Flooding in Russia: Causes, Scale of the Catastrophe, Consequences. Notifications Last flood in Russia

According to the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, in 2018, 13,683 minors went missing in the country, and 8,383 in the first half of 2019. As of the end of September of this year, most of the missing were found, but 98 children are still wanted ...

Most often, children disappear in the Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk and Nizhny Novgorod regions, as well as in the Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions. Last year, 6,232 minors left the capital and did not return home. Every day, the Moscow police receive information about five or six missing children. Many cases relate to voluntary leaving the family, that is, minors themselves decide to leave, he said Head of the 8th Department of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department Dmitry Pichugin on the air of the radio "Komsomolskaya Pravda".

If we focus on general statistics across the country, then most often minors leave and find themselves among the wanted (missing) because of abuse and conflicts with family members, asocial behavior of parents, unfavorable living conditions, poor control in schools and kindergartens.

On the territory of Russia, the search for missing children is carried out by the Investigative Committee, the Ministry of Emergencies, the police, and volunteer organizations. The laws allow you to immediately start looking for a child who has not returned home. Therefore, the opinion that it is necessary to wait 72 hours before filing a report of a missing person is a dangerous misconception. And the law passed in August 2019 allows law enforcement officers, with parental consent, to promptly receive information about a missing minor if he has a mobile phone. Previously, it was possible to obtain data on the geolocation of a child's device only by a court decision.

In order to avoid tragedies, the volunteer search unit Liza Alert recommends not to let the child go out alone. The readiness of a minor for independent walks should be determined individually. The psychologist of the detachment advises to let go of some children living in large cities, not earlier than they reach 10 years, and in rural areas - not earlier than 8-9 years. A child who walks or goes to school on his own should be able to navigate in time and in the locality, know the address and phone number of parents, be able to and not be afraid to call for help, understand and follow safety rules.

Before letting go of a child alone, it is important to build a route that does not contain potentially dangerous places on the way. These include garages, construction sites, hatches, unregulated pedestrian crossings, unlit and deserted streets. Also, parents should take this route several times with their child. This will allow not only to remember the road well, but also to note the travel time, which will help to take action in time if the child is delayed. A special program, which is installed on the phone, or a GPS-watch, will help in determining the location of a minor.

If the minor did not return home on time, the first step is to call everyone with whom he could stay or who he could visit along the way. If it was not possible to quickly find the child on your own, you must immediately inform the police about it.

In recent years all over the planet observed increased number of floods... The largest number of such disasters occurs in the countries of the Asian region. Of these, China ranks first, where 58 floods occurred over the four years under review. Asia is followed by the United States, which experienced 52 floods during the same period. In countries such as Russia, Mexico, Australia, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea, the Philippines, over ten floods have been recorded over the same four years.

Where do floods occur most often?

Bangladesh is unfortunately more than any other country in the world, suffers from natural floods. This state is located relatively low above sea level, has a mostly flat surface, many small and large rivers such as the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra. Under such geographic conditions, during a flood, the flooded area is 2/3 of the entire territory of the country.

Every year, the economic damage from more frequent floods only increases. Climatologists and other scientists associate this with the general warming of the climate, as well as with the unreasonable policy of using natural resources.

With a similar trend, floods will only become more frequent and worse throughout the world, and no country is immune from this.

Traced season dependence of floods, the greatest number is observed in the spring and summer seasons, when there is an intensive melting of ice and flooding of rivers. In the winter season, when most water bodies and rivers are frozen, and the general temperature is low, there are fewer floods.

Typically, floods last 3 to 7 days. But lately, the duration of natural disasters has been increasing. For example, in 1999 there were 20 recorded floods lasting more than 30 days. This is also associated with global warming and increased ice melting at the poles. If this trend continues, floods lasting up to 1.5-2 months will become the norm in most regions. Moreover, even those regions that previously were not characterized by flooding at all will suffer from them.

Increased number of floods now it is more acute than ever and requires increased attention and balanced decisions.

Large floods in Russia are rare, but nevertheless, every year the southeastern regions of the country suffer natural disasters in the form of downpours and floods. Every year, thousands of people in one of the most influential countries in the world are forced to leave their homes and wait for help from the state, which is usually scanty and does not cover all the costs associated with the elements.

The most devastating floods in Russia

The statistics of floods and natural disasters in Russia are becoming more and more weighty every year. It's all to blame for global warming and the maximum amount of precipitation, falling, as a rule, in a few days in some regions of the country. The largest floods in Russia took the lives of hundreds of people and deprived thousands of property of the country's citizens.

In 2001, there was a flood in Yakutia. Eight people were killed, 43 thousand citizens were injured, 5 thousand houses were destroyed. The flood occurred due to an unprecedented ice jam on the Lena River.

In 2002, there was a flood in the south of the country, the Stavropol Territory was particularly affected. This flood claimed the lives of 170 people. One hundred thousand people suffered material damage to one degree or another, 44 thousand houses were flooded.

In 2004, there was a flood in the Kemerovo region due to the flooding of the local rivers Tom and Kondoma. Five people died, 10 thousand people were injured, 6 thousand houses were destroyed in one way or another.

In 2010, in the Krasnodar Territory, due to the flooding of mountain rivers, 30 settlements were flooded. 17 people died. The state suffered 2 billion rubles in damage.

In 2012, there was one of the worst floods in the Kuban. As a result of heavy downpours, a five-month rainfall fell over several days. 171 people died, more than 30 thousand citizens were injured. The damage to the state amounted to 20 billion rubles.

Causes of the disaster

The total flood in Russia in 2015 triggered attempts to understand the situation. The fact that utilities, police and city leaders, frankly speaking, come to a standstill after such cataclysms - and so it is understandable. After all, emergency situations are a complex process that requires complete consolidation and coordination of the work of all city government bodies.

After the "epidemic" of floods, the deputy head of Hydromet commented on the situation and tried to justify his colleagues. After all, for the territory of Russia, flooding in the summer is the norm, and forecasters "predict" the weather very approximately. The cause of the current catastrophe was the cyclone, which brought heavy rain and gusty winds - the "heir" of Typhoon Goti. Why storm sewers are not ready in many cities of Russia, nobody said.

Floods in Russia in 2015

According to the forecasters of the Russian hydrometeorological center, precipitation for Russian latitudes is more a regularity than a rarity. Predicting summer showers and, as a consequence, floods is quite difficult due to the heterogeneous structure of the clouds. It is almost impossible to predict the position of each cloud, which is why meteorologists often use the term "in places" when covering the weather forecast. A cloud can live from five minutes to several hours, and it is not possible to predict the state of each of them.

A similar situation happened in the summer of 2015. Meteorologists outlined the flood areas in Russia with their inherent blurred boundaries, but no one predicted that the catastrophe would fall on both capitals of the country.

This summer, showers flooded the Krasnodar Territory, Moscow, Voronezh, Chelyabinsk, Sochi, Petersburg, Lipetsk, Kursk.

Flooding in Sochi

One of the most catastrophic floods of this year in Russia occurred in the "Olympic" Sochi. On June 25, 2015, due to heavy rains and, as a result, rising water levels in nearby rivers, most of the city's districts were flooded. In Sochi, floods occur every year, but the townspeople did not expect that after the construction of the "Olympic" storm drains, the city would be flooded to the same extent.

Another major monetary adventure "floated out" in the midst of the elements. On June 26, an emergency was declared. The city was paralyzed for several days. City transport did not function. There was water in the airport building at a level of 80 cm from the ground. Thanks to volunteers, utilities and townspeople, casualties among the population were avoided.

Catastrophe in major cities of Russia

The flooding in Russia this summer in the country's megacities has become the reason for major litigation between the state leadership and utilities. This is not surprising, no matter how much the hydrometeorological center warns about the upcoming bad weather, no one is going to take any steps before the disaster. This happened at the end of June, when the "Sochi" showers hit several regions of the country, abundantly watering the capital.

From 26 to 28 June, half of the monthly rainfall fell in Moscow. Utility workers dealt with the accumulation of water on city roads. Several metro stations were flooded.

On June 26, the same cyclone flooded the streets and buildings of Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Kursk. In the regions, there were no human casualties, but with significant losses for the country's budget. A lot of state institutions and public utilities were flooded. The cyclone flooded several streets of the Northern capital.

The last flood in Russia

In early September 2015, there was a major flood in Russia, the Ussuri region suffered. The reason was typhoon "Goni", which had been raging in the vastness of Japan before. For several days there were showers, a two-month norm of precipitation fell. 10 thousand local residents were left without electricity. Eight districts of Ussuriysk were flooded, 300 people had to be evacuated. There were no reports of casualties among the population, volunteers and social services promptly responded, but the Ussuri Zoo lost 27 of its animals.

The territory of Russia, in comparison with other states located in seismically active regions, is generally characterized by moderate seismicity. But even in our country there are places where it "shakes" a lot, and therefore it is extremely dangerous to live.

Kuriles and Sakhalin

The Kuril Islands and Sakhalin are part of the volcanic Fire Belt of the Pacific Ocean. In fact, the Kuriles are the tops of volcanoes rising above the surface of the ocean, and volcanoes played an important role in the formation of Sakhalin. Every day seismic stations record tremors in this area.
On the night of May 28, 1995, Sakhalin experienced the largest earthquake in Russia in the last hundred years. Neftegorsk was completely destroyed. Despite the fact that the intensity of the tremors barely exceeded 7 points under a 12-point scale, large-block earthquake-resistant houses collapsed. 2040 people died, more than 700 were injured. The real tragedy was that high school students had their graduation that day. The building where the school ball was held collapsed, burying the graduates under it.
As always with earthquakes, rescuers recorded miraculous rescues. For example, one man fell into the basement of a house, where he was able to eat the remaining pickles for many days, and survived.

Kamchatka

The peninsula is also part of the volcanic belt of the Pacific Ocean. Kamchatka has 29 active volcanoes and dozens of "asleep" ones. Small tremors associated with tectonic processes and volcanic activity are recorded every day. Fortunately, most earthquakes occur at sea and in sparsely populated areas.
An earthquake of magnitude 8.5, which occurred on November 4, 1952 in Avacha Bay, was included in the 15 strongest earthquakes of the 20th century and was named "Big Kamchatka". It caused a tsunami that washed away Severo-Kurilsk and reached Japan, Alaska, Hawaii and even Chile.
After that, a network of seismic stations was created in the Far East.

North Caucasus and the Black Sea coast

For the danger of this region, residents need to "thank" the Arabian plate, which collides with the Eurasian plate. Seismologists call the area difficult: Crimea-Kavkaz-Kopetdag zone Iran-Caucasus-Anatolian seismically active region. There are often earthquakes of magnitude 9 and higher. On the Russian side, the territories of Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia and North Ossetia are considered dangerous.
The largest events are called the nine-point earthquake in Chechnya in 1976 and the Chkhalta earthquake in 1963. Everyone who was born in the USSR remembers the Armenian Spitak, in which 25 thousand people died.
Restless in the Stavropol Territory. The tremors are felt in the cities of Anapa, Novorossiysk and Sochi. The great Crimean earthquake of 1927 is described in the famous novel "The Twelve Chairs".

Lake Baikal is located in the middle of a huge rift zone - a fault in the earth's crust. Up to 5-6 thousand aftershocks are recorded here per year. The rift line extending into Mongolia also has its own "valley of dormant volcanoes" on the Oka plateau in Buryatia.
The most famous earthquake on Lake Baikal - Tsaganskoe, occurred on January 12, 1863. Then, on the southeastern shore of Lake Baikal, an entire valley went under the water, and Proval Bay was formed.
The last strong earthquake occurred on August 27, 2008. The epicenter was located in the southern water area of ​​Lake Baikal, the strength was 10 points. In Irkutsk, 6-7 points were felt. People panicked, ran out into the street, and their cellular communications crashed. In Baikalsk, where it was felt up to 9 points, the work of a pulp and paper mill was interrupted.
Fortunately, most of the strong earthquakes in this region do not lead to casualties, since the area is sparsely populated, and multi-storey buildings are designed for tremors.

Altai and Tyva

In both Altai and Tuva, complex processes lead to earthquakes. On the one hand, the region is influenced by the huge plate of Hindustan, due to the movement of which to the north the Himalayas were formed, on the other - the Baikal fault. Seismic activity in the region is growing.
In Altai, a 10-point earthquake that happened on September 27, 2003 made a lot of noise. It reached Novosibirsk, Kuzbass and Krasnoyarsk. Six districts of the republic were affected, the village of Beltir was destroyed, 110 families were left homeless. The buildings in the villages of Kosh-Agach and Aktash were destroyed.
In Tuva, the local population was frightened by the earthquake that occurred on the evening of December 27, 2011. In the villages of the republic, houses were crumbling and crumbling. Chandeliers swayed in the houses of residents of Abakan and Novokuznetsk. The fear was added by the fact that there was a severe frost outside. Seismic activity lasted almost the entire winter. So, in February 2012, seismologists counted more than 700 shocks.

In the vast Yakutia area, there are two earthquake-prone belts. The northern one goes from the Lena delta to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk along the Chersky ridge, the southern one - Baikal-Stanovoy stretches from Lake Baikal to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Every day there are two or three shocks here. The strongest earthquake is called the nine-point Oymyakon earthquake of 1971. The tremors were felt over an area of ​​one million square kilometers and reached Magadan. And in April 1989, between the valleys of the Lena and Amur rivers, an earthquake of 8 magnitude occurred on an area of ​​one and a half million square kilometers! The Yakuts themselves assure that the republic accounts for almost a third of all seismic activity in Russia.

For 300 years, 42 earthquakes with a magnitude of 3 to 6.5 have been recorded in the Urals.
Recent studies indicate that tremors up to 7 points are possible here. True, this happens once every 110-120 years. Now there is an increase in seismic activity.
The last strong earthquake occurred on March 30, 2010 near Kachkanar. At the epicenter, the strength of the tremors was 5 points. The windows were shaking in the houses, car alarms went off in cars.

Of course, to those who live in the central regions, what is happening on the outskirts of Russia will seem distant, but it turns out that there are events that affect the entire country. So, on May 24, 2013, at the bottom of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, at a depth of 620 kilometers, there was a shock with a force of 8 points. The earthquake became unique: it swept across the country and became the fourth in Western Russia over the past 76 years.
This earthquake brought a lot of thrills to the inhabitants of the capital's skyscrapers. Some offices have evacuated workers.

the site studied all sorts of ratings of cities and regions of Russia and found out what are the pros and cons of living in Omsk, judging by the statistics. Let's say right away: we had to look for the advantages under a microscope, and the Omsk residents themselves gave the worst assessments of their city in comparison with residents of other regions.

Salary level. Ranked 47 out of 85

At the end of the year, Rosstat has calculated the salary rating. Among all 85 regions, the Omsk region was below the middle, only in 47th place. The average salary in our region is slightly higher than 32 thousand, which is 10 thousand less than the average for the country as a whole.

The salary in the Omsk region is 4 thousand less than in the neighboring Novosibirsk, which is located in 34th place. But the Tyumen region with a salary of 61 thousand broke into the top ten. The leader in the ranking is the Magadan Region. The eastern region was the only one where the average salary exceeded 100 thousand. Interestingly, only 2.5% of employees receive salaries over 100 thousand in our region.

Middle class. 43rd of 85

In all developed countries, the middle class is considered the backbone of the state. In our country, the middle class means a family that can afford to buy a car on credit, take out an apartment on a mortgage, and after monthly payments for each family member, there should be more than two living wages. Such is the complex scheme.

In Omsk, Rosstat counted only 11.5% of such families, which is 3% less than the national average. The last places in the rating are occupied by the republics of the Caucasus, and the leading regions are the Far North, where the middle class reaches 45%. Moscow and St. Petersburg, with slightly more than 25%, occupy 7th and 8th places in the rating, respectively.

Alcohol consumption in our region is relatively normal. The Sober Russia Society has been compiling the Regions Sobriety Rating for five years now. The republics of the North Caucasus are in the lead every year. And the regions of the Far North and Primorye are at the bottom of the rating. The most teetotal after regions with a predominance of Muslims were the residents of Tyumen, who took 6th place this year.

Omsk ranked 34th. Surprisingly, despite the dominance of alcohol stores, statistics show that they drink less in our region than the national average. Among our neighbors, most of all alcohol is consumed in the Kurgan region, which is among the ten most drinking regions of Russia.

But we are in real trouble with the construction industry. It is not surprising that seemingly such a simple task as the renovation of facades turned into large-scale problems for the city and repeated postponements of the completion date.

The Omsk region was in the twenty worst in terms of the number of square meters commissioned per capita. Our neighbors in the rating turned out to be the Kurgan and Tomsk regions, which are located in 68th and 70th places, respectively. In our and neighboring regions, a little more than a quarter of a square meter is being built per person per year, which is two times less than the national average.

Moscow and Leningrad regions are leading by a wide margin, where more than a square meter of housing is being built per person. But in third place are our neighbors from Tyumen, where they build 0.9 square meters per person. It is not surprising that in 10 years Tyumen has grown by a third and plans to become a millionaire city in the coming years. The Novosibirsk Region is also at the top of the rating, at 16th place.

Debt of the population. 41st of 85

Rosstat also calculated how much the Russians collected loans. In this rating, the Omsk region was in the middle of the list, at 41st place. On average, each inhabitant of our region has a debt of almost two hundred thousand rubles, which is more than half of the amount that the average Omsk will earn this year. However, our neighbors' business with loans is even more sad. Thus, residents of the Novosibirsk and Tyumen regions are in 75th and 78th places in the ranking, respectively. They have collected loans for two-thirds of the annual salary. And the Kurgan region is one of the three most heavily credited regions. People there, if they decide to pay off all loans in one year, will have a little more than a quarter of their income.

Kalmykia took the last place in the rating, where the amount of loans is approaching the annual income. But in Ingushetia, Crimea, Dagestan and Chechnya, loans are almost never taken. There, people have to give the banks less than one fifth of their annual income.

Mortgage. 34th of 85

Rosstat also calculated how many percent of Russians pay their mortgage. In our region, every fifth able-bodied person bought a home on a mortgage, which corresponds to the national average. Roughly the same indicators are observed throughout the Siberian region. Only the Novosibirsk region, which is in 11th place, where about a quarter of the population pays for mortgages, and the Tyumen region with 28%, which entered the top three, stand out.

Comfort and accessibility of the urban environment combined with the cost of living. 84th of 100

The Institute for Spatial Planning "Urbanika" this year studied the convenience and cost of living in the hundred largest cities in Russia. We took into account the affordability of housing, purchasing power, traffic jams, the level of amenities, including the illumination of the city, the environmental situation and some other factors.

Our city was in 16th place, but only from the end. Even the neighboring Kurgan, which is inferior to Omsk in almost all ratings, turned out to be twelve places higher, let alone Tyumen, which almost got into the top three cities, eventually taking fourth place.

Sunny Krasnodar, Surgut and St. Petersburg became the leaders, while Moscow was in 52nd place. Sevastopol, Biysk and Ussuriysk closed the list.

The quality of the urban environment. 15th of 15

The Ministry of Construction of Russia also evaluated the cities in terms of the quality of the urban environment this year. When compiling the rating, six parameters were taken into account: housing, street, public and business and social and leisure infrastructures, green spaces and water areas, as well as citywide space.

In total, 1114 settlements of the country were assessed. And in its category of million-plus cities, Omsk took the last place. It is interesting that according to the urban environment index Omsk with its 104 final points was ahead of even other settlements of the region. So, Kalachinsk scored 151 points, Isilkul - 147 points, Tara - 145 points, Tyukalinsk - 137 points, Nazyvaevsk - 123 points.

None of the settlements in our region scored 180 points necessary for the recognition of the city as comfortable. The leaders in comfort among the Siberian cities were Krasnoyarsk and Tyumen, who scored 189 and 212 points, respectively.

Quality of life (according to the residents themselves). 78th of 78

The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation conducted a study among residents of cities with a population of more than 250 thousand people.

The townspeople were asked to evaluate six parameters: roads and transport, the development of education and culture, the state of the housing stock and the improvement of the city, the work of local authorities, the quality of medical care, the general state of affairs in the city.

Despite the fact that Omsk residents highly rated the state of roads, medicine and culture separately, the overall assessment of the quality of life turned out to be the lowest among all the cities studied.

Our neighbors from Tyumen and Novosibirsk also rated their overall quality of life below individual indicators. Tyumen residents were in 26th place, and Novosibirsk residents were already in 63rd. Although, according to the total rating of all six categories, these cities took 3rd and 12th places, respectively. Kazan and Grozny topped the rating.

Tourism development. 11th of 63

Based on the results of the All-Russian Tourism Award "Route of the Year" in 2019, a rating of the regions most actively involved in the development of tourism was compiled. In total, this year more than 500 projects from 63 regions of the country were submitted for participation in the award.

The first three places were taken by the Nizhny Novgorod region, Moscow and Udmurtia. Omsk was also at the top of the rating, taking 11th place. Beyond the Urals, more attention is paid to the development of tourism only in Buryatia. But Tyumen, which does not have a rich history, closed the list, gaining only one point. Novosibirsk did not apply for a single tourism development project for the award and did not make it into the rating at all.

Population migration. 10th out of 10

According to Novosibirskstat, in the outgoing year the Omsk Region was the last in the Siberian Federal District in terms of the ratio of residents who arrived and left. Over the nine months of this year, more than 45 thousand people left our region, and less than 37 thousand arrived. Thus, the absolute population decline was 8.5 thousand people, which is 2.5 thousand more than the average for the Siberian Federal District.

But people, on the contrary, go to neighboring Novosibirsk. In the first 9 months of the outgoing year, 7 thousand more people settled there than left.

Resettlement of compatriots. 1st of 10

But in terms of the number of compatriots who came from abroad, our region is confidently leading in Siberia and occupies the 7th place overall among all regions of Russia. Over the past ten years, more than 35 thousand people from near and far abroad have moved to our region. This year alone, more than 2 thousand compatriots who previously lived in other countries moved to us.