Steel Kh12MF for knives: pros and cons. Tool steel Kh12MF

Industrial production of bearings, stamped and cutting tools is carried out using various grades of steel. Among them, Kh12MF steel occupies a special place.

The characteristics of this brand are also appreciated by many companies engaged in the production of exclusively knife products. Today, this material is very popular both among manufacturers and among buyers of various cutlery.

Brand class

In the engineering industry, Kh12MF steel is considered the main grade. Characteristics of the material differ from other carbon tool grades in high structure density. This belongs to the class of tool stamped. For a long time, it was used only in the production of dies for bending and molding products. Since forged steel is highly resistant to external physical influences, it is used in heavy industry and the engineering industry.

This steel is a high-quality material from which it is made. As evidenced by numerous consumer reviews, such cutting products are very durable and do not dull for a long time, which is important for a hunter. The advantages of the material are taken into account by manufacturers using Kh12MF steel in the production of products.

Properties

The advantages of this steel grade include:

• high strength;
• heat resistance;
• hardenability;
• hardenability;
• wear resistance;
• manufacturability.

The last property is estimated by craftsmen who process Kh12MF steel. The characteristics of the grade allow it to be processed using cutting, pressure and grinding procedures.

Products

The Kh12MF brand is used in the manufacture of:

• profiling rollers having a complex shape;
• complex punching matrices, with the help of which sheet metal is formed;
• reference gears;
• rolling dies;
• portages;
• matrices;
• punches.

What provides density?

The high performance of X12MF steel, the characteristics of this grade are achieved by forging blanks. During the procedure, a round steel bar taken for processing is placed in a special forge. There it is heated to a certain temperature. After that, the Kh12MF bar is processed mechanically using a hammer. The result should be a strip of steel with a very high density. Then it is again placed in the hearth and subjected to heat treatment. After the strip has warmed up enough, it is cut into several small pieces.

In the future, by processing, they are given the desired wedge-shaped shape. In this way, knives are made from Kh12MF steel. The owners' comments about such blades are mostly positive: the structure of the steel of the blanks becomes very dense during their processing with a hammer, and this, in turn, provides the blades with high resistance to blunting.

Why do we need alloying elements?

In its original form, any steel is an ordinary alloy, which includes iron and carbon. Depending on the task that the product will perform, a chemical change of the alloy is carried out, and this, in turn, improves and adapts Kh12MF steel. The characteristics (reviews confirm the information) of the improved material are as follows:

• high strength;
• increased corrosion resistance;
• durability of operation;
• high cutting ability.

Kh12MF acquires these qualities as a result of adding alloying elements to it. The procedure is carried out in a certain temperature regime with the required number of hardenings.

Compound

Knife steel X12MF consists of the following chemical elements:

• Chromium. It is introduced to improve the cutting properties and wear resistance of this steel grade.
• Tungsten. This chemical element increases hardenability.
• Vanadium. It is necessary in order to be qualitatively distributed into particles of the excess phase. Due to the presence of vanadium in the composition, the sensitivity to overheating is significantly reduced. With an excess amount of the substance (over 5%), the plastic properties that steel Kh12MF should have are reduced. The characteristics (reviews of the owners of steel products fully confirm this) of this material depend on the amount of vanadium. The lower the presence of this chemical element, the higher the strength and ductility of the steel.
• Molybdenum. This chemical element increases the toughness and hardenability of steel. At the same time, the presence of a large amount of molybdenum can reduce the resistance of the alloy to scale formation. It is desirable that the content of this substance in H12MF does not exceed 1.7%.
• Manganese. This chemical element is necessary to reduce warping during hardening of products.
• Silicon. Used to improve tempering resistance during heat treatment.

The production of alloy stamped steel is carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST.

H12MF: the meaning of the abbreviation

Not difficult. First of all, you need to know what letters are used to designate chemical elements. The letter X is used to designate chromium, nickel - H, cobalt - K, vanadium - F, molybdenum - M, titanium - T, copper - D, etc. Therefore, X12MF steel contains chromium, molybdenum and vanadium in its composition. The number indicates the content of the main alloying element. They are chromium. 12% of this chemical element contains Kh12MF steel.

Characteristics

Knives made from the material of this brand have the qualities that the components contained in it give steel. Since Kh12MF is a carbon steel, high wear resistance is inherent in products made from it. This means that a blade with a high carbon content can be used for a long time without additional sharpening. The content of 16% carbon determines the characteristics of Kh12MF steel. Knives made of chromium-containing steel (12%) almost do not rust. In the event that the steel contains 14% chromium, it becomes completely stainless. The presence of these chemical elements provides blades made of H12MF strength and durability. Ensuring abrasive resistance is possible due to an additional alloying additive. For this purpose, molybdenum is added to Kh12MF during calcination. As a result, the steel is annealed evenly. A knife made from it is a product with uniform sharpening. As evidenced by the numerous reviews of the owners of such blades, there are no weaknesses in the structure of the knives.

Testing knives from Kh12MF

The test of steel hunting knives consists in the following steps:

• With a knife, cuts are made on a rope 200 mm thick. According to the reviews of the owners, the blade can easily make at least three hundred rifling. Only then will it be noticeable that the blade has become dull.
• For rifling, oak bars are also used. On this material, no more than a hundred cuts can be made with a knife.
• The newspaper is cut. The essence of this test is also to check the sharpness of the knife. To do this, one sheet of newspaper is carefully lowered onto the blade. Usually, the sheet is easily cut into two parts solely under the influence of its own weight.

Despite all the advantages of X12MF steel, many owners of such blades recommend adhering to two rules:

• Since hunting knives are not throwing weapons, blades should not be thrown at trees or other surfaces.
• Never check the blades for bending or step on them.

Those who have purchased one of these knives are advised by experienced hunters not to waste their energy on polishing the blade. According to many consumers, X12MF polishes very poorly. Therefore, a knife made of steel of this brand will never shine brightly.

The characteristic color for his blade is matte. In this regard, knives made of Kh12MF steel are often confused with damask.

Conclusion

Steel grade X12MF is appreciated by manufacturers of various tools and knife products, as well as by consumers.

Those who have purchased cutting products made of X12MF steel speak extremely positively about knives. Using these blades, you can easily open tin cans, plan wooden branches and chop the bones of the hunted beast. In field conditions, these actions are the most common.

No less positive feedback is left by consumers of bearings, stamped and cutting tools made of Kh12MF steel. As experience has shown, products from X12MF can easily cope with any task.

Knives made of X12MF steel- one of the most durable knives, with very high quality characteristics.

Kh12MF steel is very dense in its structure and resistant to impact, it is used for the manufacture of various dies. Now this steel is most often used in the manufacture of hunting knives, since its properties make it possible to use a knife, for example, for butchering carcasses and not be afraid of blunting.

To achieve such high performance, the steel passes through the forging of the workpiece - this increases its density. A blank is taken in the form of a round rod, heated in a furnace to the forging temperature, then it is pierced with a hammer, and a very dense strip is obtained, then it is heated again and cut into blanks. The resulting blanks are normalized and put into further work. After the workpiece is shaped into the desired blade, it undergoes a special heat treatment in a vacuum furnace. The steel obtained in this way is very strong and resistant to knife blunting.

Yes, steel Kh12MF is tool alloyed die steel.

Chemical composition of Kh12MF Steel:

Kh12MF steel is a cold-formed die steel with a high chromium content and inclusions of molybdenum (average 0.5%) and vanadium (average 0.2%). X12MF steel has good heat resistance and strength, high hardenability, hardenability and wear resistance. Also, this steel is technological, well processed by cutting and pressure, and satisfactorily polished.

Chromium (Cr) is the main alloying element of cold formed die steel. He increases cutting properties and wear resistance, increases strength and hardenability of steel, which is especially important for large punches and dies. In the presence of more than 2.5%, it increases the resistance of steel against tempering, especially when the tool is heated to temperatures above 300 ° C. Together with manganese, it reduces warpage during hardening. However, steels with a chromium content of 12% have disadvantages: a pronounced carbide heterogeneity and an increased tendency for carbides to coagulate, which contributes to the softening of steels when heated.

Tungsten (W) is introduced for increase hardness, wear resistance and hardenability of steel, improves the cutting ability of the tool.

Vanadium(V) in die steels is present in VC carbide and solid solution. Vanadium significantly reduces the sensitivity of die steels to overheating, increases the heat resistance of steels, and improves the distribution of excess phase particles. With a vanadium content of 0.3 - 0.5%, the strength and ductility of the steel will be significantly higher than that of high-vanadium steels.

Molybdenum (Mo) is added to high chromium steel to increase its toughness and hardenability. Molybdenum also has a negative effect on scale resistance. Therefore, the content of molybdenum in die steels is limited to 1.4 - 1.8%.

Manganese (Mn) is introduced to increase the hardenability of steel. In combination with chromium, molybdenum reduces warpage during hardening, but increases the tendency to overheat.

Silicon (Si) is introduced to increase the hardenability of steel, to increase the resistance to tempering.

If you decide, you should pay attention to the following features:

Firstly, the main advantage of such a knife is that it holds sharpening very well. However, a knife made of Kh12MF steel is quite difficult to sharpen, with its hardness, the knife is rather difficult to correct. Despite its excellent cutting properties, Kh12MF steel is quite brittle: knives made of such steel, it is strictly forbidden to throw at trees, throw, test for bending.

Secondly, please note that a knife made of X12MF steel is prone to darkening on steel: for example, if you take a knife with you to the sea or cut a lemon with it, be sure to immediately wash the knife thoroughly, otherwise dark spots may appear on it. Hunting knives made of Kh12MF steel almost do not rust, but if they enter an acidic or alkaline environment, they can become covered with a rusty coating or dark spots appear on the blade.

If you need a durable and reliable hunting knife, we recommend choosing knives made of H12MF steel.

Tool steel X12MF has anti-corrosion characteristics. It is durable and does not need constant sharpening. In Soviet times, technological knives, cutters and dies were made from Kh12MF. Nowadays, this material is used to create high-quality knives and parts for mechanical engineering.

Steel features

The main products that are made from Kh12MF alloy are knife blades. And a certain addition of metals to the alloy determines its place of application. For example, chromium is added to the alloy discussed in this article. As a percentage of other metals in this brand, it was only twelve percent.

Many people are interested in whether X12MF steel rusts or not. Yes, the knife is prone to rust in the kitchen, where the knife will constantly be damp, it does not belong .

H12MF steel is more suitable for hunters. Since by adding chromium, the product increases wear resistance and cutting properties.

With proper care, X12MF will not rust for a long time. And the decoding of the name of the metal alloy means the following:

• X - the addition of chromium, where the number 12 means its percentage among all other metals;
• M - it contains molybdenum;
• F - vanadium.

Chemical composition

The composition of this Kh12MF steel is very diverse and saturated with varieties of metals. It has no analogues among other alloys. The following is the chemical composition of X12MF:

• Chrome - 12%. Added to improve cutting properties and wear resistance.
• Molybdenum - 0.6%. The viscosity and hardenability of the metal increases. If the concentration is too high, resistance decreases.
• Carbon - 1.6%. Gives firmness. The steel becomes wear resistant.
• Vanadium - 0.3%. Reduces the sensitivity of steel to overheating.
• Silicon - 0.4%. Gives resistance to tempering during heat treatment.
• Copper - 0.3%. Increasing strength.
• Manganese - 0.45%. When manganese is added, the alloy is less subject to warping during its quenching.
• Nickel 0.35%. Does not allow the formation of carbides.
• Phosphorus - 12%. Adds plastic qualities.
• Sulfur - 0.3%. Improves elasticity.

The percentage is indicated in the maximum values ​​​​of its presence in steel. In fact, it can range from one tenth to four tenths of a percent of a given metal content. Each of the metals affects a certain property of X12MF.

Mechanical characteristics

In terms of mechanical characteristics, Kh12MF steel has the following advantages:

• High strength.
• Good cutting ability.
• High corrosion resistance.
• Durability.

Alloy steel X12MF is created in strict accordance with GOST and TU.

Knife "Chef"

Technological properties

Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. And this alloy is made by adding many more metals to it, which were listed above. Therefore, X12MF is very capricious in processing. Characteristics of X12MF:

• Hard to forge.
• It undergoes complex heat treatment, as it is necessary to maintain the extremely accurate temperature of tempering, holding and other parameters.
• Hardened at a temperature of 950 degrees Celsius. Overheating must not be allowed. Since excessive temperature greatly affects the structure of the alloy, making it more brittle.
• It has a hardness up to 64 HRC units.

Despite the fact that it is very difficult to make piece products from this steel, there are still blacksmiths who make excellent knives. Due to the properties of steel, especially the presence of chromium (X12), the resulting products are famous for their strength and sharpness of the blade. These characteristics of Damascus steel knives make it possible to instantly butcher the flesh of a slaughtered animal. For a hunter, this is just a great tool.

physical characteristics

Due to its physical properties, this grade of Kh12MF stainless steel is not intended for throwing or bending testing. If during production the rules of hardening and maintaining temperature accuracy were not observed, then such an oversight will adversely affect the hardness of the alloy. The knife blade can be easily broken.

Knife "Navaja"

A product made of this alloy will serve the owner for a long time, subject to two conditions:

• During production, all technologies were observed.
• The owner carefully monitors and cares for his instrument.

And also X12MF can:

• Easy to do planing and polishing work (used in woodworking factories).
• Not demanding for frequent sharpening.
• Easily withstands forty-degree frosts and the same heat.
• When exposed to high temperatures, the steel does not deteriorate and does not warp.
• Long service life. This property of this steel gives the presence of vanadium.
• A person can independently sharpen the tool.
• Has resistance to corrosion.
• Does not break if the alloy is homogeneous in structure.

Areas of use

This type of steel and products made from it are used both in everyday life and in industry. In everyday life, X12MF is famous for its excellent and wear-resistant blades for knives. Knives made of this steel can be used both at home and on hunting or fishing. Delicate green shoots, reeds, thin branches sharply sharpened steel cuts easily. The main thing is not to get carried away and not to cut the bones with them, and not to use them like an ax. Since then chips appear on its canvas. This will spoil not only the aesthetics of the blade, but also its functionality.

Knife "Marmot"

Knives made of Kh12MF tool steel require a special approach to their care. The knife blade is treated with mineral oil. For sharpening or straightening it, fine-grained diamonds, leather belts and GOI paste are used. The correct sharpening angle is the basis of its sharpness and wear resistance. It is equal to thirty-five degrees in inclination.

In addition, below are some recommendations for caring for such knives:

• After use, the knife is washed under running water. Then it is wiped with a paper towel. Because it is this product that absorbs moisture well, unlike fabric. And the blade should never be connected for a long time with elements of water for apartment buildings. Since it contains chlorine, which will certainly interact with this alloy. The blade will become stained and may darken.
• In order for it to regain its original appearance, it must be lubricated with a special compound that is sold in a weapons store.
• Once every four months it must be polished.
• Do not use the dishwasher to clean it. Otherwise, the blade may become dull or even damaged.
• It must be stored in special knives that came with it when it was sold.
• The wood handle must be treated with antiseptics so that it is not damaged by bacteria and fungi, for which it is a favorite food. And, if the handle is metal, then it is necessary to eliminate chips and scratches. If rust appears in these places, then it will soon get to the blade.

And in order to prove the advantage of this product made of Kh12MF grade tool steel over other products, numerous experiments were carried out. Data from which will be disclosed below. The Damascus steel blade has proven to be the best.

• Synthetic fiber ropes with a diameter of two centimeters were cut with this product.
• Oak bars were cut more than a hundred times.
• Numerous tin cans have been opened with this knife.
• The spine and bones of the boar were cut with this blade.
• The blade, under its pressure, cut along the newspaper sheet.

Many products from this alloy were subjected to tests. It has shown itself to be the most exceptionally perfect alloy that mankind has ever produced.

Application in industry

Steel X12MF has found its application in industry. It is necessary where tools such as:

• Drawing boards.
• Molding stamps.
• Bending stamps.
• Calibrating eyes for bar metal for thread rolling.
• Sections of a complex design of body stamps.
• Stamps of active parts of electrical machines are also made from it.
• Parts of electromagnetic systems of electric devices.
• Bearings.
• profile rollers.

Kh12MF steel has proven to be a durable, wear-resistant metal alloy that will serve mankind for a long time to come.

It is not easy to give more information than there is about the Kh12MF steel grade, which has been known for 90 years, since the days of the Soviet Union. Information about it over these decades in the periodical press was given repeatedly in the most expanded format, there is a lot of special literature. Used by most of our knife makers. The reason for this popularity is due to the availability of steel at a cost, stable quality of manufactured products.

Kh12MF steel was created by Soviet engineers for the needs of Soviet industry in the 30s of the 20th century. Initially intended for metal processing by stamping. According to the purpose, the biochemical component of the alloy and the entire technological process were developed.

Ratnikov knife

Later it was found that the characteristics of the alloy already introduced into production corresponded to the manufacture of edged weapons on an industrial scale. Steel X12MF had all the necessary properties:

• appropriate viscosity;
• stable anti-corrosion properties;
• excellent performance in terms of impact on compression, elasticity, hardness and rigidity.

Therefore, in addition to industrial use in industry, the alloy began to be used for knives made for special forces. For example, servicemen of the NKVD troops were armed with these weapons.

Characteristics of knife steel

Before considering the properties of steel x12mf, to identify the pros and cons, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the existing characteristics of the alloy. There are several types of it, which have certain differences in the types of alloying additives, heat treatment, rolling.

There are five main properties of steel:

1. Hardness - resistance to physical influences.
2. Rigidity - resistance to mechanical damage (chips, cracks). Determined by the hardness of the steel.
3. Anti-abrasive, anti-adhesive resistance. The quality of these properties is the higher, the higher the hardness. It also depends on the chemical composition: the higher the content of carbide, tungsten, the better the wear resistance.
4. Corrosion resistance - resistance to rust. This indicator has its drawbacks: it is badly reflected in the properties of the blade tip.
5. Safety from "blockages" - the duration of use of the blade without sharpening.

You need to know that even the best knife steel cannot combine the high properties of all five characteristics. Only a compromise is possible in balancing stiffness with hardness.

This indicator is necessary, because it is possible to make a product with an extremely hard blade that cuts iron, but can break just by hitting a hard floor. Or the knife will be hard, withstand strong bends, but will not be able to keep sharpening for a long time.

Vorsma knife

The most optimal characteristics for the manufacture of high-quality knives are kh12mf knife steel, although, along with positive qualities, it has some disadvantages, which we will discuss below.

Steel h12mf

This type of metal is an alloyed tool type. Its excellent technical characteristics are due to its composition. Products from this alloy perfectly demonstrated their qualities in all areas of industry where the stamping method is used.

Knives made of X12MF steel

This metal is obtained by reusable welding. Alloy Composition:

Due to the presence of these elements, the products have excellent characteristics: corrosion resistant, durable, hard and rigid. X12MF steel is produced according to Soviet GOSTs. Hardening is carried out at + 950 ° degrees, which gives the steel a hardness of up to 64 HRC units.

In processing, this steel is quite difficult, forging is extremely difficult. Heat treatment, including heating of the required temperature, all other necessary operations are also extremely difficult. Although there are craftsmen who make magnificent products from such an alloy that is difficult to process.

In industrial production, it is used in the manufacture of:

• drawing boards;
• portages - flexible molding dies;
• calibration eyes;
• body mold parts.

Although today this steel is more often used in the manufacture of mainly hunting and tourist knives.

Kitchen steel knives

pros

Blades made of Kh12MF steel have many advantages.

The main quality of any knife product is rigidity, the duration of sharpening. A sharp blade is known to dull faster. However, this cannot be said about blades made of Kh12MF steel. The duration of sharpening is ensured by a carbon concentration of up to 14.5 - 16.5%, which guarantees wear resistance and safety of the blade.

At the same time, these same characteristics reduce the anti-corrosion properties of the product. It would be wrong to classify this steel as completely stainless, however, it will not instantly rust from the proximity to water.

The hardness of knives made of Kh12MF steel is 50 units, but even with this indicator, cutting properties are retained after cutting hundreds of test items.

Additional components in the composition, giving the following characteristics:

• molybdenum, which contributes to the uniformity of the metal;
• vanadium, which improves the hardness of the alloy, service life;
• silicon, which increases the strength.

Manufacturers of knives repeatedly tested them for strength: they chopped bones with them, cut cans, oak bars. As a result, the knife does not become dull, and the sharp blade cuts a sheet of paper with the weight of the knife.

Set of all-metal knives

Minuses

With all the advantages of knives made of this steel grade, there is one drawback - relative fragility. Products are not intended for throwing, flexibility testing and similar strength tests. Their main purpose is cutting action.

Knives made of X12MF steel

Due to the fragility of products made of Kh12MF steel, they are produced with small, short blades. Mostly used for cutting. Popular with Siberian, Far Eastern fishermen. In extreme, difficult climatic conditions, a quality knife is a vital necessity. Proper care ensures reliable performance and superior performance over other alloys. This is the reason for the recent increase in sales.

Summing up the above, we note: in terms of technical, physical characteristics, kh12mf steel is the best remaining from the USSR. Blades from it have excellent technical characteristics.

Until the last decade of the 20th century, the potential of the brand met the requirements for such products. Hardness, rigidity, anti-corrosion properties are still at a level higher than foreign standards. The only weakness is the instability to lateral loads and shocks. But it is difficult to find the best material for compact blades.

After Western grades entered the Russian steel market, the place in the rating of X12MF steel decreased by 15-20 percent. Today, this steel occupies a place in the middle price niche, having an optimal price-reliability ratio. Products made from it are reliable, there are no bells and whistles, they can be classified as old school without the slightest hesitation - an old friend.

It is used for cases when a higher toughness is required than that of steel grade 12X - for the manufacture of cold dies of high resistance to abrasion (mainly with a rounded working part), not subject to strong shocks and shocks, drawing boards and drawing dies, eyes for calibrating bar metal for knurling threads, bending and forming dies, complex sections of body dies, which, during hardening, should not be subjected to significant volumetric changes and warpage, dies and punches for punching and punching dies, stampings of the active part of electrical machines and electromagnetic systems of electrical apparatus.
For the manufacture of profiling rollers of complex shapes, sections of body dies of complex shapes, complex hole-piercing dies when forming sheet metal, reference gears, knurling dies, drawing dies, dies and punches for punching, punching dies (including combined and sequential ones) with a complex configuration of working parts, stampings of the active part of electrical machines.

GOSTs and TUs for Kh12MF steel

GOST 1133-71 "Forged round and square steel. Assortment";
GOST 4405-75
GOST 5950-2000 "Rods, strips and coils of alloyed tool steel. General specifications.";
GOST 14955-77 "Quality round steel with special surface finish. Specifications.";
GOST 2590-2006 "Steel hot-rolled round bars. Assortment.";
GOST 2591-2006 "Hot-rolled square section steel. Assortment.";
GOST 7417-75 "Sizing round steel. Assortment.";
GOST 4405-75 "Hot-rolled and forged strips from tool steel. Assortment.";
GOST 8559-75 "Square calibrated steel. Assortment.";
GOST 8560-78 "Calibrated hexagonal rolled stock. Assortment.";
GOST 1133-71 "Round and square forged steel. Assortment.";
TU 14-11-245-88 "High precision shaped steel profiles. Specifications.";

Chemical composition of Kh12MF steel

C	Cr	Cu	Mn	Mo	Ni	P	S	Si	V
1,45-1,65	11,0-12,5	≤0,30	0,15-0,45	0,4-0,6	≤0,40	≤0,030	≤0,030	0,1-0,4	0,15-0,3

Mechanical properties of Kh12MF steel

Mechanical properties as a function of test temperature

Delivery status	Section, mm	t isp. ,°C	t holiday,°C	S t |S 0.2, MPa	s B ,MPa	d5,%	d4	d	d 10	y ,%	KCU, kJ / m 2	HB	HRC	HRB	HV	HSh
Specimens 10 mm in diameter, 50 mm long, forged and annealed. Deformation rate 1.1 mm/min, deformation rate 0.0004 1/s
		700			≥140	≥44				≥68
		800			≥125					≥58
		900			≥81	≥46				≥54
		1000			≥46					≥49
		1100			≥25	≥48				≥48

Physical properties of Kh12MF steel

Test temperature, °C	20	300	600	800
Modulus of normal elasticity (E, GPa)
Torsional shear modulus (G, GPa)
Density (r, kg / m 3)	7700
Thermal conductivity coefficient (l, W/(m °С))
Oud. electrical resistance (R, NΩ m)	580
Linear expansion coefficient (a, 10 -6 1/°С)		10,9	11,4	12,2
Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg °C))

Technological parameters X12MF

Other information about X12MF

Temperature of critical points:

Hardness:

Delivery condition, heat treatment mode	HRC e surface	HRC e core	HRB	HB	HV	HSD
High-quality and strip hire. Annealing or high tempering				≤255
Samples. Oil quenching from 960-980°С + Tempering at 180°С	≥61
Quenching in air from 1010-1030 °С + Tempering at 200 °С	≥63
Quenching in air from 1010-1030 °С + Tempering at 300 °С	≥61
Quenching in air from 1010-1030 °С + Tempering at 400 °С	≥60
Quenching in air from 1010-1030 °С + Tempering at 500 °С	≥61
Samples. Hardening into oil from 950-1000 °C	≥61

Endurance limit:

Heat treatment, steel condition	s -1 , MPa	t -1 , MPa	n	s B ,MPa	s 0.2, MPa
HRC e 60	800
HRC e 56	650

Heat resistance, red resistance: