How to make something electrical with your own hands. Amateur radio circuits. To assemble a toy, you will need to stock up

Many people consider themselves far from physics people. But even with minimal knowledge (even acquired at school is enough), you can do something interesting and, most importantly, special. We are talking about do-it-yourself electronic homemade products. Their assembly schemes, as a rule, are not complicated. We will consider a few simple options for beginner electronics engineers in this article.

Cat's house

Electronic homemade products are a flight of fancy, combined with knowledge of electronics. So, for example, you can make an excellent house for a cat from an old computer monitor. To do this, you just need to disassemble it. When the bottom and walls of the monitor are separated from the boards, kinescope and all other parts, they just need to be twisted back. To make the animal more comfortable, you need to make a litter inside.

Music Box

Electronic homemade products very often serve as an object that gives joy to their owners. A striking example of this is the music box. And it doesn't just play music. It has full storage space.

For work you will need:

the box itself;
music module with a transistor;
speaker (suitable from a phone or player);
switch (possible from a wall telephone);
compartment for AAA batteries (for example, from children's toys or a flashlight).

The first step is to solder the 8050 transistor to the music module (the circuit is shown in the figure above). Next, the conductors are soldered to connect the power supply and the speaker. When applying power, it is important to observe the polarity. The speaker and board are attached with glue. The resulting design should fit in the lid of the box.

After that, the switch is installed. A loop is made from the lace and thrown over the stem. It is necessary for management. The second end of the lace is glued to the inside of the box. Its length is chosen in such a way that the music module works exactly at the moment the lid is fully opened.

The electronic module is hidden by a cut out piece of cardboard or cloth.

Electronic fishing rod

Electronic homemade schemes offer fishermen to make an electronic fishing rod. It operates on a "finger" battery. You can cast it to a depth of 5 meters. The operating time is up to 12 hours.

Electronic homemade products of this kind work on a multivibrator circuit. A piece of the board 2x6 cm is enough, on which all the elements of the circuit will be attached. The relay is selected with a resistance of up to 2.4 ohms.

home tattoo machine

Schemes of electronic homemade products in this case provide for the presence of an electric motor with a power of 12-18 watts. As a rule, all such motors have a gear on the shaft. It is necessary to glue a medium-sized button with 4 holes to it (they should remain free).

Next, choose the right pen. It will be the body of the entire product and guide the needle. A mechanical pencil works well. To connect it to the motor, a bracket is made in the shape of the letter "G". It can be made from the handle of a spoon (fork).

The needle is cut off from the guitar string. Its length should be slightly longer than that of the pencil tube. It should be from the center of the motor to the tip of the tube. The needle must be boiled for 10 minutes.

We connect the handle and the bracket with electrical tape. The long side of the brace runs along the handle. Bend the staple at the same level as the top end of the pencil. There shouldn't be any wobbles. A motor with a button is attached to the smaller side of the bracket. We pass the pen through the pencil to the motor and insert it into the hole of the button. Homemade electronic homemade products at the last stage are connected to a power source.

Stationary lamp

To illuminate the workspace at the table, homemade electronic products offer many options. One of them involves the use of a fluorescent lamp and a metal profile, which is used to fasten drywall sheets.

The profile has the shape of the letter "P" in the context. Thanks to this, it will serve not only as a holder, but also to direct (reflect) light from top to bottom.

The profile must be bent. To do this, two sides are cut. After the fold, the edges are connected with self-tapping screws to give rigidity. The lamp has a switch. For him, we make a hole in the profile. Next, the lamp is attached to the base. Strengthen the strength of the profile will help its rectangular version. For fastening to the table, we fasten a metal corner to one edge of the profile.

We do for our loved ones

When you love, you always want to please your “soul mate”. And this desire intensifies on the eve of Valentine's Day. The problem of finding a gift will help solve electronic homemade products. With your own hands, you can prepare a wonderful and amazing gift. For example - LED Valentine.

It is assembled from ready-made elements included in a special set. It can be ordered from the online store. The kit includes the following parts: transistors (3 pcs.), resistors (6 pcs.), LEDs (18 pcs.), electrolytic capacitor (3 pcs.), printed circuit board.

It is easy to assemble the product. To do this, you only need a soldering iron with a small power, which other do-it-yourself electronic homemade products are also going to. Assembly diagrams are included in the kit. They are guided during work. In this case, several points must be observed:

When installing capacitors, the polarity of the electrodes must be taken into account. The required electrode is marked on the body of the part.

Resistors during installation must correspond to the specified ratings. They are marked on the body with a color code.

Next, the LEDs are installed.

For mounting transistors there is a key in the form of a form on the case.

When working, it is important to solder parts quickly, avoiding overheating. The board will be powered by a 3 V battery. There are two wires from the board to the battery compartment, which, by the way, is suitable for any electronic toy. The battery compartment is attached to the bottom of the board with glue. This will allow you to install the board in a vertical position.

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with the opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.

It's good if your lab has an oscilloscope. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not worry. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tonal signals of various frequencies). ) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values of the voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make it easy to set up, even if you have an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating the input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitude

Repair of various units and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be greatly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transients and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses. form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.

When setting up digital devices, one more device is definitely needed - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home

However, the creation of a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not an easy and rather painstaking task, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the frequency of oscillations. Usually it is connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback (POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - a single-transistor amplifier and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency are enough. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind the coil, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited in peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used to maintain a low level of the generated signal when distortion is still invisible. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.

Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow him to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field, or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments help to do this - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur.

Therefore, some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices are needed. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits for audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.

A simple amateur radio home-made prefix is considered that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available

For those who are just starting to take their first steps in electronics, it is important to start somewhere. Well, here are some ideas that might come in handy in the future and give you an idea of how things should be done at the same time. What to choose if you want to make simple ones with your own hands? Here are options that can be used in everyday life.

Simple power control for smooth turning on of lamps

This type of device is widely used. The simplest is a conventional diode that is connected in series with the load. Such regulation can be used to extend the life of the incandescent lamp, as well as to prevent overheating of the soldering iron. They can also be used to change power over a wide range of values. First, there will be the simplest do-it-yourself electronic homemade products. You can see the diagrams here.

How to protect yourself from mains voltage fluctuations

This device disconnects the load if the mains voltage is out of range. As a rule, a deviation of up to 10% from the standard is considered within the normal range. But due to the peculiarities of the energy supply system in our country, such frameworks are not always respected. So, the voltage can be 1.5 times higher, or much lower than necessary. The result is often unpleasant - the equipment fails. Therefore, there is a need for a device that will turn off the load before something has time to burn out. But when creating such a homemade product, you must be careful, since the work will be carried out with considerable stress.

How to make a safety transformer

Transformerless power supplies are often used in various electronic designs. Typically, such devices have low power, and to avoid electrical shock, they are placed in an insulating plastic case. But sometimes they need to be configured, and then the protection is opened. To avoid possible injury, a safety isolation transformer is used. It will also be useful in the repair of such devices. Structurally, they consist of two identical windings, each of which is designed for the network. As a rule, the power of transformers of this type ranges from 60-100 W, these are the optimal parameters for setting up various electronics.

Simple emergency light source

What to do if it is necessary that in the event of a power outage, the illumination of some area is maintained? The answer to such challenges can be an emergency luminaire, made on the basis of a standard energy-saving lamp, the power of which does not exceed 11 watts. So if it is necessary that the light be somewhere in the corridor, utility room or workplace, this homemade product will come in handy. Usually, when voltage is present, they operate directly from the network. When it disappears, the lamp starts to function on battery power. When the mains voltage is restored, the lamp will work and the battery will automatically charge. The best do-it-yourself electronic homemade products were left at the end of the article.

Soldering iron boost controller

In cases where it is necessary to solder massive parts or the mains voltage often drops, the use of a soldering iron becomes problematic. And a step-up power regulator can help out of this situation. In these cases, the load (i.e. soldering iron) is powered by a rectified mains voltage. The change is carried out using an electrolytic capacitor, the capacity of which allows you to get a voltage of more than 1.41 network. So, with a standard voltage value of 220 V, it will give 310 V. And if there is a drop, say, to 160 V, it turns out that 160 * 1.41 \u003d 225.6 V, which will allow you to operate optimally. But this is just an example. You have the opportunity to make a scheme suitable specifically for your conditions.

The simplest twilight switch (photo relay)

As new parts are created, fewer and fewer components are now needed to make some kind of device. So, for a conventional twilight switch, only 3 of them are needed. Moreover, due to the versatility of the design, multi-purpose use is also possible: in an apartment building; to illuminate the porch or courtyard of a private dwelling, or even a separate room. Pointing to the features of such a design as a twilight switch, they also call it a “photo relay”. You can find many implementation schemes that were made either by amateurs or industrialists. They have their own set of positive and negative properties. As negative properties, either the need for a constant voltage source, or the complexity of the circuit itself is usually called. Also, when buying cheap and simple parts or whole sets, they often complain that they simply burn. The functionality of the scheme is based on three components:

Photocell. It is usually understood as photoresistors, phototransistors and photodiodes.
Comparator.
Triac, or relay.

When there is daylight, the resistance of the photocell is small, and does not exceed the response threshold. But as soon as it gets dark, the construction will be turned on at the same moment.

Conclusion

Here are some interesting do-it-yourself electronic homemade products you can do. The main thing in cases where something does not work out is to keep trying, and then everything will work out. And as you gain experience, you can move on to more complex schemes.

Since you have decided to become a self-taught electrician, then for sure after a short period of time you will want to make some useful electrical appliance for your home, car or cottage with your own hands. At the same time, homemade products can be useful not only in everyday life, but also made for sale, for example,. In fact, the process of assembling simple devices at home is not difficult. You just need to be able to read diagrams and use a tool for radio amateurs.

As for the first point, before you start making electronic homemade products with your own hands, you need to learn how to read wiring diagrams. In this case, ours will be a good helper.

Of the tools for beginner electricians, you will need a soldering iron, a set of screwdrivers, pliers and a multimeter. To assemble some popular electrical appliances, you may even need a welding machine, but this is a rare case. By the way, in this section of the site we even talked about the same welding machine.

Special attention should be paid to improvised materials, from which every novice electrician will be able to make elementary electronic homemade products with his own hands. Most often, in the manufacture of simple and useful electrical appliances, old domestic parts are used: transformers, amplifiers, wires, etc. In most cases, it is enough for beginner radio amateurs and electricians to look for all the necessary tools in a garage or a barn in the country.

When everything is ready - the tools are assembled, spare parts are found and minimal knowledge is obtained, you can proceed to the assembly of amateur electronic homemade products at home. This is where our little guide will help you. Each instruction provided includes not only a detailed description of each of the stages of creating electrical appliances, but is also accompanied by photo examples, diagrams, as well as video tutorials that clearly show the entire manufacturing process. If you do not understand some point, you can clarify it under the entry in the comments. Our experts will try to advise you in a timely manner!

Making electronic homemade products with your own hands gained popularity in the last century, when semiconductor devices appeared. With their help, it was quite easy to assemble the devices necessary for everyday life from old equipment. Today, the repair and collection of equipment for a home or a summer residence, for a car or a garage can also be solved at home.

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Homemade devices for home and garden

Electric homemade products for home and summer cottages, using the power of electricity, can be done by every electrician. Most fixtures are built from factory components and require only school knowledge of electricity.

Electric barbecue

The electric grill can be either horizontal or vertical. Stores usually sell vertical ones, and they do their job perfectly after some refinement.

To create a horizontal barbecue, you will need a heating element and a frame resembling a brazier. You can make a heating element from a ceramic tube and a nichrome spiral wound around it. The tube is fixed through an insulating material in a metal housing. Drawings are required to assemble the case.

Barbecue grill

An equally interesting idea is a barbecue grill with an electric drive for rotating skewers. By adding an electric motor to a regular brazier, you can get an excellent device that will cook barbecue offline. To organize a skewer drive, you can use a motor from the wipers, from a washing machine or any other 12 volt motor. With the help of a system of pulleys and a belt or gear drive, the rotation of the shaft is transmitted to the skewers, and the meat slowly turns over the coals.

Homemade WI-FI antenna

Such an antenna will improve the reception quality and speed of Wi-Fi in your home. According to reviews, after connecting it, the signal level rises from 5 to 27 Mbps.

For manufacturing you need:

a small metal sieve or colander;
Wi-Fi adapter (USB);
USB cable;
drill;
epoxy resin;
camera tripod;
plastic clamps.

Manufacturing process:

We drill a small hole (14 mm) in the center of the sieve and insert a metal pin into it to fix the adapter.
We insert the connector from the USB cable into the prepared hole and fix it with epoxy. The USB connector after gluing must be strictly perpendicular to the plane of the sieve, then the device works more efficiently.
Then, with the help of two ties, “ears” are made through which the cable is attached.
We fix the product on a camera tripod. We drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm in the antenna and clamp it with a nut.

Necessary materials Insert the pin into the drilled hole Attaching the USB cable We fix the cable Tripod Mounting the antenna with a tripod

Electric homemade for the garage

Consider several projects of useful homemade products for the garage.

homemade chandelier

If you have low lighting in the garage, then an impromptu chandelier will be very useful. To make a bifurcated cartridge, you will need a pair of angle cartridges, which are sold in a regular hardware store.

Sequencing:

We remove the wires from the cartridges and fasten them with a plastic tie. We get a cartridge for two lamps. It remains to connect them to the electrical network.
To do this, we use the base of a fluorescent lamp. We carefully break out the lamp, then solder the wires from our design to the contacts of the base.
We isolate them well and attach the base on top of the cartridges.

The use of conventional light bulbs in such a design is undesirable - the cartridges can fuse from heating.

LED device

Another lighting option can be a homemade LED lighting device.

For its manufacture you will need:

old fluorescent lamp;
LED Strip Light;
connecting wires.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

An LED strip is glued onto the lamp body in one or several rows.
The connecting wires are connected and brought to the lamp switch.
The assembled device is tested.

Spot welding machine

The necessary device in the garage will be a home-made spot welding machine, the basis of which is a transformer from an old microwave oven. A necessary condition is that the transformer must be working in order not to rewind all the windings.

The assembly process of the welder is quite simple:

The transformer is dismantled.
Carefully remove the secondary winding.
Two shunts are removed.
From a thick wire (with a diameter of at least 10 mm), a secondary winding of two or three turns is made.
From a copper bar with a diameter larger than the wires, electrodes for contact welding are made.

Homemade spot welding tool

Useful DIY things for fishing

Among homemade products, you can find many interesting ideas for use in field conditions, as well as hunting and fishing.

Electronic signaling device

An example is an electronic signaling device for fishing with a conventional fishing rod or other tackle. A simple bite device can be assembled in just half an hour. For it, you will need an old tweeter keychain and a strip of plastic 1-2 mm thick.

Assembly of the signaling device:

The keychain is attached to the rod.
A strip of plastic is glued to the fishing line and inserted between the contacts of the key fob.

Now, when biting, the fish will pull the line, the plastic will fly out, the contacts will close and the key fob will work.

Underwater camera for ice fishing

With the help of a homemade underwater camera for ice fishing, you can see if there are fish under the hole. This makes the fishing process easier.

For manufacturing you will need:

small chamber;
sealed box for the camera;
small TV;
car battery to power the camera;
extension;
inverter;
lead for cargo;
ultraviolet diodes for illumination at underwater shootings;
superglue, electrical tape, sealant.

Assembly process:

Two holes are made at the top of the box. An extension cable is inserted through one. Through the second - the wire with which the camera is connected to the TV.
In the box, several more holes are made into which light bulbs are inserted for illumination. The wires from the light bulbs are soldered into one circuit (for example, with a parallel arrangement), which is connected to a cable that provides power.
Holes are sealed with glue and electrical tape for tight sealing.
Lead is melted and small elongated bars are poured out of it. They are placed at the bottom of the box.
Set up the camera, connect to the cable. After that, it is carefully placed in the box so that it has a clear direction forward and horizontally and transmits a high-quality image. For stability, the camera is surrounded by a soft material.
A torso (rope, belt) is attached to the box, with which the camera will be lowered to a depth. For convenience, you can combine it, the power cable and the cable for connecting the video camera to the TV into one core, fastening it with electrical tape.
Connect the camcorder's power cable to the battery and test the unit.

Homemade fish bait

You can make a good bait for catching fish yourself. This will be a device assembled on the basis of a simple multivibrator.

You will need:

a sound emitter, for example, from a children's toy;
wires;
a small plastic jar, for example, from under medicinal tablets;
electronic board;
regulator with plastic rod;
a piece of foam;
batteries;
float weights;
volume control.

The assembly of the bait is carried out as follows:

You need to solder the circuit and check it.
Two wires are soldered to the sound emitter. Then they are held inside the case and connected to the board.
A regulator with a plastic rod is placed in the lid of the jar.
A dense circle cut out of foam is installed on top of the board, which separates the board from the battery.
Weights are fixed at the bottom of the jar so that the container is kept on the water like a float.
The regulator sets the frequency and changes the sound.

Lure scheme - 1 Lure scheme - 2

Electronic homemade products for a car

Motorists create homemade products with their own hands to improve the appearance and ease of use of the car.

Electric autoprobe

For a car, a simple homemade electrical probe is perfect. It can show the presence of a voltage of 12 volts in an electrical circuit. With it, the health of the relay, as well as light bulbs and other equipment, is checked. You can make such a device from a syringe and LEDs.

Assembly diagram:

Two LEDs are soldered with opposite terminals (plus one to minus the other and vice versa).
A steel probe is attached to one of the solder joints through a resistance of 300 ohms. To the other soldering is a contact for batteries.
The design is inserted into the syringe so that the probe comes out of the needle hole. Most of the probe is insulated with a PVC tube.
4 LR44 batteries are inserted into the syringe so that one of the poles is connected to the LED contact.
A contact is made to the other pole of the batteries from a flexible wire with an alligator clip.

The video shows how to make a syringe tester. Filmed by ILYANOV channel.

Light switch

It is quite simple to manufacture a circuit for smoothly turning off the light in the car. Such electronics is suitable for any car. Parallel to the terminals of the cabin lamp, a small board is soldered, consisting of a capacitor and diodes. The drop in electricity voltage will occur gradually and will create the effect of a smoothly fading light.

car subwoofer

To make a car subwoofer with your own hands, you must first purchase a speaker. Its dimensions must be taken into account when calculating the size of the case.

The simplest and most successful form of a subwoofer for the trunk is a truncated pyramid with a slope like that of the rear seats.

LED fog lights

With your own hands, you can make car fog lights on LEDs.

For creativity you will need:

two ten-watt LEDs;
2 lenses from an old projector;
gaskets from plastic pipes;
LM317T chips;
resistors.

Instructions for assembling crafts:

LEDs are installed on pre-prepared aluminum radiators.
A structure is assembled from headlight housings, lenses from projectors, gaskets and diodes on radiators.
Fog lights are powered through current stabilizers on LM317T microcircuits and resistors.

Car carrier

A very convenient car carrying is obtained from a computer USB lamp. It is compact and you can connect the device to any place in the vehicle wiring.

Manufacturing scheme:

We remove the contacts from the USB plug.
In the plug housing, we connect the wires of the lamp and car crocodile clips.
For fastening in the right place (even horizontally), a magnet is placed on the plug.