Crane stacker electric rack. Crane stacker pavement electric suspended for racks. Stacker crane options

A stacker crane is an indispensable mechanism for moving objects and goods in warehouses, in commercial warehouses. Also applicable in agricultural bases with an equipped shelving system. They differ in different control principles, design and type of operation. In warehouses in other industrial facilities, they are often used.

The principle of operation of the stacker crane

Rack Stacker Crane

Special equipment is able to easily move between racks and quickly lift loads to a height of up to 18 m. It has a small carrying capacity within 1-5 tons. Differs in low cost, simplicity of service. It is used in small warehouses, providing a high speed of work on the movement and location of goods. Outperforms conventional forklifts in terms of quality.

Overhead Stacker Features

A specialized suspended stacker crane is a supporting structure fixed above the racks. Allows for the minimum time to carry out the lifting and moving of goods. It takes up little space and has a reinforced support for reliable and safe use. The movement of goods in this type is carried out along horizontal beams.

Differences of Overhead Stacker Crane

Overhead stacker cranes are a fixed structure along which a trolley with loads is moved. They are equipped with special equipment for working with different objects: forks, tilters. Bridge model rails are attached directly to the shelving, so they can only be used on solid structures: adding weight to the shelving reduces the safety of their operation. But the electric stacker crane allows you to do the job several times faster.

The carrying capacity of bridge models varies from 5 to 50 tons.

In the presence of a programmable module, it is able to place according to the established rules. The maximum lifting height is about 16 m.

Average cost of stackers

The price of special equipment depends on its operational features. The greater the number of components (for bridge types) and the greater the load capacity of the model, the higher the price category. The average cost is about 0.5 million rubles. Significantly different for shelving (cheaper) and bridge types. For example, for an overhead crane stacker with a capacity of 5 tons, the price will depend on the size features, equipment and type of control.

Timely maintenance is a prerequisite for any type of cranes. To study the state of equipment and its repair, a specialist working with this type of installation is invited. It is important that the automated stacker crane has a fully operational condition: if the system elements break down, expensive repairs will be required. Particular attention must be paid to the integrity of the mechanisms and the top coat. They ensure complete safety of use and durability of the model.

Overhead stacker cranes

There are several types of overhead stacker cranes for long loads. For the mechanization of large metal warehouses, specialized overhead stacker cranes with multi-section telescopic columns equipped with traverses with fork grips are used. On fig. 1 shows an overhead stacker crane for long loads with a lifting capacity on a fork of 5 tons, on a hook of 12.5 tons, manufactured by the TAKRAF association (GDR).

The stacker crane has a support type bridge, along which a trolley with a rotating four-section telescopic column moves, equipped with a traverse with four forks for capturing packages with rolled metal weighing up to 5 tons. At the bottom of the traverse there is a hook used to lift loads weighing up to 12.5 tons The operator's cabin is installed on the traverse.

The stacker crane column consists of three movable sections and one (upper) fixed section fixed on the trolley turntable. A traverse with forks is rigidly attached to the lower section of the column. Two blocks for cargo ropes are installed at the ends of the traverse. The forks are located symmetrically with respect to the blocks, so that both cargo ropes are loaded evenly when lifting and transporting goods. When lifting the traverse, first, the lower section of the column, rigidly connected to it, rises, then simultaneously the lower and middle sections, and, finally, all three sections rise simultaneously. All three sections go inside the upper, fixed section, and in this form the column has a small length.

Rice. 1. An overhead stacker crane for long loads, manufactured by the TAK .RAF association (GDR) with a lifting capacity of 5 tons on a fork and 12 tons on a hook;
a - general view of the forklift; b - trolley with krdontsdy

The telescopic design of the column allows the stacker crane to move over the stacks and load and unload onto vehicles, including railway platforms and gondola cars. With the help of a hook, bundles of metal weighing up to 12.5 tons can be removed from the wagons, which are then laid on the floor of the warehouse, equipped with a special flooring. Next, the bundles are divided into packages weighing up to 5 tons and placed in lodgements, giving the packages the necessary shape for subsequent stacking in racks. Then the packages are tied up and placed in a rack with the help of forks of a stacker crane.

The TAK .RAF stacker crane is versatile. They can stack metal packages in racks, load and unload cars, railway platforms and gondola cars using forks or a hook. The disadvantages include a large mass of the crane and an insufficiently high utilization rate of the warehouse volume. Thus, the dimensions of the passages between the racks serviced by the TAKRAF stacker crane are 2.4 m, and the height of the load in the racks is 7.0 m at a room height of 15 m. traverses. The crane cabin is freely installed on the lifting beam. When the permissible speed of lowering the traverse is exceeded (when the ropes break or the lifting mechanism fails), the cabin is separated from the traverse and hangs on its own load-bearing ropes.

Overhead stacker cranes with multi-section telescopic columns are also used in warehouses for finished products of metallurgical plants, in large metal warehouses, where metal is stored in stacked bags. Gaskets are placed between the packages for the passage of forks. On fig. 2 shows an overhead stacker crane for long loads, equipped with a three-section telescopic column and a traverse with four horizontally rotating forks. When taking cargo from a stack, the forks are rotated along the traverse. The load grab is lowered into the passage between the packages, after which the forks are rotated 90° and positioned across the packages. Then the load is picked up by all four forks, lifted and transferred to trucks or railway platforms. There, the package is placed on the spacers, the forks are again turned parallel to the traverse and the forklift is lifted and moved after the next package. The fork rotation drives and control devices that fix the position of the forks are located on the traverse of the forklift. The column rotation mechanisms of overhead stacker cranes for long loads are powerful enough to turn full size packages.

Rice. 2. An overhead stacker crane for long loads, equipped with a multi-section telescopic column and a load beam with rotating forks

Overhead stacker cranes for long loads, equipped with two rigid fixed columns, between which the loading platform with telescopic grippers moves, are highly specialized cranes designed for stacking the same type of goods in bundles or pallets. The use of telescopic grippers allows you to maximize the use of storage volumes, since the dimensions of the stacking aisles are equal to the width of the telescopic grippers (packages). Stacker cranes of this type are manufactured for processing rolled metal up to 12 m long. Further increase in the length of stored rolled metal entails a significant increase in the mass of the loading platform, an increase in the number of cargo grips and, as a result, an increase in the power of the lifting drive, the mass of the trolley and the mass of the entire crane.

Depending on the length of the processed cargo, there can be two to four telescopic grippers. With a rolled length of up to 6 m, two telescopic grips are installed, with a length of 7-8 m - three, and with a length of 9-10 m - four telescopic grips. On fig. 48 and 49, and show overhead stacker cranes for long loads with a lifting capacity of 3.5 tons from Pianelli Traversa (Italy), designed for processing rolled products up to 6 m long. The stacker crane has a loading platform equipped with two telescopic grippers operating from one drive . The platform with the help of a hydraulic cylinder moves between the columns of the stacker crane. During its movement, it picks up the operator's cab, which moves along the guides made of pipes. The columns are interconnected from below, from above they are rigidly attached to the crane trolley.

The bridge of the stacker crane is characterized by widely spaced main beams, between which the columns are located. The design of the main units of the stacker crane, including telescopic grippers, is similar to the same units of stacker cranes for packaged cargo. A stacker crane processes rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals bundled into packages. With the help of telescopic grippers, packages are removed from the loading devices and stacked in racks with cantilever shelves. The distance between the racks does not exceed 1 m, due to which a high degree of utilization of the warehouse volume is achieved.

Stacker cranes of the type under consideration can be effectively used in metal warehouses with a significant turnover and a range of stored goods.

On fig. 3 shows four main schemes of overhead two-column stacker cranes. Three of them are equipped with columns that are not connected at the bottom. The design of stacker cranes offered by Sepa Ievage (France) is equipped with a two-tier lifting cage.

Rice. 3. Schemes of overhead stacker cranes for long loads with two columns located:
a - inside the beams of the bridge (firms PIANELLI TRAVERSA); b - inside the beams of the bridge with a lifting two-tier cage (firm SEPA LEVAGE); c - outside the bridge beams and equipped with guide rollers in the lower part (DEMAG);

The most promising are stacker cranes manufactured by the Kadievsky machine-building plant. They include the advantages of these designs, but are lighter and more rigid.

A general view of a stacker crane manufactured by the Kadievsky Machine-Building Plant, the design of which was developed by TsKBA, is shown in fig. 4.

Rice. 4. Overhead stacker crane for long loads with a lifting capacity of 5 tons (KMZ)

The stacker crane bridge consists of two half-bridges pivotally connected to each other by longitudinal rods. Each of the half-bridges (which are the main beams of serial overhead hook cranes for general use) rests on end beams equipped with running wheels, and on one of the half-bridges the end beams have only idle wheels, on the other one is idle, the other is driven. Bridge drives are separate, consisting of crane electric motors with a phase rotor, gearboxes of the Ts2 series and shoe brakes. Drive half-bridge is equipped with working platforms and walk-through gallery. The advantage of the bridge design, consisting of two half bridges, is that the load on the running wheels is reduced, and this allows the use of such stacker cranes in warehouses that allow relatively small loads on the crane tracks. In addition, the mass of the bridge is reduced compared to the same crane with four wheels, as a result of the lower mass of the end beams. The installation of the bridge is greatly simplified due to the fact that fully assembled half-bridges (with end beams, running wheels and drives) are installed on crane tracks and then connected by articulated rods. To facilitate the coincidence of the hinges in the rods, the latter are provided with a mounting welded joint.

The trolley of the stacker crane, together with two rigid columns, forms a U-shaped frame that surrounds the bridge from the outside, unlike, for example, the stacker crane from Pianelli Traversa, in which the columns are located between the bridge beams. The design of the trolley, in which the columns are located outside the beams of the bridge, can significantly reduce the total length of the crane, ceteris paribus, and reduce the approaches of the crane to the ends of the span. At the same time, the mass of metal structures is also reduced.

The trolley consists of two beams welded together, supported by two end beams of a conventional design. Hinges for hanging the crane column are installed at the ends of the trolley. Below, between the beams of the bridge, a welded truss is attached to the cart. The truss reinforces the horizontal rigidity of the bogie beams and creates a stiffening knot for additional anchoring of the columns. The latter are connected to the truss by articulated, length-adjustable rods passing under the main beams of the bridge. Trusses and rods improve the conditions for mounting columns and enhance the sealing of columns in the longitudinal direction.

The difficulty of mounting the columns lies in ensuring their strictly vertical position and parallelism with each other. With large crane sizes (trolley length 11 m, column length up to 12 m), the solution of these issues by means of technology at the manufacturing plant is associated with significant difficulties and entails an increase in the cost of cranes. In the described design, the parallelism of the columns is easily ensured during installation. The columns are hung on carts with the help of mounting hinges, then, by adjusting the length of the rods, their installation is checked vertically and relative to one another. After reconciliation of the position of the columns, the upper node of the connection of the columns with the trolley is welded. Rigid sealing of the end of the column in the bogie and additional installation of longitudinal rods connecting the column to the bogie truss, at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the termination node, increase the rigidity of the entire U-shaped frame in the longitudinal direction, which makes it possible to abandon the horizontal connection between the lower ends columns, entailing some loss of the useful height of the warehouse.

The cargo platform is a beam connected to two carriages moving along the columns. Telescopic grips are installed on the beam. Since the stacker crane is designed to process long loads in pallets or packages up to 9 m long, four telescopic grippers are installed on the platform, three of which are connected by one shaft and operate from one drive, the fourth has an independent drive. This is done so that the stacker crane can work in one warehouse with packages up to 9 m long (all four grippers are switched on simultaneously) and with pallets up to 7 m long (three telescopic grippers connected to each other by one drive work).

It is necessary to pay attention to the following. Platforms are suspended on two ropes. After installation and adjustment of the ropes, the platforms remain strictly horizontal for a short time. Due to the uneven stretching of the ropes, the loading platform deviates from the horizontal position and works for a long time with a certain (but acceptable) skew. The columns also deviate from verticality and parallelism with each other (within acceptable limits). In view of this, the design of the undercarriage of the loading platform must provide for elements that compensate for deviations from the nominal positions of the platform and columns within the tolerances for manufacturing and installation. In the described Pianelli Traversa stacker crane, this is done as follows.

The platform is rigidly connected to two carriages, each having four transverse rollers, perceiving the transverse load, which occurs mainly when the grips are extended, and two longitudinal rollers each, perceiving a significant longitudinal inertial load, which occurs during the unsteady movement of the stacker crane. Gaps are provided between the longitudinal rollers and columns, sufficient to compensate for deviations from the verticality of the columns and the loading platform. The guides for the cross rollers are of sufficient width, and when choosing a longitudinal gap in one direction, the cross rollers move along the guides without leaving the desired contact. The advantage of the design is its simplicity. However, it has a very significant drawback.

Rice. 5. Schemes of installation of cargo platforms on overhead stacker cranes for long loads with rigid columns:
a - stacker crane manufactured by PIANELLI TRAVERSA; b - a stacker crane manufactured by the Kadievsky Machine-Building Plant; 1 - column; 2 - guide column; 3 - transverse roller; 4 - longitudinal roller; 5 - cargo platform; 6 - telescopic grip; 7 - lever; 8 - hinge; 9, 10 - carriages; 11 - guides for moving the cabin

consisting in the fact that, as a result of the ziacovariability of the inertial load, the platform, when choosing gaps, strikes first one or the other column. In this case, the rollers wear out intensively.

On a stacker crane manufactured by the Kadievsky Machine-Building Plant, the loading platform is installed differently. It is pivotally connected to one of the carriages, to the other it is suspended on two levers. Hinges and levers have the necessary rigidity in the transverse plane. Longitudinal and transverse rollers cover the guide columns with gaps that do not go beyond the tolerance for the processing of columns in terms of running fit and provide accurate guidance of the carriages along the columns. The non-parallelism of the latter is compensated by the lever. Transverse loads that occur when the load is extended or during the unsteady movement of the trolley or grippers are perceived by two columns. The longitudinal load is taken by one column. In this case, any strikes are excluded.

The operator's cab is designed to meet all the requirements for ensuring good working conditions for the operating personnel. Visibility is achieved by a sufficiently large glazing area and an increase in the size of the cabin in width; the number of instruments and control knobs is kept to a minimum. In particular, the wiring diagram provides for automatic switching on of resistances in the control circuits of the drive motors. The cabin has heat and sound insulation, as well as electric heating, as the stacker crane is designed for use in heated and cold warehouses (at temperatures up to -40 °C).

Rice. 6. The operator's cabin of an overhead stacker crane for long loads manufactured by the Kadievsky Machine-Building Plant

The cabin moves along the column guides separately from the loading platform, but does not have an independent drive. It is picked up by the platform and then moves along with it. The free movement of the platform relative to the cab is 0.6 m. The cab is equipped with safety catchers that are triggered when the lowering speed increases above the nominal one. To control the lowering speed, the stacker crane is equipped with a standard elevator centrifugal speed limiter.

General-purpose overhead stacker cranes with telescopic columns, equipped with special forks for long loads, are most widely used in metal warehouses. Such grips are wider than the grips for packaged goods and are equipped with several forks. The advantage of general-purpose overhead stacker cranes used for processing long loads is their versatility and the ability to load and unload vehicles, as well as a relatively low manufacturing cost, since stacker cranes are mass-produced in large quantities.

On fig. 7 shows an overhead stacker crane used for stacking round bars. The stacker crane uses a fork grip for packaged cargo. To increase the stability of the package with long loads on the forks, the pallets in which the goods are stacked have fork nests. Such a stacker crane can process long-length (palletized) and packaged goods.

Rice. 7. Overhead stacker crane for long loads manufactured by Cleveland Tramrail

Most often, overhead stacker cranes have special grippers for long loads, allowing you to process goods in pallets, bundles or in individual bars. On fig. 54 shows a general-purpose overhead stacker crane with a lifting capacity of 5.0 tons, manufactured by KMZ and used for processing long and sheet materials. It is equipped with a special forklift with four forks, the distance between which is adjustable depending on the size of the processed cargo.

When using general-purpose overhead stacker cranes for processing long loads, it must be taken into account that:
1) the lifting capacity of stacker cranes is reduced, since the mass of grippers for long cargo is greater than the mass of grippers for packaged cargo;
2) long loads create a greater moment of inertia during the rotation of the column than packaged goods of the same mass; therefore, when using overhead stacker cranes for general purposes in metal warehouses, it is recommended to limit the length of the processed metal (6-7 m) and conduct the technological process of handling goods in the warehouse so that the cargo is not turned by the stacker crane, and the column is rotated without cargo;
3) the gaps between the crane and the racks should be increased.

Rice. 8. Overhead stacker crane of general purpose with a lifting capacity of 5 tons, used for processing sheet and long cargo

The possibility of processing long loads is always specified in the passports of stacker cranes.

Overhead specialized stacker cranes are largely the same in terms of technical parameters and design. Their carrying capacity is 3-5 tons, the height of the load is 6-10 m. Stacker cranes are produced for servicing warehouses with spans up to 24 m.

Bridges of stacker cranes, as a rule, are developed and manufactured on the basis of bridge cranes for general use and they have increased base sizes (up to 10-12 m). This is due to the purpose of stacker cranes - for processing long loads. In this case, the bridges are made either according to the usual four-wheel scheme, with end beams increased in length and cross section, or from two half-bridges, in which both main beams rest on end beams equipped with running wheels and are pivotally connected to each other by means of rods.

Rice. 9. Schemes of overhead stacker cranes for long loads with two columns located:
a - inside the beams of the bridge; b - inside the beams of the bridge with a lifting two-tier cargo platform; e - outside the beams of the bridge and equipped with guide rollers in the lower part; d - outside the beams of the bridge, their fastening is reinforced with a truss

One of the most complex units in the design of stacker cranes is a trolley equipped with vertical columns. Due to the relatively large height of the columns (10-12 m) and the distance (8-10 m) between them, the weight of the entire stacker crane, as well as its reliability, largely depends on the design of the trolley.

Schemes of the most characteristic designs of carts are shown in fig. 9. The Pianelli traverse stacker crane has a trolley made in the form of a beam, on which two columns are vertically mounted, the lower ends of which are connected by a longitudinal beam (Fig. 3.2, a). The connection of the lower ends of the columns with each other makes it possible to increase the longitudinal rigidity of the columns, since this forms a closed rectangular frame that works well with longitudinal loads that occur during the start-up and braking of the stacker crane. The columns pass between the beams of the bridge. However, a significant disadvantage of this design is the increase in the lower dead zone, since the cargo platform, together with the longitudinal beam, occupy a large height (1.2-1.5 m), which is not used for cargo installation.

The location of the columns inside the beams of the bridge also cannot be considered rational, since with a large distance between the columns, determined by the length of the processed cargo, the width of the bridge increases, as well as its mass.

The Zepa Levage stacker crane has a trolley made in the form of a beam with two columns passing between the beams of the bridge. The cargo platform is two-tiered and has two purposes: its two tiers create a closed spatial rectangular frame, sufficiently rigid in the longitudinal and transverse directions; on the upper tier of the platform, it is possible to transport and install loads in the rack. The disadvantage of the design of the loading platform is a decrease in the height of the load by a stacker crane due to the installation of the second tier, an increase in the dead weight of the loading platform, and the complexity of the design. To create the necessary rigidity of the columns, it is necessary to strengthen their section in the longitudinal direction, as well as the section of the upper beam of the bogie, which significantly increases the mass of the entire bogie structure.

The Demag stacker crane has a trolley made in the form of a beam, at the ends of which two columns are vertically installed, covering the main beams of the bridge from the outside. At the same time, the dimensions and weight of the bridge are significantly reduced. As in the previous version, it is necessary to strengthen the sections of the columns and the upper beam of the bogie in order to create the required rigidity of the columns in the longitudinal direction. To increase the transverse rigidity, the columns are equipped with guide rollers that roll along the guide tracks located on the floor of the warehouse, along the aisles between the racks. With this solution, metal consumption increases (the presence of guides) and certain difficulties are created when the stacker crane enters the inter-shelf aisle.

The most promising design of the stacker crane of the Stakhanov Machine-Building Plant, which has a trolley in the form of a beam, at the ends of which two columns are vertically installed, covering the main beams of the bridge from the outside. Keeping the advantages of the previous scheme, the stacker crane does not have its disadvantages. Strengthening the sealing of columns to the bogie beam is achieved by installing an additional truss under the bogie beam, connected by articulated rods to the columns directly under the bridge beams. With this design, a minimum consumption of metal is achieved, and the lifting height of the load does not decrease.

Rice. 10. Overhead stacker crane type () KD-5.0

Overhead stacker crane OKD -5.0 with a lifting capacity of 5 tons of the Stakhanov Machine-Building Plant consists of a bridge, a trolley and a loading platform connected to the operator's lifting cabin. The stacker crane bridge consists of two half-bridges pivotally connected to each other by longitudinal rods. Each of the half-bridges (the main beams of overhead hook cranes of general use) rests on end beams equipped with running wheels, and on one of the half-bridges the end beams have only idle wheels, on the other - one idle, the other drive. The bridge drives are separate, consisting of crane electric motors with a phase rotor, gearboxes of the Ts2 series and shoe brakes. Drive half-bridge is equipped with working platforms and walk-through gallery. With this design of the bridge, the load on the running wheels is reduced, and this makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the running wheels and use these stacker cranes in warehouses that allow relatively small loads on the crane tracks. In addition, the mass of the bridge is reduced compared to the same crane with four wheels, as a result of the lower mass of the end beams. The installation of the bridge is greatly simplified due to the fact that the assembled half-bridges (with end beams, running wheels and drives) are installed on crane tracks and then connected by articulated rods.

To facilitate the coincidence of the hinges in the rods, the latter are provided with a mounting welded joint.

The stacker crane trolley, together with two columns, forms a U-shaped frame that surrounds the bridge from the outside.

The trolley consists of two beams welded together, supported by two end beams. Hinges for suspension of crane columns are installed at the ends of the trolley. From below, between the beams of the bridge, a welded truss is attached to the bogie, which strengthens the horizontal rigidity of the beams of the bogie and creates a stiffening unit for additional fastening of the columns. The latter are connected to the truss by articulated, length-adjustable rods passing under the main beams of the bridge. Trusses and rods improve the conditions for mounting columns and enhance the sealing of columns in the longitudinal direction.

When mounting columns, it is difficult to ensure their strictly vertical position, especially with large lengths of the cart (11 m) and columns (up to 12 m), as well as parallelism between them. The parallelism of the columns is easily ensured during installation. The columns are hung on carts with the help of mounting hinges, by adjusting the length of the rods, their installation is checked vertically and relative to one another. After reconciliation of the position of the columns, the upper node of the connection of the columns with the trolley is welded. Rigid termination of the end of the column in the bogie and additional installation of longitudinal rods connecting the column to the bogie truss, at a distance of 2 m from the termination unit, increase the rigidity of the entire U-shaped frame in the longitudinal direction. This eliminates the use of a horizontal connection between the lower ends of the columns, which entails underutilization of the useful height of the warehouse. The space of the welded truss is used to install cabinets with electrical equipment, which are conveniently approached from the bridge gallery, located on the inside of the bridge beams.

The cargo platform is a beam connected to two carriages moving along the columns. Telescopic grips are installed on the beam. The stacker crane is designed to process long loads in pallets or packages up to 9 m long, therefore four telescopic grippers are installed on the platform, three of which are connected by one shaft and operate from one drive, the fourth has an independent drive. This allows the stacker crane to work in one warehouse with packages up to 9 m long (all four grippers are switched on simultaneously) and with pallets up to 7 m long (three telescopic grippers connected to each other by one drive work).

Rice. 11. Trolley crane stacker OKD -5.0:
1 - beam; 2 - additional farm; 3 - cabinet with electrical equipment; 4 - left trolley movement drive; 5 - terminal box; 6 - load limiter, left; 7 - lifting drive; 8 - platform; 9 - terminal box; 10 - right load limiter; 11 - movement drive right; 12 - brackets for fastening the column; 13 - deflecting blocks

If the platforms are suspended on two ropes, then after installation and adjustment of the ropes, they remain strictly horizontal for a short time. As a result of uneven elongation of the ropes, the loading platform deviates from the horizontal position and works with a certain (permissible) deviation for a long time. The columns also have deviations (within acceptable limits) from verticality and parallelism. In view of this, in the design of the guide rollers of the loading platform, elements must be provided that compensate for deviations from the nominal positions of the platform and columns.

In the Pianelli Traversa stacker crane, this is done as follows. The loading platform is rigidly connected by carriages with four transverse rollers each, which perceive the transverse load that occurs when the telescopic grippers are extended, and two longitudinal rollers each, which perceive the longitudinal inertial load that occurs when the stacker crane is started and braked. Gaps are provided between the longitudinal rollers and columns, sufficient to compensate for deviations from the verticality of the columns and the horizontality of the loading platform. The guides for the cross rollers are of sufficient width, and when the longitudinal clearance is selected in one direction, the cross rollers are displaced along the guides without leaving the required contact. The advantage of the design is its simplicity. However, it has a significant drawback, which consists in the fact that, as a result of the alternation of the inertial load, the platform strikes first in one direction, then in the other. In this case, the rollers wear out intensively.

On a stacker crane manufactured by the Stakhanov Machine-Building Plant, the loading platform is installed differently. It is hinged to one of the carriages, and to the other by two levers. Hinges and levers have the necessary rigidity in the transverse plane. Longitudinal and transverse rollers cover the guide columns and ensure precise movement of the carriage along them. The gaps do not go beyond the tolerance for the processing of columns in running fit.

Rice. 12. Schemes of installation of cargo platforms on overhead stacker cranes for long loads with rigid columns:
a - a stacker crane manufactured by Pianelli Traverse; b - stacker crane manufactured by the Stakhanov Machine-Building Plant; 1 - column; 2 - guide column; 3 - transverse roller; 4 - longitudinal roller; 5 - cargo platform; 6 - telescopic grip; 7 - lever; 8 - hinge; 9, 10 - carriages; And - guides for moving the cabin

Deviation of columns from parallelism is compensated by a lever. The transverse loads that occur when the load is extended and during the unsteady movement of the trolley or grippers are perceived by two columns. The longitudinal load is taken by one column - the left one. In this case, any strikes are excluded.

Telescopic grippers are similar in design to the grippers used on stacker cranes for packaged cargo. Three-section grippers move under the action of a rack and pinion mechanism.

The operator's cabin is made taking into account all the requirements for ensuring the necessary working conditions for the service personnel. Visibility is achieved by a large glass area and an increase in the width of the cab; the number of instruments and control knobs is kept to a minimum. In particular, the wiring diagram provides for automatic switching on of resistances in the control circuits of the drive motors. The cabin has heat and sound insulation, as well as electric heating, as the stacker crane is designed for use in heated and cold warehouses (at temperatures up to -40 °C).

The cabin moves along the column guides separately from the loading platform, but does not have an independent drive. For this, the column has specially processed guides, and the cabin has four pairs of longitudinal and two pairs of transverse rollers. Stops are installed on the cab, interacting with brackets mounted on the cargo platform. When the load platform is raised, the cab remains stationary until the load platform brackets catch the cab stops.

Rice. 13. The operator's cabin of the overhead stacker crane SZD -5.0 for long loads with a lifting capacity of 5 tons

Further lifting of the cargo platform and cab is carried out jointly. The free wheeling of the cargo platform is 600 mm. At the same time, the underutilization of the lifting height is minimal.

The operator's cab is equipped with safety gears that operate from centrifugal speed limiters, which are triggered when the lowering speed increases by 25-40% of the nominal one. Interlocks are provided that turn off the drives of the stacker crane when the cabin door is opened and when the load limiters are triggered and the rope is loosened.

Overhead stacker cranes for long loads are usually operated by operators from the cab. However, stacker cranes with automatic control are also known, for example, a stacker crane for long loads with automatic control (capacity 5 tons), manufactured by Pianelli Traverse for a metal warehouse. The stacker crane has a bridge with a span of 22.5 m, moving along crane runways located at a height of 8.15 m from the floor level. The bridge consists of two half-bridges pivotally connected to each other by rods. The cart is a closed rectangular frame, the columns of which are located between the beams of the bridge. The loading platform is also made in the form of a rectangular frame, on the lower beam of which two telescopic grippers are installed, designed for processing rolled metal up to 9 m long. The stacker crane is controlled by the operator from the cab or automatically. To do this, on the middle part (along the height) of one of the columns, a stationary operator's cabin is installed, which is an open platform with side rails. The entrance to the cabin is by stairs. A platform is installed above the cab, which serves for maintenance of the lifting drive. The automatic control system allows, at the command of the operator from the stationary console, to install or remove goods from the racks. An automatic stacker crane is significantly more expensive than similar manual stacker cranes. The economic effect is achieved as a result of an increase in productivity associated with a more accurate operation of the mechanisms under automatic control, and an improvement in the working conditions of the operator.

TO Category: - Stacker Cranes

Stacker - a vehicle that is equipped with a mechanism for lifting, moving goods that are adapted for transportation by different modes of transport, and stacking (that is, transporting and storing goods with their installation on top of each other).

A stacker is needed for stacking goods in the form of stacks or racks in several tiers

You need to understand the difference between "forklifts" and "stackers":

A forklift can act as a stacker, only it is designed for a wider range of jobs. Apparently, the origin of stackers came from forklifts, but now floor stacking equipment is diverse and very different from conventional forklifts, and this cannot be combined.

Floor stackers come in several types, which differ in different design features.

According to the type of drive of the load-lifting device, stackers are divided into:

hydraulic with manual drive;
electromechanical;
electrohydraulic.

According to the method of balance, they come with supporting consoles, which are located under the forks of the stacker and with a counterweight. It is important to remember that, as a rule, both methods of stacker balancing are used.

According to the presence or absence of a drive of the movement mechanism, self-propelled with an electric drive and without a drive of the movement mechanism are distinguished.

According to the method of controlling the movement of a stacker, there are:

accompanied (slave, leash);
with retractable footboard;
with cab for the operator.

Stackers are classified according to the loading method: with frontal and side loading.

For the type of lifting mechanism, stackers are distinguished without free lifting of the forks and with free lifting of the forks.

The main types of stackers:

manual hydraulic carts;
manual hydraulic stackers;
electric stackers.

The simplest type of hydraulic stacker is the hand pallet truck. It lifts the load and can work exclusively with single-tier racks. They are also easy to learn, repair and operate. Manual hydraulic carts do not require high-quality flooring, are not whimsical and are used outdoors.

Manual hydraulic stackers are easy to design, repair, operate and master. They are also affordable - not expensive

Stackers are light, compact and do not require energy. The hydraulic system of the stacker is available with a manual or foot drive. It can also be equipped with a dropping device for a softer lowering of the load to the floor. The disadvantage is leakage and leakage.

Stackers are indispensable in the warehouse for lifting and lowering goods, as well as their movement over a short distance.

Electric stackers can be self-propelled models equipped with a folding platform, driven by a foot operator, or they will have an electrified raise / lower function. This class of stacking equipment includes such electric stackers: self-propelled driven electric stackers, self-propelled electric stackers with a place intended for the operator, self-propelled electric stackers with a folding footboard.

Among the family of overhead electric cranes, stacker cranes occupy a special place due to their narrow specialization. They are intended exclusively for work in warehouses. It can be any warehouse where packaged goods are placed on racks or high-rise floors.

The bridge type stacker crane is an ordinary crane bridge equipped with a movable cargo trolley with a vertical type forklift. The lifting mechanism is equipped with a fork or a special grip for the load. Special grippers are devices for working with pipes, rolls, drums and bulk materials.

An overhead stacker crane moves along crane rail tracks, which are installed on the structural elements of buildings or on racks if they have a rigid structure. The service area of such cranes, as a rule, includes the entire space of the warehouse. Several rows of racks or multi-tier stacking are served by one crane installation.

Basic models of overhead stacker cranes

Of the entire range of stacker crane models, the overhead electric overhead stacker crane has one of the most optimal designs. Different models of cranes have different lengths of horizontal crossbeams and differ in design.
Overhead electric overhead stacker crane with a bearing beam width of up to 8 meters is equipped with a bearing bridge made of an I-beam profile. With a wider span, the bridge has a truss tubular spatial structure.

All crane mechanisms are electrified and equipped with frequency drive controllers, like conventional bridge crane mechanisms. This allows you to change the horizontal speed of the crane beams and the movement of the load carriage along two axes very smoothly and independently of each other. Any jerks, shocks or rocking of the load are excluded.

The average technical characteristics of stacker overhead cranes lie within:

Load capacity: 0.5 - 2t;
Bridge span length: 2.5 - 16.5m;
Lifting height: 2.8 - 6m;
Bridge travel speed: 0.25m/s;
Management - from the floor;
Load lifting speed: 0.13m/s;
Column turning speed: 9 rpm;
The average speed of the trolley: 0.09m/s.

The crane column for the warehouse is equipped with a forklift, designed for the dimensions of a standard pallet. Rotary columns work in a circular sector of capture and delivery of cargo up to 360 degrees. The forks of the loader are in most cases of the conventional type. The supply of pallets or packages is carried out by moving the column along the horizontal beam of the bridge.

Features of the operation of stacker cranes

The stackers for the warehouse move along the suspended type rail tracks made of an I-beam. Such paths are fixed not only on the load-bearing structural elements of the warehouse floors, but also on the upper edges of the rack structures, which must have a rigid frame structure. For maintenance of drive-in racks, overhead cranes can be equipped with lifting structures with retractable forks or hydraulic outriggers.

When servicing gravity type racks, lifts can be equipped with roller tables to quickly move packages during loading and unloading. The rack crane can serve up to 10 rows of racks up to 6 meters high. At the same time, it is controlled by one operator using a ground-based push-button console of a stationary or suspended type.

The electrical equipment of the cranes is powered by a 380 or 220 V network. The electric motors for moving the crane beam can be installed on one or two carriages. It depends on the width of the crane span and its lifting capacity. In some designs, the lifting column is equipped with a roller chassis that moves along the floor of the warehouse. This increases the stability of the structure.

With a large volume of cargo turnover and the need for fast cargo handling, electric stacker overhead cranes can be equipped with two columns that work independently or in paired mode. They can be connected by horizontal bars.

The use of stacker cranes is justified in warehouses with constant movement of goods and large stationary cargo flows included in the production process cycle. They lose to mobile stackers and forklifts in the ability to instantly change the operating mode, but they significantly win in terms of the volume of goods handled and energy costs.

Types of stacker cranes

A stacker crane is a cyclic hoisting and transport machine moving along rail tracks and equipped with a vertical column along which a cargo grip or a special platform moves. There are overhead and rack stacker cranes. For the former, the column is attached to a trolley moving along the bridge, for the latter, the column is mounted on a trolley and moves along crane tracks.

On fig. 1, a shows a diagram of an overhead stacker crane, including a crane bridge 3, along which a trolley moves with a vertical column fixed to it. The column is most often made swivel and equipped with guides for moving the cargo grip 6. The stacker crane moves along rail tracks mounted on racks or on the building structures of the building.

Overhead stacker cranes can be of supporting and suspension types. The duty cycle of a stacker crane depends on the layout of the warehouse. With regard to layout, the duty cycle of an overhead stacker crane for loading racks consists of bringing the grab under the load in front of the front of the racks, lifting to a small height, turning the column, moving the trolley to the aisle between the racks, moving along the aisle to the desired section (which can be combined with lifting to the selected tier), stopping the gripper with the load opposite the selected cell, slightly above its shelves, entering the load into the rack cell, lowering the gripper slightly below the level of the cell shelves (while the load remains on the shelves) and withdrawing the gripper into the aisle. The racks are unloaded in the reverse order. On fig. 1, and the arrows show the directions of movement of the stacker crane.

Overhead stacker cranes serve large areas of warehouses on which racks or stacks of goods are located. Overhead stacker cranes are used not only for stacking goods in warehouses, but also for moving goods from warehouses to production facilities, if both are located close to each other and under the same roof, as well as for performing certain operations in the main technological process, for example maintenance of assembly lines, pickling departments, etc. Overhead stacker cranes are universal loading and unloading machines, they can serve various types of cargo. Therefore, along with forks, overhead stacker cranes are equipped with special grips that allow you to carry and turn loads, empty containers and perform other operations.

Rice. 1. Diagrams of stacker cranes:
a - bridge; b - rack

Load-lifting machines, called stacker cranes, are widely used. A rack stacker crane is a trolley that moves along rail tracks in the aisle between two rows of racks and is equipped with a vertical column (frame) equipped with guides for a lifting platform on which a cargo grip and an operator's cabin are installed. The arrows in Fig. 1b shows the movements of a stacker crane.

Rack stacker cranes, as a rule, serve two racks, between which there is a passage for the movement of the crane. Overhead and rack stacker cranes are controlled by a crane operator or remotely.

A schematic classification of stacker cranes is shown in fig. 3. The rapid development of the considered cranes is explained by the increasing demand for warehouse equipment, as well as the positive qualities of such cranes. Stacker cranes improve the use of storage space. While floor loaders and stackers require aisles of 2.2-2.5 m wide, for overhead stacker cranes aisles can be 1.5 m wide for floor-operated cranes and 1.8-2.2 for cranes operated from from the cab, and for rack stacker cranes only 1.0-1.3 m.

Overhead stacker cranes make it possible to increase the useful height of warehouses up to 100 m, rack cranes - up to 30 m. An increase in the height of warehouses is a significant reserve for reducing capital costs. With an increase in height, the cost of 1 m3 of a building decreases, as well as the length of transport lines and utilities, and the amount of equipment required.

Stacker cranes are characterized by high performance. With their use, ample opportunities open up for automating the process of warehousing and transporting goods.

Rice. 2. Classification of stacker cranes

If we assume that when servicing with electric floor stackers, the volume of the warehouse is used by 100%, then when rack storage of goods in warehouses served by overhead stacker cranes, the warehouse is used by 165%, and when served by rack stacker cranes - by 180-200 %. With the use of stacker cranes, the cost of maintaining warehouses, as well as the number of staff, are reduced. At the same time, it becomes possible to streamline the storage of various materials, eliminate manual labor and ensure greater safety of operation.

TO Category: - Stacker Cranes