Growing seedlings of peppers without picking. Growing tomato seedlings without picking. Advantages and disadvantages of growing without a pick

Peppers are grown from seedlings, which are either bought from the market or grown by ourselves. This is a serious and lengthy process, including the picking stage, which can adversely affect the health of the seedlings. But growing pepper seedlings at home without picking is an interesting approach that interests many gardeners.

A little about pepper

Mexico, Guatemala and the southern regions of America are considered the birthplace of pepper. Pepper is the oldest cultivated crop. Despite its thermophilicity, it has reliably taken root in our climatic conditions and pleases everyone with good harvests. This is a self-pollinating perennial plant that delights gardeners with its multi-seeded fruits of various sizes and different colors. The variety of fruit colors is simply amazing. It can be red, yellow, orange, burgundy, brown fruits, as well as their shades.

Despite the fact that this is a perennial plant, in our conditions, pepper is grown as an annual crop.

The growth period of pepper is not invested in our climatic conditions, therefore, it is grown through seedlings. This vegetable plant prefers well-lit places and elevated temperatures. Conditions when the ambient temperature is within +18°С-+25°С are optimal for pepper. When the temperature conditions drop to +15°C, the pepper stops growing and blooming, which negatively affects the ripening time. If the summer is not sunny, but damp and cool, then the content of nutrients in it is reduced. And, nevertheless, seedlings can easily withstand low temperatures (+5 ° C), and an adult plant can survive frosts down to -2 ° C.

The fruits of pepper are a real pantry of various substances useful to humans. One fruit contains a daily dose of vitamin P, not to mention vitamin C, which is so abundant in pepper that it is called the champion in the content of this vitamin. Moreover, most of this vitamin is found in the fruits of late harvest. Pepper ketchup contains 16 times more vitamin C than tomato ketchup. Dried sweet pepper powder contains both vitamin C and vitamin P. In addition, it also contains carotene. The use of dried pepper helps to get rid of many ailments associated with metabolism, as well as with the work of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.

Agrotechnics of growing pepper

The technique of growing peppers is practically the same as the technique of growing tomatoes. Starting from the end of February, sweet pepper seeds are planted to obtain seedlings. At the same time, everyone tries to grow pepper seedlings at home, so as not to spend extra money on its purchase.

Landing dates

If you take the middle lane, then it is better to plant the seeds in mid-March. During this period, there is already enough light. Usually, shoots are planted in the ground, the age of which reaches 60-65 days. By the time of disembarkation, the probability of frost should be minimized. Therefore, it is not difficult to calculate. Usually, pepper seedlings are planted in mid-May. If 65 days are subtracted from this date, then the middle of March is obtained. If the seedlings are overstayed, that is, they will be more than 65 days old, then there may be problems associated with transplantation. Seedlings take longer to take root, may drop flower buds, etc. Therefore, one should not count on the timely ripening of fruits.

Seed preparation

As a rule, before sowing, the seeds are prepared. To do this, they are kept in a solution of potassium permanganate or a growth stimulator. In a pinch, they can be soaked in warm water to encourage germination. Alternatively, they can be wrapped in a wet cloth and left for a few days. Seeing that the seeds went into growth, they are immediately sown in the ground.

Landing

Almost everyone who grows peppers is faced with such a problem as a pick. For pepper, it is undesirable, because it can delay the development of culture by 1 or even 2 weeks. Unfortunately, this is a lot, given the moment the seedlings are planted in the ground, when the pepper starts to hurt again, this is very significant. Not many people know that there is such an option as growing seedlings of peppers without a pick. At the same time, it should be noted that the result is healthy pepper seedlings grown at home without picking.

For this, a special substrate is prepared, based on peat soil, which can be purchased at the store. This light substrate is diluted with garden soil, in a ratio of 1:1. The prepared soil is poured into plastic cups or containers left after sour cream or yogurt. Alternatively, it is possible to use plastic bags from mayonnaise or sour cream, folding them in half and filling them with soil. It is preferable to use them, because there are a lot of them, and they fit compactly in a box. Each sachet produces 2 cups, absolutely acceptable shape. In each bag, cut off the bottom corner for drainage. The earth in a glass is washed with warm water with potassium permanganate, after which they begin sowing pepper for seedlings without picking.

To do this, 1-2 grains of sweet pepper are placed in each cup and sprinkled with soil, with a layer thickness of not more than 1 cm. After that, the box is covered with plastic wrap and moved to a warm place, with a temperature and moved to a warm place, with temperature + 25 ° С - + 27 ° С, where the seeds will begin to germinate.

Care

The growth process should be monitored daily for moisture. If necessary, the soil is moistened. If everything is done correctly, then after a few days you can observe young sprouts. As soon as this happens, the box is immediately transferred to a warm, but well-lit place. When the seedlings grow a little, you can begin to slightly open the film for ventilation. When the young shoots become stronger, the film can be removed altogether.

It is necessary to water the seedlings only with warm, settled water. Watering should be optimal, as pepper painfully endures both overflow and lack of moisture. Every 10 days, seedlings are fertilized with a solution of mineral fertilizers. During the daytime, the ambient temperature should be within +23°С, and at night - +16°С-+18°С.

In the process of seedling growth, the root system begins to develop in it and at a certain stage it will no longer fit into these cups. Therefore, the cups are pulled out of the box and carefully unfolded in order to fill up a sufficient amount of earth inside. Here, at this stage, the advantage of using plastic bags is manifested. If these are dense cups, then it is very difficult to do such an operation. If you take cups with a large volume, as they say "in reserve", then at the initial stage, acidification of excess soil is possible, which is not involved in the growth of seedlings.

How to grow pepper without a pick, so that it takes a minimum of money, depends on the imagination of an amateur gardener. As a rule, technology allows the use of various, unnecessary things. At the same time, this approach has tangible advantages that positively affect the growth of seedlings. This technology does not allow the plant to experience the stresses associated with its transplantation, especially picking. This method allows you to get strong seedlings with a developed root system.

A few little secrets

Peppers are planted at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other or in rows, with a distance of 60 cm between rows and 25 cm between peppers. Such a relatively close planting gives good results.
Pepper is afraid of a long drought, because its roots are close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, constant monitoring of soil moisture is required.
Well, the main thing is care, which involves weeding and loosening the soil.

Surprisingly, but pepper cultivation using this technology creates seedlings strong, stocky, with a strong root system and with buds that appear just in time, just in time for the date of planting the seedlings in the ground. What is this technology based on? On the knowledge about the root system of plants, which the botany teacher gave to all of us in the fifth grade. Here, read about the roots "". There is a mistake in the first picture. Can you figure out which one?

Growing pepper with a pick. Seedling troubles and problems of the gardener.

All textbooks, all encyclopedias for gardeners talk about the usefulness of tomatoes. This is not true: the roots of sweet and hot peppers are very tender, they are very sensitive to the most insignificant, seemingly neat actions of the gardener, picking is always stressful for them.

And the man ... and the pepper ...

It can be compared to a person who fell and broke his leg. It seems to be alive, it doesn’t seem to hurt anymore, because the limb was cast in plaster, but you can only walk on crutches. This is the situation in which a pepper seedling turns out to be when picking.

Pepper seedlings will take root, grow, but the root system will grow defective, unable to supply the plant with the necessary nutrients. The gardener will have to do this work for the plant.

Don't want to do someone else's work? Then grow without a pick.

Growing pepper without a pick: when to sow.

We do not interfere with pepper to live ...

Picking stops the growth of pepper seedlings for two weeks. A good option when the gardener will transplant the pepper only once. Then not much time will be lost, but for pepper, as a crop that grows very slowly, even these two weeks are a real failure, which will then affect the yield in the ground.

Calculation of sowing dates.

We calculate the timing of sowing in a different way, we do not add to the number of days those fourteen that we voluntarily take away from the seedlings. So for me, who lives in Altai and plants pepper in the ground in early June, the sowing time for seeds is mid-March, but not mid-February or early March. Although exceptions are possible for purchased very heavily dried seeds.

Then all the work goes according to the standard protocol: soaking, aging in potassium permanganate or a growth stimulator, which I do not welcome, and placing the seeds in a bowl, one or two seeds in each bowl or cell of the cassette.

Growing peppers in a large bowl.

Utility container reusable.

We can recommend plastic bags for milk or kefir or other similar containers that can be transformed. That is, having rolled up like a shirt sleeve, pour soil on the bottom, spread the seeds, cover them on top with a new portion of soil, water and wait for seedlings.

It is important to put impromptu soft glasses in drawers or boxes tightly from the very beginning, because they cannot stand on their own. The box is covered with foil, put in a warm place, that is, they do everything as described in the article "". The soil should always be moist, seedlings need to be fed every 10 days.

When the seedlings grow up, when two true leaves appear, and the third real one begins to peck, the roll is slightly raised, the soil is added and this is done several times. Growing seedlings, in which the root system develops and requires additional nutrition and a larger volume of soil, all this is easily obtained, the plants are not injured.

It is undesirable to use large plastic glasses, in them the soil lump will not be mastered by the roots for a long time and the soil can turn sour if you pour a lot of soil at once. If everything is done consistently, that is, adding soil as the plant develops, then this method is more acceptable, because the glasses can stand on their own, without props and the support of neighbors.

Is everything good.

A seemingly very successful roll-up container has its drawbacks. When seedlings are transferred to the ground, the soil ball usually falls apart. After all, it does not have a clear geometric volume, it is just a shapeless mass, and the roots are injured, which is bad for the plant.

It is easier to sow in cassettes, and then transfer each sprout to a new container such as cassettes with large cells. This is done when the seedlings have already been transferred to the greenhouse and there is plenty of room to place them. Or when transferred to a balcony, where there is also much more space than on a windowsill or an impromptu seedling rack. The main thing here is to take out a slightly dried lump of soil and simply rearrange it in a larger bowl. This action does not interfere with the plant in any way, and then there will be no problems when transferring the seedling to the ground.

Oh, how I wish...

That's about all I wanted to say about pepper cultivation without a pick.

Try to grow just a few pepper roots without picking, compare the results and make your choice. I hope that you will be attracted by the beauty of the seedlings and the minimum of work.

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Pepper belongs to the category of nightshade crops, which causes an increased sensitivity of the root systems of the plant and requires careful handling with all kinds of transplants and picks. It has been observed that inaccurate root picking can delay the development of peppers by about two weeks, and also make them more vulnerable to diseases.

That is why in the practice of experienced gardeners there are several proven secrets of growing pepper seedlings, in which picking is not needed, for example, sowing seeds in separate containers.

Rules for growing pepper seedlings

As the first small container for planting seeds, not only plastic dishes or milk cartons, but also eggshells, baby yogurt cups, as well as peat tablets and paper cups from ordinary thin newspaper can serve separately.

Sowing dates

A suitable date for sowing seeds purchased or collected on your own depends entirely on the planned date for planting future seedlings in a greenhouse or on open ground. As a rule, it is possible to plant a strengthened sprouted seedling with the resulting 2 - 3 full-fledged leaves at the age of at least 55 - 70 days. Thus, planting of seeds should be carried out in the period from the third decade of February or in the first half of March, depending on the characteristics of the selected variety.

Cooking seeds

Advance seed treatment allows you to increase the resistance of bushes to the defeat of various fungal infections, microbes, as well as improve the ability to form ovaries under adverse growing conditions. To this end, the seeds are soaked for 20 - 30 minutes in a warm, light pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Important!If, during soaking in solutions or ordinary water, some seeds rise to the surface, they must be discarded, since they will not be able to germinate and will only occupy part of the soil when planted.

After that, the seeds can be laid out on gauze or a clean, damp cloth and covered with it on top. For moisturizing in such cases, clean warm water with the addition of honey (half a teaspoon of honey to half a glass of water) is suitable. Under such shelter, the seeds remain for a day. Since, under the influence of moisture fertilized with honey, they very quickly release the spine, it is necessary to open the container very carefully and gradually so as not to damage it.

An alternative solution of potassium permanganate can be an ash infusion prepared from 30–40 g of ash per 450–500 ml of water. The infusion is prepared within 24 hours, and the soaking process lasts only 3-4 hours. Thanks to this procedure, the productivity of future bushes increases and their development accelerates.

Getting ready to sow

An equally important point in growing pepper seedlings without picking is the preparation of the appropriate soil. The best option is soil, which includes ordinary garden soil and peat in equal parts.

With increased acidity of the existing mixture, sifted wood ash is added to it in a ratio of 1 to 10.

For good seedling growth, it is better to choose loose, fertilized soil that would easily pass oxygen to the developing seedling root system. If the soil is too dense and heavy, coarse river sand can be added to it.

The second important point concerns the choice of a suitable container. Plastic cups with parameters of 6–8 cm are best suited for this. The main advantage of plastic over ceramics, paper and peat containers is that it does not absorb moisture, which means that the soil does not dry out so quickly and does not need constant moderate moisture. Experienced gardeners recommend choosing containers with holes in the bottom. Excess water will leave through them, since its stagnation has an even more detrimental effect on the condition of the seedlings than a short absence of water.

Sowing seeds

All prepared clean containers are filled with soil, but are not compacted with it. Then, abundant watering of the soil is carried out using warm, settled water. The height of the soil layer should be at least 4 - 5 cm. Seeds are laid out to a depth of about 0.8 - 1 cm one at a time. Then the hole is lightly covered with a thin top layer of soil.

After placing the seeds in the ground, all containers are installed in one large box or container, and then covered with transparent glass or film. The room in which the seeds will be located should be well lit (the box should not be placed under direct sunlight) and warm. The optimum temperature for growing strong seedlings of pepper is about 25 - 27 degrees Celsius.

Important!If the seed containers are stored in a room where the air temperature is below 14 - 15 degrees Celsius, the seedlings will not sprout.

Competent care

Since the main requirement for the successful cultivation of pepper seedlings concerns the full moistening of the soil, its condition must be monitored daily. If you do not allow the soil to dry out and serious changes in air temperature, then the first shoots may appear as early as 4-5 days. Growing seedlings need to be aired regularly. To do this, the protective top film is removed for a while. As soon as all the sprouts sprout and begin to grow, the shelter is removed completely.

In the process of working with seedlings, it can be fertilized with a solution of peat oxidate, which is sprayed with a spray bottle. It is recommended to repeat the procedure with a break of 10-12 days. From the moment the first leaves form, the temperature in the room should be reduced to 22 - 23 degrees Celsius during the day and about 16 - 18 degrees at night.

In small containers, the roots gradually begin to occupy all the available space, so the seedlings, along with the soil, are carefully removed from the container and carefully transplanted into larger containers already prepared. When measuring with familiar plastic glasses, then from a container of 100 - 200 ml you need to switch to 300 - 500 ml. If transplantation is delayed, then this can significantly slow down the process of growth and development of seedlings.

The ability to immediately plant seeds in large containers is not relevant, since unused moisture and soil begin to turn sour, thereby provoking the appearance of diseases in the plants themselves, for example, black leg damage. In this case, in any of the selected options there should be a hole at the bottom.

Picking and hardening

Transplanting plants into new soil, along with a clod of existing soil, effectively minimizes losses to peppers, allowing them to grow further with increased yields. Instead of plastic cups, you can use peat containers or plain newsprint. In such cases, under the influence of moisture, the walls collapse rather quickly, and the seedlings can be moved to a permanent place of germination along with the remaining material.

2 - 3 weeks before the planned transplantation of pepper in a greenhouse or on open ground, it is necessary to harden seedlings in the open fresh air. At first, this procedure takes about 35 - 50 minutes. But with each new day, the time of stay gradually increases to a whole day. In this case, exposure to direct sunlight is recommended.

Important! When caring for seedlings, it is extremely important to avoid cold drafts.

Potential Growing Problems

In the process of growing and caring for pepper seedlings, unexpected problems may arise due to mistakes made at any stage of the work carried out, for example:

Another important point concerns the appearance of yellow or white blooms on the soil with seedlings. The reason for this may be the choice of too large a capacity for the plant, due to which the amount of evaporated moisture significantly exaggerates that which is processed by the root system. Such a result can be provoked by the use of water with an excess of salts in the composition, as well as the active development of white mold in the soil.

If, when moving the leaves around the stem, white small midges begin to fly, it means that the seedlings are infected with the whitefly disease and need timely and thorough processing. A stop in the cultivation of seedlings is often also associated with too deep placement of seeds, improperly selected soil, insufficient illumination of containers, or non-compliance with moderate constant watering of the soil.

Even in the most elegant bag, the seeds will not necessarily be like a selection.

Choose the most filled and soak them for an hour in very clean water - thawed or distilled.
Then dip for another twenty minutes in a very weak, slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Finally, wrap the seeds in a cloth and soak the cloth with honey and water..

To you 1/2 cup water and 1/2 teaspoon honey(unless, of course, you plan to plant a whole field with pepper).

Put a cloth with seeds in a warm place and leave for a day.

Unroll Carefully- after such a thorough seed release of the root very quickly. Try not to damage it.

Land preparation

Pepper loves loose, breathable, rich in nutrients.

Therefore, it makes sense to immediately add to the soil mixture peat And biohumus, A put drainage at the bottom of the pots. Under prepare plastic containers about the size of 7x7x8 centimeters.

Why do containers have to be plastic? Because ceramics, pressed paper and peat pots are too permeable to moisture and dry out quickly. Choose plastic - let the water get to the seedlings, not the surrounding air!

When to plant?

Pepper that will grow in a greenhouse, planted, pepper for open ground - at the end. Please note: a plant that grew without a pick is stronger than its counterparts and will be ready for transplanting into the ground a week ahead of them.

Planting seeds

And now an important point: so that the pepper does not need picking and grows in one place as long as possible, in each container we have exactly two seeds (and cover them with a layer of soil a centimeter thick).

Roughly two seeds. And not at all so that at least one sprouted. After we have selected the best seeds and then carefully processed them before planting, you can safely expect 100% germination. Planting two seeds is just one more final stage of selection.

Almost immediately after sprouts sprout from the seeds, it will be possible to determine which sprout is stronger. Here we leave it. A the one that is weaker, just pull out. And then we will have only the best of the best!

First days

First 7-12 days Watching the growth of pepper is very boring: all the most interesting things happen underground. Easiest cover the pots with plastic and get them out of sight somewhere warm. Dark, light, it doesn't matter. Now the pepper only needs moisture and heat. He will require light later.

Sprouts have appeared

With the advent of sprouts immediately transfer the pepper to a bright place, but do not rush to remove the polyethylene. Peppers do not like sudden temperature changes., and on the window (you most likely put the seedlings on the windowsill) and so cooler than in the warm place where the pots were still standing.

After two days, you can gently open the film and gradually remove it.. Just look - no drafts! 20 degrees during the day, 18 at night, a lot of light and complete peace.

IMPORTANT: Necessarily . Even when using conventional white light bulbs, the seedlings are much stronger and stockier than without lighting at all. Well, let’s not even talk about phytolamps - with them you get not seedlings, but a feast for the eyes.

And yet it's time to move

But each plant has four true leaves. By this time the pot becomes small for him - it's time to move.

But it will no longer be a pick, but transshipment- gently tapping on the pot, remove the whole clod of earth from it and transfer it to a larger pot, about 10x10x15. If you handle the plant carefully, the roots will not suffer, but it is still worth supporting the plant: spray it with honey water or an EM fertilizer solution.

The next two weeks - only clean water, but then you can start every two weeks with liquid organic fertilizers and infusion of ash.

Do not feed the pepper, otherwise the plant will begin to fatten.. It is also useful to turn the pot to the light one side or the other, so that all the leaves are equally large, and the plant itself does not lean to one side.

Life in the garden

heat loving pepper transplanted to the garden in late May-early June, and for the first time, film shelter will not interfere with him. In wells prepared for pepper put a handful of humus and ash.

Pepper will have to work hard, so he can’t go hungry! The seedlings themselves are watered with EM preparations before transplantation, for example, Baikal or "Fitosporin".

On the window

If you decide to leave the pepper to grow on the windowsill, then you should know: this is for a long time. Peppers can grow and bear fruit for years.

Just add fresh vermicompost to it constantly and do not forget about complex fertilizers. And in order for the bush to retain its decorative effect, once a year do it a light pruning, removing old and ugly branches.

Light, warmth, peace - remember? Take care of an adult bush in the same way as you took care of seedlings, and you will have happiness and many, many delicious peppers.

ATTENTION: Valuable ideas and why they don't work

And let's immediately plant the seeds in large containers - then you won't have to transship!

It is possible, but not necessary. In a large pot, the soil will begin to turn sour, and the first weak pepper roots will only feel worse. And this will certainly affect the yield of the plant, and not for the better.

My seedlings have stretched out - what if, during transshipment, we take it and cover it with earth higher? With the same it turns out!

It works with tomatoes, but it won’t work with pepper, because pepper does not know how to form additional roots directly on the stem. Therefore, no matter how much you bury it, it will not be better for him, but from such strange living conditions, pepper can easily.

Growing peppers is great! I want to grow every kind, both sweet and bitter, I just have a window to the south!

It's better to be careful with anything. Within the same room, peppers miraculously pollinate each other(you can arrange them on different windowsills, but this will not interfere with them!) As a result, instead of a sweet bush and a hot pepper bush, you will get two bitter bushes. Maybe one is better, but sweet?

I sow 3-5 seeds in a cup

Varietal classification of tomatoes

When diving and pinching off a third of the root, the root system begins to branch, thereby strengthening the plant;

In addition, you can spray the seedlings with skim milk. Half a glass of milk is diluted with one liter of water, and the leaves are sprayed in the morning. It helps with leaf curl and viral diseases of tomatoes.
Seedlings need to be watered before picking, the water softens the ground, so the tomatoes will be easily removed;
and maintain indoor air temperature within 10 °C at night and 15 °C during the day. In winter, when daylight hours are short, it is recommended to provide additional lighting for seedlings.
. But, since it is difficult to find pure snow or ice in the city, it is better to prepare such water at home. It is quite simple to do this: pour settled tap water into a plastic bottle and put it in the cold (on the balcony or in the freezer of the refrigerator). After freezing most of the water, it is necessary to pierce the bottle and drain the remaining water at the bottom. Wait ten minutes and once again drain the water that has thawed during this time. Ice will remain in the bottle, which, having melted, will turn into melt water.

Additional processing

Seedlings can be grown in residential premises (apartments, houses) or in a greenhouse.

Preparation of seed material and the timing of sowing tomatoes for seedlings

A lack of boron contributes to the growth of many shoots from the rhizome when the main stem wilts, the seedlings turn into bushy plantations.

After the end of the sowing procedure, the container is placed in a warm place and the first shoots are expected. When these appear, it is necessary to take care of effective lighting of the installation site of the container, since a heat-loving plant, receiving a sufficient amount of light, will form not only a stem, but will give all its strength to the leaves, which will subsequently ensure strong and hardy seedlings.

Absolutely every beginner gardener can grow an excellent crop of tomatoes at home without outside help, observing all agrotechnical standards for sowing, diving and planting seedlings. Only by ensuring the correct vegetation regime for the development of an annual plant can we expect an excellent result of our work on a personal plot.

When shoots of tomatoes appear, I thin them out twice, and I don’t pull out unnecessary plants, but carefully cut them with scissors. First, I leave two sprouts in each cup, and when they grow up, get stronger and throw out 3-4 true leaves, then I leave only one of the strongest and healthiest plants.

Diving tomatoes slows down their growth, which prevents the stems from stretching too much;

Pay attention

After a couple of hours, you can remove the seedlings one at a time and transplant them into separate pots (cups, etc.);

Planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse

Two weeks after sowing, the first leaves should appear, which means that it is already possible to pick seedlings, that is, plant their sprouts in their own containers. During this period

If there is no possibility or desire to do all this, then you can use plain tap water, settled at room temperature for 12–24 hours.

Picking tomato seedlings

. Soak the seeds for 3-4 hours in a soda solution (1 tablespoon per liter of water), after the procedure, rinse the seeds thoroughly in running water.

Most gardeners grow it on windowsills.

Tomatoes are very whimsical to watering and saturation of the soil with useful components. A particularly useful component is ordinary wood ash, which must certainly be present in tomato growing beds.

Feeding tomato seedlings

At the beginning of forcing, the first two leaves are formed on the stalk. It is from this moment that intensive illumination of the shoots begins in order to effectively form the root system of plants and harden them - taking them out into the street for several hours, increasing the time by twenty minutes daily. With the growth of shoots, the time of seedlings on the street also increases.

The key to a great harvest always lies in the quality of the seeds. Before sowing them, you need to decide on the varieties of tomatoes, the timing of their ripening and the temperature conditions for sowing.

Seedlings of tomato seedlings
It is easier to transplant seedlings into the ground from separate containers without damaging the roots than from a common box, where the roots can get tangled and break when planted;
back to heading
It is better to put on gloves on your hands, well, rag ones are better, they will protect both hands and seedlings;
It is necessary that the room has high humidity and temperature
The soil should be loose and have a high saturation with nutrients. The following compositions of the soil mixture are quite suitable:

Enrichment of seeds with mineral fertilizers

Pest control

So let's consider this option in detail.

A very important point in growing seedlings is pest control. Especially dangerous for tomatoes is the aphid, which devours foliage and inflorescences. Modern means of intoxication help to fight it. An effective biological method for controlling harmful insects is to grow tomatoes in the same area as nasturtium or poppy seeds, which attract other types of insects that destroy aphids.

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How to grow tomato seedlings

After hardening procedures at 60 days of age, seedlings can be planted in a pre-prepared greenhouse, the soil for tomatoes in which should be similar in structure to the soil in the seedling tray. The main useful property is the saturation of the soil with essential microelements that can determine the conditions for the growth of strong and fruitful stems. The greenhouse should have a collapsible design, since after planting tomatoes in the ground, the process of getting used to natural climatic conditions will continue.

A little about tomato seedlings

It should be taken into account the fact that tomatoes are classified according to stem height, fruit shape and ripening time. Among the most popular high-yielding modern varieties that take root in our natural and climatic conditions are:

I leave one plant in a glass

If the size of the pot matches the size of the seedlings, then when watering, the root system develops and strengthens, and in large containers the water stagnates, the roots lack air and the seedlings begin to stretch.

Many gardeners grow tomatoes without diving. To do this, the seeds are planted immediately in separate containers so that the roots of the seedlings do not intertwine.
In separate containers, the earth should be the same as in the general box, treated for pests with a weak solution of manganese, preferably warm (room temperature);

Preparing to grow seedlings

about 23 ° C - to ensure such conditions, place a basin of water near the radiator. And do not forget to water the soil (best with a sprayer).

Humus and black soil in a ratio of 2: 1;
. To do this, the seeds are soaked for 24 hours in a solution containing a mixture of mineral fertilizers. At the end of the specified period, it is necessary to transfer the seeds to a moistened cloth and germinate them in warmth for at least two more days.
If earlier there were vases with flowers or pots of plants on the windowsill, then the window sill should be thoroughly washed with cleaning products. Plants can have various diseases that young tomato sprouts can become infected with.
Tomato seedlings love the bright sun, warm, well-ventilated places, protected from the hot afternoon heat, frequent watering of the base of the stem with water at room temperature.

Place to grow

A lot of agronomic professionals advise sowing seeds in the greenhouse right away. This makes it possible to simplify the task of growing seedlings, hardening and picking them at times. small-fruited - Sweet 100, Evita, Mirabell; Excess seedlings during thinning, if necessary, can, of course, be planted in other containers.

Many gardeners argue about the importance and necessity of diving.

With such a planting, tomatoes will not need to dive when planting them in the ground or greenhouse. Only at the same time, the seedlings get sick and take root for a long time. From the common box, the seedling is removed with a spatula or spatula (scoop), while the root is shortened by a third;

Seeds for seedlings

Chernozem, sand, soil for seedlings in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Tomato seeds are sown in one common container, which can be used as: One more tip -

It's hard to find a person who doesn't like tomatoes. Of course, you can buy them in a store or at a market - since now tomatoes are sold all year round, but still it is better to grow them yourself - such tomatoes are tastier, healthier, and environmentally cleaner. But often the desire to eat your own tomatoes comes up against ignorance, so to speak, of the technology of their cultivation. The first question is how to properly grow tomato seedlings.

Growing tomato seedlings at home may involve planting them in open ground without the use of greenhouse structures. For this, the sown material at the age of 30 days is subjected to picking, transplanting into separate pots in order to develop a strong root system of a single stem. After the end of the period of late frosts, the dived seedlings are planted in fertilized soil, immersing the stem to the first lower leaf. If the seedlings have long stems, it is worth paying attention to their garter to a stable stable support, which can serve as an ordinary wooden bead. Medium-fruited - Martina, Goldene Koeniging, Harzfeuer, Balkonstar;
As the seedlings grow, I gradually add prepared soil to the cups. To avoid an unpleasant disease - the "black leg", I spud a little young plants. After pouring the soil, the tomatoes quickly grow additional roots, grow actively and practically do not get sick. Peppers do not stretch as much as tomatoes, and you do not need to add a lot of soil to their cups.
back to heading It is better to take seedlings by the leaves, and not by the stems, since the stem can be damaged and the sprout will die, and if the leaf is damaged, the seedling will be fine. And from below, the sprout takes up the clod of earth in which the root is located;
It is necessary to refrain from additional lighting for up to 5 days after picking and avoid direct sunlight on seedlings. It is best to buy a soil mixture specially prepared for tomato seedlings in a store or on the market. You can, of course, prepare the soil yourself, but this is quite troublesome and dirty work.

Seedling container

wooden box;

Tomato seedlings do not like being moved from place to place
Seedlings are grown from tomato seeds planted in the soil and after a certain time the grown sprouts are transplanted into open ground.
After the seedlings have taken root at the landing site, it is worth regularly monitoring the appearance of new shoots with already developed leaves. These sprouts should be removed in order to further form a strong root system of tomatoes.

plum-shaped - Roma, San Marzano; Sometimes I grow some of the seedlings right away in boxes. It is believed that in regions with a short summer and a cold climate, diving is necessary, since when diving and pinching off the root, the root system begins to grow to the sides, which is good for the plant. In such regions, fertile, nutritious and warm soil is on the surface.

In order to plant tomatoes without a pick, you need to plant seeds in separate containers or a common box, partitioned inside into separate parts as follows:

A hole is made in a separate pot, you can use your finger, you can use a pencil 5-6 cm deep, where the seedling is placed, while it is important not to bend the root, and all the leaves should be above the ground;

seedling water

10 days after picking, the seedlings must be fed with mineral fertilizers for the first time, and after another two weeks - the second time. It is very important not to forget how to properly water tomato seedlings during this period - watering should be regular and moderately plentiful. To prepare the soil directly for sowing seeds, you must: plastic container;

. Therefore, choose a permanent “place of residence” for seedlings and do not touch it unless you really need it.

Soil for seedlings

The question may arise - why, in general, grow seedlings? Isn't it easier to sow tomato seeds in the ground and wait for them to germinate? But in our rather cool climate, this is basically impossible. And that is why you first need to grow seedlings, and then plant them on open ground.

To ensure a high future crop of growing tomatoes, you should not miss the appearance of four shoots on the seedlings and remove the tops.
large-fruited - Master, Beefmaster, Supermarmande.

Tomato seedlings in a box

At the same time, in warm regions there is no particular need for a dive, since the root system will receive everything it needs even at a depth.

Plant 3-5 pieces of seeds in one cup, whether it is dry seeds or germinated;
Press down (compact) the earth around the seedling after planting;

Growing seedlings

Sowing seeds

Approximately 20 days later

Fill the seedling container with a dry soil mixture and pour it with water (not cold, but approximately room temperature).

plastic box
In agriculture, everything starts with seeds, so

Before and during the dive

The timing when it is necessary to start growing it depends on the variety of tomato: Initial soil fertilizers for tomatoes require the presence of a sufficient amount of humus in it. However, this is not at all enough to provide the plants with the necessary micro and macro elements throughout the entire vegetative period of development and fruiting. If the soil contains a balanced composition of the necessary biological substances, then there are no problems with the growth of tomatoes. However, the ideal option is rarely found in nature, often the gardener has to independently monitor the condition of the soil and plants, regulating the lack of useful components by fertilizing. Each owner of the land chooses a variety of tomatoes for planting based on the meatiness and elasticity of the fruit for the purpose of further use on the farm - preserves, sandwiches, salads or sauces.

In this case, I also fill the containers at first only by a third, and then, as the tomatoes grow, I add soil to the desired level - 12-15 cm. I put partitions between the plants in the boxes, so the roots do not intertwine and are not damaged during planting. This means that the adaptation of seedlings after planting in open ground is going very well. Dive or dive is a transplant of young plants to another place. This method is widely used in growing seedlings. Tomatoes tolerate this procedure quite well, and some gardeners transplant young sprouts as they grow up twice or even three times. The time for the first pick comes when the first real leaves appear in the plants, this is about 7-10 days after germination. When the seeds have sprouted, they need to be thinned out, for this, unnecessary and weak seedlings are not pulled out, but cut off at the root so as not to damage the roots other plants. Usually two seedlings are left;

When all the seedlings are dived, they need to be watered with water at room temperature and the seedlings should be left in the shade.

After the pick

Young tomato sprouts should be sprayed with an antifungal agent

Wrap the container with moist soil with cling film and leave it like that for about a day. During this time, the entire soil will be evenly saturated with moisture.

The container should have drainage holes that improve the supply of soil with water and air. It is very important to choose high-quality and proven varieties of seeds for planting Early and medium tomato varieties - March or early April.

The lack of certain types of elements is always characterized by external defective manifestations in seedlings:

Before planting, it is worth deciding in advance whether the variety is classified as a determinant or non-determinant species. The first option involves the development of undersized plants, the second is prone to forcing the stem over two meters. This aspect implies completely different agrotechnical conditions for growing tomatoes in open ground.

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A rigorous selection of the best plants and good care allows you to get powerful and strong seedlings of both tomatoes and peppers by the time of planting.

How to pick tomatoes

Previously, following the general opinion that picking is necessary, even necessary and brings great benefits to seedlings, I also transplanted small sprouts of tomatoes from a common box into separate cups. It should be noted that this work is not difficult, but it never brought me much joy, probably too painstaking for me. Therefore, one day I tried to grow seedlings of tomatoes and peppers without picking at all. It turned out no worse, and since then for many years I have not been engaged in picking, to my pleasure.

When leaves appear, thin out again, leaving one of the strongest and healthiest seedlings;

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(5% solution of copper sulfate). At the same time, hardening at low temperatures begins. This must be done before planting seedlings in open ground. In urban conditions, hardening is usually carried out on the balcony - the main thing in this matter is to close the seedlings at night so as not to freeze and protect it from direct sun during the day.
Seeds are sown in rows, the row spacing is at least 3 cm. Seeds should be at least 2–2.5 cm apart from each other.
It is preferable to use plastic containers

best suited to your climate zone. If you are new to the "tomato business", then when choosing seeds, do not rely on chance, but consult experienced gardeners or read thematic literature.

Late varieties - end of January or February.

If the stems of the planted plants are thin, dense and acquire a purple color, while the plants are undersized and do not throw out inflorescences for a long time, there is a lack of nitrogen, which can be filled by applying nitrogen fertilizers;

Planting tomato seeds for seedlings begins with the preparation of seed material, in particular, soaking the seeds in water at room temperature with the addition of flower fertilizers and growth stimulants. The proportions of drugs are always indicated on the packages.

Seedlings of tomatoes without picks

Seedling care after picking

You should add soil to the pots as the seedlings grow, this strengthens the roots and accelerates their growth.

In the future, the seedlings are watered twice a week, the main thing is that it does not dry out. As soon as the dived seedlings take root, they are transferred to a bright and ventilated place.

In another week, flower brushes should appear on young sprouts and, if this happens, then the seedlings can be planted in open ground. Before planting, it must be watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (2 grams of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of water). In the same way, it is necessary to process the holes in the garden.

How to water tomato seedlings before picking

After completing all the preparatory procedures, proceed to sowing tomato seeds:

, and not wood, in which microorganisms harmful to seedlings may appear.

Before planting it, you must consider the following:

If yellow and dark brown spots appear on the leaves of the seedlings, the foliage curls and dries up, while the stalks die - magnesium is not enough for the tomatoes, due to which the so-called chlorosis develops;

Is it necessary to dive tomatoes

After bubbling, the seeds are distributed in one ball on moist gauze folded in several layers and covered with the same material in order to create a warm vacuum at a temperature of 30 ° C with the creation of effective air exchange. After a couple of days, wet and warmed seeds swell and expel the first buds.

Sweet pepper seedling

I grow seedlings mostly in cups. And to avoid picks, I sow both tomatoes and peppers directly into cups. Moreover, I fill the containers intended for seedlings of tomatoes by a third, and for peppers - almost completely.

How to plant tomatoes without a pick

If the picking of tomatoes was not done in separate containers, but in another larger common box, then a second picking is also done, only the distance between the seedlings increases to 8 cm.
From the moment the seedlings are planted on the garden beds, another stage of tomato cultivation begins. But that, as they say, is "a slightly different story."
Make 1–1.5 cm indentations with a match or toothpick and carefully place one seed in each hole. Sprinkle the recesses with soil and moisten with a sprayer, then wrap the container again with cling film.

For transplanting seedlings (gardeners call this process picking), use disposable plastic cups. Poke two small drainage holes in the bottom of each cup before use.

Seed quality check

Seedling care without picking

selection and preparation of a place for cultivation;

If the tops of the seedlings have turned yellow, and the lower rows of foliage are still green, you urgently need to feed the tomatoes with calcium and iron;

Do I need to dive tomatoes and peppers

Sow seeds in the soil in early March or early April. Growing tomato seedlings in a greenhouse causes earlier sowing. For forcing parosts, you need a tray, the dimensions of which are selected depending on the expected number of tomato seedlings grown. This can be a rectangular flower pot bought in a supermarket, or an unnecessary old vessel in the form of a metal or plastic basin.

There is practically no fallout of plants, they do not even wither and immediately actively grow.
Plastic cups for seedlings
Such seedlings are watered with water at room temperature, depending on the drying of the soil. Also, seedlings can be fed with fertilizers and exposed to light, each time turning the pots in the direction of light movement so that the seedlings do not grow crooked.
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It is advised to pick tomatoes twice: the first time when a couple of leaves appeared, and the second time directly into the greenhouse or open ground. After that, the seedlings will be healthy, and the root system will be strong.

Sowing seeds should take place in the same place where the container with seedlings will stand. Please note - during planting, direct sunlight can harm the seeds.

It is advisable to disinfect all containers intended for growing seedlings, and then rinse them with clean water.

. Place the seeds in a saline solution (50 grams of table salt per liter of water) and wait about 7 minutes. Seeds that have surfaced can be safely thrown away - these are bad, incomplete seeds and there will be no sense from them. The remaining seeds must be thoroughly washed in clean water.

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Seedlings of tomatoes without a pick

selection and preparation of seeds;

In cases of a long absence of inflorescences, it is advisable to add phosphate fertilizers to the soil;

The sowing container is filled with loose soil mixed with compost. You can buy loose humus in a specialized store, or cook it at home in the autumn period.

Of course, I do not urge everyone to refuse to pick seedlings completely, but I simply draw attention to the fact that good seedlings can be grown without this procedure.

Before sowing tomatoes, I fill the cups with soil by a third

Before planting seedlings in a greenhouse or in open ground, they must be hardened off. To do this, the room where the seedlings are located is ventilated, and over time, the seedlings are taken out into the street for a while.

Before picking, tomato seedlings are watered 2-3 times a week with water at room temperature. At first, water a little, until the first seedlings appear, then after a week. You can not water often, the earth should dry out a little, but do not dry out.

It is better to start picking when a couple of leaves appear on the seedlings, then they will better take root in a new place and will be less sick.

About a week after sowing, the first shoots should appear - which means that you can already remove the cling film so that the seedlings have access to light (but without direct sunlight). During this period

Among most gardeners, it is widely believed that

Seed disinfection

selection and preparation of containers and soil;

With a lack of manganese, the seedlings fade, weaken and are not able to physically form inflorescences;

The poured layer of soil should not exceed fifteen centimeters, this height will provide optimal moisture impregnation, and will not create an excess of it. Sowing tomato seeds for seedlings is carried out at the rate of one seed per three square meters. see lands. The layer covering the sown seeds should not be dense and thick. The ideal option is 2-3 millimeters.

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I use seeds for planting harvested on my own, I always have enough of them, so I sow at least 3-5 seeds in each cup, I don’t save.

It is believed that diving strengthens the plant, because:

You should not water the seedlings from above, you should try to water under the roots so that water does not get on the leaves.

Picking stages:

It is necessary to periodically water the soil with a sprayer

When growing seedlings, only melt water should be used
. Purchased seeds are recommended to be disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 grams of dry potassium permanganate per 500 milliliters of water). Rinse the seeds in the prepared solution for 10-15 minutes, and then rinse them thoroughly with clean water.

Water preparation and irrigation rules.