Are we living inside a black hole? Life inside a black hole We're inside a black hole

Abstract on the topic:

"Black Holes of the Universe"

Vladivostok

2000
Content:

Black holes of the universe _____________________________3

Hypotheses and paradoxes______________________________6

Conclusion _______________________________________ 14

List of references _________________15

Black holes of the universe

This phenomenon seemed to contain so much inexplicable, almost mystical, that even Albert Einstein, whose theories, in fact, gave rise to the idea of ​​black holes, himself simply did not believe in their existence. Today, astrophysicists are increasingly convinced that black holes are a reality.

Mathematical calculations show that there are invisible giants. Four years ago, a team of American and Japanese astronomers aimed their telescope at the constellation Canes Venatici, at the spiral nebula M106 located there. This galaxy is 20 million light years away from us, but it can be seen even with an amateur telescope. Many believed that it is the same as thousands of other galaxies. Upon careful study, it turned out that the M106 nebula has one rare feature - in its central part there is a natural quantum generator - a maser. These are gas clouds in which molecules, due to external "pumping", emit radio waves in the microwave region. The maser helps to accurately determine your location and the speed of the cloud, and, as a result, other celestial bodies.

Japanese astronomer Makoto Mionis and his colleagues during observations of the M106 nebula discovered the strange behavior of its space maser. It turned out that the clouds revolve around some center, 0.5 light years away from them. Astronomers were especially intrigued by the peculiarity of this rotation: the peripheral layers of clouds moved at four million kilometers per hour! This suggests that a giant mass is concentrated in the center. According to calculations, it is equal to 36 million solar masses.

M106 is not the only galaxy where a black hole is suspected. In the Andromeda Nebula, most likely, there is also about the same mass - 37 million Suns. It is assumed that in the galaxy M87 - an extremely intense source of radio emission - a black hole has been discovered, in which 2 billion solar masses are concentrated! Rice. 1 Galaxy M87

Only the messenger of radio waves can be a black hole, not yet completely closed by the "capsule" of curved space. Soviet physicist Yakov Zel'dovich and his American colleague Edwin Salpeter reported on the model they had developed. The model showed that the black hole attracts gas from the surrounding space, and at first it collects in a disk near it. From the collisions of particles, the gas heats up, loses energy, speed, and begins to spiral towards the black hole. A gas heated to several million degrees forms a funnel-shaped vortex. Its particles rush at a speed of 100 thousand kilometers per second. In the end, the vortex of gas reaches the "event horizon" and disappears forever into the black hole.

The maser in the galaxy M106, which was discussed at the very beginning, is located in a gaseous disk. Black holes that appear in the Universe, judging by what American and Japanese astronomers observed in the spiral nebula M106, have an incomparably greater mass than those of which Oppenheimer's theory speaks. He considered the case of the collapse of one star, the mass of which is not more than three solar. And how such giants are formed, which astronomers are already observing, there is no explanation yet.

Recent computer models have shown that a gas cloud at the center of a nascent galaxy could give rise to a massive black hole. But another way of development is also possible: the accumulation of gas first breaks up into many smaller clouds, which will give life to a large number of stars. However, in both cases, part of the cosmic gas under the influence of its own gravity will eventually end its evolution in the form of a black hole.

According to this hypothesis, there is a black hole in almost every galaxy, including ours, somewhere in the center of the Milky Way.

Observations of the so-called binary star systems, when only one star is visible through a telescope, give reason to believe that the invisible partner is a black hole. The stars of this pair are located so close to one another that the invisible mass "sucks out" the substance of the visible star and absorbs it. In some cases, it is possible to determine the time of revolution of a star around its invisible partner and the distance to the invisible one, which makes it possible to calculate the mass hidden from observation.

The first candidate for such a model is a pair discovered in the early 70s. It is located in the constellation Cygnus (indicated by the Cygnus XI index) and emits X-rays. A hot blue star and, in all likelihood, a black hole with a mass equal to 16 solar masses rotate here. The other pair (V404) has an invisible mass of 12 Rice. 2 Cygnus XI solar. Another suspect pair is an X-ray source (LMCX3) of nine solar masses located in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

All these cases are well explained in John Michell's discussion of "dark stars". In 1783, he wrote: "If luminous bodies revolve around an invisible something, then we should be able to infer from the motion of this rotating body with a certain probability the existence of this central body."

Hypotheses and paradoxes

General relativity is known to have predicted that mass curves space. And already four years after the publication of Einstein's work, this effect was discovered by astronomers. During a total solar eclipse, when observing with a telescope, astronomers saw stars that were actually obscured by the edge of the black lunar disk that covered the Sun. Under the influence of solar gravity, the images of stars have shifted. (Here, the accuracy of the measurement is also striking, because they have shifted less than one thousandth of a degree!)

Astronomers now know for sure that under the influence of the “gravity lens”, which is represented by heavy stars and, above all, black holes, the real positions of many celestial bodies actually differ from those that we see from the Earth. Distant galaxies may appear to us as shapeless and in the form of a "capsule". This means: gravity is so strong and space is so twisted that light travels in a circle. You can truly see what's going on around the corner.

Let's imagine the absolutely incredible: a certain brave astronaut decided to send his ship to a black hole in order to learn its secrets. What will he see in this fantastic journey?

As you get closer to the target, the clock on the spacecraft will be more and more behind - this follows from the theory of relativity. On approaching the target, our traveler will find himself, as it were, in a pipe, a ring surrounding the black hole, but it will seem to him that he is flying along a completely straight tunnel, and not at all in a circle. But an even more amazing phenomenon awaits the astronaut: having fallen behind the “event horizon” and moving along the tube, he will see his back, his head ...

The general theory of relativity says that the concepts "outside" and "inside" have no objective meaning, they are relative in the same way as indications of "left" or "right", "up" or "down". All this paradoxical confusion with directions is very badly in line with our everyday assessments.

As soon as the ship crosses the border of the black hole, people on Earth will no longer be able to see anything from what will happen there. And the clock will stop on the ship, all colors will be mixed towards red: light will lose some of its energy in the fight against gravity. All items will take on strange distorted shapes. And finally, even if this black hole were only twice as heavy as our Sun, the attraction would be so strong that both the ship and its hypothetical captain would be pulled into a string and soon torn apart. Matter trapped inside a black hole will not be able to resist the forces pulling it towards the center. Probably, the matter will decay and pass into a singular state. According to some ideas, this decayed matter will become part of some other universe - black holes connect our space with other worlds.

Like all bodies in nature, stars do not remain unchanged, they are born, evolve, and finally "die". To trace the life path of stars and understand how they age, it is necessary to know how they arise. In the past, this seemed like a big mystery; modern astronomers can already describe with great certainty in detail the paths leading to the appearance of bright stars in our night sky.

Not so long ago, astronomers believed that it took millions of years for a star to form from interstellar gas and dust. But in recent years, striking photographs have been taken of a region of the sky that is part of the Great Nebula of Orion, where a small cluster of stars has appeared over the course of several years. On Fig.3 Great Nebula Orion photographs from 1947. in this place, a group of three star-like objects was visible. By 1954 some of them became oblong, and by 1959. these oblong formations broke up into individual stars - for the first time in the history of mankind, people observed the birth of stars literally before our eyes, this unprecedented event showed astronomers that stars can be born in a short interval of time, and the previously seemed strange reasoning that stars usually arise in groups, or star clusters turned out to be true.

I know that this is supposedly not welcome here, but I am doing a cross-post from here at the direct request of the author, Nikolai Nikolayevich Gorkavy. There is some chance that their idea will revolutionize modern science. And it is better to read about it in the original than in the retelling of ren-tv or tape.ru.

For those who haven't followed the thread. Consider two black holes rotating around each other, let's say, with masses of 15 and 20 units (the masses of the Sun). Sooner or later they will merge into one black hole, but its mass will not be 35 units, but, say, only 30. The remaining 5 will fly away in the form of gravitational waves. It is this energy that the LIGO gravitational telescope captures.

The essence of the idea of ​​Gorkavy and Vasilkov is as follows. Let's say you are an observer, sitting in your chair and feeling the attraction of 35 units of mass divided by the square of the distance. And then bam - literally in a second their mass decreases to 30 units. For you, due to the principle of relativity, it will be indistinguishable from the situation when you were thrown in the opposite direction with a force of 5 units, divided by the square of the distance. That is, indistinguishable from antigravity.

UPD: because not everyone understood the previous paragraph, consider a thought experiment by analogy proposed in. So, you are an observer, sitting in a tank, which is rotating in a very high circular orbit around the center of mass of this pair of black holes. As grandfather Einstein used to say, without looking out of the tank, you can’t tell the difference between orbiting and just hanging in place somewhere in intergalactic space. Now, suppose a black hole merged, and part of their mass flew away. In this regard, you will have to move to a higher orbit around the same center of mass, but already a merged black hole. And you will feel this transition to another orbit in your tank (thanks ofmetal) external observers at infinity will regard it as a kick that pushed you away from the center of mass. /UPD

Further there is a bunch of calculations with terrible relativity tensors. These calculations, after careful verification, are published in two articles in MNRAS, one of the most respected journals on astrophysics in the world. Links to articles:, (preprint with author's introduction).

And the conclusions there are as follows: there was no Big Bang, but there was (and is) a Big Black Hole. Which haunts us all.

After the release of two main articles with mathematical solutions, the task of writing a more popular and broader article, as well as promoting a revived space cosmology, was on the agenda. And then it turned out that, surprisingly, the Europeans managed to react to the second article, who had already invited me to make a 25-minute plenary report in June on the acceleration of the Universe with a variable mass. I see this as a good sign: experts are tired of the “cosmological darkness” and are looking for an alternative.

Also, journalist Ruslan Safin sent questions in connection with the release of the second article. A somewhat abbreviated version of the answers was published today in Yuzhnouralskaya Panorama under the editorial heading “Inside a Black Hole. Astronomer Nikolai Gorkavy found the center of the universe.

First, for the sake of truth, I must note that it was Alexander Vasilkov who began to actively ask the “naive” question: Does the Universe have a center? - which initiated all our further cosmological work. So we searched and found this center together. Secondly, the newspaper asked for our joint photo, but did not wait, so I bring it here along with the full text of the interview Sasha read and supplemented according to his comments. Here we are: Alexander Pavlovich Vasilkov on the left, and I on the right:

1. After the publication of your first article with Vasilkov, you suggested that the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe is associated with the predominance of repulsive forces over attractive forces at large distances. In the new article, you come to a different conclusion - about the relative accelerated expansion: it seems to us that something is accelerating, because we ourselves are slowing down. What led you to this thought?

In a 2016 article published in the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Alexander Vasilkov and I showed that if the gravitational mass of an object changes, then in addition to the usual Newtonian acceleration, an additional force arises around it. It falls in inverse proportion to the distance from the object, that is, more slowly than the Newtonian force, which depends on the square of the distance. Therefore, the new force should dominate over long distances. With a decrease in the mass of an object, a new force gave repulsion or antigravity, with an increase - there was an additional attraction, hypergravity. It was a rigorous mathematical result that modified the well-known Schwarzschild solution and was obtained within the framework of Einstein's theory of gravity. The conclusion is applicable to a mass of any size and is made for a stationary observer.

But when discussing these results, we verbally expressed additional hypotheses - rather, hopes that the found antigravity is responsible both for the expansion of the Universe and for accelerating its expansion in the eyes of accompanying observers, that is, you and me. While working on the second article, which was published in February of this year in the same journal, and was already directly devoted to cosmology, we found that reality is more difficult than our hopes. Yes, the found antigravity is responsible for the Big Bang and the obvious expansion of the Universe - here we were right in our assumptions. But the subtle acceleration of cosmological expansion detected by observers in 1998 turned out to be related not to antigravity, but to hypergravity from our 2016 paper. The resulting rigorous mathematical solution unambiguously indicates that this acceleration will have an observable sign only when some part of the mass of the Universe is growing, not decreasing. In our qualitative reasoning, we did not take into account that the dynamics of the cosmological expansion looks very different from the point of view of a stationary observer and for accompanying observers sitting in expanding galaxies.

Mathematics, which is smarter than us, leads to the following picture of the evolution of the Universe: due to the merger of black holes and the transition of their mass into gravitational waves, the mass of the collapsing Universe of the last cycle has sharply decreased - and strong antigravity has arisen, which caused the Big Bang, that is, the modern expansion of the Universe. This anti-gravity then decreased and was replaced by hypergravity due to the growth of a huge black hole that arose at the center of the universe. It increases due to the absorption of background gravitational waves, which play an important role in the dynamics of space. It was this growth of the Big Black Hole that caused the stretching of the observable part of the Universe around us. This effect has been interpreted by observers as an expansion acceleration, but in fact it is an uneven deceleration of the expansion. After all, if in a column of cars the rear car lags behind the front car, then this can mean both the acceleration of the first car and the braking of the rear car. From a mathematical point of view, the influence of the growing Big Black Hole causes the appearance in the Friedman equations of the so-called "cosmological constant", which is responsible for the observed acceleration of the recession of galaxies. The calculations of quantum theorists differed from observations by 120 orders of magnitude, but we calculated it within the framework of the classical theory of gravity - and it coincided well with the data of the Planck satellite. And the conclusion that the mass of the Universe is now growing provides an excellent opportunity to build a cyclic model of the Universe, which was dreamed of by several generations of cosmologists, but it did not come into hand. The Universe is a huge pendulum in which black holes turn into gravitational waves, and then the reverse process takes place. Here, Einstein's conclusion that gravitational waves have no gravitational mass plays a key role, which allows the Universe to change its mass and avoid irreversible collapse.

2. How did the growing Big Black Hole, which is responsible for the relative accelerated expansion of the Universe, appear?

The nature of dark matter, which, for example, caused the accelerated rotation of galaxies, has been a mystery for almost a century. The latest results from the LIGO observatory, which caught several gravitational waves from merging massive black holes, have lifted the veil of mystery. A number of researchers have put forward a model according to which dark matter consists of black holes, while many believe that they came to us from the last cycle of the Universe. Indeed, a black hole is the only macroscopic object that cannot be destroyed even by the compression of the Universe. If black holes make up the bulk of the baryonic mass of the cosmos, then when the universe shrinks to a size of a few light years, these black holes will actively merge with each other, dropping a significant proportion of their mass into gravitational waves. As a result, the total mass of the Universe will drop sharply, and at the place where the cloud of small holes merges, there will remain a huge black hole with a size of the order of a light year and with a mass of trillions of solar masses. It is an indispensable result of the collapse of the Universe and the merger of black holes, and after the Big Bang it begins to grow, absorbing gravitational radiation and any matter around. Many authors, including Penrose, understood that such a superhole would appear at the stage of the collapse of the Universe, but no one knew how important this Big Black Hole plays in the dynamics of the subsequent expansion of the Universe.

3. How far from us and where exactly (in what part of the sky) is it located? What are its parameters?

We believe that at a distance of about fifty billion light years. A whole series of independent studies speaks of the anisotropy of various cosmological phenomena - and many of them point to a region of the sky near the dim constellation Sextants. In cosmology, the term "devil's axis" even appeared. According to the current value of the accelerated expansion of the Universe, one can estimate the size of the Big Black Hole at a billion light years, which gives its mass at 6 * 10^54 grams or billions of trillions of solar masses - that is, it has grown a billion times since its inception! But we also received this information about the mass of the Big Black Hole with a delay of billions of years. In reality, the Big Black Hole is already much larger, but how much is difficult to say, more research is needed.

4. Is it possible to see, with the help of existing instruments, if not the LBH itself, then at least indirect signs indicating its presence in this part of the Universe from such a distance at which this LBH is located? Under what conditions will it become available for direct study?

Having studied the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe, and how it depends on time, we will determine the evolution of the parameters of the Big Black Hole. The anisotropy of cosmological effects manifests itself in the distribution of CMB fluctuations over the sky, in the orientation of the axes of galaxies, and in a number of other phenomena. These are also ways of studying the Big Black Hole from a distance. We will also study it directly, but later.

5. What would we see if we could fly to this BCH? Is it possible to dive into it without risk to life? What will we find beneath its surface?

As for the interior of black holes, even in textbooks there is a lot of conflicting information. Many people think that at the edge of black holes we will certainly be torn apart by tidal forces into small ribbons - even the word “spaghettification” has arisen. In fact, the tidal forces at the edge of a very large black hole are completely invisible, and according to rigorous solutions of Einstein's equations, the process of crossing the boundary of a black hole is unremarkable for a falling observer. I believe that under the surface of the Great Black Hole, we will see almost the same Universe - those galaxies that dived into it earlier. The main difference will be the change in the receding of galaxies to their convergence: all researchers agree that everything inside a black hole falls towards the center.

6. If this black hole grows, then one day it will suck all the rest of the matter into itself. What will happen then?

The boundary of the Big Black Hole will go to the boundary of the observable Universe, and its fate will cease to excite us. And the Universe inside the hole will enter the second phase of its cycle - when the expansion is replaced by contraction. There is nothing tragic in this, because the contraction will take about the same many billions of years that it took for the expansion. Intelligent beings of this cycle of the Universe will feel problems in tens of billions of years, when the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation will rise so much that the planets will overheat due to the warm night sky. Maybe for some aliens, whose sun will go out, it will, on the contrary, be a salvation, albeit temporary - for a hundred million years. When the current universe shrinks to a few light-years, it will shed its mass again, causing the Big Bang. A new cycle of expansion will begin, and a fresh Big Black Hole will appear in the center of the Universe.

7. When do you think this event (the collapse of the Universe into a BCH) should happen? Is this time interval the same for all expansion/compression cycles, or can it change?

I think that cosmological cycles follow a certain period with good accuracy, related to the total mass and energy of the Universe. It is difficult to say at what exact stage of our cycle we are - for this we need to build specific cosmological models with a given number of baryons, black holes, gravitational waves and other types of radiation. When will the edge of the growing Big Black Hole overtake us? Calculations show that it will certainly enter the superluminal expansion regime - this does not violate the theory of relativity, because the boundary of a black hole is not a material object. But this superluminal speed means that our encounter with this boundary of the Big Black Hole can happen at any moment - we will not be able to detect its approach from some observations that are limited by the speed of light. To avoid panic, I repeat: I don’t see anything tragic in this, but cosmologists will begin to notice how the redshift of distant galaxies will change to blue. But for this, the light from them must have time to reach us.

8. What observational and theoretical data speak in favor of the cosmological model proposed by you, or perhaps even make it mandatory?

The classical Friedmann equations are based on the principle of isotropy and homogeneity. Thus, conventional cosmology, in principle, could not consider the anisotropy effects that many observers talk about. The modified Friedman equations obtained in Vasilkov and I's 2018 paper include anisotropic effects because the Big Black Hole is in a certain direction. This opens up possibilities for studying these effects, which will also confirm the theory itself. We are not building a new cosmology, we are simply inserting the missing dynamical springs into the well-developed classical cosmology that emerged in the mid-20th century, starting with the work of Gamow and his group. We are resurrecting this classical cosmology by making it part of ordinary physics. Now it does not contain any assumptions about quantum gravity, about extra spatial dimensions and about dark entities like "inflation", "vacuum phase transitions", "dark energy" and "dark matter". It works only within the framework of Einstein's classical and well-tested theory of gravity, using only known components of the cosmos like black holes and gravitational waves. Since it explains the observed phenomena well, this makes it absolutely mandatory - according to the principles of science. There are many cosmological models, but the reality is one. The revived classical cosmology is strikingly elegant and simple, which is why I believe we have learned the true way the universe exists.

ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/NASA/ESA/F. COMBES

Let's try to turn back the clock. Before life began, before the Earth, before the birth of the Sun and the formation of galaxies, before the light began to pour, happened. And that was 13.8 billion years ago.

But what before? Many physicists argue that there is no "before" at all. They believe that time itself began at the moment of the Big Bang, and everything that happened before that does not fit in the scientific field. According to this view, we will never be able to comprehend what reality was before the Big Bang, what components it was formed from, and why it happened, giving rise to our universe.

But there are scientists who are alien to conventions, and they do not agree. These people are building intricate theories that in the fleeting moment before the Big Bang, all the energy and mass of the nascent universe shrank into an unrealistically dense, but quite limited grain. You can call it "The Seed of a New Reality."

These eccentric physicists believe that the Seed was unimaginably tiny, probably trillions of times smaller than any elementary particle that can be observed by man. And yet, it was this grain that became the impetus for the emergence of everything else: other particles, galaxies, our solar system and people. If you really want to call anything a particle of God, then this Seed is the best candidate for such a name.

And how then did this Seed arise? The idea, put forward by Nikodim Poplavsky of the University of New Haven, is that the Seed of our reality originated in the black hole's primordial furnace.

Reproduction of the multiverse

Before we dig deeper, it's worth understanding that in recent years, many interested in this issue have come to the conclusion that our universe is far from the only one. It may be just a tiny part of the vast multiverse, one of the balls of light in the true night skies.

No one knows how these universes are connected to each other, and whether there is such a connection at all. Although the controversy that arises on this subject is speculative and unprovable, there is still one interesting idea that says that the Seed of each universe is very similar to the seed of a plant. A small piece of precious matter, compactly compressed and hidden under a protective shell.

This very accurately explains the events occurring inside the Black Hole. All Black Holes are the remains of giant stars that have run out of fuel and their cores have collapsed. When the forces of gravity compress everything with breathtaking and ever-increasing power. Then the temperature rises to 100 billion degrees, the atoms fall apart, and the electrons are torn to pieces. And then this porridge shrinks even more.

Now the star is a Black Hole. And this means that the force of its attraction is so enormous that not even a ray of light can escape from it. The boundary between the outer and inner parts of a Black Hole is called the event horizon. At the center of almost every galaxy, including our Milky Way, if you look closely, you can find massive Black Holes that are millions of times larger than our Sun.

Bottomless questions

Using Einstein's theory to determine what is happening at the bottom of a Black Hole, we will certainly run into the concept of singularity, according to which, there is an infinitely dense and infinitely small point. And this contradicts nature itself, in which infinities do not seem to exist ... The problem lies in the very formulas of Einstein, which are ideal for calculations regarding most of space-time, but do not work at all on the quantum scale of the incredible forces that rule the birth of universes and live inside black holes.

Theoretical physicists such as Dr. Poplavsky argue that the matter in a Black Hole comes to the point where it is no longer possible to squeeze it. This tiny Seed weighs like a billion stars, but unlike the singularity, it is still quite real.

Poplavsky believes that the contraction stops, because Black Holes are spinning very fast, possibly reaching the speed of light in this rotation. And this small and heavy Seed, having an unrealistic axial torsion, compressed and twisted, can be compared to the spring of a devil from a snuffbox. All of a sudden this Seed can sprout and do it with a mighty pop. Such cases are called the Big Bang, or, as Poplavsky prefers to put it, the Big Rebound.

In other words, it may turn out that the Black Hole is a tunnel between two universes, with one end. Which in turn means that if you fall into a Black Hole, you will immediately find yourself in another universe (more precisely, what will remain of you). That other universe has nothing to do with ours; a hole is only a connecting link, like a common root from which two trees grow.

So what about all of us, inside our home universe? We may be children of another, more ancient, great-universe. A seed forged inside the mother universe's Black Hole could have performed a Big Rebound 13.8 billion years ago, and while our universe has continued to expand rapidly since then, we may still exist beyond that Black Hole's event horizon. .

An absolutely incredible hypothesis has been proposed by American scientists that our entire vast Universe is located inside a giant Black hole. Surprisingly, such a model is able to explain many of the mysteries of the Universe.

American physicist from Indiana University Nikodem Poplavsky is the founder of a rather unusual theory of the structure of our universe. According to this theory, our entire Universe is located inside a giant Black Hole, which in turn is located in a super-great-Universe.

This seemingly unusual hypothesis can explain many inconsistencies that exist in the modern theory of the Universe. Poplavsky presented his theory a year ago, and now he has refined it and significantly expanded it.

Black hole - the entrance to the space-time tunnel

In the model of construction of the Universe developed by the American physicist, the assumption is taken as a postulate that Black holes
are the entrances to the Einstein-Rosen wormholes, that is, the spatial tunnels that connect different parts of the four-dimensional space-time.

In this model, the Black Hole is connected by a tunnel to its own antipode, the White Hole, which is at the other end of the time tunnel. It is inside the wormhole with such a structure of the Universe that a constant expansion of space is observed.

Now Poplavsky concluded that our Universe is the interior of this tunnel connecting the Black and White holes. Such a model of the universe explains most of the unsolvable problems of modern cosmology: dark matter, dark energy, quantum effects in the analysis of gravity on a cosmic scale.

To build his model, the author of the theory used a special mathematical apparatus - the theory of torsion. In it, space-time appears as a single beam, which twists under the influence of the gravitational curvature of space-time. These curvatures can be detected even by our very globally imperfect means of observation.

What is the real world like?

Therefore, in our surrounding world, everyone sees only what is available to his senses, for example, a bug that crawls on a balloon, feels it flat and endless. Therefore, it is very difficult to detect the twisting of flexible space-time, especially if you are inside this dimension.

Of course, such a model of the structure of the Universe suggests that each Black Hole in our Universe is a gate to another Universe. But it is not at all clear how many “layers”, as Poplavsky calls them, exist in the great-great-N times-great-great-Universe, in which our Black Hole with our Universe is located.

Incredible hypothesis is confirmed

Is it really possible to confirm such an incredible hypothesis with something? Nikodem Poplavsky believes that this is possible. After all, in our universe, all black holes and stars rotate. By logical reasoning, it should be exactly the same in the super-great-Universe. This means that the rotation parameters of our Universe must be the same as those of the Black Hole in which it is located.

In this case, part of the spiral galaxies should twist to the left, and the other spatially opposite part should twist to the right. And indeed, according to modern observational data, most of the spiral galaxies are twisted to the left - "left-handed", and the other, opposite part of the observable Universe, the opposite is true - most of the spiral galaxies are twisted to the right.

Physicists suggest that our universe exists inside a black hole November 21st, 2014

As we discussed. And now it turns out that a theory has appeared, according to which it is stated that our Universe exists inside a black hole

This strange theory, which physicists have been working on for decades, may shed light on many questions that the famous Big Bang theory cannot answer.

According to the Big Bang theory, before the Universe began to expand, it was in a singular state - that is, an infinitely high concentration of matter was contained in an infinitely small point in space. This theory allows us to explain, for example, why the incredibly dense matter of the early Universe began to expand in space at a tremendous speed and formed celestial bodies, galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
But at the same time, it leaves a large number of important questions unanswered. What triggered the Big Bang itself?

What is the source of the mysterious dark matter?

The theory that our universe is inside a black hole can provide answers to these and many other questions. And besides, it combines the principles of two central theories of modern physics: the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.

General relativity describes the universe on the largest scale and explains how the gravitational fields of massive objects like the sun warp time-space. And quantum mechanics describes the Universe on the smallest scale - at the level of an atom. For example, it takes into account such an important characteristic of particles as spin (rotation).

The idea is that the particle's spin interacts with cosmic time and gives it a property called "torsion". To understand what a torsion is, imagine cosmic time as a flexible rod. Bending the rod will symbolize the curvature of cosmic time, and twisting - the torsion of space-time.
If the rod is very thin, you can bend it, but it will be very difficult to see if it is twisted or not. The torsion of space-time can only be seen in extreme conditions - in the early stages of the existence of the Universe, or in black holes, where it will manifest itself as a repulsive force opposite to the gravitational force of attraction emanating from the curvature of space-time.

As follows from the general theory of relativity, very massive objects end their existence by falling into black holes - regions of space from which nothing, not even light, can escape.

At the very beginning of the existence of the Universe, the gravitational attraction caused by the curvature of space will exceed the repulsive force of the torsion, due to which matter will be compressed. But then the torsion will become stronger and begin to prevent the compression of matter to an infinite density. And since energy has the ability to turn into mass, the extremely high level of gravitational energy in this state will lead to intense particle production, which will cause the mass inside the black hole to increase.

Thus, the twisting mechanism suggests the development of a striking scenario: each black hole should give rise to a new universe within itself.

If this theory is correct, then the matter that makes up our universe is also brought in from somewhere outside. Then our
The universe must also be formed inside a black hole that exists in another universe, which is our "parent".

In this case, the movement of matter always occurs only in one direction, which ensures the direction of time, which we perceive as forward movement. The arrow of time in our Universe is thus also inherited from the "parent" Universe.

Here we talked about, and here we examined and learned about The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -