How to build a frame house step by step instructions. Do-it-yourself frame house: step-by-step assembly instructions with a photo. We build a frame house on a pile-screw foundation

With a limited budget, many decide to build a house on their own. We will not dissuade you from such a decision. This is really a bold step that will require a lot of strength and knowledge from you. Well, if construction is not just a hobby for you, and you are familiar with most of the operations. But what if this is your first experience? What technology to choose for construction? Where to begin? What elements of the house require special attention? Frame structures are perfect for building a house with your own hands. We will try to figure out how to build such a frame house with our own hands, step-by-step instructions will help you with this.

This is a building whose walls are built on the basis of a wooden frame. The walls, floor and ceiling of such houses are made up of dissimilar materials, which is also called "pie" by experts.

The frame structure has many advantages, such as high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness of the construction process, low weight. But why do we recommend this particular technology in the case of building a house with our own hands?

Firstly, if the question arose in favor of building on your own for financial reasons, then a frame house will help you save a lot of money. After all, such a building of a similar area and purpose will bypass 35-40% cheaper than a log house made of logs or timber and almost 2 times cheaper than a brick structure.
Secondly, the low weight of the house will require a less complex foundation. Even in the case of pouring a strip foundation, you can do all the work yourself. The light weight of the house as a whole also indicates the low weight of individual structures. In the case of assembling the frame on the building site, you only need a pair of auxiliary hands to install the building under the roof.
Thirdly, the construction of such houses will require only a standard set of tools for carpentry work: a saw, a level, a hammer, a screwdriver or a drill, a construction stapler. In the case of work with some types of finishes, an additional tool may be required, but we have already named the main set for you. The construction of a frame house does not require the involvement of heavy special equipment.
Fourthly, even without special skills, but carefully following the installation instructions for each element of the frame, you can build a reliable and comfortable home for both summer and year-round use.

Building a frame house: step by step

Before proceeding with construction, it should be mentioned that frame technology is conditionally divided into North American and Scandinavian types. At some stages of work, these types of frames are almost identical, and at some they require special attention.

The Finnish house is assembled on the basis of a timber frame. The walls are sheathed inside and outside with finishing or rough finishing materials. The wall is filled with mineral insulation.

The Canadian house is also built on a timber frame (sometimes without a frame). The key difference is the insulation used: these are polystyrene-based organic insulation. It is a mistake to say that the Canadian frame house is built only on the basis of SIP panels. This is just one of the options for the construction of such frames.

So, you can start building a frame house step by step.

Design work

First of all, you should spend time drawing up a detailed project of the future home. It is important to discuss with each of the household elements of the house, necessary for convenience and comfort. It is also necessary to draw up a project for the location of the building on your site.

Design work can be divided into several stages:

Selection of building site.
Choosing the destination of the future home and a preliminary calculation of the dimensions. It is necessary to decide whether it will be a country house or a place of permanent residence. It is necessary to calculate the approximate financial possibilities. In the case of building a residential building with your own hands, its turnkey cost will be from 15,000 rubles. per 1 square meter (depending on technology, number of floors and finishing options).
Selecting a project for construction. A lot of projects of frame houses can be found on the Internet. Most developers' websites also indicate the cost of building a turnkey project. If you are satisfied with the indicated cost and the project as a whole, then you can take it into service. We do not recommend redrawing the project on your own without knowledge in the construction business. It is important to understand that the construction of a large house will require not only a facade project and building layout. Prior to construction, it is necessary to have a set of drawings for each element of the building and communications. It is important to have a project of engineering systems at home, because most of their elements are laid inside the walls, floor and ceiling even at the stage of wall construction.
Estimate the necessary materials and search for suppliers. Continuous site operations will require a steady supply of materials. It is better to conclude the necessary supply contracts even before the start of work. This will allow you to avoid many problems.

In addition to work with the project and the purchase of materials, we recommend that you conduct a geological survey of soils. This is necessary for the correct choice of the type of foundation. It is also important to solve problems with sewerage and water supply. The arrangement of the septic tank is often carried out before the start of other work. The water supply of a private house is often solved with the help of a well, for this it is also necessary to survey the site by specialists. You may have to move the location of the house.

So, you have in your hands a project and a clear drawing of all the elements of your home. The layout of the arrangement of your site is marked. Problems with the supply of materials were resolved. You can consider yourself ready to start work on the site.

Foundation installation

Having a detailed project and estimate for materials, you can calculate the approximate weight of your building. This is important for the correct calculation of the foundation. The foundation is one of the most important stages of work, the life of your home will depend on its reliability. Therefore, it is important to know the bearing capacity of soils. Depending on it and the total weight of the house, the required area of \u200b\u200bthe support of the building is calculated. After that, it remains to choose the type of foundation: columnar, pile, tape, base on screw piles, monolithic slab. Consider the order of work on each of the options.

Column Foundation

The columnar foundation is used for one-story houses on solid ground. The basis for the grillage are concrete pillars or asbestos-cement pipes.

Work order. The site is cleared, markings are made with the help of twine and pegs at the installation sites of the pillars. Depending on the length of the column, pits are dug, on the bottom of which a sand cushion at least 15 cm thick is filled up and rammed. Next, the pillars are installed with the adjustment of the sand cushion to install the pillars at one level. Now you can fill up and compact the soil around the post. A grillage for a columnar foundation is usually the lower trim of a house made of timber. Before laying the timber, a layer of waterproofing is laid on each post: roofing material or glassine.

Pile foundations

Pile foundations are conditionally divided into bored and reinforced concrete. In the case of work with factory-made reinforced concrete piles, the installation procedure does not differ from the construction of a columnar foundation.

The procedure for working with bored piles. Preparatory work also consists in clearing and marking the pile field. In places where piles are poured, pits are dug or holes are drilled with a diameter of at least 250 mm. Sand is also poured into the holes and primed. After that, formwork is assembled from edged boards, plywood or roofing material. Concrete is poured into which pre-bonded reinforcement is immersed. The ends of the reinforcement rods usually protrude above the plane of the piles for the subsequent fixing of the wooden grillage. In the case of mounting a reinforced concrete grillage, the reinforcement of the horizontal grillage is tied to these pieces of reinforcement. Formwork is also mounted under the grillage. Concrete is poured into the already connected reinforcement. A layer of waterproofing is also laid between the wooden grillage and the pile plane or between the concrete grillage and the Mauerlat.

Foundation on screw piles

The foundation on screw piles is a young technology for the construction of foundations, previously it was used only for military temporary buildings, the construction of marinas and other surface facilities. The essence of the technology lies in the screwing of special hollow pipes with blades at the end, which makes it possible to equip the foundation on any soil. There are screw piles of different diameters and lengths, which makes it possible to use them for almost any building, especially frame houses.

The procedure for working with screw piles. We carry out all the same preparation of the site and its marking. To simplify the start of screwing, pits are dug in at the pile installation sites, removing the sod. Further, with the help of a special head for fastening the levers, these levers are installed and the pile is screwed with constant control of its verticality. A metal platform is welded onto the base of the pile for ease of fixing the grillage. A grillage can serve as the lower trim of a house made of timber or metal.

Strip foundation

Strip foundation means pouring reinforced concrete tape around the entire perimeter of the house and under all supporting structures. For frame houses, a shallow foundation is usually used with a basement height of 200 mm.

Work order. After marking the foundation, they dig a trench with a width of at least 250 mm. At the bottom of the trench, sand is poured and rammed. Next, the formwork is mounted and pre-bonded reinforcement is installed, which is responsible for the bending and breaking strength of the tape. Then the concrete is poured. After the final maturation of the concrete, a layer of waterproofing is laid and the Mauerlat is laid.

slab foundation

A monolithic reinforced slab is poured under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house. It is applied only on superdifficult floating soils.

Work order. A pit is dug according to the markup, a sand cushion is filled up. Reinforcement or a metal mesh is laid, concrete is poured with laying holes for communications.

As you have already noticed, after installing the foundation, a layer of waterproofing and the lower trim of the house are laid, which must be treated with deep penetration antiseptics.

Installation of the lower trim, floor joists and subfloor

Another feature of frame structures is the installation of the floor before the walls are erected. We have already laid the lower trim of the house from the timber on the finished foundation. Now you need to install the floor beams. For this, a bar with a section of 50x150 or 50x200 mm is used. The logs can be sawn into the lower trim beam, installed on top of the lower trim using mounting brackets, or mounted in the same plane with the lower trim (spread) using special beam supports.

In the case of floor insulation with mineral heaters, the logs are installed in increments of 1.5-2 cm less than the overall dimensions of the heater. In the case of insulation with sheets of expanded polystyrene or extrusion - strictly a multiple of the overall size of the sheet. If the floor is covered with floor SIP panels, the step between the joists must be equal to the width of the panels, which must be joined strictly on the joist.

First, extreme lags are installed. The level of the lag itself and the plane between them is controlled. After the level is “caught”, the twine is pulled between the beginning and end of the lag and diagonally between them. Intermediate lags are installed along this twine.

After installing the log, it is necessary to install the subfloor, which serves as the basis for insulation. In the case of installation of floor panels, there is no need for a rough coating. The draft floor can be mounted on top of the log - a board or sheet material (OSB, plywood, chipboard) is laid. In this case, another row of logs is installed on top of the subfloor across the primary floor beams.

Most often, the draft floor is mounted between the floor lags. To do this, a bar with a section of 50x50 or 40x50 mm is fixed to the side surface of the log. It is floored with boards or sheet material. Regardless of the method of laying the subfloor, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid on top of it to remove dew point vapor from the thickness of the insulation (in the case of insulation with mineral heaters) or the joints are sealed when insulated with polystyrene foam.

Floor insulation and flooring

Insulation can be laid in the finished base between the lags (primary or secondary). In the case of mineral insulation, each layer is laid with a shift in the joints of the insulation to avoid cold bridges. When insulating with polystyrene, all joints are foamed. A layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of any insulation. After that, you can immediately mount the finishing or rough floor covering: solid or parquet board, plywood, chipboard, OSB, etc.

Construction and insulation of walls

Walls are a key difference between Finnish and Canadian frame building technology. Therefore, we will consider them separately.

Finnish technology

For the construction of the frame, it is very important to have a strict drawing of each of the walls of the future house. Without this, it is impossible to strictly place all the elements of the frame and trim (window and door openings, communication elements). Each post and horizontal header (reinforcement of openings) must be located in its place. All elements of the framework of load-bearing and intermediate walls are fixed to the floor and to each other with the help of mounting brackets and self-tapping screws. Installation begins with load-bearing racks, intermediate racks are installed between them in a strict plane, controlling their verticality.

After mounting the frame, the inner or outer skin is produced. There are a lot of options for this, and each has strict installation instructions. We will not consider each of them. It is only important to observe the correct "pie": outer skin - vapor-permeable membrane - frame with insulation - vapor barrier film - inner skin. Sometimes a counter-lattice with a thickness of at least 20 mm is laid between the outer skin and the membrane for better ventilation.

Canadian technology

In the case of the construction of a Canadian house based on a frame, no films are laid. Extrusion plates are mounted between the beams, all gaps and joints are carefully sealed with mounting foam.

Separately, it is worth considering the installation of SIP panels. In this case, a cranial bar is sewn onto the finished flooring in strict accordance with the drawing of the panel arrangement. The bar has a section that strictly corresponds to the groove on the underside of the panel. Mounting foam is applied to the surface of the bar and panels are installed. From one of the corners of the house, the installation of panels begins, temporarily securing them with props. The side surface of the panel is also pre-foamed for a snug fit of each element. The final fasteners are made during the installation of the upper trim and ceiling beams.

In the case of installation, ready-made walls are brought to the facility, which are mounted using lifting equipment. The walls are fixed to each other by the upper strapping and ceiling beams.

Ceiling beams and ceiling insulation

The pitch and section of the ceiling beams are selected according to the principle of floor lags. Ceiling logs are also installed according to the floor principle. The ceiling of the first floor serves as the basis for insulation. It is also important to observe the correct "pie" of insulation.

For a house with a cold attic: ground floor ceiling sheathing - vapor barrier - ceiling beams with insulation - vapor-permeable membrane - attic flooring.

For interfloor overlapping: ceiling sheathing of the first floor - vapor barrier - ceiling beams with insulation - vapor barrier - floor covering of the second floor.

Installation of rafters and roofing material

The roof is one of the most complex elements of a frame house. But if you have a detailed and clear drawing indicating the size and location of the puffs, supports and rafter legs, you can completely carry out the installation with your own hands. On the rafters, the lathing is sewn from edged boards or sheet materials, depending on the selected roofing material. Installation of the finishing roof must also be carried out in accordance with the instructions. We will not consider this technology for each roofing material.

Finishing work

After finishing work on the roof, you can start finishing. Frame houses have a high level of preparation for finishing, because often the walls inside and outside are already finished with finishing material, and most of the communication elements are already embedded in the walls.

One of the disadvantages of frame houses is the effect of a thermos. They do not have gas exchange and vapor exchange with the environment, so it is very important to mount ventilation: under the floor, in the walls and under the roofing material. You can find the rules for arranging ventilation for each type of frame on the Internet with detailed drawings of the location of each element.

Conclusion

Of course, a frame house cannot be built based only on this article. We have given you only a direction to study the issue. It will take more than one hour to sit for literature, to study the experience of those people who have traveled this path from beginning to end. But the very fact that there are such people speaks of the possibility of implementing your project.

Among all prefabricated structures, frame houses are the most popular. Such buildings have many advantages. They are quite light, so they do not need a strong foundation. Due to its good thermal insulation qualities, such a house can be used not only as a summer cottage, but also for permanent residence. In addition, frame buildings are easy to build with your own hands, which is why many developers choose this option. In our article, we will describe in detail and step by step how to build a frame house.

Technology

Do-it-yourself frame house construction can be carried out using Finnish or Canadian technology. But the basic principles of building frame houses for both technologies are the same. Regardless of the choice of technology, we build a frame house, adhering to the following sequence:

Choice of materials. The basis of such buildings is the frame. It can be made of wood or steel elements. More often, private developers prefer to build a frame house with their own hands using a wooden frame made of timber. Such buildings are economical, environmentally friendly and quick to install. If you decide to build your house on a steel frame, then its price will be 1/3 more. However, these structures are slightly lighter, which allows for a lightweight foundation. Also on a steel frame, you can safely use steel fasteners.
After the installation of the foundation, they begin to manufacture the floor of the future house. How to make a floor, we will describe in detail in a step-by-step guide.
After the installation of the floor, they begin to erect the frame of the walls, ceilings and roof.
Further, the frame made is sheathed with wood sheet materials. The built house is insulated. Window and door openings are being installed.
Now you can start laying engineering communications and performing exterior and interior wall decoration.

As you can see, the construction technology is quite simple, but to build a frame house with your own hands, you need a construction scheme and drawings. Detailed schemes, according to which it is easy to build a house on your own, can be found on the net, but it is much easier to work on a specially designed project, so do not be lazy and order it. When you have a blueprint or diagram in your hands, figuring out how to build a house will not be difficult with our step-by-step guide.

Preparatory work

When building a frame house with your own hands, work begins with the preparation and marking of the site for construction. Preparatory work includes the following steps:

First you need to clear the construction site of debris, stones, unnecessary green spaces.
If there are irregularities or a slight slope in the territory, then the site must be leveled. That is, all the hills should be cut off, and soil should be poured into the recesses.
Next, you need to mark up the future building on the site. In order to transfer the data from the project documentation to the site, you need to mark the axes and dimensions of the building with the help of pegs and a cord, it is also worth breaking down the internal load-bearing walls. If we are building a frame house with our own hands, then it is very important that all angles are strictly 90 degrees.

Foundation

If you want to know how to properly build a frame house, then first you should familiarize yourself with the foundation sequence. Since the walls of such a building are quite light, there is no need to equip a massive capital foundation. In this case, we build a house on one of the following grounds:

shallow-depth monolithic or prefabricated strip foundation;
columnar base structure;
pile screw bases.

The easiest way is to build a columnar base under a frame house. The pillars must necessarily be located at the corners of the future house, at the intersection of the walls and with a certain step under the external and internal load-bearing walls. Usually the pitch of the pillars is taken equal to 2 m. The installation of the base is carried out in the following order:

Under each post, dig holes of the required depth. To do this, you can use a shovel or motor drill.
At the bottom of the pits, a sand cushion 100-150 mm high is made. Wet sand is carefully compacted.
After that, a wooden formwork is installed. It should rise above ground level by at least 30 cm.
The inner surface of the formwork is lined with roofing material, which will act as a waterproofing and facilitate the dismantling of the formwork.
Concrete is poured into the formwork to a height of 5 cm.
After the concrete mixture has hardened, a reinforcement frame is installed. At the same time, it should not approach the formwork closer than 50 mm. On top of the frame, it is necessary to leave reinforcement outlets 15 cm long, which will make it possible to tie together the structure of the pillars with the grillage.
Concrete is being poured.

Important: in addition to reinforced concrete, poles can be made from ready-made concrete blocks, bricks, steel or asbestos pipes with concrete poured inside.

For the manufacture of the grillage frame, rods with a cross section of 12 mm connected with wire are used. Formwork for grillage is made from boards. After installing the reinforcing cage, it is associated with the release of reinforcement from the pillars. After pouring and tamping the concrete mix, 300-500 mm long studs are inserted into the grillage. They will then attach the frame of the house.

Base binding

After setting the mortar and dismantling the formwork, horizontal waterproofing of the base is performed. To do this, lay two layers of roofing material on bituminous mastic. Usually, a beam with sides of 15 cm is used to perform the strapping.

Attention: the cross section of the strapping beam is directly related to the pitch of the posts. The larger it is, the larger the cross section of the beam is needed to avoid sagging.

If you build frame houses with your own hands, the step-by-step instructions for installing the strapping will definitely come in handy for you:

The bar is mounted on a foundation base along its perimeter. At the same time, they strictly control the length of the walls and constantly check the data with the project. Docking of the beam is allowed if its length is not enough. The joints should be directly above the posts. In the corners and at the docking point, the bars are connected into a “half-tree”, fixed with nails and corners.
The beam is attached to the base with bolts and studs. To do this, holes are drilled in the timber and foundation heads. Fasteners, if possible, should be deepened into the material.

Floor

To know how to build a frame house correctly, you need to understand the process of making the floor of the future structure. For a log, it is worth taking a beam with a section of 100x200 mm. The lag step is selected based on the width of the insulation boards. Usually it is taken equal to 60-70 cm. The logs are attached to the strapping beam with the help of corners and nails.

After that, the installation of the floor is carried out in the following sequence:

We attach cranial bars to the installed lags, and we lay rough roll boards on them.
Then the surface of the log and roll is covered with a waterproofing membrane.
Thermal insulation material is laid on top of the membrane.
From above, the entire structure is closed with a vapor barrier membrane.
Next, the floor is covered with OSB or moisture-resistant plywood.

Walls and ceiling

We continue to make frame houses with our own hands - step-by-step instructions for mounting walls:

For the manufacture of the frame, you can use a beam of coniferous wood. To begin with, it is necessary to assemble the span of the wall at the construction site, and then install the assembled structure on the strapping.
The distance between the racks of the frame is usually determined taking into account the width of the insulation boards that will be laid between them. If mineral wool is used for insulation, then the pitch of the racks should be 1-2 cm less than the width of the heat insulator for its snug fit.
The frame posts are fixed with nails to the lower and upper horizontal element. For additional fixation, you can use mounting brackets.
To increase the rigidity of the frame, jumpers are mounted between the vertical posts. They are staggered.
Window and door openings are equipped in the places specified in the project. To do this, racks are mounted along the edges of the opening, jumpers are mounted above and below the window opening.

After assembling all the spans, they are mounted on the strapping frame in this order:

The first span is attached to the floor and fixed with props.
Next, a second span is installed. It is attached to the floor and the side post of the first span.
All subsequent spans are connected to each other by means of nails.
For the installation of spans in a strictly vertical position, jibs are used - diagonal struts, which are fixed at the corners.

Installation of internal partitions is carried out similarly to the installation of the external frame. After that, the whole structure is tied on top with a board to give additional rigidity. Then the walls from the outside are sewn up with oriented strand boards.

The ceiling is mounted on the upper trim:

To do this, grooves are made in the beam into which the beams are inserted.
They are additionally fixed with nails and steel corners.
Support bars are mounted along the internal partitions. They are connected to the top and bottom trim.
Then the ceiling shield is nailed. It is better to make it from grooved boards.
After that, a vapor barrier layer is laid. The material should also be wound on the ceiling beams.
Now the insulating material is laid out.
The thermal insulation layer is covered with a waterproofing film.
The draft floor is laid from the boards.

Roof

To know how to build a frame house yourself, you need to understand the sequence of arranging the roof:

Rafter pairs are assembled on the ground into a structure, like a truss, and rise up to be installed on the upper strapping bar. The overhang of the rafters should be within 350-500 mm. The first to mount the rafter pairs on the gables.
All subsequent rafter pairs are installed between them in increments of 700 mm from each other.
The rafters are connected by a ridge beam, which is attached to the "paw floor".
Next, a solid or thinned crate is made, which is laid on a waterproofing membrane fixed on the rafters with a counter-rail.
Now you can lay the selected roofing.
At this stage, you can announce to your family members and acquaintances about the completion of the installation of the housing box.

Wall insulation

For insulation of the house, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or polystyrene are used. The thermal insulation layer must be at least 50 mm thick. Insulation and decoration of the walls of the house are carried out in the following order:

Thermal insulation material is laid between the racks of the frame. If two layers of material are used, then the joints of the plates in the layers should not coincide.
From the inside, the walls are covered with a layer of membrane vapor barrier, which is attached over the insulation to the frame racks with a stapler.
Then the walls from the inside of the house are sewn up with OSB, moisture-resistant plywood or clapboard.
From the outside, the walls of the house must be protected from moisture. For this, a waterproofing membrane is attached to them.
Then a crate of slats is stuffed onto the walls, which will allow ventilation of the walls of the frame building.
The selected finishing material is sewn over the rails. For exterior decoration of the facade of a house built using frame technology, you can use vinyl siding, lining, etc.

How to build a frame house with your own hands - video lesson:

The construction of frame structures has long been unusually popular. There is nothing surprising in this. This method of construction is very attractive with a simple technology that allows you to carry out all the work on your own, without resorting to the help of hired workers. And the materials for construction are not too expensive and quite affordable.

However, when determining the type, one should not proceed from the mass of the building alone.

It must also be taken into account on which it is planned to erect a building. If it is clayey, heavy enough, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a solid, monolithic foundation. If the soil has a normal sand content, then it is enough or.

If the homeowner doubts the quality of the soil for construction on his site, then he can clarify its type and composition with the local architectural bureau. Do not neglect without first making sure that you can actually do without it. The proposed construction will use natural material of wood origin. Even fully processed, high-quality material, it is better to avoid prolonged contact with water.

There are two schemes for building a frame house:

All activities are completely self-managed. Ready-made blocks are not used: only original building materials;
erection of a structure from fully finished, completed blocks, which are manufactured industrially.

Consider the first, more democratic option

Scheme of nodes of a frame house: laying the foundation

The material for the roof is selected according to the preferences and capabilities of the owner of the construction site. It can be roofing material, and much more. Like other installation work, the installation of the frame also starts from the corners.

The ends of the roof frame are securely attached to the floor joists. The roof is usually in the shape of an isosceles triangle. The distance between the rafters corresponds to the width of the material that is supposed to be used as insulation or coating.

It is convenient to assemble the roof frame on the surface of the earth, and then lift it up and install it on the house.

Sheathing a frame house with your own hands

Frame Wall Pie Diagram

Cover options may vary. This and more. A durable, waterproof material is laid under the sheathing with a margin of 20-30 cm.

The walls are upholstered with the selected material, then the roof, windows and doors are inserted. The floors are laid last. The boards are hemmed under the laid logs, all the gaps formed between the boards and the logs are filled with insulation.

If there is such an opportunity, then it is better to make the floor insulation two-layer.

First, a layer of foam, followed by mineral wool. When all the insulation is laid out, the floorboards are laid. They are placed perpendicular to the lags. For greater evenness and smoothness of the floor, it can be finished on top with OSB boards or sheets. When the floor is laid, you can proceed to the interior decoration of the walls. All existing gaps between horizontal and vertical lags should be filled with insulation. Special film for superimposed on top. Then sheathing is carried out or.

To make the walls more stable, you will have to install internal braces for both intermediate walls and external ones.

Attachment points for the construction of a frame house

The construction of frame houses is becoming more and more popular in Russia. All new technologies are being introduced into the construction of such structures, and no matter what technology - Finnish or Canadian - a house is being built. In this article, we will tell you how to build a frame house with your own hands, give step-by-step instructions, as well as diagrams, photos and videos of phased construction.

Foundation

Since frame houses are recommended to be built no higher than two floors, a massive foundation is not required for them. A tape, prefabricated from concrete blocks, columnar foundation is suitable. The most important thing is that they fulfill their main purpose - to ensure the rigidity of the frame in space.

To do this, reliable and durable reinforcement is used in a strip foundation, and a wooden or concrete grillage is used in a columnar foundation.

Frame installation

Frame houses are built using wooden or metal structures. With independent construction, the latter are rarely used, they increase the cost of construction by 40-45%, but their use allows you to save financial costs on the construction of the foundation, this is due to the lightness of metal structures.

A wooden frame is best erected from oak, but it is possible from other types of wood. The beam must be from high-quality wood with a cross section of at least 150x150 mm. Corner joints must not have gaps. Choose a tongue-and-groove connection method.

Note! A metal joint is undesirable, as wood rots when in contact with metal. Over time, such fasteners will weaken, and the house will begin to loosen. Wooden dowels provide reliable and durable fastening, and this guarantees a long service life of the frame house.

The frame must be braced, they give the house rigidity. The technology of building a frame house provides for the installation of three braces. They are made from the same material as the racks.

Outside, the house is sheathed with boards or clapboard with a width of not more than 60 mm and at an angle of 45 °. Old masters do not advise to nail them firmly, for the first year of operation they can swell and dry out.

Floor

The manufacture of the floor of a frame house begins with the laying of a wooden beam with a section of 150x50 mm along the perimeter of the walls.

Note! It must first be treated with an antiseptic solution.

It is necessary to lay the timber on the roofing material, and fasten it every two meters with anchor bolts. Pay special attention to setting the corners, check them with a level. Possible deviation 10 mm.

First, logs are mounted, then a rough floor is made from a cheap edged board, insulation is laid between the logs, and then floorboards are mounted.

Walls

After installing the floor, you can start building walls. It is best to make them in sections. They are assembled on a dry surface from a bar equal in length to the height of the future room. You choose the width of the step for installing the beams yourself, usually it is 300.400, 600 mm.

Note! All wooden parts of a frame house must be of the same type of wood.

Window

According to accepted building codes, windows should be 18% of the wall area. Try to stick to these sizes. In a house for year-round use, it is better to install double-glazed windows with a large glass area.

Roof

The roof frame is the main part of the entire structure of the house. The frame accounts for most of the mechanical load. It must be made according to accepted rules from high-quality material. If you do all this, you will have a reliable and durable roof. Roofing material, insulation and waterproofing material you choose yourself, based on your financial capabilities.

It is not difficult to build a frame house, you just need to follow all the rules prescribed by this technology. Then in the end you will get a beautiful and warm, reliable and durable home.

What and how to insulate the house

Insulation of a frame house depends on what role it will play. If you are building a house for permanent residence, then the insulation must be appropriate. The house is a structure of racks arranged vertically, fastened with horizontal bars.

Note! In the voids between the bars, a heat-insulating material is mounted, which is lined with various finishing details on top.

What thermal insulation and finishing material you will use depends largely on the climatic conditions of your place of residence. There are tables indicating what thermal conductivity different materials have. For example, a 4 cm layer of polystyrene foam replaces 14 cm of wood or 86 cm of brick.

Video

We offer you to watch a series of videos about the construction of a frame house:

Photo

Scheme

We invite you to familiarize yourself with some schemes related to the construction of frame houses:

In our country, until recently, houses were built mainly from log cabins, bricks or concrete, but now the time has come for new technologies, and frame houses have appeared in this segment. They are very popular due to the unique combination of high quality and low financial costs. But the main thing is the ability to make a durable frame house with your own hands without the use of special equipment. Therefore, we have made detailed step-by-step instructions for you.

The guide itself consists of 7 steps:

choice of place for the house;
design;
foundation installation;
frame assembly;
walling;
thermal insulation;
roofing.

The construction of a frame house has the main advantage over other technologies - the rapid pace of construction without the involvement of special lifting mechanisms. Inexpensive frame buildings are put into operation in one season, but such a speed in no way worsens the comfort and quality of living - these parameters are no worse than those of wooden and stone houses.

Site selection

In accordance with the urban planning regulations of the Russian Federation, your residential building must be located at least 3 m from the official boundary of the site. Also, in most cases, local regulations regulate a 5-meter indent from the red line of the street to the house.

It should be noted that all skeletons belong to the IV and V degrees of fire resistance, therefore, in accordance with fire safety standards, the distance from your building to the house on the neighboring site should be at least 10 meters.

The remaining requirements for the placement of the house are presented in this image:

We draw up a project

According to the Federal Law, the developer is obliged to be guided by the project created by professional design organizations. The documentation drawn up must also be agreed upon by authorized officials of various services, where changes and / or additions may be made.

In fact, local authorities require only a preliminary design, including a master plan scheme, plans, section, facades and main technical and economic indicators. Such a project costs no more than 10,000 rubles, and you can order it after the fact after construction before commissioning.

However, for your convenience and savings on alterations, we recommend that you choose a suitable standard project or draw up an individual one, taking into account personal preferences and wishes. In both cases, it is necessary to mark up all communications and add engineering systems to the plan.

An example of a typical draft design

We draw your attention to the fact that standard projects traditionally cost less, and individual ones allow you to realize your own ideas. Individual drawings from the project documentation are drawn up taking into account the binding to the relief and other features of the site - only such scrupulousness can guarantee the long-term operation of the dwelling without problems and major repairs.

Engineering systems

To build a frame house, it is necessary to provide for the inclusion of all engineering networks in the project. They are laid in strict sequence, and you need to start from the foundation. In the case of using a concrete base, all technological holes for communication systems must be made at the time of pouring, so that after hardening, complex drilling of holes is not involved.

The electrical system consists of a switchboard, electrical wiring, sockets and grounding. The distance between points for sockets should be no more than 4 m. Sockets with covers are installed near water sources. The ventilation system includes air ducts with holes. Is it worth mentioning that the ease of access and use of taps, switches, as well as the functioning of drains and sewerage depends on the correct layout of pipes and wires?

Foundation installation

Construction technology provides for the use, or. The strength of the base is increased with the help of reinforcement and monolithic strapping. It is possible to make a high-quality foundation only after conducting a geological analysis of the soil.

In most cases, a simpler base is sufficient for a frame house, which can easily withstand light loads. The most appropriate -. Such a foundation does not require a large amount of materials, which reduces the cost of construction estimates by an average of 15-20%.

In the case of a monolithic foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench, compact the soil and pour a sand cushion. Before you start pouring concrete, you need to make formwork and install reinforcement bars. The solution during the pouring process is necessarily rammed. Vertical studs half a meter long are placed in the liquid concrete of the base every 2 m - the lower trim of the frame will be attached to them. The surface of the resulting grillage must be leveled with cement mortar.

Bottom trim

Seven days after the work on pouring concrete, a lower trim of wooden beams with a section of 15x15 cm is laid over the entire surface of the foundation. The wood is pre-treated with antiseptics, and two layers of roofing material are laid along the bottom, which plays the role.

The beam can be fixed with anchor bolts or foundation studs. If bolts are used, then technological holes up to 10 cm deep must be drilled under them.

floors

When all the wooden beams are laid and connected to each other and to the foundation, grooves are formed in them and floor logs are placed (board 50x150 mm). The upper part of the log is aligned horizontally, and boards are nailed along the bottom - they will serve as the basis for the subfloor device. Membrane insulation is laid on the resulting plank base (it does not allow weathering and wetting of the insulation, while not preventing water vapor from escaping). In the intervals between the lags, it is necessary to press in the insulation (mineral wool or foam plastic) and cover it with a vapor barrier. A cut board (40x15 mm) is laid on top.

Create a frame

From the very name of the technology, it is clear that the main element of such a structure is the frame, and it is on it that the entire structure is held. The skeleton consists of vertical posts fixed with crossbars and horizontal strapping. As before, here the entire construction process is carried out in stages.

Wood is used as the material. It is recommended to choose coniferous timber with a low degree of moisture, ideally chamber drying. The height of the racks must correspond to the same parameter of the room. The racks are connected with nails 10 cm long. After fitting the elements, there should be no gaps.

Depending on what load will affect the bearing supports, as well as based on the size of the insulation and sheathing material, they plan the distance between the uprights. The universal section of the racks is 150x50 mm, a double beam of 150x50 mm is placed in the openings. The most popular step is 600 mm (allows you to install the insulation “in tightness” to tightly fill the wall). Temporary braces are used to connect the racks with the lower trim, which makes the structure acquire the necessary rigidity.

Scheme of the device of the corners of the walls

The installation of the upper trim is carried out after the installation of all racks. Fixation occurs with the help of the same grooves that fastened the lower beam. The upper fastening to the racks is carried out with two nails, which must enter the material by at least 10 cm. The final fixing of the frame is carried out by permanent cuttings installed instead of the dismantled temporary ones. Read more about this in the article "". We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the most important device.

We insulate the walls

The outer walls of the house are sheathed with imitation timber, wooden clapboard, plastic, as the owner of the house wishes. Warming is best done with mineral wool. It is environmentally friendly, durable and does not burn, which makes skeletons even more profitable and in demand.

Scheme of proper insulation of frame walls

The material is pressed into all the gaps between the beams to remove voids. A hydro- and windproof membrane will help protect the tree from moisture, which is mounted on top of the insulation on the racks, and only then the lath crate for the ventilation facade is stuffed, which will be hidden under the outer cladding. From the inside, OSB or gypsum fiber boards mounted on top of the vapor barrier are suitable for wall cladding.

Building a ceiling

The ceiling is attached to the floor beams, which, in turn, are fixed with nails or steel brackets on the top trim beam. Where interior partitions are installed, support bars must be installed, in place of which a wooden ceiling shield is nailed.

Roof

Before starting work, determine the degree of slope, the number of slopes, the type of roofing, the design of the truss system.

A roof with a complex shape looks attractive, but it is difficult to implement, therefore not cheap. Most often found, allowing or attic space. Here it is necessary to install only one skate, there are no valleys at all, which eliminates the accumulation of precipitation and leakage. To prevent snow from lingering on the roof, plan a slope of more than 28º, but not more than 50º, otherwise the wind load will increase.

The cross section of the rafters is determined according to the thickness of the insulation material placed between them. It is best to take a board with a caliber of 150x50mm and a length of 6 m. Two boards need to be knocked down in the shape of the letter L, and then they are lifted up and the angle is determined, making sure that the overhangs go beyond the level of the wall by 30-50 cm. Now the boards can be assembled with the help of a crossbar, and we will get a semblance of rafters.

The upper trim acts as a Mauerlat here. According to the made sample, rafters are created for the entire roof, not forgetting a step of 600 mm. The rafters on the ridge are installed on the pediment and the installation of the remaining elements is continued along them. The type of roofing material depends on what the crate will be.

roofing material

The step-by-step instruction ends at the stage of installing the roof cladding. You can choose , or . All of these materials are easy to work with, affordable, and look decent. After facing works, it remains only to install drainpipes and a drainage system, which will be responsible for the removal of precipitation outside the site.

Now you imagine the whole process of building a frame house with your own hands , so that the structure is strong and warm. If you do not ignore the rules of construction and assembly technology, you will become the proud owner of your own home, which you can only dream of.