anubis, revived him. As punishment for such an act, Set was banished to the desert. Other sources report that he was sent to heaven, where he now appears before us in the form of Ursa Major.

Those born under the sign of Seth are extremely ambitious, inventive, confident in themselves and in their rightness. Such people are often chosen to be politicians and leaders of the highest echelons of power.

The supernaturalness of Seth's wards manifests itself when they begin to guess on the cards, on the coffee grounds and even on the clouds.

Personality: You are a conqueror and believe that obstacles are created in order to overcome them. Therefore, you are constantly looking for them. Do not focus on the past, but look to the future with hope.

You don’t know how to learn from your past mistakes, so you constantly start something again, test your abilities, compete with someone. You find inner peace in the fight against inner paradoxes.

Often you feel like you can only rely on yourself. You hate restrictions in the professional, social and love spheres. With your selfishness, you protect yourself from events that could hurt you. Prefer to run and hide in order to maintain your freedom. In love, you can hardly control your jealousy: you subconsciously choose those partners who will like your impulsive behavior.

Bastet is the goddess of love and fertility. She was depicted as a woman with the head of a cat or a lioness. She protected the pharaohs and mankind.

The deity in the guise of a cat gives its wards charm, the ability to subtly feel, understand the situation. They are ideal wives and mothers.

They will easily succeed in all professions that they consider feminine. They make excellent teachers, nurses, florists and accountants. They knit, sew, and cook deliciously. Supernatural can be considered their ability to calm and relieve stress. They have an amazing "cozy" biofield that warms everyone around.

Personality: You are used to being defensive. Vigilance is your forte, but excessive caution makes it difficult to correctly assess the situation. You need to overcome shyness and open up to the world, then life will seem much more interesting and brighter. Your charm and natural charm, as well as diplomacy, grace and generosity, attract people to you. Insight, well-developed intuition and a sense of tact make your friends turn to you for advice. And they are not mistaken, because you will always find the right words for everyone.

In love, you are looking for a partner who can appreciate your sensuality and emotionality. You surround your loved ones with special attention, care and boundless love.

He is often depicted as a man with a bird's head. God of Heaven, Stars, Love, protector of the pharaohs, Horus is one of the most ancient and important Egyptian gods. He is depicted most often in the form of a falcon, with a solar disk above his head, or in the form of a man with a falcon's head. It is said that his eyes are able to see at night.

Those who were born under the auspices of Horus are made for flight. They have a great imagination, a rich imagination, and they perfectly realize themselves in the field of creative professions. They make good biologists and zoologists and animal trainers.

The supernatural nature of Horus's wards is manifested in the fact that they can understand the language of animals. Cats and dogs happily respond to their commands. With caress and strength, they can tame any beast. Character: you are valued for your cheerfulness, nobility and healthy pragmatism. You see your goals clearly, so there should be no problems with their achievement. You have the soul of a creator, and you are not afraid of hard work, on the contrary, you strive for it. You love risk and do not run from responsibility. In addition, always be sure of yourself.

Love to manage, control everything, others are not enthusiastic about your despotism. You are not very tactful. You should work on patience and diplomacy. You are quite capable of love at first sight. But such love is fleeting. Everything has its time. With age, you will become more constant in your feelings.

This is a deity with a lion's head. His judgment is impartial. The main goal of his life is justice. Sekmet means "power, strength". Sekmet was the goddess of quarrel and war. It caused dryness or floods, in general, was a source of human misfortune. This malicious girl spread epidemics, but she also had the power to get rid of diseases. She patronized doctors and magicians.

She was represented as a lioness or a woman dressed in a long tunic with the head of a lioness. If you were born under the sign of this deity, then most likely you enjoy great authority among mere mortals, you are demanding of yourself and others.
You will be equally talented in all professions where you often have to communicate with people and make important decisions. Your luck seems supernatural.

You know how to appear at the right time and in the right place. And no matter what business you undertake, you will always be lucky.

Character: you are a passionate, adamant, proud person. You always have many friends, although you are not too indulgent towards others. You control yourself well, and therefore rarely make mistakes.

However, behind your proud appearance lies an honest, sensitive, cautious nature, waiting for recognition. Being a perfectionist to the tips of your nails, you always remain unsatisfied. More flexibility, fantasy and less self-criticism will help you to accept this life more easily.

Well, how? Did you find yourself and your loved ones in any description? Learned?

Bronze, 1350 BC.

Amon ("hidden", "hidden"), in Egyptian mythology, the god of the sun. The sacred animal of Amun is the ram and the goose (both symbols of wisdom). God was depicted as a man (sometimes with a ram's head), with a scepter and a crown, with two high feathers and a solar disk. The cult of Amun originated in Thebes and then spread throughout Egypt. Amon's wife, the sky goddess Mut, and son, the moon god Khonsu, formed the Theban triad with him. During the Middle Kingdom, Amon began to be called Amon-Ra, since the cults of the two deities united, acquiring a state character. Amun later acquired the status of a beloved and especially revered god of the pharaohs, and during the Eighteenth Dynasty of the pharaohs was declared the head of the Egyptian gods. Amon-Ra gave victories to the pharaoh and was considered his father. Amon was also revered as a wise, omniscient god, "the king of all gods", a heavenly intercessor, a protector of the oppressed ("a vizier for the poor").

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Bronze, New Kingdom period Copy

Anubis, in Egyptian mythology, the god - the patron of the dead, the son of the god of vegetation Osiris and Nephthys, the sister of Isis. Nephthys hid the newborn Anubis from her husband Seth in the swamps of the Nile Delta. The mother goddess Isis found the young god and raised him.
Later, when Set killed Osiris, Anubis, organizing the burial of the deceased god, wrapped his body in fabrics soaked in a special composition, thus making the first mummy. Therefore, Anubis is considered the creator of funeral rites and is called the god of embalming. Anubis also helped judge the dead and accompanied the righteous to the throne of Osiris. Anubis was depicted as a black jackal or wild dog Sab (or a man with the head of a jackal or a dog).
The center of the cult of Anubis is the city of the 17th nome of Kas (Greek Kinopol - "dog city").

God Anubis removes the heart of the deceased to be weighed at the judgment of Osiris
Painting from the tomb of Sennedjem
Fragment, 13th century. BC.

Bronze, 600g. BC.
Apis, in Egyptian mythology, the god of fertility in the form of a bull with a sun disk. Memphis was the center of the Apis cult. Apis was considered the Ba (soul) of the god Ptah, the patron saint of Memphis, as well as the sun god Ra. The living embodiment of the god was a black bull with special white marks. The Egyptians believed that the ritual run of the sacred bull fertilizes the fields. Apis was associated with the cult of the dead and was considered the bull of Osiris. On sarcophagi, Apis was often depicted running with a mummy on his back. Under the Ptolemies, there was a complete merger of Apis and Osiris in a single deity Serapis. To keep the sacred bulls in Memphis, not far from the temple of Ptah, a special Apeion was built. The cow that gave birth to Apis was also revered and kept in a special building. In the event of the death of a bull, the whole country was plunged into mourning, and its burial and the choice of a successor were considered an important state matter. Apis was embalmed and buried according to a special ritual in a special crypt of the Serapenium near Memphis.
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Worship of the Aten

Temple of the Aten, 14th century BC.
Aten ("disk of the sun"), in Egyptian mythology, the god is the personification of the solar disk. The heyday of the cult of this god dates back to the reign of Amenhotep IV (1368 - 1351 BC). At the beginning of his reign, Aten acted as the embodiment of all the main gods of the sun. Then Amenhotep IV declared Aten the only god of all Egypt, forbidding the worship of other gods. He changed his name Amenhotep ("Amun is pleased") to Akhenaten ("pleasing to the Aten" or "useful to the Aten"). The pharaoh himself, who considered himself his son, became the high priest of the god. Aton was depicted as a solar disk with rays that ended in hands holding the sign of life ankh, a symbol of the fact that life was given to people, animals and plants by Aton. It was believed that the sun-god is present in every object and living being. Aten was depicted as a solar disk, the rays of which end in open palms.

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Gods Geb and Nut

Papyrus Geb, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the earth, the son of the air god Shu and the goddess of moisture Tefnut. Geb quarreled with his sister and wife Nut ("heaven"), as she daily ate her children - heavenly bodies, and then gave birth to them again. Shu separated the couple. He left Geb below, and lifted Nut up. The children of Geb were Osiris, Seth, Isis, Nephthys. The soul (Ba) of Hebe was embodied in Khnum, the god of fertility. The ancients believed that Geb was kind: he guarded the living and the dead from snakes living in the earth, the plants needed by people grew on him, which is why he was sometimes depicted with a green face. Geb was associated with the underworld of the dead, and his title "prince of princes" gave him the right to be considered the ruler of Egypt. Geb's heir is Osiris, from him the throne passed to Horus, and the pharaohs, who considered their power as given by the gods, were considered the successors and servants of Horus.

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God Horus, relief

fragment, 1320 BC
Horus, Horus ("height", "sky"), in Egyptian mythology, the god of heaven and the sun in the guise of a falcon, a man with a falcon's head or a winged sun, the son of the fertility goddess Isis and Osiris, the god of productive forces. His symbol is a solar disk with outstretched wings. Initially, the falcon god was revered as a predatory god of hunting, claws digging into prey. According to the myth, Isis conceived Horus from the dead Osiris, who was treacherously killed by the formidable god of the desert, Seth, his brother. Having retired deep into the swampy Nile Delta, Isis gave birth and raised a son who, having matured, in a dispute with Seth, seeks to recognize himself as the sole heir of Osiris. In the battle with Seth, the murderer of his father, Horus is first defeated - Seth tore out his eye, the wonderful Eye, but then Horus defeated Set and deprived him of his masculinity. As a sign of submission, he placed the sandal of Osiris on Set's head. He gave his wonderful Eye of Horus to be swallowed by his father, and he came to life. The resurrected Osiris gave his throne in Egypt to Horus, and he himself became the king of the underworld.

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Relief, X century. BC. Min, in Egyptian mythology, the god of fertility, the "producer of crops", who was depicted with a standing phallus and a raised whip in his right hand, as well as in a crown adorned with two long feathers. It is believed that Ming was originally revered as a creator god, but in ancient times he began to be worshiped as the god of roads and the protector of those wandering through the desert. The Ming was also considered the protector of the harvest. The main holiday in his honor was called the Feast of the Steps. Sitting on his step, the god accepted the first sheaf cut by the pharaoh himself.
Ming, as the "lord of the deserts", was also the patron of foreigners; patron of Coptos. Ming patronized the reproduction of livestock, therefore he was also revered as the god of cattle breeding.

Papyrus Nun, in Egyptian mythology, the embodiment of the water element, which existed at the dawn of time and contained the life force. In the image of Nun, ideas about water as a river, sea, rain, etc. are merged. Nun and his wife Naunet, personifying the sky across which the sun swims at night, were the first pair of gods, all the gods descended from them: Atum, Hapi, Khnum , as well as Khepri and others. It was believed that Nun headed the council of the gods, where the lioness goddess Hathor-Sekhmet was entrusted with punishing people who plotted evil against the solar god Ra.

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Painting from the tomb of Sennedjem
Fragment, 13th century. BC e.
Osiris, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the productive forces of nature, the lord of the underworld, the judge in the realm of the dead. Osiris was the eldest son of the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut, the brother and husband of Isis. He reigned on earth after the gods Pa, Shu and Geb and taught the Egyptians agriculture, viticulture and winemaking, the extraction and processing of copper and gold ore, the art of medicine, the construction of cities, and established the cult of the gods. Set, his brother, the evil god of the desert, decided to kill Osiris and made a sarcophagus according to the measurements of his older brother. Having arranged a feast, he invited Osiris and announced that the sarcophagus would be presented to those who had to fit. When Osiris lay down in the capcophagus, the conspirators slammed the lid, filled it with lead and threw it into the waters of the Nile. Faithful wife Osiris, Isis, found the body of her husband, miraculously extracted the life force hidden in it, and conceived from the dead Osiris a son named Horus. When Horus grew up, he took revenge on Set. Horus gave his magical Eye, torn out by Set at the beginning of the battle, to be swallowed by his dead father. Osiris came to life, but did not want to return to earth, and, leaving the throne to Horus, began to reign and judge in the afterlife. Usually Osiris was depicted as a man with green skin, sitting among the trees, or with a vine wrapped around his figure. It was believed that, like the entire plant world, Osiris dies every year and is reborn to a new life, but the fertilizing life force in him is preserved even in the dead.

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Statue from the treasury of Tutankhamun, XIV century. BC e.
Ptah, in Egyptian mythology, the creator god, patron of arts and crafts, especially revered in Memphis. Ptah created the first eight gods (his incarnations - Ptah), the world and everything that exists in it (animals, plants, people, cities, temples, crafts, arts, etc.) with "language and heart." Having conceived the creation in his heart, he expressed his thoughts in words. Sometimes Ptah was called the father of even such gods as Ra and Osiris. The wife of Ptah was the goddess of war Sekhmet, the son was Nefertum, the god of vegetation. In Greek mythology, Hephaestus most closely matches it. Ptah was depicted as a mummy with an open head, with a rod standing on a hieroglyph meaning truth.

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Ra, fresco on the tomb,
XIII century BC.
Ra, Re, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the sun, embodied in the image a falcon, a huge cat or a man with a falcon's head crowned with a solar disk. Ra, god of the sun, was the father of Wajit, the cobra of the North, which protected the pharaoh from the scorching rays of the sun. According to the myth, during the day, the beneficent Ra, illuminating the earth, sails along the celestial Nile in the barque Mandzhet, in the evening he transfers to the barque Mesektet and continues his journey along the underground Nile in it, and in the morning, having defeated the serpent Apep in the nightly battle, reappears on the horizon. A number of myths about Ra are associated with the Egyptians' ideas about the change of seasons. The spring flowering of nature heralded the return of the goddess of moisture Tefnut, the fiery Eye shining on the forehead of Ra, and her marriage to Shu. The summer heat was explained by the anger of Ra on people. According to the myth, when Ra grew old, and people stopped revering him and even “planned evil deeds against him, Ra immediately gathered a council of the gods, headed by Nun (or Atum), at which it was decided to punish the human race. The goddess Sekhmet (Hathor), in the form of a lioness, killed and devoured people until, by cunning, she was able to drink barley beer red as blood. Intoxicated, the goddess fell asleep and forgot about revenge, and Ra, having proclaimed Geb as his viceroy on earth, climbed onto the back of a heavenly cow and from there continued to rule the world. The ancient Greeks identified Ra with Helios.
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God Sebek New Kingdom Period

Sobek, Sebek, in Egyptian mythology, the god of water and the flood of the Nile, whose The sacred animal was the crocodile. He was depicted as a crocodile or as a man with the head of a crocodile. The center of his cult is the city of Khatnecher-Sobek (Greek: Krokodilopol), the capital of Fayum. It was believed that in the lake adjoining the main sanctuary of Sobek, the crocodile Petsukhos was kept, as a living embodiment of God. Admirers of Sobek, who sought his protection, drank water from the lake and fed delicacies to the crocodile. In the II millennium BC. e. many kings called themselves Sebekhotep, that is, "Sebek is pleased." It is believed that the ancients perceived Sebek as the main deity, giving fertility and abundance, as well as the protector of people and gods. According to some myths, the evil god Set took refuge in the body of Sobek to avoid punishment for the murder of Osiris. Sobek is sometimes considered the son of Neith, the great mother of the gods, the goddess of war, hunting, water and the sea, who is also credited with the birth of the terrible serpent Apep.
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, basalt
14th century BC e.

Seth, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the desert, that is, "foreign countries", the personification of the evil inclination, the brother and murderer of Osiris, one of the four children of the earth god Geb and Nut, the goddess of the sky. The sacred animals of Set were considered a pig (“abomination for the gods”), an antelope, a giraffe, and the donkey was the main one. The Egyptians imagined him as a man with a thin long torso and a donkey's head. Some myths attributed to Set the salvation of Ra from the serpent Apep - Set pierced the giant Apep, personifying darkness and evil, with a harpoon. At the same time, Set also embodied the evil principle - as the deity of the merciless desert, the god of strangers: he cut down sacred trees, ate the sacred cat of the goddess Bast, etc. In Greek mythology, Set was identified with Typhon, a dragon-headed serpent, and was considered the son of Gaia and Tartar.

, weighing the soul
Drawing from the "Book of the Dead" by Hunifer
OK. 1320 BC

Thoth, Dzhehuti, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the moon, wisdom, counting and writing, the patron of sciences, scribes, sacred books, the creator of the calendar. The goddess of truth and order, Maat, was considered the wife of Thoth. The sacred animal of Thoth was the ibis, and therefore the god was often depicted as a man with the head of an ibis. The Egyptians associated the arrival of the ibis-Thoth with the seasonal floods of the Nile. When Thoth returned Tefnut (or Hathor, as one of the myths says) to Egypt, nature flourished. He, identified with the moon, was considered the heart of the god Ra and was depicted behind the Pa-sun, since he was reputed to be his night substitute. Thoth was credited with creating the entire intellectual life of Egypt. "Lord of time", he divided it into years, months, days and kept track of them. The wise Thoth wrote down the birthdays and deaths of people, kept chronicles, and also created a written language and taught the Egyptians counting, writing, mathematics, medicine and other sciences.

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God Thoth with a baboon
Bronze, 1340 BC.

It is known that his daughter or sister (wife) was the goddess of writing Seshat; Thoth's attribute is the scribe's palette. Under his patronage were all the archives and the famous library of Hermopol, the center of the cult of Thoth. God "ruled all languages" and was himself considered the language of the god Ptah. As a vizier and scribe of the gods, Thoth was present at the trial of Osiris and recorded the results of weighing the soul of the deceased. Since Thoth participated in the justification of Osiris and gave the order for his embalming, he took part in the funeral ritual of every deceased Egyptian and led him to the kingdom of the dead. On this basis, Thoth is identified with the Greek herald of the gods, Hermes, who was considered a psychopomp ("leader of the soul"). He was often depicted with a baboon, one of his sacred animals.
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God Khnum New Kingdom Period

Khnum ("creator"), in Egyptian mythology, the god of fertility, the creator who created the world from clay on his potter's wheel. He is often depicted as a man with a ram's head, sitting in front of a potter's wheel, on which stands a figurine of a creature he has just created. It was believed that Khnum created gods, people, and also controlled the floods of the Nile. According to one of the legends, the scientist and sage Imhotep, a dignitary and architect of Pharaoh Djoser (III millennium BC), in connection with a seven-year famine, advised Djoser to make a rich offering to the god of fertility. Pharaoh followed this advice, and Khnum appeared to him in a dream, promising to release the waters of the Nile. That year the country received a wonderful harvest.

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The list of the gods of ancient Egypt and their description will help to reveal an integral part of the daily life of the people of early civilization. Such information will be useful for students of grade 5 studying ancient history, as well as for all those interested.

There were over 2,000 deities in the Egyptian pantheon. The more famous gods became state deities, while others were associated with a specific region or, in some cases, ritual.

Well-known pictures with ancient deities are widely known to modern society.

The history of the ancient world was shaped by these deities and the important role they played in the immortal journey of every human being.

Features of the gods of ancient Egypt

The main value of Egyptian culture is Maat - harmony and balance, represented by the eponymous goddess Maat with a white feather.

Egyptian deities were fictitious personalities, had their own names and individual characteristics, wore different types of clothes, held different positions, led, individually reacted to ongoing events.

The Egyptians had no problem with multiple gods. Characteristics and roles were put together to reconcile different religious beliefs, practices, or ideals. For example, for political and religious reasons, the god Amun, who was considered the most powerful deity of the New Kingdom, was combined with Ra, whose cult was associated with the older period of Egypt.

Why did the Egyptians revere Amun-Ra? The sun god is the embodiment of the solar disk, which brought the harvest to the Egyptians. The entire civilization of ancient Egypt was largely dependent on the sun's rays.

From this point of view, it was the deity of the Sun that became the main among the ideas of the population. In addition, the presence of a single cult of a deity was an excellent lever for strengthening power in the role of the patron of the Pharaoh.

Major gods of ancient Egypt

Amat- a goddess with the head of a crocodile, the torso of a leopard, the back of a hippopotamus.

It was located under the rocks of justice in the Hall of Truth in the afterlife and absorbed the souls of those who failed to justify themselves before Osiris.

Amon (Amon-Ra)- deity of the sun, air, king of the gods of Egypt. One of the most powerful and popular gods, the patron of the city of Thebes. Amon was revered as part of the Theban triad - Amon, his wife Mut and their son Khonsu.

By the time of the New Kingdom, Amun was considered the king of the gods in Egypt, and his worship was limited to monotheism. Other gods were considered different aspects of Amun. His priesthood was the most powerful and the position of the wife of Amun, bestowed on royal women, was almost on a par with that of the pharaoh.

Anubis- the god of death, the dead and embalming, the patron of the pharaoh. Son of Nephthys and Osiris, father of Cebet. Anubis was portrayed as a man with the head of a jackal. He guided the souls of the dead in the Hall of Truth, was part of the Weighing of the Heart of the Soul ritual in the afterlife.

He was probably the first god of the dead before this role was given to Osiris. He acted as the patron of the ruling pharaoh in Egypt.

Apis- divine from Memphis, playing the role of the incarnation of the god Ptah. One of the early gods of ancient Egypt, depicted on the Narmer palette (ca. 3150 BC).

The cult of Apis was one of the most important and long-lasting in the history of Egyptian culture.

Apop (Apophis) the serpent that attacks Ra's solar boat every day as it travels through the underworld towards dawn.

A ritual known as the overthrow of Apophis was performed at the temples to help the gods and departed souls protect the boat and ensure the dawn of the day.

Aton- the solar disk, originally the deity of the Sun, which was elevated by Pharaoh Akhenaten (1353-1336 BC) to the position of the only god, the creator of the universe.

Atum or Atum (Ra)- the deity of the sun, the supreme ruler of the gods, the first lord of the Ennead (the tribunal of the nine gods), the creator of the universe and people.

It is the first divine being that stands on a primordial hill in the midst of chaos and relies on Heki's magical powers to create all the other gods.

Bastet (Bast)- the beautiful goddess of cats, the mistress of women's secrets, childbirth, fertility and protection of the house from evil or misfortune. She was the daughter of Ra and is closely related to Hathor.

Bastet was one of the most popular deities of ancient Egypt. The Persians used Egyptian devotion to the goddess of cats to their advantage by winning the Battle of Pelusium. They painted images of Bastet on their shields, knowing that the Egyptians would rather surrender than insult their goddess.

Bes (Besu, Beza)- the keeper of childbirth, fertility, sexuality, humor and war. He is one of the most popular gods in Egyptian history who protected women and children and fought for divine order and justice.

Geb- deity of the earth, growing plants.

Gore An early bird god who became one of the most important deities in ancient Egypt. Associated with the sun, sky, power. Horus acted as the patron of the pharaoh of Egypt already in the First Dynasty (approximately 3150-2890 BC). When Horus came of age, he fought with his uncle for the kingdom and won, restoring order to the land.

The pharaohs of Egypt, with few exceptions, associated themselves with Horus in life and with Osiris after death. The king was considered the living embodiment of Horus.

Imhotep- one of the few people deified by the Egyptians. He was the court architect of Amonhotep III (1386-1353 BC).

He was considered so wise that after his death, several centuries later, Imhotep became a living god. He had a large temple at Thebes with a healing center at Deir el-Bahri.

Isis The most powerful goddess in Egyptian history. She was associated with almost all aspects of human life and eventually rose to the position of the supreme deity "Mother of the Deities", who cared for her fellows.

She is the ancestor of the First Five Gods.

Maat- the goddess of truth, justice, harmony, one of the most important deities in the Egyptian pantheon. She created the stars in the sky, she created the seasons.

Maat embodies the principle of maat (harmony), which was central to the culture of ancient Egypt. She is depicted as a woman wearing an ostrich feather crown.

Mafdet- the goddess of truth and justice, who pronounced condemnation and quickly executed the execution. Her name means "She Who Runs" and is given to her for the speed with which she delivered justice.

Mafdet protected people from poisonous bites, especially from scorpions.

Mertseger (Meritseger)- the goddess of the ancient Egyptian religion, responsible for the protection and protection of the huge Theban necropolis, located on the west bank of the Nile.

Meskhenet- the goddess of childbirth. Meskhenet is present at the birth of a person, creates a “ka” (an aspect of the soul) and breathes into the body.

She is also present at the judgment of the soul during the afterlife as a comforter.

Min- the ancient god of fertility, the deity of the eastern deserts, who watched travelers. Ming has also been associated with the black fertile mud of the Egyptian delta.

Mnevis- the bull-god, the embodiment of the sun, the son of the sun, the god of the city of Heliopolis, the son of Hesat (Heavenly cow).

Montu- the god of the falcon, who took a prominent place in the 11th dynasty in Thebes (circa 2060-1991 BC). All three dynasties of pharaohs took his name.

He eventually became associated with Ra as a composite version of the sun god Amon-Ra.

Mut- an early mother goddess, who most likely played a minor role in the period 6000-3150 BC. BC e.

In the late period, Mut became a prominent wife of Amun and mother of Khonsu, part of the Theban Triad.

Nate- one of the oldest deities of ancient Egypt, who was worshiped from the early period (approximately 6000-3150 BC) until the Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC). Neith was the goddess of war, motherhood, funeral ritual.

She was the most important goddess of Lower Egypt in early history. In early depictions, she is holding a bow and arrows.

Nepri- controlled the grain, the god of the harvest. Nepri is often depicted as a man who is completely covered with ripe ears of cereals. The hieroglyphs that write his name also include grain symbols.

Nephthys- Goddess of burial ritual. Her name means "Mistress of the Temple" or "Mistress of the House", referring to the heavenly home or temple.

She is depicted as a woman with a house on her head.

Nehebkau- a protective god who joins the "ka" (aspect of the soul) to the body at birth and combines "ka" with "ba" (the winged aspect of the soul) after death.

He is depicted as a serpent that swam in the primordial waters at the dawn of creation, before Atum rose from chaos to create order.

chickpeas- in the ancient Egyptian religion, the goddess of the sky, the daughter of Shu and Tefnut, the wife of Geb.

Ogdoada- eight gods representing the original elements of creation: Nu, Naunet (water); Heh, Howet (infinity); Keck, Kauket (darkness); Amun and Amonet (secrecy, obscurity).

Osiris- judge of the dead. His name means "Mighty". He was originally a god of fertility who rose in popularity through the myths of Osiris, in which he was killed by his brother, Set.

In the Egyptian Book of the Dead, he is often referred to as a just judge.

Ptah (Ptah)- one of the oldest Egyptian gods, which appears in the first dynastic period (approximately 3150-2613 BC).

Ptah was the great god of Memphis, the creator of the world, the lord of truth. He was the patron god of sculptors and artisans, as well as monument builders.

Ra- the great sun god of Heliopolis, whose cult spread throughout Egypt, becoming the most popular for the Fifth Dynasty (2498-2345 BC).

He is the supreme lord and creator of the god who rules over the earth. He drives his boat of the sun across the heavens by day, revealing another aspect of himself with each advance of the disk across the sky, and then dives into the underworld in the evening when the boat is threatened by the serpent Apophis (Apophis).

Renenutet- a goddess depicted as a cobra or a cobra with a woman's head. Her name means "Snake that feeds". Renetutet was in charge of education and childcare.

She was believed to protect the clothes worn by the pharaoh in the afterlife. In this capacity, she appeared as a fiery cobra that drove away the enemies of the pharaoh.

Sebek- An important deity of protection in the form of a crocodile or a man with the head of a crocodile. Sebek was the god of water, but also associated with medicine, in particular with surgery.

His name means "crocodile". Sebek was the lord of the swamps, any other wet regions of Egypt.

Serket (Selket)- the goddess of burial, first mentioned during (from 6000-3150 BC) the first dynasty of Egypt (approximately 3150-2890 BC).

She is known from a golden statue found in Tutankhamun's tomb. Serket was a scorpion goddess, depicted as a woman with scorpions on her head.

Seth (Seth)- the god of the desert, storm, disorders, violence, as well as foreigners in the ancient Egyptian religion.

Sekhmet- one of the most significant representatives of the pantheon of ancient Egypt. Sekhmet was a lion deity, usually depicted as a woman with the head of a lion.

Her name means "Powerful" and is usually interpreted as "The Mighty Feminine". She was the goddess of destruction, healing, desert winds, cool breezes.

Seshat- was the goddess of written words, precise measurements.

Sopdu- the protective Lord of the eastern border of Egypt, guarding the outposts, a soldier on the border. He is depicted as a falcon with a ring over his right wing, or as a bearded man with a crown with two feathers.

Tatenen- the earthly lord, personifying the primary mound during creation, symbolized the land of Egypt.

Tawart- is a protective ancient Egyptian goddess of childbirth, fertility.

Tefnut- the creator of moisture, sister Shu, daughter of Atum (Ra) at the creation of the world. Shu and Tefnut were the first two daughters of Atum, created by mating with his shadow. Tefnut is the goddess of the atmosphere of the lower world, the earth.

That- the Egyptian Lord of writing, magic, the god of wisdom and the god of the moon. The patron of all scientists, officials, libraries, the keeper of the state and world order.

He was one of the most important deities of ancient Egypt, who alternately said that he was self-created or born from the seed of Horus from the forehead of Set.

Wadget- is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royalty and good health.

Upout- the oldest image of the jackal god, which preceded Anubis, with which he is often confused.

Phoenix- a bird deity, better known as the Bennu bird, the divine bird of creation. The Bennu bird was closely associated with Atum, Ra, Osiris.

Hapi- deity of fertility, patron of crops. He gets on the drawings as a man with large breasts, as well as a stomach, which means fertility, success.

Hathor- one of the most famous, most popular deities of Ancient Egypt, the goddess of love.

A very ancient goddess, a heavenly cow who gave birth to the sun. She was endowed with the most diverse abilities.

Hekat- patron of magic, medicine. He was present during the act of creation.

Khepri- the solar god, depicted with the form of a scarab beetle.

Hershef (Herishef)- the main god of the city of Heracleopolis, where he was worshiped as the creator of the world.

Khnum- one of the earliest known Egyptian deities, originally the god of the sources of the Nile, was depicted with a ram's head.

Khonsu- the god of the moon, measurements and time. Son of Amon and Mut or Sebek and Hathor. Khonsu's task is to observe the passage of time.

choir- the national guardian of the ancient Egyptians, the god of the sky and the sun, having the appearance of a falcon.

Usually he was depicted as a man with a falcon's head, wearing a red and white crown, as a symbol of kingship over the entire kingdom of Egypt.

Chenenet (Rattawi) Goddess-wife of the god Montu. It was associated with the cult of the sun.

Shai Shai- was the deification of the concept of fate.

Shu- one of the original Egyptian gods, the personification of dry air.

Ennead- the nine main gods in Ancient Egypt, which originally arose in the city of Heliopolis. Includes the first nine gods of this city: Nephthys, Atum, Shu, Geb, Nut, Tefnut, Set, Osiris, Isis.

Thus the Egyptian pantheon was clearly divided into numerous roles. Often different deities merged and changed their meaning.

The mythology and religion of ancient Egypt is very interesting and mysterious. The inhabitants of the country of the pyramids believed in the gods, gave them names and drew their images. From this article you will learn the names of the gods of Egypt, why they were feared and respected, loved and revered, organized holidays and celebrations.

A specific god was responsible for each situation or activity. But in general, the detailed Egyptian religion and mythology to this day attracts the attention of both Egyptologists and lovers of antiquity.

Here are the deities who had a great influence on Egypt. The mystery of the five gods - Ra, Amon, Anubis, Horus and Osiris - is one of the main secrets of Ancient Egypt.

Gods of Egypt: pantheon of the Nile state

The pharaohs, according to the ancient Egyptians, were also gods. And after death, their bodies were placed in pyramids. The Egyptians believed that with the help of the pyramids, the pharaohs became immortal and went to heaven to the rest of the gods.

The secrets of the gods of Egypt have not been revealed to this day. Egyptologists literally piece by piece collect information about the ancient culture and religion of the country of the Great Nile. Thanks to this, we have the opportunity to immerse ourselves in the ancient world of the pyramids and pharaohs and learn a little about the Egyptian gods.

Below are the names of the gods of Egypt, which were of great importance in the history of the country, as well as their descriptions. The magazine "Secrets of the Gods of Egypt" will give you a more complete picture of the Egyptian pantheon of gods.

Ra

The inhabitants of a sunny country cannot imagine their life without the sun, in this regard, the sun god in Egypt is the most revered deity. The god of the sun in Egypt is Ra. But he did not immediately become dominant.

The cult of his worship originated in the city of Iunu, which was the most important city in the country, and its location was not far from the modern capital of Egypt. The origin of the cult of the god Ra goes back very far into the past, thousands and thousands of years ago, the influence of this deity was very strong.

The sun played an important role for the Egyptians, so each period of solar stay in the sky during the day had a specific name. For example, the morning sun was called Khepri, the daytime and bright one, which towered majestically over the country in the middle of the day, was called Ra, and the evening one, preparing for sleep, was called Atum.

There are a lot of versions of the origin of the god Ra: for example, there is a version that the sun god in Ancient Egypt is a golden calf that was born by the Cosmic cow Nut; according to another version, the god Ra appeared from the sacred lotus, which breathed life into him.

Creator of the world

Then Ra created humidity and air - Tefnut and Shu, who were the creators of heaven and earth - Nut and Geb. These gods became the parents of such gods as Set, Isis, Nephthys and Osiris. It was this moment that began the birth of the entire universe and Egypt.

According to the ancient Egyptians, Ra flew through the sky on wings, and therefore the image of the solar disk with wings was the main symbol of Egypt.

It was also believed that the god of the sun in ancient Egypt traveled through the heavens in his solar boat, with a retinue of other gods. And with the onset of night, the sun god changed into another boat - a night one and continued his journey.

The night journey of the god Ra was fraught with many dangers, one of which was a meeting with a giant serpent, the main enemy of Ra. But the sun god overcame all obstacles and dangers every night, and in the morning the sun rose again and illuminated majestic Egypt.

God Ra greatly influenced the pharaohs. They believed that they ruled according to his laws. If they deviated from the laws of the sun god, then the ruler was expected to lose power. But this could only happen after death. Numerous temples were erected in honor of the sun god.

Most often, Ra was depicted as a man, with the head of a solol or a ram. But these are far from all the animals symbolizing Ra, the deity has many different guises.

Amon and the secrets of the gods of Egypt

The majestic and most important deity of Ancient Egypt is the king of the gods and the god of the sun. Initially, he was the patron of the city of Thebes, but with the development and increase in the influence of Thebes, Amon became an increasingly important and revered deity.

In the 16-14 centuries. BC e. Amon merged with the sun god Ra and became the most powerful deity of the entire divine pantheon. Since then, the sun god in Egypt was called Amon-Ra.

Amon-Ra was considered the king of all gods, patron, intercessor and creator. The pharaohs believed that it was Amon-Ra who helped them to fairly and wisely manage the state and win over enemies and enemies.

The pharaohs themselves were also deified, because they were considered the sons of Amon-Ra. Therefore, often the pharaohs bore names that included the name of the deity.

In honor of the king of the gods, the most beautiful temples were erected, the most famous of them were built in Karnak and Luxor. The most majestic temple was erected in Karnak, its area is 260,000 square meters. meters. During the festival of the valley, a statue of Amun-Ra was taken out of it, and the god communicated with the people with the help of priests. Many difficult issues were resolved that day, the decision of Amon-Ra was not questioned.

The animals of Amon-Ra were the goose and the ram, they personified wisdom and tranquility. The god himself was depicted as a man, wearing a crown and holding sceptres. Sometimes the image of God had the appearance of a man with a ram's head. Often the body of Amun-Ra was covered with blue paint, since the value of this paint allowed it to be used only for the most revered gods.

History of Anubis

This god was considered the patron of the dead and was depicted as a jackal or dog, as well as a man with a dog or jackal head. During the Old Kingdom, Anubis (originally) is the god of death in Egypt, but over time he became just one of the gods surrounded by Osiris, who took his place.

Anubis was called the god of embalming, and his duties included embalming the body and turning it into a mummy. It was Anubis who made the first mummy; he wrapped the body of his father, Osiris, in a special cloth soaked in a special solution. All the gods of Egypt had a sacred animal, for Anubis it was a dog.

By laying his hands on the mummy, Anubis turned the deceased into an enlightened one, who was now ready for further life in the afterlife. He escorted the deceased to a special hall, where they judged him and weighed his heart on special scales.

The main city where Anubis was worshiped was the city of Casa. Subsequently, the influence of Anubis spread throughout Egypt.

Origin of Osiris

One of the greatest and most revered gods of Ancient Egypt is the god of the kingdom of the dead. Osiris was depicted as a man, whose body was bandaged like mummies. The god holds scepters in his hands, and his head is crowned with a crown, with feathers on the sides.

There are many hypotheses about the origin of this important ancient Egyptian deity, Egyptologists cannot come to a common opinion.

According to ancient records, the god of death in Egypt - Osiris - is the eldest son of the god Geb and the goddess Nut. The ancient Egyptians considered the birthplace of Osiris the desert located west of Memphis, according to the Egyptians, the underworld originated there. Sometimes Osiris was prescribed a birth in the vicinity of the city of Thebes.

A very beautiful myth exists in ancient Egyptian mythology. According to him, Osiris was an earthly god, that is, a pharaoh, and ruled jointly with his sister and wife Isis. Osiris was revered and respected, and he, in turn, helped and suggested to people how to run a household, grow various crops, and taught to honor the gods.

Death and resurrection of Osiris

Everything would be fine, but brother Seth was jealous of Osiris and decided to get rid of him. Together with the conspirators, he imprisoned Osiris in a sarcophagus and threw him into the water of the sacred Nile. But contrary to expectations, the sarcophagus did not sink, but floated with the flow.

Later, Isis found her husband and brother and wanted to bring him back to life, but the insidious Set prevented this from happening and cut the body of Osiris into pieces and scattered them throughout Egypt. But Isis managed to find all the parts of the body of her husband and brother, connect them and bury Osiris according to customs.

The main city of the cult of Osiris was Abydos, where celebrations were regularly held in honor of the god. Many people gathered at these festivals to honor Osiris. Subsequently, the influence of this god spread throughout the country and beyond.

Gore

He was considered the god of the sky and the sun from the most ancient times, and was depicted in the form of a falcon. Horus means "height" in translation.

Horus was revered and respected in many areas throughout Egypt, and his fame began in pre-dynastic times. God in the form of a falcon was certainly associated with the sun, his journey through the sky took place in a divine boat, or according to another version, the Egyptian god Horus fluttered in the sky on his wings.

The Egyptians always associated Horus with the pharaoh, they believed that the ruler was none other than Horus in human form. So, on the example of the statue of the great pharaoh Khafre, you can see that the falcon covers the head of the ruler with its wings. The influence and importance of Horus was never in doubt, unlike many other Egyptian deities.

The Egyptians combined many different deities in one name of Horus. So, for example, there was Gor Bekhdetsky, who was the son of Ra - the god of the Sun. According to ancient writings, Horus of Bekhdetsky accompanied his father on his journey through the sky on his boat, while Horus struck down the enemies of Ra.

There was also Horus, who is the son of Osiris and Isis. He was at enmity with Set - the brother of Isis, who killed Osiris. There is a myth about the Eye of Horus. Seth tore out the eye of Horus, with which he wanted to resurrect his father, Osiris. But Horus got his eye back and fulfilled his intention. Since then, the "eye of Horus" has been a famous Egyptian symbol, which is very often found in texts, drawings, and amulets. The "Eye of Horus" was worn as an amulet, the Egyptians believed that it had a protective magical power.

Horus was mainly depicted in the form of a great bird - a falcon. Either the image of Horus had the appearance of a man with the head of a falcon. One way or another, the head of Horus was always crowned with a crown - red and white, which was a symbol of the Upper and Lower Nile.

sacred bull

Apis is the god of fertility in Egypt. Apis was presented in the form of a bull, in turn, the Egyptians worshiped not a mythical animal, but a living one. But in order for a bull to receive such a title, it had to be endowed with certain characteristics, such as black spots on the body or a white triangular spot on the forehead. There were 29 characteristics in total, this number is associated with the days of the lunar cycle.

The bull, which met all the characteristics, truly lived like a god - he had servants and priests who carefully watched every movement of the bull and made their predictions. The bull was well fed and even dressed in elegant clothes. Also, the animal had its own harem, in which there were sacred cows. The sacred bull lived at the temple in Memphis.

After the onset of a certain age, namely 25 years, the bull was killed, as it was considered old and could not properly perform the functions of a deity. The bull was drowned in a sacred well, and then buried like a person, and of the highest rank. His body was mummified and placed in a special sarcophagus.

Geb

One of the most important gods of the Egyptian pantheon is Geb. He was the son of the wind god Shu and the goddess of water and humidity Tefnut. Also known as god of fertility in Egypt

Geb decided the fate of the dead in the courtroom of Osiris. He watched how the heart of the deceased was weighed on the scales, and if the heart was not pious, then the soul of the deceased fell into the power of Geb.

But still, this deity is not distinguished by ferocity and anger; Geb was a symbol of fertility among the ancient Egyptians. In this regard, often in the images one could see the body of Geb in green - the color of the earth and plants.

There is a very beautiful myth about this deity. According to him, Geb and his sister and wife Nut loved each other very much and constantly merged in their arms. Ra did not like this very much, and he told the god Shu, his son, about this.

Shu separated Geb and Nut and raised them high above him. Thus, Geb became the sky, and Nut his goddess, and between them there was always air - the god Shu. Geb was very homesick for his beloved, and tears flowed from his eyes, which turned into seas and oceans.

mother goddess

Isis is one of the greatest and most revered goddesses of the ancient Egyptian pantheon. Isis was considered the patroness of motherhood and family, fertility, water, wind, family fidelity, and also the keeper of the dead.

The etymology of the cult of Isis is not yet known, there is a version that she was originally a goddess in the territory of the Delta, and later her influence spread throughout Egypt. Isis, moreover, is one of the most ancient deities.

According to the myth of Isis and Osiris, the goddess is looking for the body parts of her beloved husband, whom Set killed. When Isis finds all the parts of the body, she, not without the help of Anubis and Thoth, mummifies the body of Osiris and resurrects him. But the rebirth occurs only for a while, in which Isis manages to conceive a child from Osiris.

Isis gives birth to a son, Horus, whom she hides. When Horus grew up, he fought Set and won, and Osiris was resurrected.

Isis was associated with the throne of the ruler and was symbolically considered the mother of the pharaoh. There is an assumption that her name means "throne", but this is an unproven fact.

Most often, Isis was depicted as a woman, whose head is crowned with a crown, symbolizing the throne. There are also images of Isis with horns and a disk of the sun between them. Another image is a woman with wings that are pressed to her hands.

In the last period of the history of Ancient Egypt, Isis was depicted as a woman feeding a baby, which meant her son, Horus. The baby was sitting in his mother's arms.

From humans to celestials

Imhotep was a scientist and physician who was deified after his death. Few receive such an honor. And Imhotep was the first who received the status of a deity, while not having family ties with the royal family.

Images of Imhotep and information about his family have not survived to this day, and it is also unknown where the brilliant scientist is buried. It is only known that Imhotep had many important titles during his lifetime.

The god of wisdom - Imhotep - was originally revered in the territory of Memphis, but over time his popularity gained momentum and covered the entire territory of Egypt. By the way, the Gods of Egypt magazine devotes an entire issue to this character.

Main female deity

Bastet was the goddess of beauty, love and holidays. She was a symbol of feminine grace and beauty. The image of the goddess Bastet was depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat's head. An indispensable attribute of Bastet was a sistrum - a musical instrument.

Cats were considered sacred in ancient Egypt. In the fact that they protected houses from rodents, the Egyptians saw the care of the gods. Even the moisture from a cat's nose was considered sacred.

In Bubastis, the first large temple was erected in honor of Bast, it was then that the cult of the goddess began to flourish, and she took an honorable place in the Egyptian pantheon of gods.

In honor of the goddess Bastet in Egypt, very magnificent celebrations and holidays were held. People walked, had fun, sang songs and praised Bastet. She became an international deity.

In every house in Egypt, cats were treated with great honor and respect, and in the event of a fire, for example, cats and other animals were rescued first.

When the death of a cat occurred, the owner had to bury the body with all honors. And he himself was in sorrow and shaved off his eyebrows in honor of mourning. Thousands of mummified cat bodies have been discovered at Bubastis.

Mother of being - Nut

In ancient Egypt, Nut was considered the goddess of the sky. The Egyptians represented her in the form of a naked woman who towered above the ground, leaning on her only with her hands and feet.

Nut's head was turned to the west, and the ancient Egyptians believed that Nut swallowed the setting sun, and gave birth in the morning, and it again illuminated the earth. The same thing happened with the moon and stars.

The Egyptians believed that a person could also be reborn after death in the form of stars in the sky, so the images of the goddess Nut adorned the ceilings of the tombs.

During the period of the Old Kingdom, the ceilings of the graves were decorated with the image of stars, which were a symbol of the sky and Nut. Later, images of the goddess herself were applied to the covers of the sarcophagi from the inside so that she would lift the deceased to heaven.

Nut was portrayed as a woman. Sometimes certain hieroglyphs were written on her head. Also, Nut was often represented as a woman, whose arms and legs rest on all four cardinal points. Her body was covered with stars or wings were added to her appearance, which meant the protection of the goddess and the coolness that she gives to people.

Seth as a synonym for devastation

The god of chaos and destruction, Set, is considered one of the main gods of ancient Egyptian history. He was also considered the master of storms and hurricanes.

Seth was the brother of Isis, Osiris and Nephthys, and he was also the husband of Nephthys. The ancient Egyptians did not consider this something abnormal and vicious. But the marriage of Set and Nephthys was unhappy.

The worship of Set dates back to ancient times, as evidenced by various historical finds - statues, amulets, images, etc. At the same time, his power and influence spread throughout Egypt.

Set became the murderer of Osiris, his brother, as a result of which the son of Osiris, Horus, was at enmity with Set for very long years. They fought for the royal throne.

According to the records, Set and Horus fought in various battles, which ended either in the victory of Set, or in the triumph of Horus. The rest of the gods were tired of this, and they decided to convene a tribunal at which each of the opponents spoke out about his desire to get the throne.

The decision rendered Horus the winner, and he became the ruler of Egypt. Set was supposed to return the eye of Horus, which he pulled out in one of the battles.

As time passed and history changed, Set became more and more cruel and ferocious, and, in the end, began to personify all evil on earth. Set committed many blasphemous crimes, which added even more negative qualities to his person.

The image of Seth is a man with the head of an unusual animal, with long ears and an elongated nose. Set was also depicted as a crocodile, a pig, a dog or a donkey.

The listed gods of Egypt make up the most famous part of them, but there were many more of them. At the same time, new objects for worship were introduced into the pantheon at the request of the pharaoh.

Even the hierarchy in this sacred matter for the Egyptians also depended on the supreme ruler of the state in the Nile Delta. Suffice it to recall the well-known fact of the religious reform of Amenhotep IV, who later became Akhenaten, and who replaced Amon-Ra with Aten. The gods of Egypt, the names of these creatures immediately transfer to a fairy-tale world in which you want to stay longer. This will help the science of Egyptology, which will allow you to find out all the nuances of the divine world of the ancient state of the pharaohs.

And the new idea of ​​the publishing house "Ashet" - the magazine "Secrets of the Gods of Egypt" - will allow you to collect figures of the most famous celestials of this African country.

Any religion or just belief appears when a person cannot explain many life events or natural phenomena that he does not understand. Today, science can interpret, if not everything, then a lot. IN Ancient Egypt for clarification, people turned to the gods through their servants on earth - the priests. The latter stood guard over the power of the kings. But it is not worth condemning the ancient Egyptians for this - their faith was subject to the realities of life.

What did the gods of Ancient Egypt grow out of?

Religion has been inherent in the social life of society since primitive times. Prehistoric people were just beginning to live in communities, but even then the first beliefs arose, called by some scientists proto-religion. It existed in the form of animism (the soul is an impersonal principle), totemism (the mystical connection of man with animals), fetishism (an object becomes a mystical power) or magic (all three of the above).

At different times, these beliefs were also inherent in the peoples of Ancient Egypt. From totemism later came the so-called local deities. They existed for millennia and disappeared with the development of the Egyptian religion - a system of beliefs and rituals.

The very first deities in these Egyptian lands of northeast Africa, in the representation of the Egyptians, looked like birds and animals. They believed in them, because then the main occupation was hunting. When the importance of hunting decreased and they began to intensively engage in agriculture and fishing in the Nile, the heads of some representatives of the fauna that were found there were still “attached” to the human body of the gods.

"Quid prodest" - who benefits from it?

The deities were fruitful for a reason. Who needed the ancient Egyptian pyramids, for the construction of which artisans and farmers, as well as slaves, broke away from their businesses and families for many years? Pharaohs! As evidence of the power of royal power, that is, the structure that dominates class society. The people eked out a miserable existence and worshiped unknown idols.

And this power needed to be constantly maintained not only by brute force, but also “spiritually”. The people were constantly convinced that the power was created by the gods forever. And they need to obey both the pharaohs and the common people. This was done by the priests-loafers. Therefore, the Egyptians silently waited for improvements from the gods - from pharaoh to pharaoh. From kingdom to kingdom.

Ancient pantheon of northeast Africa

Consider what the gods of Ancient Egypt were, their pictures and names, which of them are the main ones, and who are simpler. Their pantheon is very extensive. There were about one hundred and twenty deities. Of these, local (separate cities, relatively small territories), according to various estimates, twenty-five. Some of the local gods in different eras of the development of the ancient Egyptian kingdom passed into the rank of national gods, for example, goddesses Amaunet, Amentet, Maat, god Beh (Buhis). There were also in general the so-called secondary gods. For example, Duamutef is an astral deity.

In the named list there is also such a category of gods and goddesses when there is no image of them or at least a brief description. For example, the god or goddess Anejdti, Bata, Bennu, Mafdet, Nebej and others. They are waiting for their explorers.

There were other transitions of the gods from category to category. Belief in the famous god Amun originated in the Old Kingdom, when the centralization of the ancient Egyptian state took place. In the Middle Kingdom, he turns into a local deity, in the New he becomes a national god (18th century BC). At the beginning of our era, he was demoted in his “position” by the gods, who by that time had become common Egyptian: “husband” and “wife” Osiris and Isis.

Using the example of the god Amon, we will show how not only preferences for deities changed, but also their appearance on stone and in papyri. They are found in the largest quantities on rock paintings, on the sarcophagi of the tombs of many pharaohs and priests. At first, Amon was depicted on them as a man with the head of a frog; in two other kingdoms, the disk of the Sun already flaunted on his head.

How the gods competed

The same natural phenomena were personified by different gods of Ancient Egypt, their pictures and names differed, and what they mean. Consider the example of the sun gods.

The main in the hypostasis of the solar gods (mythologization of the luminary) in ancient Egypt were named Amon, Ra and Aten. Between them, or other deities, there was, as they say now, fierce competition for the minds of the Egyptians. It was developed, of course, by people, not mythological creatures.

The Aton was portrayed in a non-traditional religious way at the time - not as a man with someone's head or an animal with a human head. This was the only ancient artistic exception in depictions of the divine pantheon. Aten is a drawing of the solar disk with rays, as modern kids like to depict it. He flourished during the reign of the pharaoh Akhenaten. The pharaoh in Ancient Egypt was considered the conductor of the idea of ​​God on earth. Therefore, the name of God was added to the names of such kings.

Akhenaten recognized the role of only one god Aten, under him the cult of dozens of famous gods was stopped. When Akhenaten was replaced in his post by the boy-pharaoh Tutankh, he immediately returned polytheism. In protest, Akhenaten added Amon to his name. Now the whole modern world knows this pharaoh named Tutankhamen.

He paid for the fact that the solar disk was also depicted on the falcon head of this deity. God accompanied any ruling dynasty of pharaoh-kings in Thebes.

Displaced from the pantheon by the god Aton.

The solar deity was Atum. He also had a complex "relationship" with the god Ra from the solar pantheon. Atum moved from local gods to common Egyptian ones. But soon (at that time) Ra supplanted him. All the solar gods of Ancient Egypt went the same way. But it was not the gods who competed with each other, but the people in power, as it is said about Akhenaten, and the religious figures (priests) helped the ascent of the gods and their fall.

At this time, the sun god Ra became the main one, whom the ancient Egyptians endowed with the ability to create the earth, people, animals and birds, plants. Does Ra close her eyes? So it's dark and night.

Special gods

Let's name the gods that can be translated into separate groups of the pantheon. For example, the Nile River, which is just right to be called the god of fertility and a well-fed life of the Egyptians. The sun has become a god! The Nile is the nurse and drinker of the Egyptians. If today the question arose of recognizing the Nile as a god, then a prefix would be added to it - “honorable” and would be extolled as a god.

Probably, this opinion would be supported by the believers of another ten countries of the African continent, through which an uncontrolled river flows from south to north.

In ancient Egypt, the Nile flooded the earth with fertile silt. This turned the sands in the valleys closest to the river into fertile fields. But often in July, the Nile flooded and flooded the crops, dooming the people to starvation. Therefore, for the river, the ancient Egyptians invented a god - Hapi to help them. Hapi is depicted as a man with a female bust, which symbolized fertility.

Strengthen it and other gods: Sebek- the god of rivers and lakes, as well as the god of vegetation Osiris. The first was depicted in the guise of a crocodile or a man with the head of this aquatic animal.

But the cruel god demanded abundant and regular sacrifices. The god Hapi failed to tame the Nile until his disappearance from the firmament with the introduction of Christianity.

Sebek - God of rivers and lakes.

Osiris also leads a group of twelve gods in the so-called funerary cult of the ancient Egyptians. Five of them are his companions in the underworld. What is this god? In mythology, he is killed by an envious relative. The goddess Isis, almost like an experienced surgeon, collects Osiris in parts scattered throughout Egypt and buries. In the afterlife, he resurrected and became a judge there. Other gods of the cult include Aker, Amentet, Geb and others.

pharaoh plus god

Over time, the priests formed and spread in society the postulate that the pharaohs are descended from the gods. After all, the mythical deities had the same fictional families, relatives. And it’s not for nothing that they did it in advance. Already in the Early Kingdom, the pharaoh was perceived as the incarnation of the god Horus, and the human image and its properties were transferred to the deities. Remember the Russian folk tale about Baba Yaga. She is as anthropomorphic as the ancient Egyptian gods. The pharaohs allegedly received magical abilities, and the commoner could not approach him.

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