History of coffee machines History of the coffee maker History of the coffee maker
Coffee maker- This is a culinary device that is used in the process of preparing a drink such as coffee. There are several main types of coffee makers, which differ not only in appearance, but also in the mechanism of operation, and also in functionality.
The main types of coffee makers include:
- pod coffee maker;
- drip coffee maker differs from other types in that no pressure is created in the device during operation, water slowly drains and literally seeps through coffee in drops;
- a geyser coffee maker is a device that consists of three main parts: a water tank at the base of the device, a filter located in the middle and into which ground coffee is placed, as well as an upper container into which, under pressure resulting from temperature exposure, ready-made to drinking coffee;
- a capsule coffee maker is a device in which capsules with ground coffee are used;
- the espresso coffee maker is designed specifically for preparing such a type of drink as cappuccino, as well as classic espresso;
- horn coffee maker.
Initially, for brewing coffee, people used such a device as a cezve or cezve. However, scientific and technological progress has made its own adjustments in the process of preparing the famous and beloved coffee. An electric coffee maker is much more convenient to use than a cezve or cezve. This device itself does all the work for a person, you only need to pour coffee into the machine and start the process of making a drink.
One or another type of coffee maker varies depending on the set of functions that the device has. For example, one of the most expensive types of coffee makers is specialized coffee machines that not only prepare classic espresso, but also grind coffee beans themselves. Modern coffee machines can prepare various types of drink, such as cappuccino, latte, mochachino and others.
This advantage allows the use of coffee machines in restaurants, bars and coffee houses. A household coffee maker differs from a specialized one in size, as well as in its coffee preparation capabilities. As a rule, a standard household coffee maker is not equipped with a design for grinding coffee beans. For this reason, the required amount of already ground or instant coffee is poured into the coffee maker.
In addition, the coffee maker is equipped with a water tank. During operation, coffee is passed through the filter of the coffee maker using free water supply. Usually, pre-ground coffee is inside a paper or metal filter, which is located inside a special funnel. This funnel is placed over a ceramic or glass container of water.
The principle of operation of a household coffee maker is simple and consists of several stages. Initially, cold water is heated to a boil in a special container, and then, thanks to the structure of the coffee maker, it passes into a funnel. Experts say that coffee made with a metal filter can cause significant damage to the human body. The paper filter removes impurities and heavy compounds from coffee.
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Until the scientific and technological revolution broke out, coffee lovers prepared it for themselves in a way that was invented by the Arabs. Coffee was brewed in a metal bowl, the name of which is Turkish. This dish could be quickly warmed up on a fire. Although the Turku is still used today, it is considered an on-stove coffee maker.
However, to prepare a cup of coffee in this way, it took a lot of time. But life became more dynamic and time, as always, was not enough. The invention of the first coffee maker in the history of people was prompted by an urgent need to simplify the preparation of their favorite drink.
People who are fond of the evolution of technology are sure that the inventor of the first drip coffee maker (when boiling water passed drop by drop through the filter where the ground coffee was) was Archbishop de Bellois from France (1800). The device was given the name "drip coffee maker". After that, humanity was already irresistibly drawn to the improvement of this device.
After 19 years, the tinsmith Maurice managed to improve this design in his own way. Now it was possible to turn over his double coffee maker, which only made the coffee stronger. Following the drip coffee maker, a filtration coffee maker was invented. The appearance of the first ever geyser coffee maker was noted in 1827. In connection with its use, an amazing result was obtained after repeatedly passing hot water or steam through ground coffee.
After 1840, the geyser coffee maker was replaced by a vacuum one, which was not widespread at that time. The appearance of the first compression type coffee maker was noted in 1855. In this device, steam was passed under high pressure through a layer of coffee mass.
In 1901, the Italian Luigi Bezzera managed to patent a coffee machine in which espresso coffee was prepared in bars. Achilles Gaggia designed the piston espresso machine in 1945. The high pressure generated during the operation of the apparatus contributed to the formation of a thick layer of foam.
It goes without saying that the first coffee makers had more disadvantages than advantages. The very first negative is that the drink prepared in the coffee maker could not retain the aroma and taste of the coffee beans of the variety that was used. The second disadvantage of coffee makers was their explosiveness. It was problematic to choose the optimal amount of coffee used, the time of preparation of the drink, the steam pressure and the temperature of its heating. Only thanks to the experiments carried out, it was possible to establish that the ideal temperature for preparing a cup of espresso is 86-93 degrees, while the pressure should not fall below 9 atmospheres.
The possibilities of modern machines are enormous. They can not only prepare espresso coffee, but also prepare various cocktails based on it, whip milk for cappuccino. Naturally, making coffee with such a variety of coffee makers has become much easier.
1901 LuigiBezzera(Luiggi Bezzera) patented a new waymaking coffee using a combination of water and steam. Bezzerait was necessary to reduce the time for coffee breaks for workers. For this, he and. It is no coincidence that the name that received the coffee prepared by the machine - espresso from Italian "urgent, fast"
1905 (1903?) Desiderio Pavoni bought Bezzera's patent. He began to experiment with the temperature and pressure of water and steam when making coffee. A pressure of 8-9 bar gave the best result.Pavoni became the first manufacturer of espresso machines that could be used in cafes.
1906 The first is shown at the International Exhibition in Milan.
1912 Founding of La Cimbali, which manufactures high-end espresso machines.
1922 The year the espresso machine business began.
1927 Introduction of espresso in the USA. New York's Royal Cafe (NYC's Regio's Bar) purchased a La Pavoni car. The two-group machines installed then can be seen to this day.
1927 Roberto Rancilio (Roberto) assembled his first coffee machine "La Regina", which did not differ fundamentally from La Pavoni coffee machines, but its advantage was the elegant design in the "Belle Epoque" style, which was to the taste of restaurateurs of that time.
1932 San Marco pioneered the Deco style in espresso machine design with the La San Marco 900. Each manufacturer considered it their duty to follow this style. The style lasted until the 50s.
1936 Founding of the Simonelli company, which a little later began to produce espresso machines of medium and high capacity.
1937
The Swiss JURA Elektroapparate AG is founded.
1938 M. Cremonesi develops a piston pump that delivers hot, but not boiling, water to coffee powder under pressure. The piston pump completely solved the problem of burnt coffee taste, typical for Pavoni machines.
1946 Faema is founded by Ernesto Valente.
1947 First modern espresso machine A: Giovanni Achilli Gadzhia Ave Represents "Gaggia Crema Caffe machine". It was the first machine that supplied water to coffee in doses and at a pressure of 8 bap and above, was easy to operate and had a low cost for commercial use.
1948 Gaggia is incorporated.
1949 Giovanni Gaggia (Gaggia)starts producing coffee machines under its own brand. The Classica enters the market - a machine for bars. Real espresso as we know it is beginning to spread widely around the world.
1950s Piston espresso machines with two controlled springs and controlled pressure flooded the market.
1956 (circa) developed "Gaggia Gilda" - a two-lever piston single-group machine suitable for home use.
1958 "La Marzocco Crema Espress" is launched, a single lever espresso machine.
1961 Faemareleases a revolutionary machine, . The machine has concentrated all the achievements of engineering in the field of espresso preparation. The machine had a heat exchanger, electricrotary pump and internally heated brew group. also in"Elektra Micro Casa a Leva" and "La Pavoni Europiccola" are launched - espresso coffee machines for home use.
1966 Alfred Peet opens "Pete's Cafe" - the first cafe in Berkeley, USA California, which became the prototype for the founders of "Starbucks" (Starbucks).
1974 Pavoniintroduces the concepts of "permanent steam" and "coffee maker". Launched "La Pavoni Professional Lever" espresso machine for home use.
1981
ANDtalyanetsSergio Zappella and Swiss engineer Arthur Schmed set up Saeco S.r.l.
1982 Founding of the SCAA, the original name of the organization "Specialty Coffee Advisory Board" or "SCAB". Soon they changed their name to a more euphonious one.
1983 BeginsStarbucks era (Starbucks). Its founder, Howard Schultz, traveled to Italy and became fascinated with the culture of espresso. The Italian espresso standard goes global.
1985 Saeco introduces the first fully automatic Superautomica espresso machine for home use.
1985 Starbucksinstalled their first espresso machine in a store in Seattle.
1989 Acorto created the first fully functional and commercially viable automatic espresso coffee machine. She had such innovative features at the time as a built-in milk cooling system and frothing.
1990 De Longhi launched the first series of Bar coffee machines on the market (the De "Longhi brand itself appeared in 1975, when Giuzeppe De'Longhi created his first oil heater and depicted his name on it). offered "Rocky Burr Grinder" - coffee grinder, which had blurred boundaries between commercial and home versions of such devices.
1990 Jeff Kennedy and Italian Andrew Meo partnered with the Espresso Company Milano (ECM). The ECM Rocket E61 enters the market - a breakthrough in the segment of carob espresso coffee makers for home use.
1996 A cappuccino machine appears in coffee machines - a device for automatic milk frothing.
1999 Rancilio launches the Silvia model, which has become and. Rancilio Silvia has brought the coffee quality of home and professional coffee machines as close as possible.
1999 Saeco International Group acquired control of the Italian company Gaggia S.p.A.
2001 JURA launches the IMPRESSA F90, the world's first Internet-enabled domestic coffee machine.
2007 A company appears that has received all the rights to produce cars under the Rocket brand.
2009
Saeco was acquired by Philips.
2009 La Marzocco introduced the Strada coffee machine with revolutionary technology.
2014
Philips|Saeco launch on the market Saeco GranBaristo Avanti HD8969, the firsta coffee machine that can be controlled from a tablet computer.
2014 First coffee machine in space: 11/24/14 arrived at the International Space Station coffee machine.
Based on materials from http://coffeeclub.ru, http://evolutsia.com, http://irvispress.ru, news agencies,companies' own websites
History of coffee machines
The method of making coffee, invented by the medieval Arabs, which required only water, ground coffee beans and a simple metal vessel - a cezve, was good for everyone and for a long time suited humanity. Until the time when the industrial age came to Europe and people became more impatient, so that they even needed coffee on an industrial scale.
The mechanization of the process of making coffee, the Europeans really attended to in the 1820s. These were the times when humanity was fascinated by a technical innovation called the "steam engine" and enthusiastically tried to make this miracle of engineering do useful work in a variety of economic areas. In particular, a certain Frenchman Louis Bernard Babaut in 1822 came up with the idea that if you release a steam-water mixture under pressure from a steam boiler and pass it through ground coffee, then you can brew a lot of drink and quickly. Things did not come to the creation of successful operating models then, but the name of Monsieur Babo still remained in the history of coffee engineering, since his drawings and calculations were sent to the Paris Academy of Sciences.
In 1843, designer and coffee enthusiast Edward Loysel de Santais built the first steam coffee machine more or less suitable for commercial use. In 1855, after many years of improvements, the inventor revealed his wonderful apparatus to the world at the Paris Exhibition. Among contemporaries, this bulky device made a splash. As visitors recalled, it stood in the open air in puffs of steam, like a steam locomotive ready to be sent. The stoker fed coal into the furnace, the operator-engineer monitored the steam pressure in the boiler, poured several kilograms of ground coffee into a special hopper, and, finally, pulled the impressive lever. And - about a miracle! - from the faucet, a beautiful drink began to flow almost non-stop at a crazy speed of one thousand cups per hour. For a long time after that, the impressed French called any coffee maker "Hydrostatic vases of Leusel".
The first steam coffee machines had a lot of shortcomings. The most unpleasant - they used to explode from time to time. Another drawback was that the coffee brewing parameters such as extraction temperature and pressure were far from ideal. The steam passing through the ground coffee was much hotter "correct" 86 - 93оС, therefore, the drink was "burned out". Then it was not yet experimentally established that the optimal pressure for extraction is 9 atmospheres, but the inventors felt that those 1.5 - 2 atmospheres that the steam boiler gave out was not enough. However, increasing the pressure meant making the coffee machine even more explosive. In a word, other technical solutions were required, which were not slow to appear soon.
By the early 20th century, Italians had become the most ardent coffee drinkers in Europe. Italian matrons experimented in their kitchen, trying to figure out the "golden formula" of a cup of coffee, family secrets of making a drink were passed on to heirs from generation to generation along with a will of property, and local restaurateurs vied with each other to invite customers to their "perfect coffee". It is not surprising that in the conditions of such a public coffee boom, not only engineers and designers took up the invention of coffee machines.
In Italy, almost every street solderer, tinker and coppersmith was busy in his workshop and built his own coffee machine. Actually, the most famous brands in the field of coffee machine building emerged precisely in the first thirty years of the 20th century, and it was from small workshops: La Pavoni (1905, Milan), La Cimbali (1912, Milan), La Marzocco (1927, Florence) etc. Many of today's world-famous concerns are named after Italian lone handicraftsmen who devoted themselves to designing coffee machines with no less zeal than Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri made their unique violins several centuries before.
Very soon, the design of coffee machines turned into almost a national sport in Italy. The result of this craze was a real "war of patents" - each inventor was in a hurry to stake out his priority and sometimes registered a patent with the last money. “Giuseppe ran to the patent office for the second time this morning,” neighbors sometimes taunted another craftsman. And indeed, brilliant ideas simply swarmed in the heads of Italian inventors.
In 1901 Luigi Bezzera improved the steam coffee machine and made it much more compact and practical. An important innovation was the system he invented for attaching the filter holder to the dispensing group, which is still used in traditional coffee machines to this day. Each cup was now brewed with a strictly measured portion of ground coffee. Another know-how Bezerra coffee machines- use of steam in a boiler for whipping milk and cream.
In 1903 Desidero Pavoni acquired a patent from Bezerre for the production of coffee machines and in 1905 began their mass replication in his workshop. La Pavoni S.p.a. and remains a highly respected brand among professional coffee brewing equipment to this day.
Doctor Francesco Illy in 1935 he used compressed air instead of steam in his car to supply pressurized water. Now, not steam was supplied to the coffee tablet, but water of the “correct” temperature, that is, slightly below the boiling point, and it became possible to increase the water pressure during supply. The inventor named the coffee machine in his own honor - "Iletta".
As coffee historians note, all commercial coffee machines of that time were still very bulky, expensive and difficult to manage devices that only reputable establishments could afford to attract clientele. The first La Cimbali machines of the early 1930s (Model Rapida) were boiler columns of impressive size, under which a wood-burning firebox was placed. The emergence of a truly mass culture of espresso coffee in Italy became possible only after the invention of the so-called lever (from the English lever - lever) coffee machines. In them, the water pressure on the coffee tablet in the filter holder was created using a lever that actuated a spring mechanism with a piston.
How nice to have a conversation over a cup of coffee in a cozy place. Have you thought about how this wonderful drink is prepared, on what devices, how long ago, and Who exactly created a coffee machine? The popularity of drinking coffee began to grow in the early 18th century. The hot drink was in great demand in high-end restaurants. Increasingly, various coffee shops began to open. Scientific and technological progress and the ever-increasing demand for coffee have forced masters and self-taught develop a machine that will produce a large amount of hot drink.
In 1822, a French specialist in the field of steam engine applications proposed coffee brewing method. The bottom line was that a steam-water mixture from a steam boiler was passed through ground coffee under pressure. Despite the absence of the machine itself, the idea of creating a large amount of coffee belongs to Louis Bernard Babot. The designer Edward Loizel de Sante, who is also a lover of a fragrant drink, did not leave this problem without his attention. In 1843 he designed and presented at an exhibition in Paris in 1855 first steam coffee machine capable of making 1000 cups per hour. But she had significant shortcomings. They had the principle of operation of a steam locomotive, in addition, superheated steam under low atmospheric pressure was supplied for coffee. Brewing coffee on such a machine was very dangerous, since the machine itself could explode.
After 50 years Italian designer Luigi Bezzer managed to find a middle ground and develop a compact and safe coffee machine that brewed a cup of coffee on a dosed fraction of ground coffee. The coffee machine was introduced in 1901. In it, the inventor added a new development. Hot steam was suggested whip milk or cream for a hot drink.
Engineering developments have not gone past the improvement of the coffee machine. In 1938, a piston pump was installed in it, which began to supply hot water to a portion of brewed coffee, but not boiling. Thanks to this improvement, coffee no longer has a burnt aftertaste. In 1947, the first machine appeared that made it possible to cook coffee - espresso. It used a metered supply of hot water under a pressure of 8 bar. A few years later, the production of industrial coffee machines began to decline, which began to be produced mainly for office and home use.
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