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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel by M. Twain. Published in 1885. From this work, according to E. Hemingway, "came all modern American literature."

As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), the novel was conceived immediately after the completion of the first of the novels, but the implementation of the plan stretched out for almost a decade, as a result of which the two famous books about boys from the Mississippi coast are both similar and different from each other.

For all the realism of the details, "Tom Sawyer" is an idyll, colored with humor and slightly flavored with nostalgic sentimentality. This stopped moment won by art from time is the golden age of childhood with its serene freedom, abundance of strength and imagination, infinity of play, thanks to which the monotony of provincial life is transformed into adventure, poverty into wealth, prose into poetry. The book about Tom, according to Twain's later (in a letter of 1887) admission, is "just a hymn that is put on a prosaic form in order to give it an earthly look." The anthem glorifies not the pompous, "decent" social norm (relations with which Twain himself were very problematic), but the charm of life in its spontaneous, invincible, inimitable non-normativeness.

In the new novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain makes one of his young heroes a narrator: the effect of transcriptional writing (unfortunately, almost disappearing in Russian translation) creates the illusion of a naive, free oral narration, the gracious immediacy of the relationship between the narrator (Huck) and the listener (reader) in the "oblivion" of etiquette, literary and grammatical norms. The composition of the novel, as almost always in Twain's, is amorphous, the episodes are strung on the thread of a journey, which would more accurately be called an escape from civilization. Its purpose is conditional, even illusory: Huck and the nave Jim are not so much moving as they are driven by the mighty and capricious current of the Mississippi. Having slipped through the fog of Cairo, from where Jim intended to flee to the North, to freedom (the artificiality of this move was noted by everyone who wrote about the novel: in order to get to the free state of Illinois, it was enough for travelers to cross the river from Jackson Island), the raft glides along the river, farther south, and therefore the risk of exposure and new bondage only increases. The raft is the only haven, the hideout of Huck and Jim, an orphan boy and an escaped slave who are both homeless, defenseless and can only rely on loyalty to each other. Any contact with other people, any trip to the shore is fraught with violence, betrayal or deception for them. Pictures of life along the banks of the great American river are colorful, but unattractive, everywhere the same: dirt, stupidity, stupefying village boredom, habitual cruelty and fear, cynical deception. Forced to interact with the dangerous world of adults, Huck defends himself from it by playing. He changes masks over and over again, not inferior in this to professional actors (for example, the King and Duke), and sometimes even surpassing them, "replaying" them. Compared to his desperate improvisations, Tom Sawyer's book plays for the most part look artificial, even blown out. But, for all his dedication to the game, Huck is endowed with a "non-childish" sensitivity to other people's pain, his sympathy extends even to those who, it seems, are least able to cause him. “People can be very cruel to each other,” - such is his commentary, restrained and succinct, to the scene of the massacre of the King and Duke - scoundrels, undoubtedly deserving of punishment.

Perhaps the most famous scene in all American literature is the moment, near the end of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, when Huck makes a choice between conscience as a social prescription, an internalized voice of public opinion (he tells owners) and conscience as an immediate moral instinct. Desperate determination to “burn in hell”, having deliberately sinned against the first, demonstrates the enviable health of the second.

The rich, complex sounding of the novel, which combines elements of idyll and picaresque, everyday life and "wild" humor, romantic myth and evil social satire, provided him with a privileged place in Twain's work, in the tradition of American realism and in the national literary canon, no matter how reappraised he was was exposed.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn An analysis of Mark Twain's work will help prepare you for the lesson.

"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" analysis

Year of writing — 1884

genre- novel

the main idea- honest friendship and devotion, loyalty and decency.

In this work, Mark Twain tries to embody the main idea of his work - that the sources of spiritual nobility never run out, and a person has enough strength to cope with the most difficult situations.

Main characters: Huckleberry Finn, Huck's father, Miss Watson, Tom Sawyer, Judge Thatcher, Widow Douglas, Jim, The King and Duke

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Problems:

the problem of freedom;
friendship problem;
the problem of human happiness;
the problem of education;
the problem of society;
the problem of slavery ...

Mark Twain was an opponent of racism and slavery, and through the lips of his heroes directly and unequivocally declares this from the pages of the novel.

Freedom, friendship, happiness are universal values. Freedom has always been considered an undeniable value. Since ancient times, a person who sought to gain freedom was executed, subjected to sophisticated torture. But no trials could extinguish the love of freedom.

Freedom is the ability to manifest one's will, the ability to act in accordance with one's goals and interests; no restrictions.

At the time of the creation of the novel, slavery was the order of things in the southern United States, it was legal, and helping a slave escape was going against the law. Slavery was sanctified by the church, and Huck has to make the most important choice in life: should he follow the letter of the law or follow the movements of his heart? If you obey your heart, then you need to free Jim, that is, go against the law and the church. But for Huck it is better to burn in hell than to betray his comrade.

The plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

This story tells how Huckleberry Finn was taken in by the widow Douglas. She decided to instill in him good manners and raised him in every possible way. Huck cannot stand such an attitude and decided to run away from her to his drunken father. Huck also escapes from his father, but in order to divert the investigation along the wrong path, he staged a robbery of a shack and his own murder. He met a runaway negro Jim, who also decided to go on the run, when he heard that his mistress was going to sell him to slave traders. Next, by boat, they move to a houseboat, a cave in which they are housed. Fleeing from pursuers, Huck changes into a girl's outfit. Then they sail on a raft on the Mississippi. At night they sailed on a raft on which Jim made a hut and a second high floor, and during the day they slept, camouflaging the raft with green branches. Then they meet with adventurers, the King and Duke, who constantly came up with new adventures and scams, sometimes to earn a living, and sometimes to rob people and escape. Huck loves the dexterity with which the King and Duke trick the simple-minded inhabitants of the small towns they meet on their way. But one day their fellow travelers decided to deceive the orphans. Huck intervened, he believed that deceiving orphans was unfair. After the scam, thanks to Huck's actions, fell through, the scammers turn Jim over to the authorities. They did this to take revenge on Huck and to earn the money that was owed for the capture of the fugitive blacks. To save Jim from slavery, Huck sets out to find Tom Sawyer so that his friend can help rescue Jim from trouble. Tom not only helps in organizing Jim's escape, but also turns him into a powerful performance. It turns out, however, that the escape was organized in vain. Jim's mistress died, and before she died, she managed to give freedom to her slave.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel by the American writer Mark Twain, a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, published in 1876. Twain worked on the piece for about ten years. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was first published in 1884 in Great Britain. In 1885, the Concord Public Library, Massachusetts, called the novel "slum-only rubbish" and banned it. Twain was ironic about this, writing to his publisher that the library's decision would sell "another 25,000 copies of the book."

In the mid-20th century, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People discovered racist aspects of the novel and demanded that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be removed from New York high schools. Subsequently, the book has more than once had problems due to allegedly racist statements.

Features of the language of the work

The story is told from the perspective of Huckleberry Finn, a poorly educated kid who speaks a southwestern dialect. The novel is written in a colorful folk language, Negro dialectisms, colloquial expressions, slang are used. Mark Twain decided on a bold renewal of the literary language. Not least because of this, his "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" played a major role in the history of American literature. No wonder Ernest Hemingway wrote about this novel: "All American literature came out of one book - Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn."

The main characters of the novel

The protagonist of the book, Mark Twain made Huckleberry Finn - a tramp boy belonging to the lower strata of the population. He escapes from the city of St. Petersburg from the widow Douglas, who sheltered him. He loathes a life in which you have to follow a huge number of rules. Then Huck escapes from his drunken father, who is often cruel to the child. Meeting the runaway negro Jim, he goes on a journey with him, during which he experiences many adventures. The pages of the novel reveal the struggle of contradictory tendencies in Huck's soul. On the one hand, the boy is not alien to the traditional attitude towards slavery in the South of the United States. On the other hand, in the name of goodness, friendship with the Negro Jim, he is ready to sacrifice a lot. Huckleberry even agrees to burn in hell - these are not empty words for him. Huck truly believes in the existence of the underworld.

The second positive character of the novel is the Negro Jim, who ran away from his mistress Miss Watson because she wanted to sell him. Jim appears before the readers as a man with a big heart and a noble soul. He is loyal to Gek, not as a master, but as a friend. Jim dreams of freedom, but is ready to sacrifice his dream for the sake of Huck and his friend Tom Sawyer. When Tom is wounded in the leg, Jim decides to wait for the doctor, risking slavery again.

Huck and Jim have one very important thing in common. Both of them have a natural attitude. These characters are depicted on the pages of the book as nature created them.

Composition

Mark Twain leads Huckleberry Finn through a series of tests that are given incrementally, that is, as the events of the book develop, the laws of civilization increasingly intrude into the natural life of Huck and Jim's Negro.

The first part is the period of idyll. Huck and Jim are on the raft. Their life in the bosom of nature, far from civilization, can be called ideal. In the second part, Huckleberry has to protect the Negro Jim from collision with civilization with all his might. Any respectable American becomes dangerous, but the greatest danger is a pair of swindlers - the king and the duke. This part vividly shows the struggle in the soul of Huck, which was mentioned above. The turning point is the episode when Huckleberry and Jim lost each other in the fog. After the danger has passed, the boy decides to play a gullible negro. Jim shows touching concern for his friend: “And when Jim woke up and saw Huck safe and sound, hot tears flowed from his eyes, and Jim wanted to kiss your feet, so Jim was happy and happy. And you, Huck, were just thinking about how to make fun of poor old Jim, fool him, deceive him! " Huck becomes ashamed and finds the strength to ask Jim for forgiveness.

In the third part of the book, Huckleberry's moral position is clearly outlined. He is shown as a brave boy who, with special resourcefulness, saves the Negro Jim. At the same time, Huck does not shy away from using any methods to achieve the goal. In its contradictory nature, humanity is combined with practicality. Huckleberry is kind by nature, he pities even the cruel bandits who remained on the sinking ship. Despite this, good people for Huck are eccentrics who are gladly used by all sorts of fraudsters.

Key Topics

Mark Twain spoke out against racism, as reflected in the pages of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Noteworthy are the lines from a letter from Twain, dated 1901, that is, written many years after the publication of the novel: "One of my theories is that the hearts of people are the same all over the world, regardless of skin color." In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain advocates for the rights of both Huck and Jim's Negro. Moreover, the writer clearly admires their kind hearts.

(The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom Sawyer the Detective, The Tom Sawyer Conspiracy). A teenager 12-14 years old, Tom's friend, who is involved in numerous common adventures with him, comes from a poor single-parent family. Only in the first novel is the story told on behalf of the author. The rest of the series is narrated by Huckleberry Finn.

History of creation

The name of the hero - Huckleberry, which is traditionally translated into Russian as Huckleberry - translated from English means the name of a small berry, like blueberries or blueberries. In a figurative sense, in the time of Mark Twain, this word was used in the sense of "a person who means little, not having influence."

The image of Huck Finn was copied by Twain from his own childhood friend, whose name was Tom Blankenship. The author writes about this in his autobiography:

“In Huckleberry Finn, I brought Tom Blankenship exactly the way he was. Rude, unwashed and always hungry, but with the kindest heart of anyone I knew. He enjoyed unlimited freedom and was the only truly independent person in our town and, as a result, constantly and serenely happy. We all envied him. "

There were many moments in the life of Mark Twain's little friend that frankly coincide with the events of the books. Tom's family was insecure, and his older brother really helped one fugitive negro hide. For the return of escaped blacks, a monetary reward was due, which a poor family would have had, no doubt, by the way.

In addition, in the slave-owning South of America, harboring blacks was considered a shameful act for people with white skin. But the guy did not give up the fugitive slave and helped him. These events, in a slightly modified form, were included in Mark Twain's second novel.

Biography

The characterization of the hero and the vicissitudes of the life of a homeless boy will seem dramatic these days. However, Twain's novels are about adventures, and the heroes themselves are happy to live as they live. Papa Finn, Huck's father, is a homeless drunkard, and the hero's mother has died. Huck himself spends the night by the river, in an empty barrel where sugar was previously stored. The hero looks ragged and grows like grass, a street child. Other teenagers are forbidden to make friends with the "dysfunctional" Huck, who smokes a pipe, loafers, does not go to school and at the same time looks utterly pleased with such a life.

Tom Sawyer, however, violates this prohibition, for which he is sometimes punished. Together, friends go through a string of adventures and even find a treasure. Huck suddenly becomes rich, and the hero's life turns upside down. He has an adoptive mother - the widow Douglas, who takes over the upbringing of Huck. The hero is not used to such a life and, most importantly, to the fact that they are trying to educate him, so he escapes from the supervision of the widow. In the company of Jim (a negro who escaped from his masters) and two adventurers known as "The Duke" and "The King", Huckleberry Finn travels on a raft along the Mississippi River.

Huck's life before he found the treasure and became rich looked unattractive for adults, but the hero himself liked him, who put personal independence much higher than a clean suit and household amenities.

“He didn’t have to wash or put on a clean dress, and he knew how to swear amazingly. In a word, he had everything that makes life beautiful. "

Before "adoption" the guy was completely on his own and could do what he wanted. No one forced the hero to go to school, wear uncomfortable clothes and behave in a certain way, as is customary in society.

Widow Douglas takes up the task of raising a hero. In the widow's house, Huck is surrounded by servants who treat him as if the hero were a little master - they wash, comb their hair with a brush and a comb, put him to bed on clean sheets, which seem unpleasant to the hero. The widow insists that Huck attend church and eat with a fork and knife.

These conditions seem unbearable to the young man, and he escapes, having survived under the care of the widow Douglas for only three weeks. Tom Sawyer cunningly forces his friend to return, but it does not help for long. The desire to regain independence is the reason that the hero leaves the city where he was born forever and goes on a dangerous journey along the river, before that he faked his own death so that people would no longer look for him.

Screen adaptations

The books about the adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn have been filmed several times. In 1981, a three-part Soviet film The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, directed by the director, was released. Young heroes make their way to the cemetery at night in search of adventure and witness how Injun Joe commits murder. Later, the heroes once again encounter him when they are looking for a treasure. The roles of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn are actors and.

In 1993 the film adaptation of The Adventures of Huck Finn with the title role was released in the USA. It plays up the story of an escaped slave and a raft trip on the Mississippi River.

The last film based on the works of Mark Twain was released not so long ago, in 2014. It's called Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. There, the character Huck Finn is played by Jake T. Austin, who previously starred in the comedy series The Wizards of Waverly Place.

In 1992, a 12-episode animated series about the adventures of Huckleberry Finn was released in France. In Japan, too, this topic was not ignored and the anime series "Huckleberry no Bouken" was shot in 1976, and in 1991 the animated film of the same name appeared. A couple of years later, the series decided to restart, and a new version was released, with a new director and the name "Huckleberry Finn Monogatari".

Huck Finn happened to appear on the screen in the form of a fox. In 2000, an animated film was released in the United States, where the characters in "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" are depicted as animals. Tom himself became a young cat, and Becky Thatcher was turned into a white cat.

The rest of the cartoon is filmed close to the novel by Mark Twain, with the exception of a slightly changed ending and rearrangement of some events. For example, the episode where Becky and Tom are lost in a cave is moved to the very end in the cartoon, and Fox-Huck befriends Tom's ex-girlfriend (which was not in Twain's text).

In the US state of Alabama, Mark Twain's works are republished with revisions, cleaning up what can offend African Americans. There were as many as 219 such "offensive" words in the novel about Huckleberry Finn. It's funny that at one time Mark Twain also suffered because of racial nagging, but then the situation was exactly the opposite.

The writer is an ardent opponent of slavery and the ideology of racism; he did not hide his position and directly voiced it in books. This is precisely what caused the indignation of contemporaries. Mark Twain's book on Huckleberry Finn was even removed from a public library in Massachusetts. On this occasion, Twain wrote to the publisher:

"They excluded Huck from the library as 'slum-only rubbish', so we will no doubt sell another 25,000 copies of the book."

In the second half of the twentieth century, this book again began to be excluded from the curriculum in some American schools, but this time because of the "racist statements" that were unexpectedly found in it.

Who is the narrator in the story? How can you explain this?

In the tale of the adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator is Huck himself. We remember that in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the storyteller was the author, not the protagonist. The narrator's choice of Huck Finn gives the author the opportunity to more closely and accurately acquaint the reader with the thoughts and feelings of this hero during his journey through the Mississippi.

What did Huck and Jim know about kings and nobles? What do you know, for example, about Louis XIV?

Huck read a lot to Jim "about different kings, dukes, earls and other important gentlemen, about how proud they are and how splendidly they dress up, and how they magnify each other -" your majesty "," your lordship. " But when Jim asked Huck what the kings were doing, he replied: "Kings do nothing - they sit and stare around." He could not say anything more about these great people.

Reference. Louis XIV is a French king from the Bourbon dynasty. The years of his life are 1638-1715. He has been king since 1643. This was the heyday of absolutism in France. He is credited with the expression: "The state is me." Louis waged numerous wars, during his reign there were many popular uprisings.

How can you explain to an illiterate person that there are many different languages on earth? Did Huck do it well? What mistakes did he make in his explanations?

Huck tried to explain to Jim that there are many peoples in the world and each has its own language. He even called on the ways of animal communication to help him. Jim agreed that "... each animal speaks its own language." But I could not believe that a person can fail to understand another person and “not speak an honest human language”.

Huck, of course, in vain turned to the language of animals. But I could not find another way to explain the reason why there are so many languages. And there is no need to reproach him for this: so far, scientists have not found a convincing and general answer to this question.

Reference. There are more than two and a half thousand languages on Earth. The languages of international communication and international organizations are considered to be English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French - these are the official and working languages of the United Nations.

Describe “a pleasant life on a raft”. What do you think made her so attractive?

The life on the raft, which Huck and Jim led, liked them above all because they were free from any obligations and all their activities were caused by severe necessity. And the time for their journey was the most pleasant: warm summer days delighted travelers. They fished, lit fires, cooked their own food, swam and watched from the dense thickets of bushes and trees for the ships and floats passing by.

How can you explain Huck's statement: “Sometimes the whole river was at our disposal”?

Huck was right, because sometimes they could not be very careful: after all, Jim could always be caught as a runaway slave. Therefore, only at night, when everyone was asleep, they slowly floated along the river, and at that time it could be assumed that the whole river was at their disposal.

How did the meeting with the "strangers" come about? Did Huck and Jim immediately realize who was in front of them?

The meeting with the "strangers" happened unexpectedly: they saw the fugitives, who were begging to save their lives. Huck immediately said that they could escape from pogo by walking a few steps in the water. Then the dogs and pursuers will not be able to guess that they have boarded the boat. The fugitives obeyed Huck, and soon all four were on a safe island.

Huck soon realized that there were swindlers in front of them. And the "strangers" themselves immediately revealed themselves, talking about their adventures. At first they decided to join their efforts in some regular fraud, but very soon the young swindler came up with a more profitable move.

Tell us how the bald swindler became a king and his companion a duke.

As soon as the young swindler began to say that he was a duke in exile, the bald old man called himself king. Huck and Jim "began to dignify him, to please him in every possible way, and stood before him at ease until he invited him to sit down." But this annoyed the duke. However, the king urged him to cooperate, and the reconciliation took place. What is Huck? “However, I soon realized that these liars were not dukes or kings at all, but simply burned out charlatans and swindlers. But I didn’t say a word ... ”Jim never learned from Huck who they were traveling with.

Describe the meeting of friends - Huck and Tom. Try to prove that each of them behaves in accordance with their own character.

The meeting of the two friends was unusual and joyful: after all, Tom thought that Huck was dead. However, Huck quickly managed to convince Tom that he was not a spirit, but a living person. So from the very first minute, Tom demonstrated his adherence to all superstitions, and Huck - the speed of reaction and directness of decisions and explanations.

What plan did Tom come up with to hide Huck's thought (remember how Huck passed himself off as Thom)?

Tom was always ready for inventions. But they were often unnecessarily complicated and confusing. So, when he arrived at Aunt Sally's house, he first called himself William Thomson, then Sid. And instead of immediately identifying himself, he first kissed poor Aunt Sally on the lips and frightened her with this, because she took him for a stranger.

How do you explain Tom's trick with Aunt Sally?

The trick with Aunt Sally convinces us that Tom does not know how to compose simple jokes, and his inventions are always extremely intricate.

Describe the end of the epic of the two crooks.

Fraudsters - the king and the duke decided to introduce the "Cameleopard", and at first everything went well, but the farmers guessed about the deception, and on one of their inventions the beetles were caught. Huck and Tom saw how the locals dealt with them: they were smeared with tar and dumped in feathers, so that they lost their human image. In addition, they were put on poles and dragged along the road, blowing horns, pounding tin pans, yelling and cursing.

Why was Tom injured? How do you explain the reason for this event?

Tom was injured through his own fault. An excess of fantasy led to this sad result. Knowing that Jim was released and there is a special document on this matter, which means that no one can and should not catch him, he decided to portray the "abduction" of a poor negro. During this "abduction" he was wounded.

Try to reproduce and comment on Tom's confession.

Tom told how he and Huck were preparing Jim's escape, for this they wrote all sorts of anonymous letters, painted coffins and all sorts of horrors on them, dug under the closet, filled the shed with rats, snakes and various vipers for Jim's company ... Tom, how they fled afterwards. Tom was proud and did not understand how many stupid things he had done and how he risked thanks to these inventions.

Finally, when he found out that Jim was again in prison, he betrayed a "secret": the old Miss Watson gave Jim a free will according to her will.

Make a story about the Negro Jim - his character, views, superstitions, how his fate developed.

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Negro Jim plays an important role - one of the most attractive characters in this book. He is illiterate, he has a difficult fate. But all the hardships of life did not spoil his character at all. He is not only good-willing, but also intelligent and hardworking. He has self-esteem and humor. His observation is the observation of an intelligent child. Jim did not understand that the "strangers" were ordinary crooks, although Huck quickly caught it. Jim did not feel anger when the whole absurdity of Tom's inventions about his release was revealed ... He is very superstitious, no less superstitious are his friends - Tom and Huck .

Prepare a tiny scene about Aunt Sally and Aunt Polly meeting. You can just read it in faces or write a dramatization.

Characters

The first phenomenon

Aunt Sally. Oh my God, Polly! (She hugs and kisses her sister.)

Aunt Polly (to Tom). Yes, you are doing well that you turn away, if I were you, I would be ashamed to look people in the eye, Tom!

Aunt Sally. Oh my God! Has he changed to such an extent? It's not Tom, it's Sid. Tom ... Tom was here this minute. Where did he go?

Aunt Polly. You mean, probably where did Huck Finn go? I hope I raised this naughty Tom myself, so I don’t know him! Come out from under the bed, Huck Finn. "

So a tiny scene made it possible to sort out the confusion that Tom Sawyer had created.

Can the forty-second chapter be considered the denouement of events, or, in your opinion, is it an epilogue, an afterword? Try to prove your case.

The forty-second chapter can be considered the denouement of events. It is here that "who is who" is clarified and the fate of heroes is decided. Until that moment, Jim sat on bread and water, and Tom was sure that Jim was already wandering somewhere as a free person. Before this chapter, Tom was Sid, Huck was Tom.

Prepare a story about one of your friends. Explain your choice. Both stories can be used in the story.

Of the two friends, one likes Tom more, the other - Huck. Let's read the stories of students who not only characterized friends, but also looked for an answer to the question of whether it is worth having such comrades.

Tom Sawyer

The story of Tom Sawyer should begin with how he lived with Aunt Polly and how the poor old woman had to endure his constant antics and fantasies. At the same time, we immediately understand that she loves this fidget and mischievous person more than the quiet and obedient Sid.

He is an inventor and a dreamer, always the instigator of all sorts of ideas. However, although he himself gets down to business, his comrades are always involved in these tricks as well.

Let's remember how he painted the fence. He figured out how to make his acquaintances work for him. Of course, the boys worked with pleasure, but he himself saved himself from this work.

Let us also recall how he came up with the idea of "abducting" Jim, already freed from captivity. To make it more interesting, he risked the life of a poor negro and his own.

Recalling the inventions of this hero with pleasure, we will think very, very much before making such a boy our comrade.

Huckleberry Finn

Huckleberry Finn is the son of a local pro-fiend with a fierce disposition, so Huck could well have suffered and even died from the "worries" of his daddy. He was a boy who could have been like his father if not for his good health, calm disposition, balanced character and natural intelligence. He was also distinguished by his benevolent attitude towards those who surrounded him.

The inhabitants of the town in which he lived noted his dignity, and the widow Douglas even tried to take him into education and took great care of the boy. But with his good disposition, he was not at all inclined to diligent work at school and very quickly was again left to himself.

The description of his trip with Jim in the Mississippi is the story of yet another Ro-Binsonade. The travelers had to hide. They sailed at night, and during the day they lived on islets that abounded in the river - they fished, cooked their own food, secretly watched the ships and rafts passing by. Sometimes it even seemed to them that the whole river was at their disposal.

The long voyage ended when they got to Aunt Polly. Observing this journey gives us the right to say that Huck was a very good and loyal companion.

Create a comparative description of Thom and Huck.

By characterizing each of the boys, we have already laid the foundation for their comparison. Let's try to briefly name their common and different qualities.

Both boys are determined, you cannot call them cowards. They are brave, agile and athletic. Boys are superstitious, and today such belief in omens may seem ridiculous.

Tom is distinguished by exuberant imagination: he is not only always inclined to fantasize about any reason, but at the same time he often loses his sense of proportion. So, at the end of the second story, he almost died himself and did not destroy Jim, although there was no reason for everything that he did.

Huck is distinguished by calmness and self-control. Quickly realizing that the "strangers" are ordinary crooks, he managed not only to hide it, but also not to give Jim a reason for unnecessary worries.

What qualities of Tom and Huck attract you? Which ones are surprising? Do these boys have qualities that you don't like? Why?

Of course, every reader is attracted to Tom and Huck by their courage and determination, their sports prowess that life on the river gave them, their love of adventure and loyal friendship.

Many readers are surprised by the indefatigability of Tom's fantasy and his inability to subordinate his own designs to the control of his mind. Huck, perhaps, does not surprise the reader - he is simple, clear and reliable.

In Tom, some are annoyed by the lack of a sense of proportion, and in Huck - his excessive gullibility and quick response to Tom's plans and undertakings. But not everyone has such assessments, and each of these assessments has its own reason, which must be given to the student himself.

The stories are titled The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. What are the most important adventures in each of these stories? Find episodes in stories that reveal the most interesting events. Compare them and decide what is the difference between them.

In the first story, Tom has several terrible adventures. And among these adventures, the events in the underground catacombs, in the caves, which end with the death of Indian Joe, and the events associated with the empty house, make the readers' hearts beat most of all. These are the scariest episodes.

There are many adventures that take place with friends in each of the stories. Since you have just read the second story, it is worth recalling the most important events of this "Robinsonade", which took place on the Mississippi River. Some of them are in the textbook-reader, and you have already discussed them.

What is the difference between the two stories? The first seems to be more cheerful and lively. It also has its own character, Becky Thatcher. And both heroes participate almost on an equal footing.

In the second story, Tom Sawyer plays a very small role. This story is sadder, and it contains more information about the difficulties and difficulties with which the life of America abounded in those years. Slavery, a cruel attitude towards blacks and, in general, towards people whose fate is not arranged, are drawn here in much more detail. We also see more clearly that Tom Sawyer is careless of the possible results of his inventions and improvisations, which more vividly conveys his character. Material from the site

What events in the lives of boys most accurately give an idea of the life of cities like St. Petersburg on the Mississippi?

Most accurately, it is not some specific episodes of the boys' life that give an idea of the life of little St. Petersburg on the Mississippi, but a description of all life - its course, events to which the author referred. It must be remembered that both stories are largely autobiographical, and the author not only created works of art, but recalled his childhood with joy and sadness.

Where and why did not only St. Petersburg appear in the stories, but also Cairo? How did these small towns get such big names?

In America, there are many cities and towns that bear the names of large cities and even capitals of different countries. They were given by people who inhabited the vastness of a new continent and wanted to somehow connect life in these still uncultivated lands with those distant lands where they came from. That is why so often the names of various cities in the world are found on the US map.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn begins with a short retelling (plot presentation) of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Read this passage carefully and prepare to convey the plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

The first chapter of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells how the book about the adventures of Tom Sawyer ended. Tom and Huck found the money, which the robbers buried in the cave. So the friends got rich and, when they put this money in the bank, they began to receive a profit - a dollar a day.

But Huck's adventures were not interrupted. He began to get used to living with a widow: he went to school correctly and even received encouragements for his good studies. Soon his father appeared in the city, who decided to take Huck away from the widow. He took his son to a sa-model hut in the forest, in which they lived for some time. But his father's hard drinking became more and more terrible, and Huck decided to run away, so much so that his formidable father decided that his son was killed. The cunning plan was carried out, and Huck began to live on an island near the city, and soon met the Negro Jim on the same island. Poor Jim fled because he learned that they wanted to sell him to the South, to the slave regions. Thus, the imaginary dead Huck and the fugitive Jim began their journey through the Mississippi. Wanderers have experienced many adventures - on the islands, and on the banks of the river, and in a sunken house, and on board a steamer that almost sank. It seemed that the adventure ended when the heroes met in the house of Tom's own aunt Polly. However, even here new trials awaited them.

How did the people who knew him closely assess the actions of Huck Finn?

Tom Sawyer, Jim the Negro, and all of the heroes Huck had met appreciated the adolescent's honesty and responsiveness. But some adults were able to see in him those qualities that hindered and could hinder him even more at an older age. Huck did not like to study. He was very fond of independence and did not know how to obey any order. He did not know how to resist the dishonest antics of his random companions. So, the two crooks that he and Jim rescued, they were exploited and were, of course, very unpleasant companions. Huck saw all this and understood, but considered it best to pretend that everything was going as it should.

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On this page material on topics:

chapter 14 analysis of Huckleberry Finn's Adventures
game based on the story of the adventures of huckleberry finn
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