Powered by electrical energy created. Inverter-battery backup power supply system. Backup power supply project

Maybe somewhere in Europe, electricity supplies are stable, there are no accidents on power grids, and if they do, they are eliminated within a few minutes. And we live in Russia, and after a freezing rain, we can sit for three to four weeks without electricity, while teams of electricians will splicate torn power lines, and the Emergencies Ministry will remove blockages and restore infrastructure.

Therefore, the backup power supply at home in Russia is not a whim of the homeowner, but a vital necessity. In order to understand in which direction to dig, which backup power sources to choose, and what parameters they should have, it is necessary, first, to consider situations in which a typical owner may find himself without electricity.

The timing in which you may need a backup power supply at home

According to the duration, the timing of power outages can be conditionally divided into 4 groups, each with its own characteristics:

Micro - power outages due to line breakdowns or short-term voltage sags. Such outages can last from a few seconds to several minutes. Then the power supply is restored, but all consumers in the house can be turned off (the settings of the volatile memory in the devices are lost, the circulation pumps are turned off, the control panels for the heat generators are also turned off).
Short-term power outages due to disconnection at the KTP (burnout of fusible links due to overloads on the line, due to a short circuit on 0.4 kVA power lines, disconnection of the line for short-term work). Since the "scale of the disaster" is local, the service departments are not in a hurry to go out to eliminate the accident. The shutdown period is 1-12 hours.
Medium-term power outages due to large accidents on power lines, due to accidents on high-voltage power lines, due to accidents initiated by third-party organizations during work (cable damage during the work of utilities or gas services). They try to eliminate such accidents as quickly as possible, but due to the amount of work, the shutdown period is 12-24 hours.
Long-term power outages due to natural disasters (massive damage to power lines and KTP in hurricane wind, freezing rain, flooding). All the forces of utilities and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are rushing to eliminate such accidents, but due to the scale of the destruction and the large area of work, the shutdown time can be up to 3-4 weeks.

Depending on which of the above situations is typical for the area of your residence, it is worth thinking about how to solve this issue, and organize a backup power supply at home - choose a scheme and choose devices.

Backup power supply at home - choose backup power supply sources

Consider the most optimal backup power supply sources for each power outage period:

For micro-outages for a period from a few seconds to several minutes to power the devices vital to your home (burner and automation, circulation pump, smart home systems), the simplest uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with a standard battery (battery) is suitable. according to the declared characteristics. The main requirement for a UPS is a pure sine (output voltage waveform) at the output to power the circulation pump and modern boiler automation.
For short-term power outages for up to 12 hours, the most optimal system will be an uninterruptible power supply and several connected batteries of sufficient capacity to power your devices for up to 12 hours. This requires an uninterruptible power supply capable of charging and being powered by external batteries. Be prepared to increase the total capacity of your batteries to 200-400 Ah.
For a medium-term power outage for up to 24-48 hours, you will definitely need a generator - gasoline or diesel. Only a generator will be able to keep your emergency system up and running for that period. Most of the time, the backup power supply of the house is carried out from a UPS with a battery, and every 4-6 hours you start a gasoline generator and charge batteries, and also power everything off-line. Such a backup power supply system has an indisputable plus - it works much more economically than constant power from a gas generator.
With a prolonged power outage, the backup power supply of the house comes from the same bundle "UPS plus battery plus generator". However, you should think in advance about how to have enough fuel for the generator - gasoline or diesel fuel, depending on the type of generator.

Why not just drive the generator during outages or just have a battery with an inverter?

It is possible and so, but these schemes have disadvantages, which the system of backup power supply "UPS plus battery plus generator" is deprived of.

With shutdown periods of more than a day, a generator will still be required to maintain the backup power supply system "in good shape".

If there is no UPS in the system, then upon shutdown, if the owner does not have time to react in time, the heating system on the TT boiler can go “into the wild”. Combustion will continue in the furnace and the temperature will rise without circulation of the coolant.

There is a local overheating of the heating system, which, even with a safety group, will easily "boil" the boiler. The boiler and the boiler piping will suffer if it is not made of metal.

For a system without a generator, using only backup batteries, the life of such a system is limited by the capacity of the batteries. If you do not have a generator, then after the energy in the battery is exhausted, you will have nothing to charge them with, and the vital devices in your house will be de-energized.

As for the generator, when used with a UPS that gives a "pure sine" at the output, you can use any - even with the approximation of a sinusoid, even with a square wave.

An inverter generator will allow direct connection of devices that require a “pure sine” output from a generator or UPS.

In case you want to power any other devices directly from the generator, you should choose an inverter generator. Its cost is not very different from the usual one, but the inverter generator produces a voltage at the output in the form of a sinusoid, which is "to the liking" of all modern electronic devices and.

Backup power supply of a country house remains a topical issue at any time. Many owners of private country houses are faced with situations when electricity suddenly disappears. The correct solution to this problem is to provide electricity at home by organizing backup power.

Home backup power system

An autonomous power supply system can ensure the smooth operation of all equipment in the home. In the event of a failure of the stationary power grid, the backup power supply will be able to provide the power necessary for the operation of the devices. The power supplies that provide power to the home independent of the main network are different and are presented in a wide variety.

To provide electricity to a private country house in the event of an unplanned power outage, they often use:

Inverters
Rechargeable batteries

The main function of modern sources of backup power supply at home is to provide an uninterrupted supply of electricity to the home.

Redundant uninterruptible power supplies perform the following functions:

Control over the power grid
Filtering power surges
Battery charging

When the values of the supply system have critical parameters or there is no electricity at all, the automation switches on the inverter, which takes current from the battery.

For generator motors you need:

Diesel fuel
Petrol
Natural and liquefied gas

The choice of equipment for autonomous power supply at home

The duration and quality of operation of the devices depends on the correctness of the selected equipment for the backup power supply system at home. The choice of a backup power source should be approached responsibly.

For a private house, the following devices are usually chosen:

Inverters. These devices are different and have their own characteristics. You need to know that an inverter with a sine wave at the output gives better quality electricity and will be able to power all electrical appliances.
Batteries... You should be aware that the larger the battery capacity, the longer it will be possible to use the stored energy.

Modern backup power supply system

Modern backup uninterrupted power supply of a private house is possible with the help of solar panels. The battery system is an environmentally friendly way of generating electrical energy to power the grid. Solar cells are composed of photovoltaic modules that are covered with glass. This glass has a certain texture and allows it to absorb a lot of sunlight.

A wind generator can be used as a source of electricity only in an area where there is wind. Now this energy source is rarely used as a backup power supply for a country house due to unfavorable working conditions.

Gas generating power plants for electricity supply

Gas generating power plants can operate on natural and liquefied gas. They are connected to the gas system. The cost of running these power supplies is usually much lower than that of other generators.

Gas generating power plants have:

Synchronous, asynchronous battery
Built-in automatic control system

Most often, power plants are designed for uninterrupted long-term operation in auto mode with the ability to control remotely. There are less harmful emissions from these devices.

Gas generators for supplying electricity at home

A petrol generator is used to generate electrical energy of low power and can work for a while. These sources are available with air and water cooling systems.

Gasoline autonomous generator:

Has a compact size
Convenient for transportation
Suitable for home power supply

The gas generator is often used to supply electricity to private houses where there is a short time there is no electricity supply from the main power grid. It is not suitable for long-term operation.

Diesel generator for home power supply

The diesel generator is more powerful and, depending on the design features, can be designed for long-term operation.

It is supplied with:

Synchronous and asynchronous generator
Automatic control system

However, a diesel generator, like a gasoline generator, emits harmful combustion products during operation and creates a lot of noise when generating electricity. This requires the adoption of various technical measures in order to reduce the adverse impact.

Do-it-yourself uninterruptible power supply for a country house

In the work of the electricity supply of a private house, power outages often occur. To ensure the autonomous operation of power supply, many different devices and equipment are currently offered, but you can make an alternative source of power supply yourself, which is not so difficult.

You need to purchase an inverter and follow these steps:

To the side where the terminals are located, it is necessary to connect wires with a cross section of 4 square meters.
Then connect the charger cable to the terminal
After that, you can make the connection to the battery
Now everything connects to the inverter

A large selection of backup power sources of various capacities allows you to choose the most optimal power supply system for use in a country house. In order for the power grid to be reliable, you need to take into account various nuances both when creating a project and during installation. In addition, it must be remembered that the system must be secure.

With a power outage, life in a country house stops, and if it is winter outside and the heating system is volatile, the cottage may simply freeze over. When solving the problem of uninterruptible power supply, they usually face the question of “what to choose”: a generator or an uninterruptible power supply. I will try to objectively answer this question.

It should be said right away that there are different types of both generators and UPS in completely different price categories. We will keep this in mind when comparing.

Price comparison solutions

Types of generators for home

Cheapest Chinese Generators(gasoline, Chinese engine, brushless, without AVR automatic voltage regulation). With a power of 5 kW, its price will be ~ 25-35 tons. They are usually focused on working with an unpretentious and rough load (for example, a power tool). Voltage surges and poor signal quality at the output make them unsuitable for uninterruptible power supply at home. there is a high probability of failure of consumer electronics.
Budget branded chinese generators(petrol / diesel / gas, Chinese engine, brush, with AVR. Fubag, Kipor, Hyundai, Elemax, TSS and others) with a capacity of 5 kW will cost from ~ 45 to ~ 75t.r. This option is the cheapest uninterruptible power solution at home. Additionally for automation: ATS switchboard (~ 30tr.), Exhaust with a silencer (~ 20tr.), A container with ventilation, if there is no room in the house (~ 50tr.). Total: ~ 100-170t.r. On average, about 135t.r.
Branded generators with a Japanese engine(petrol / diesel, Honda, SDMO, Europower, etc.). Price from 110t.r. These are power plants with a large motor resource, with high voltage quality, there are practically no problems with starting. With automation from 160t.r. and higher. The average solution is about 200t.r.
Stationary gas generators(Generac, Briggs & Stratton). The usual solution is in the region of 250-300 tons. up to 10kW. Additionally: ATS, heating, a site for a generator (~ 100t.r.) + a project for connecting a generator + annual service. The average solution is about 350t.r.
Stationary powerful diesel power plants. The budget is about 250-500t.r. for 20kW. AVR + casing + platform + exhaust (~ 200t.r.). Total, on average, about 400t.r.

UPS for home - inverters (without voltage stabilization)

In the presence of voltage at the input, the inverter passes it through itself to the load. When the light is turned off, switching to battery power occurs in 2 - 20ms.

Budget Chinese inverters to individual machines. Pure sine, power 2.4kW (Stark, BiNeos and others). Installed on the most important load in the house: boiler, refrigerator, light, TV. With autonomy ~ 6-8 hours (2 batteries 200Ah each), the cost of the solution is ~ 65t.r.
Inverter for the whole phase- domestic MAP Pro “Energia” for 6 kW to power the entire phase. A set with 4 batteries and autonomy for 10-12 hours with a rack - ~ 160t.r.
Inverter for powering all 3 phases of the house... Inverter MAC Pro "Energy" 9.0 / 48 + automatic control panel AKF + 4 batteries 200Ah each + rack - ~ 190t.r. From increased autonomy to a day - about 270t.r.

UPS for Home - On-line (with voltage stabilization)

UPSOn-line type for 1kVA (0.8kW) only for uninterruptible power supply of a gas boiler with one, two or three external batteries. Autonomy for the boiler from 5 hours. Budget - from 25t.r.
UPS for 3kVA (2.4kW)- in addition to the heating system, you can power the refrigerator, lighting, TV, video surveillance, etc. 6 or 8 external batteries are connected. Autonomy from 6 hours. Budget ~ 90t.r.
UPS for 6 / 10kVA (5.4 / 9kW) for the whole phase. In this case, all consumers, whose work provides comfort in the house, can be collected per phase. 16 external batteries. Autonomous work from 6 hours. Budget from 120t.r. The average budget of such a solution with autonomy is about 12 hours - about 170t.r.
UPS 3in1 20kVA (18kW)- uninterrupted power supply for the whole house. The UPS combines the power from three phases into one. 16 external batteries. The budget is about 250t.r.
UPS 3v3 from 20kVA. With built-in batteries for autonomy up to 1.5 hours and external batteries for autonomy up to a day or more. 32-40 external batteries. Budget from 300t.r. The average solution is about 500t.r.

Now let's compare point by point.

I. Switch on backup power

Generators

In the event of a power failure at the input, the automation gives a command to start the generator engine. If the start is successful, it warms up, and then the voltage from the power plant is supplied to the house. All this takes from 10 to 120 seconds, depending on the type of generator and ATS settings. During this time, the home server will go into a reboot, the video surveillance system will not work, a modern gas boiler may have a program disrupted or an error may occur, the elevator in the house will get stuck. By the way, often to solve these problems, a UPS with a minimum battery life is used. What are the difficulties with the launch?

The generator has a discharged starting battery - the starter does not turn.
The generator has not started for a long time and therefore there were problems with the fuel supply: it fills up the candles, the carburetor is "soured" or airborne.
Insufficient engine oil level.
Forgot to fill the tank after the last operation.
There is a problem with the damper actuator
The power plant started working, but there were problems with cooling, and due to overheating it shut down abnormally.
The motor resource has been developed, etc.

UPS

The inverter switches to operation from the battery in one half-cycle of the sinusoid, i.e. the maximum time is 20ms. In other words, the equipment “will not feel” the moment of switching: the personal computer will not restart, the gas boiler will continue to work without interruption. On-line UPS switches to battery operation in 0 sec. - even the bulbs won't blink. The probability of switching to battery power tends to 100%, since, unlike a complex generator starting system, a high-speed power or solid-state relay in the inverter is responsible for switching, which is designed with a large margin of safety.

Conclusion number 1. During outages, uninterruptible power supplies have the advantage: the switching time is minimal, the probability of failure is practically excluded.

II. Battery life

Gasoline generators are designed for continuous operation for ~ 8 hours, then refueling, an hour of rest and again 8 hours of work.
Diesel mobile generators operate on one filling for about 20 hours.
Gas generators can operate continuously for up to 50 hours or more. In winter, every 50 hours of operation require an oil change in the engine.
Diesel stationary power plants can operate continuously with stops for service work (regulations vary greatly depending on the engine brand).

The operating time of uninterruptible power supplies is determined by the number and capacity of batteries (). If necessary, the battery life can be increased to several days. However, as practice shows, in the absence of catastrophically serious accidents in the power grid, the power outage time rarely exceeds 12 hours. It is for such a time that we, most often, at the request of our clients, design an uninterruptible power supply system for country houses.

It is important to note that fuel consumption does not change much depending on the load on the generator, and the remaining energy stored in the batteries depends on the power consumption in direct proportion. The advantage of the generator is that you can turn on, for example, an electric stove (within the power tolerance) without a big difference in fuel consumption. The advantage of uninterruptible power supplies is that in your absence from the house, electricity consumption is minimized and the batteries to maintain the operation of the gas boiler and refrigerator will last not for 12 hours, but for a day or more.

Conclusion number 2. Generators, with proper care and supervision, supply voltage until fuel is depleted. The operating time of uninterruptible power supplies is limited by the battery bank, which is most often selected on the basis of 12/24 hour autonomy. Powerful stationary diesel and gas power plants benefit from very long power outages.

III. Power quality

As a rule, the quality of power from the generators is at the minimum acceptable level. Sometimes you can see the blinking of lighting lamps, ripples on the TV screen. Budgetary models of generators, when “taking” the load or abruptly changing the output power (the electric kettle is turned on / off), issue high-voltage impulse noise and overvoltage into the power grid of the house, which can damage sensitive electronics (TV, boiler automation, server rooms, etc.). In this regard, we recommend always installing special surge protectors at the output of the power plant line.

The inverters produce a pure sine wave signal at the output, which is not much different from the quality of the signal from the transformer. Moreover, at the moment they control the value of the voltage at the input, when it deviates beyond the tolerance (values are set), they will automatically switch to battery operation, saving your household appliances and electronics.

An on-line UPS not only provides the highest quality signal at the output, but also provides complete equipment protection from all possible factors of a poor-quality network, which include: overvoltage surges, impulses, dips, “blinking”, harmonic distortion, interference, etc. NS. Double conversion provides super accurate voltage regulation (+ -1%). The most critical equipment in hospitals, banks, data centers, etc. is protected by this type of sources.

Conclusion number 3. Uninterruptible power supplies not only have significantly better voltage quality than generators, but also protect equipment from many possible problems that “come” from the external power grid, the on-line type of UPS also acts as a voltage stabilizer.

IV. Service and cost of ownership

Generators every 25-50 hours of operation or every 3 months require an oil change, less often the filter and spark plugs need to be replaced. It is necessary to have supplies of fuel and monitor its level. The starting battery is changed once a year. Good gas generators and stationary diesel power plants are always installed with the conclusion of a service contract (20-40 tons). The life of budget generators is 3-4 years, expensive ones - up to 10 years. Outdoor generators require crankcase and battery heating in winter. The price of fuel for one hour of operation is from 35 (gas / diesel) to 120 rubles (gasoline).

Inverters practically do not require maintenance (only in the case of very dusty rooms), because of the on-line cooling circuit, it is advisable to clean the on-line UPS every 1-2 years from dust (remove the case and vacuum it), the conversion efficiency is about 90%. The batteries are changed every 8-12 years depending on the operating conditions. One hour of work ~ 5 rubles (charge cost).

Conclusion number 4. Generators require regular maintenance and attention, uninterruptible power supplies do not require costs, the “set and forget” principle.

V. Comfort

Generators are noisy (especially diesel). It is very unpleasant if the blackout happened at night and the automation started the station. During operation, the smell of exhaust gases is felt in the area.

Inverters run completely silent. On-line UPSs are noisy with cooling fans - it is advisable to put them in a separate room. The batteries are completely sealed, no gases are emitted during charging and discharging.

Conclusion number 5. The operation of uninterruptible power supplies is more comfortable and environmentally friendly.

Vi. Installation

Generators of the budget segment with auto start are usually installed in the garage or on the basement floor. A ventilation system, exhaust gas removal and a vibration-insulating rubber layer are required. Power lines are laid through the whole house to the automation switchboard and further to the main switchboard (MSB). Gas generators must be installed outside on a specially prepared concreted area and according to the project agreed with the gas campaign (if you do not have a gas tank).

Large stationary diesel power plants are installed in a casing under a canopy or in an open version indoors. Laying of power lines underground is required.

The installation of the UPS is cost-effective and space-saving. Temperature is important - from 5 to 25C and normal humidity.

Conclusion number 6. Finding a place to install the UPS is easier and the cost of work is lower.

Outcome

We made a comparison of two fundamental solutions (UPS / generator) for providing a private house with electricity in the event of a power outage. Power plants have an advantage only in two cases:

If you need the cheapest solution for supplying the whole house with electricity: a manual start-up generator for 5-6 kW, which will work on the street for the whole cottage, will cost 50-60 tons. A generator with automatic equipment is comparable in price with an uninterruptible power supply.
With frequent and prolonged power outages (more than a day), gas and diesel power plants have an advantage.

In all other cases, it is better to use a UPS:

Higher reliability of entering the reserve
Longer battery life compared to budget automatic generators
Significantly higher food quality for household appliances
Availability of voltage stabilization for on-line UPS and overvoltage protection for inverters.
Noticeably lower cost of ownership and no maintenance issues
Easier installation and system health monitoring

In conclusion, we note that quite often there are requests for the installation of uninterruptible power supplies for long-term autonomous operation from customers who already have an installed generator.

Ask your questions in the comments!

When living outside large cities, homeowners often face the problem of power outages. This happens for many reasons, such as deterioration of power lines, weather conditions, or improper load sharing. Most often, to solve these problems, a backup power supply of a private house is installed, which is of several types and solves various problems. This article discusses the types of UPS, which backup source to choose, and what characteristics the battery has.

Uninterrupted power supply unit

To ensure the supply of electric current to a dwelling without interruption, there are several types of UPS, which are classified according to the functions they perform. These include:

A set of units designed to be connected automatically in the event of a power failure. During emergencies, the automation independently makes a decision and connects a backup power source that supplies the house and basic household appliances. In this case, the network line is turned off until the moment the power is supplied;
Permanent power supply. These devices are designed to provide a constant supply of electricity to the residential building, which creates a system that is independent of the central line, which is able to generate and store energy using batteries.

In both of the above systems, there is a rechargeable battery, which is an integral part of them and is used as a storage and storage of current.

Also, UPS can be classified based on the principle of generating electricity. Each of the units has its own power source: in the first case, it is a battery, which accumulates current while the devices are operating from the central network, and in the second, solar panels, a gasoline or diesel generator or a wind turbine can act as a generating power plant. Such a system is especially beneficial in remote areas, in the absence of a central electricity supply nearby.

Types of batteries for an uninterruptible power supply

Home batteries used as a backup power supply or as the main communication with an alternative power source, depending on their design, are of several types:

Lead-acid batteries are blocks in which the electrolyte is located inside a metal mesh, between which there are synthetic fibers impregnated with liquid. These batteries are widely used for uninterruptible power supplies because they charge quickly and deliver more power. But due to the fact that the structure of lead plates is porous, the service life of such parts is very limited and is no more than five years;
Helium batteries are a complex device that accumulates and releases electric current, inside which, instead of a liquid electrolyte, an impregnated gel is located. It comes into contact with the rod, an electrochemical reaction occurs, but, due to the properties of the gel, there is no side effect in the form of gas, so these batteries are manufactured in a sealed case.

Thus, based on the physicochemical properties of the listed batteries, we can conclude that it is better to arrange backup power supply using helium batteries, since they have a deep discharge, which is very important if necessary, to provide a private house with electricity during a main line disconnection. And for organizing an uninterruptible power supply using an alternative scheme, a battery created using lead-acid technology is better suited.

Important! In both types of batteries, since gas emissions are minimal, the case is made sealed and cannot be serviced. After the expiration of its resource, the product must be disposed of in accordance with the technical requirements.

Many homeowners, choosing batteries for their homes, used during a power outage, in order to save money, are trying to replace the more expensive helium or lead-acid batteries with simple batteries with liquid electrolyte, which are designed for cars. Of course, their cost is much lower, but the functions they perform are different. This unit is designed to provide maximum current of a certain rating and power in order to unwind the engine starter and start it. It has good short-pulse characteristics, but is not suitable for long-term operation, as it quickly discharges. In addition, its recharging takes significantly longer than helium or lead-chemical batteries.

Standby power supply: principle of operation

The power supply of a private house can be carried out in several ways. First of all, it is a network line that supplies electricity generated by the city station. The advantage of this system is that the current supplied from the organization has good characteristics, high power and stable performance. In addition, the homeowner does not need to monitor the electrical equipment, all maintenance of the system is carried out by the electric power industry from a specialized organization.

Also, it is not uncommon for an individual supply of electricity to be used using alternative power sources such as solar panels or generators. The advantages of this system are its independence from the network organization and uninterrupted supply of current to the dwelling. But for the device of such a scheme, certain knowledge and experience will be needed, therefore, when planning the provision of a summer cottage or a private house with electricity from an independent source, it is worth contacting qualified specialists.

It does not matter what type of power supply is chosen, it is imperative to provide backup power for a private house. This system allows you to organize this type of communication in such a way that even during a disconnection of the main power line or an emergency, instead of a generator, a battery is turned on, which for some time allows you to use electricity to maintain at least minimal comfort and operation of basic household appliances. Each of the systems has its own type of battery, depending on the problem being solved.

The principle of operation of the backup power supply is very simple: it consists in the continuous accumulation of current in the battery capacity while the network is working. That is, the system has a charger that is connected to the battery and the common line. During a power outage, a reverse reaction occurs, and the accumulated energy rushes to the consumer, after the appearance of the electricity supply, all processes return to their original version.

Battery for a private house: connection diagrams

Backup power supply for a country house using a battery can be mounted in two main ways:

Serial connection of the battery. In this case, the voltage will increase in multiples, for example, when using a 12V battery, two series-connected products form a 24V network, the more batteries, the higher this indicator;
Parallel circuit. In this case, it is not the voltage that multiplies, but the current strength, while the power remains equal to 12 Volts, regardless of the number of devices.

The connection diagram must be used depending on the calculation of energy consumption for household appliances and in accordance with the required voltage.

Battery specifications for home

Many manufacturers offer customized batteries, but most are relatively similar and have the following characteristics:

Operating voltage with a nominal value of 12 volts. This is the average of the most common products; there are batteries and 24 Volts, but they are used very rarely;
The capacity of the battery for backing up electricity is different: from 50 to 500 A / h. If large amounts of power are required, such batteries can be connected in a parallel circuit. You can determine the nominal capacity of a product by weight: the higher it is, the more lead plates in the part, respectively, and there is much more electrically charged material;
Dimensions and body. In most models, hermetically sealed plastic is used as a shell, which tolerates temperature extremes well and is not afraid of moisture, as well as oxidation of the internal environment;
Maximum charge and discharge cycle of the part. Depending on the capacity and device of the battery, it can be from 50 to 250 cycles. It is necessary to choose a battery for use in an uninterruptible power supply, taking into account this parameter, since the higher this indicator, the more expensive the battery will be.

These are the main characteristics that are inherent in most models of batteries used as energy storage in uninterruptible or emergency power supply systems.

Safety precautions during battery operation

The dacha is a place of temporary residence, therefore, when organizing power supply using batteries, regardless of their type, it is necessary to follow the basic safety rules during installation and operation, so that when the owner is absent from the residential premises, there are no emergencies.

First of all, this is ensuring good circulation of air masses in the technical room in which the batteries are located. Since a side effect of charging the battery is the formation of gas that is harmful to humans at the moment the electrolyte boils, its accumulation can lead to poisoning or an allergic reaction. Therefore, for high-quality ventilation, the room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, preferably operating in automatic mode.

It is necessary to install a thermostatic sensor that cuts off the power to the charger. This is to prevent the battery from swelling or bursting as it reaches its maximum capacity.

It is necessary to periodically measure the operating parameters of the battery using a multimeter or other equipment. If the technical characteristics have dropped significantly during operation, then the part must be replaced and an accurate diagnosis of the entire system must be carried out to determine the cause.

It is forbidden to use car batteries with liquid electrolyte in a backup or autonomous power supply. Since they have a low resource in terms of a recharge cycle, which is no more than 50 times, their service life in this system will be no more than 6 months.

Thus, with the correct choice and competent operation of the battery for back-up power supply of a private house, the equipment will last the weight of the period declared by the manufacturer and will not cause problems to the owner of the living quarters.

Video

In the work of the power supply of a cottage or a country house, power outages often occur, especially at a great distance from megacities.

To provide an autonomous backup power supply, many effective devices and circuits are now offered that protect household appliances and high-tech equipment that are sensitive to voltage surges. It is easy to imagine how the owners of houses in the outback feel in the cold season when the electricity is cut off, especially if the autonomous heating system and all electrical appliances are working on it. To solve this problem, it is worth installing a backup power supply in the form of batteries for the power supply of the house.

Ways to Eliminate Power Outages

Turning off the power line is inconvenient, and many options have been developed to prevent many of the problems associated with power outages. Experts recommend not to deny yourself all the blessings of civilization, especially since nothing needs to be invented - devices for backup power supply at home are on sale. They are designed to become an alternative source that will provide electricity in the amount that will ensure the operation of the main electrical appliances for a long time:

security and fire-prevention systems;
forced ventilation and air conditioning;
starting a solid fuel boiler;
pumps for water supply and sewerage;
household electrical appliances and other equipment.

All of them cannot operate without a power grid, which is why an effective backup power supply scheme is so important. In many suburban buildings, the reliable operation of the centralized electricity supply is not always guaranteed. Due to the unstable characteristics of the voltage in the network and frequent unscheduled power outages for several hours, or even days, such systems or sensitive electrical appliances fail. A country house should not be a place to solve constant problems, but a great place to relax. Uninterrupted autonomous power supply of a cottage or suburban home ownership must function stably - for the operation of all life support systems.

There are several options for dealing with power outages. For example, installation of an autonomous backup power supply of uninterrupted type, which can be purchased together with a set of batteries (storage batteries). They are able to work autonomously for some time, depending on their power and total load.

Batteries for the backup power system guarantee uninterrupted supply of electricity to consumers during prolonged power outages or in the absence of external power grids in remote areas.

Backup power supply project

The backup power supply project includes all documentation, which takes into account the total capacity of all autonomous sources. The system of stand-by autonomous power supply of a country house can include both ultramodern mini-power plants and traditional sources of electricity. The more mains power supplies are supposed to be, the greater the efficiency. However, in such a project, all indicators of the power of the generators and the capacity of the batteries must be entered.

The design capacity of the autonomous backup power supply, including the inverter, is calculated as follows - the total power of the operating devices is added and multiplied by 3. This is due to the fact that at startup the equipment draws the maximum amount of energy. This indicator is taken into account in order for the autonomous network to cope with the maximum possible load in terms of design capacity. The calculations include the power requirements of the devices powered by the circuit:

active heating (stove and electric kettle, incandescent bulbs);
inductive (refrigerator, washing machine, TV, microwave, etc.)

Their power consumption is summed up (according to the table or according to the attached instructions) and add 20-25% of the maximum value, in case all electrical appliances work at the same time. That is, a small dacha with minimal lighting, a TV and a refrigerator will work according to the backup power supply scheme for a country house with a power of 2 kW. If you use a power tool and other devices, then add another 5-6 kW.

Varieties of generators

Today, the most common stand-alone backup power supplies are:

uninterruptible power station;
diesel generator;
wind generator;
gasoline generator;
inverter.

1. The gasoline electric generator is considered one of the most efficient, although it cannot be called economical. But it is enough for it with a power consumption of about 6 kW. Such energy sources are appropriate where there is no other alternative and gasoline can be transported without problems. For example, if a country house is located somewhere near the highway or not far from a gas station.

Main advantages:

almost silent work;
runs well in winter;
can be used as a backup source.

2. In a large household, energy consumption is quite higher, especially if there are many lighting fixtures and there is no other heating than electric fireplaces. With a power consumption of more than 6 kW, experts recommend purchasing a diesel generator. However, here, too, it will not do without significant financial investments. But it works practically in any conditions.

3. A wind generator, or in common parlance "wind turbine", is quite effective, but it can be installed in an area where strong winds always blow or seasonal drafts pull along the rutting gorge.

4. Pulse capacitors (IKE) are also often used among the backup power supply sources of the new generation. An excellent alternative to other autonomous power supply systems, practically innovative equipment that can be purchased off-the-shelf. These portable models offer enhanced uninterruptible power features that can be run autonomously or in a backup power system. They assume such a kit:

voltage transformer;
relay for switching from the mains to the battery;
Charger.

When connecting an inverter and autonomous batteries to the circuit, a mini-power plant with sufficient power is also obtained.

Solar inverter system

All over the world, installing solar panels on the roof is not a novelty, but a common thing. True, it is expensive, but the investment pays off over time. The energy of the sun is easily converted into alternating current, but not in every region it is enough to charge powerful batteries and fully provide an entire residential building.

In the summertime, to charge the battery for backup power supply, this may be enough to accumulate it for the operation of the mains in the evening - for several hours. On the other hand, such panels are justified when there is a second source of autonomous power supply, such as a diesel generator or inverter.

The main equipment for working according to the scheme of obtaining energy from the sun and converting it into electricity:

solar panels mounted on the roof of the house or elsewhere;
electric charging controller;
automatic protection of direct / alternating current;
a set of high-capacity rechargeable batteries;
inverter unit of the required power.

It turns out a small home power plant on the territory of a remote large cities of the cottage. It can be complemented by an efficient inverter type circuit, where the energy sources are designed to effectively complement each other.

The inverter-type system is ideal for providing uninterruptible power supply in conjunction with solar panels. The generator can be turned off while the solar-powered battery is running, significantly extending its life.

Inverter

An inverter is an important component of an autonomous power supply for a country house or cottage. It allows you to periodically shut down the generator to minimize fuel consumption. Abroad, as an alternative scheme for providing electricity, inverters are considered an integral part of autonomous power supply. They are versatile even when there is no way to use the energy of the wind and the sun.

This device is extremely reliable, functions according to the "plug and forget" scheme. Modern inverters guarantee uninterrupted backup power supply not only to real estate objects, but also to "mobile" housing such as trailers, yachts and car trailers, etc.

To protect against power outages during a power outage, an inverter for backup power supply at home does a good job. With a voltage of 220V, it is able to provide electricity supply, with minimal maintenance costs. At the same time, it provides the ability to connect storage batteries, which provide a long-term backup supply of electricity. Inverters belong to the line of the most durable UPSs for using household electrical appliances and equipment that are sensitive to voltage surges.

Important advantages of the inverter:

silent operation;
the ability to install in any room;
minimal care and maintenance;
high reliability;
long manufacturer's warranty;
excellent quality;
stable supply of electricity;
automatic transition with connection to the backup power supply scheme.

The inverter is out of competition when the power supply line is turned off on the street or in the village for up to a day. Uninterrupted power supply to a summer cottage or a suburban area with the help of an inverter with frequent shutdowns is more advantageous than a scheme for working with a generator.

Tip: Alternatively, a generator plus an inverter. Here their "pluses" are summed up and "minuses" are leveled. The inverter is able to start the generator if the batteries are discharged, and then shut down unnecessarily. The generator is noisy, so it is advisable to turn it on during the day, while at work or outside the house, and in the evening switch to a silent inverter.

Features of the electric generator

Electric generators operate on different energy sources and generate:

1-phase current - for powering 220 W devices;
3-phase current - 380 W.

The generator for backup power supply is very efficient, and its power can exceed 16 kW, therefore it is quite suitable for full-fledged autonomous supply of a country house. As an option - to support uninterruptible power supply in case of frequent power outages.

The open source generator comes complete with:

automatic ventilation system;
a shield to ensure work;
exhaust gas removal system;
automatic fuel refueling module;
automatic flame extinguishing system (fire-fighting measures).

Cons of the generator:

Without changing filters, candles and oil, the generator fails, and it also needs:

room with ventilation;
cans for transporting diesel fuel or high-quality winter diesel fuel for work in the cold season;
background noise and claims of neighbors with mismatched inclusions;
the smell of recyclable diesel fuel;
the need for periodic maintenance, refueling and control of work;
adherence to the consumable replacement schedule.

Although these problems are not so many as to deny the possibility of using it, but it disrupts the peace and normal rest in a country house. And although it guarantees backup power supply and uninterrupted power supply at home, it is better to use it in conjunction with other systems and in the absence of the owners of the house.

It is for this reason that diesel power generators are most often used as a backup source of electricity supply. Today, the domestic market offers many varieties of diesel generators used for backup power supply of country houses, as well as for heating and water supply. Modern diesel power plants are available in modular and classic (open) versions.