Origin of the surname Linnik. The history of the formation of Viktor Linnik’s business. What information does the surname Linnik store?

The surname Linnik has a rather interesting history of origin and belongs to a common type of Anglo-Scottish surnames.

Individual settlers from the British Isles began to arrive in Russia at the very end of the 16th century. In addition to English merchants, mercenary soldiers from Scotland also came, having fled their homeland for religious or other reasons. Later, mainly in the 19th century, the colony of British immigrants was replenished with specialists in various fields of technology, managers, and merchants from all over Great Britain.

The surname Linnik most likely goes back to the word linn, which translated from English means “waterfall, pond.” Obviously, the ancestor of the owner of this surname lived not far from some body of water.

The meaning of the surname Linnik

There are other, less plausible options for interpreting the etymology of this surname. Perhaps the surname Linnik is based on the verb “to shed” - “to lose hair.” Accordingly, the nickname Linnik could have been given to a person suffering from hair loss.

A connection with the verb “linut” - “to cling, stick” cannot be ruled out. In this case, Linnik could be nicknamed a flattering, helpful person.

It is less likely, but theoretically possible, that this surname Linnik is derived from the name of the fish tench.

What information does the surname Linnik store?

Some researchers believe that the surname Linnik came from the male name Kalinnik by truncation of the first syllable.

According to one theory, the surname Linnik was formed from the truncated word “dlinnik”. It was a whip that was used to punish criminals in Rus'. Hence the term - true truth, that is, under a long whip you can tell everything.

There is a version that the surname Linnik comes from the title “lennik”. In the Grand Duchy of Russia, Lithuania and Samogitia, this was the name given to a landless or small nobleman who received from his overlord a plot of land as fief, that is, lifelong ownership, often together with the peasants living on it. In the reports and censuses of those times there are entries like: “village Ivanovka, Lennik - Babak, souls - so many.”

On the lands of the Russian Principality, where they spoke a language not much different from modern Ukrainian, the word “lennik” was pronounced “lennyk”, which is very difficult to pronounce and dissonant. Over time, “lennyk” turned into “linnyka”, and in Great Russian pronunciation, respectively, into “linnik”.

This interpretation also explains the origin of double surnames, one of which is Linnik. Most likely, these are the descendants of the “lenniks”, moreover, who lived on the right bank of Ukraine or in the south of Belarus, that is, on those lands that in the 13-15th centuries. constituted the Russian Principality. Entries in documents such as “Lennik-Vyushko” eventually migrated to passports, not without the efforts of their bearers, who wanted to preserve the memory of their high-born origin, although by the end of the 19th century the overwhelming majority of “Lennik-Linniks” were peasants or bourgeois.

The meaning of the surname Linnik

According to one theory, the surname Linnik comes from the name of an ancient instrument of torture used in Rus'. “Linnik” is a wooden block (or a wooden product) to which a guilty person was tied and dragged along the ground with the help of a horse. Thus, the person seemed to “molt.”

The Linnik brothers are the leaders of the Miratorg company, which today consistently ranks at the top of the ratings of Russian meat production and processing enterprises. The formation of the holding took place in difficult conditions of political and economic reforms in the post-Soviet space. The business acumen and unique talent of strategists that distinguish Linnikov, their ability to turn economic difficulties into competitive advantages, have turned an ordinary business into an extraordinary enterprise on a national scale.

 

• FULL NAME:
• Date of Birth: November 28, 1967
• Education:"Moscow University of Geodesy and Cartography"
• Date of start of business activity/age: 1995/28 years
• Type of activity at start: Miratorg company
• Current activity: Miratorg company
• Current state:$750 million according to Forbes for 2017

Linnik brothers

The names of the twins Victor and Alexander Linnikov are widely known in connection with their brainchild - the large Russian agro-industrial holding Miratorg. In the ranking of “Russia’s 200 Richest Businessmen 2017,” compiled by Forbes, the brothers took 137th and 136th places, respectively. Each person's fortune is estimated at $750 million. The story about any of the brothers is the story of their joint professional activities and the development of the family business.

Figure 1. Alexander Linnik.
Source: Forbes official website

Information on the company's official website indicates that the brothers have conditionally divided their areas of responsibility: one works on the company's strategy, and the second tactically implements its goals. Victor Linnik holds the post of President of the holding. He is in charge of issues of strategic development and planning of enterprises, development of new areas of activity, interaction with government agencies and public organizations. Alexander performs the role of Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company and monitors the implementation of business plans, supervises the interaction of divisions and management of the risk management system.

Victor more often gives interviews to the media, in which he notes that, despite the division of powers, he and his brother are fully aware of the company’s affairs and can easily replace each other if necessary. One of the components of the success of a joint business lies in the upbringing of their father, who taught them to go through life together. People close to the brothers note that they, like real twins, have always been together since childhood - in school, at work and in business. They are similar in temperament and equally passionate about work. The brothers are close to each other and understand each other very well. Disagreements are rare, and the Linniks always manage to agree and find a compromise, not allowing disputes to go far. According to Viktor Vyacheslavovich, working with his brother gives him a feeling of a reliable, “always covered” rear.

At the dawn of the nineties

In public information sources, the brief biography of entrepreneurs includes only the date of birth and a mention of the educational institution they graduated from: Viktor Linnik and his brother were born in Moscow on November 28, 1967, have higher education and qualifications as engineers. Their alma mater is an educational institution with a rich history, the Moscow University of Geodesy and Cartography.

After serving in the armed forces, the brothers got jobs at the country's largest scientific center in the field of modern energy and thermal physics - the Institute of High Temperatures of the Academy of Sciences, but were engaged in unenviable work - they worked as loaders. The time of political reforms brought economic difficulties to the country and became the only period in the Linniks’ work history when they served as hired servants. Low wages and natural ambitions forced them to look for another source of income.

After preliminary preparation, which consisted of improving the English language and increasing knowledge of the history of the state and the capital, Linniki, in collaboration with a third participant, began excursion activities and selling souvenirs. Foreign tourists, who came to the capital in abundance, brought in 60-100 dollars a day, which was many times more than the earnings provided by working in a scientific institution. The brothers initially considered the “tourism business” as a stage in the formation of the initial capital necessary to launch a more serious project. Communication with visitors was mutually useful: in addition to decent income, the brothers received a unique source of information about running a business, which essentially did not exist in the country. Having saved enough money, the Linniks carried out their first food import operation, the subject of which was a machine of powdered milk, purchased for subsequent resale in Holland for about 25 thousand dollars.

From this time begins the success story of the enterprise, which Victor Linnik and his brother turned into a unique example of a successful manufacturing business. The Miratorg company was founded in 1995 and over the next three years became one of the five largest importers of pork, beef and poultry meat.

Reliable partners

The Russian market was attractive to foreign manufacturers, who easily provided commodity loans to domestic entrepreneurs. The list of importing firms rapidly expanded until the sharp collapse of the ruble exchange rate in the summer of 1998.

In the context of the emerging economic crisis, Miratorg, like others, found itself in a difficult situation: frozen meat received for sale, priced according to the contract in dollars, suddenly became more expensive for importers and began to cost four times more in ruble equivalent. But, unlike its competitors, the company successfully passed the test: Linnik agreed with suppliers on a deferred payment and fully repaid the debt within 2-3 years, which earned the respect of the other party and the reputation of reliable partners.

A significant step in the fate of the owners of Miratorg was the decision to develop cooperation with Brazilian meat producers. In particular, in 1999, a contract was signed with the Sadia corporation, the main supplier of McDonald's, and then with Minerva Foods, the dominant manufacturer in South America.

In 2003, the state, in order to regulate imports, introduced quotas on the import of various types of meat. The size of quotas for exporters was established taking into account the share in the total imported volume. Brazilian meat was not as widely represented on the country's market as compared to American chickens, so the restrictions introduced not only did not reduce the scope of the company's activities, but also allowed it to increase turnover by importing pork and beef from the United States. By increasing import volumes, the company sacrificed part of its potential income for the sake of preserving its reputation. Fast sales forced Miratorg to reduce the selling price, but ensured the fulfillment of long-term contracts on time. Probably the reason for this behavior was the difficulties that the brothers had to overcome in the last years of the 20th century, which became a “school of life” for aspiring Russian businessmen.

Meat import remains a significant area of ​​Miratorg’s business. According to Viktor Alekseevich Linnik, the company supplies the country's largest meat processing plants with raw materials.

From import to production

Another consequence of changes in legislation restricting food imports was the brothers’ decision to create and develop their own production of meat and semi-finished meat products. One of the reasons that prompted the development of a new line of activity was the position of the state, which did not approve of the active import of food, which provides jobs in exporting countries, but does not contribute to the systematic development of the domestic economy. Today, in the context of sanctions and the need for import substitution, it is impossible to overestimate the scale of this decision made almost 15 years ago.

Viktor Linnik claims that the authorities’ recommendations were in tune with the brothers’ internal beliefs, who wanted to be different from others and considered the creation of added value more worthy than the usual resale of imported food. The state has moved on to specific actions to attract investors to agricultural production and support domestic producers of meat products through subsidies.

Figure 2. Cowboy competitions at the Russian Rodeo festival.
Source: “Komsomolskaya Pravda”

Miratorg today

Currently, the Miratorg holding is the country's largest employer in the agricultural sector of the economy, whose enterprises employ over 26 thousand people. The geography of the company includes Bryansk, Kursk, Smolensk, Oryol and Kaluga regions. Miratorg provides a full production cycle and operates in the following areas:

• crop production;
• feed production;
• poultry farming;
• pig farming;
• beef production;
• meat processing and production of semi-finished and ready-made meals;
• logistics and distribution;
• retail.

Figure 3. Company logo.
Source: official website of ABH Miratorg

According to the annual report for 2016, the organizational structure of the holding and the provision of a full production cycle guarantee business stability in the face of changes in raw material markets, price fluctuations, the ability to optimize the cost of manufactured products and minimize risks. The owners consider the competitive advantage of enterprises to be the independent formation of production assets - the construction of high-tech enterprises that accumulate the best achievements of the world experience of meat producers. In terms of efficiency, Miratorg is not inferior to the world's leading manufacturers and is significantly ahead of domestic competitors. The company actively uses benchmarking and controls product quality.

The life and work of a war veteran, one of the most outstanding modern mathematicians, Academician Yuri Vladimirovich Linnik was closely connected with Leningrad University.

Yu. V. Linnik was born on January 8, 1915 in the city of Belaya Tserkov, Ukrainian SSR. His father, Vladimir Pavlovich Linnik, was a famous optical physicist and later an academician. In 1932, Yu. V. Linnik entered the physics department of Leningrad University. After the first three courses of the Faculty of Physics, he transferred to the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, graduated from it in 1938 and was enrolled in graduate school. While still a student, Yu. V. Linnik began scientific work in the field of number theory and obtained significant results in the arithmetic of quadratic forms.

In 1939, Yu. V. Linnik was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army, where he served as a platoon commander until demobilization in 1940. In 1940, after defending his dissertation “Representation of large numbers by ternary quadratic forms “He was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The doctorate was awarded by Yuri Vladimirovich at the age of 25! In 1940, the work of Yu. V. Linnik began at the Leningrad branch of the Mathematical Institute. V. A. Steklova of the USSR Academy of Sciences (LOMI), which then continued throughout his life.

In July 1941, Yu. V. Linnik volunteered for the People’s Militia and took part in the battles on the Pulkovo Heights. In the fall of 1941, sick with dystrophy, Yuri Vladimirovich was demobilized and evacuated to Kazan, where the Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences was then located. From 1944 until his death in 1972, Yu. V. Linnik worked as a professor at Leningrad State University. In 1944 he was awarded the Leningrad University Prize for outstanding work on the analytical theory of numbers, and in 1947 - the State Prize. In the same year, the first publications of Yu. V. Lirnik on probability theory appeared; in 1948, on the initiative of Yuri Vladimirovich, the Department of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics of Leningrad State University was founded.

In the field of probability theory and mathematical statistics, Yu. V. Linnik has outstanding scientific results. He conducted research on limit theorems for sums of independent random variables and for Markov chains, developed new methods for proving limit theorems for the probabilities of large deviations of sums of independent random variables when the Cramer condition is violated, and obtained solutions to a number of characterization problems in mathematical statistics .

Yu. V. Linnik founded a scientific school in the field of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Almost all Leningrad specialists dealing with this issue are either students of Yuri Vladimirovich or students of his students. Many students of Yu. V. Linnik, in turn, were the creators of famous mathematical schools. Among them are academicians of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences I.P. Kubilius and V.A. Statulyavichus, academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences A. Renyi. Yu. V. Linnik devoted a lot of time and attention to his students, generously sharing ideas with them.

Yu. V. Linnik had a great influence on the development of scientific research in probability theory and mathematical statistics in Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, and India, having many years of fruitful scientific contacts with specialists from these countries. In addition to these countries, he gave lectures and made presentations in the USA, Sweden, Austria, Poland, Finland, England, France, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and Australia. The scientific work of Yu. V. Linnik has received wide international recognition; his books have been translated into several languages. Yuri Vladimirovich was a full member of the International Statistical Institute, a foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, and an honorary doctor of the University of Paris. In 1953, Yu. V. Linnik was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1964 - an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1970, he was awarded the Lenin Prize and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Yu. V. Linnik devoted a lot of energy to fulfilling his civic and public duties. From the founding of the Leningrad Mathematical Society in 1959 until 1965, Yuri Vladimirovich was its president. For a number of years, Yu. V. Linnik was a deputy of the Leningrad City Council. As a member of the editorial board of several mathematical conferences, Yu. V. Linnik paid great attention to editorial and publishing activities. In addition to 242 scientific publications, Yuri Vladimirovich published a number of popular articles; he was an editor and translator of many monographs.

With the extraordinary intensity of scientific creativity, Yu. V. Linnik combined a great breadth of interests, striking with his versatile erudition. He read a lot, was keenly interested in poetry, memoirs, and military history, spoke seven languages, and wrote poetry in several languages. The main work of Yu. V. Linnik’s life was mathematics.

Barabanov V.F. They fought for the Motherland: University students during the war and post-war years. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Publishing House, 1992. pp. 64-65.

Surname.

Is of Ukrainian or Belarusian origin. In some cases, the bearers of such surnames were Jews living in the territory of Ukraine or Belarus. There is an assumption that the surname Linnik comes from “lennik”. This is how in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia they called a landless nobleman (vassal), who received from a magnate (suzerain) a small estate in fief, (lifelong) possession, as payment for his service. .

Known media

• Linnik, Alexey Vasilievich(born 1920) - Soviet military leader, lieutenant general, head of KVIRTU air defense from 1974 to 1979.
• Linnik, Viktor Alekseevich(born 1944) - Soviet journalist, Russian publicist and publisher.
• Linnik, Vladimir Pavlovich(1889-1984) - Soviet optician, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939).
• Linnik, Irina Yurievna(born 1959) - paleontologist, granddaughter of academician Vladimir Linnik.
• Linnik, Leonid Andreevich(1927-2012) - Ukrainian ophthalmologist.
• Linnik, Mikhail Vasilievich(1910-1944) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik, Mikhail Nikiforovich(1916-?) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik, Pavel Dmitrievich(1916-1944) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Linnik Svetlana Vladimirovna(born 1965) - wife of Dmitry Medvedev.
• Linnik, Yuri Vladimirovich(1914/15-1972) - Soviet mathematician.
• Linnik, Yuri Vladimirovich(born 1944) - Russian writer and cosmist philosopher.

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__DISAMBIG__

Excerpt characterizing Linnik

A rumor instantly spread throughout St. Petersburg, not that Helen wanted to divorce her husband (if this rumor had spread, many would have rebelled against such an illegal intention), but a rumor directly spread that the unfortunate, interesting Helen was at a loss about which of the two should she marry? The question was no longer to what extent this was possible, but only which party was more profitable and how the court would look at it. There were indeed some stubborn people who did not know how to rise to the heights of the question and saw in this plan a desecration of the sacrament of marriage; but there were few of them, and they were silent, the majority were interested in questions about the happiness that befell Helen, and which choice was better. They didn’t talk about whether it was good or bad to marry a living husband, because this question, obviously, had already been decided for people smarter than you and me (as they said) and to doubt the correctness of the solution to the question meant risking showing one’s stupidity and inability live in the light.
Only Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, who came to St. Petersburg this summer to visit one of her sons, allowed herself to directly express her opinion, which was contrary to the public opinion. Having met Helen at the ball, Marya Dmitrievna stopped her in the middle of the hall and, amid general silence, said to her in her rough voice:
“You started getting married here from your living husband.” Perhaps you think that you invented this new thing? You've been warned, mother. It was invented a long time ago. In all......they do it this way. - And with these words, Marya Dmitrievna, with the usual menacing gesture, rolling up her wide sleeves and looking sternly, walked through the room.
Marya Dmitrievna, although they were afraid of her, was looked at in St. Petersburg as a cracker and therefore, of the words spoken by her, they noticed only a rude word and repeated it in a whisper to each other, assuming that this word contained all the salt of what was said.