Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) is a distant northern region, harsh and beautiful, a land where the traditions of indigenous peoples and the achievements of modern science are closely intertwined. unique, it intricately combines the severity of the northern climate and the kindness of the local residents, the stinginess of the polar sun and the generosity of northern nature, the endless whiteness of winter days and the fantastic colors of autumn.

Yamal has always attracted travelers and scientists with its uniqueness, natural and cultural riches, clean air and pristine nature. But in order to see all the beauties of Yamal, you need to devote a lot of time to the trip, and in our fast-paced age this is very difficult to do. With the help of this site, everyone can take a virtual, but exciting journey into the world of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

(obsolete - Samoyeds, Yuracs) - Samoyed people in Russia, inhabiting the Eurasian coast of the Arctic Ocean from the Kola Peninsula to Taimyr. The Nenets are divided into European and Asian (Siberian). European Nenets are settled in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region, and Siberian Nenets are settled in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen Region and in the Dolgano-Nenets Taimyr Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Small groups of Nenets live in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, and the Komi Republic.

Of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, the Nenets are the most numerous. According to the results of the 2002 census, 41,302 Nenets lived in Russia, of which about 27,000 lived in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The traditional occupation is large-scale reindeer herding. On the Yamal Peninsula, several thousand Nenets reindeer herders, keeping about 500,000 reindeer, lead a nomadic lifestyle. The home of the Nenets is a conical tent (mya).

The names of two autonomous districts of Russia (Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets) mention the Nenets as the titular ethnic group of the district; another such district (Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug) was abolished in 2007 and transformed into the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The Nenets are divided into two groups: tundra and forest. Tundra Nenets are the majority. They live in two autonomous okrugs. Forest Nenets - 1500 people. They live in the basin of the Pur and Taz rivers in the southeast of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

carries a child from the maternity hospital

Due to the presence on the territory of the Sayan Highlands of tribes whose language in the recent past was classified as Samoyed, Stralenberg suggested that the Samoyeds of the Sayan Highlands are descendants of the Samoyeds of the circumpolar zone, where they were aborigines, that from the north some of the Samoyeds, under the influence of some reasons, moved to south, settling the Sayan Highlands.

Fischer-Castrena theory
The opposite point of view was expressed by the historian Fischer, who assumed that the northern Samoyeds (the ancestors of the modern Nenets, Nganasan, Entsy, Selkup and Yuraks) are the descendants of the Samoyed tribes of the Sayan Highlands, who advanced from southern Siberia to more northern regions. This is Fisher's assumption in the 19th century. was supported by enormous linguistic material and substantiated by Castrén, who assumed that in the first millennium AD. e., in connection with the so-called great movement of peoples, the Samoyed tribes were forced out by the Turks from the Sayan Highlands to the north. In 1919, A. A. Zhilinsky, a researcher of the Arkhangelsk north, spoke out sharply against this theory. The main argument is that such a resettlement would require a sharp change in the type of environmental management, which is impossible in a short time. Modern Nenets are reindeer herders, and the peoples living on the Sayan Highlands are farmers (about 97.2%)

KHANTY
The Khanty are a people who have lived in the north of the Russian Federation since ancient times, mainly in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Khanty is not the only name for this people; in the West it is known as Ostyaks or Yugras, but the more accurate self-name “Khanty” (from the Khanty “kantakh” - person, people) was established as the official name in Soviet times.

In historical chronicles, the first written mentions of the Khanty people are found in Russian and Arabic sources of the 10th century AD, but it is known for certain that the ancestors of the Khanty lived in the Urals and Western Siberia already in the 6-5 millennium BC; subsequently they were displaced nomads to the lands of Northern Siberia.
Usually the Khanty are short people, about 1.5-1.6 m, with straight black or dark brown hair, dark skin, and dark eyes. The type of face can be described as Mongolian, but with the eye shape of the correct shape - a slightly flat face, cheekbones noticeably protruding, lips thick, but not full.
The culture of the people, language and spiritual world are not homogeneous. This is explained by the fact that the Khanty settled quite widely and different cultures formed in different climatic conditions. The southern Khanty were mainly engaged in fishing, but they were also known for farming and cattle breeding. The main occupations of the northern Khanty were reindeer herding and hunting, and less often fishing.

The Khanty, who were engaged in hunting and fishing, had 3-4 dwellings in different seasonal settlements, which changed depending on the season. Such dwellings were made of logs and placed directly on the ground, sometimes a hole was first dug (like a dugout). Khanty reindeer herders lived in tents - a portable dwelling consisting of poles placed in a circle, fastened in the center, covered with birch bark (in summer) or skins (in winter).

Since ancient times, the Khanty have revered the elements of nature: the sun, moon, fire, water, wind. The Khanty also had totemic patrons, family deities and ancestor patrons. Each clan had its own totem animal, it was revered, considered one of the distant relatives. This animal could not be killed or eaten.
The bear was revered everywhere, he was considered a protector, he helped hunters, protected against diseases, and resolved disputes. At the same time, the bear, unlike other totem animals, could be hunted. In order to reconcile the spirit of the bear and the hunter who killed it, the Khanty organized a bear festival. The frog was revered as the guardian of family happiness and an assistant to women in labor. There were also sacred places, the place where the patron lives. Hunting and fishing were prohibited in such places, since the animals were protected by the patron himself.

Traditional rituals and holidays have survived to this day in a modified form, they were adapted to modern views and timed to coincide with certain events (for example, a bear festival is held before the issuance of licenses to shoot bears). Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

KOMI
It is known that the Komi people have lived in the northern lands since the 1st millennium BC. The name Komi comes from the self-name of the people - Komi Voityr, which translated means Komi people. Komi are often called Zyryans; the word Zyryans, translated from the Komi language, means living on the border. As a result of gradual settlement, the Komi people were conditionally divided into northern (Komi-Izhemtsy) and southern (Sysoltsy, Prilutsy) ethnic groups.
Komi mainly live on the territory of the Komi Republic, some Komi live in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
The Komi language (Komi language, Komi-Zyryan language) belongs to the Uralic language family. The Komi writing system is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. In the northern regions of the Russian Federation, television programs and printed publications are published in the Komi language.

Typically, Zyryans have average or slightly above average height (about 165-170 cm) and a regular physique. The low, slightly flattened face is framed by dark or black hair, the bridge of the nose is wide, and the eyes are gray or brown. Closer to the south, Komi people have blue eyes and blond hair.
Northern Komi were reindeer herders, hunters and fishermen, southern Komi were engaged in hunting and fishing, knew cattle breeding and agriculture, but until the 18th century these were rather auxiliary industries. In the 18th century, due to an increase in the production of game animals, there was a sharp reduction in their numbers; from that time on, cattle breeding, reindeer husbandry and agriculture became the main occupations of the Komi.

The Komi lived in villages and villages located on the banks of the river. They tried to place houses along the river in one row. The northern settlements were located at considerable distances from each other and consisted of several houses. Up to several hundred people could live in the southern settlements; often such settlements were formed due to the merger of neighboring villages.
The dwellings were log-framed rectangular huts with a high basement (the lower floor, most often non-residential), covered with a pitched roof. In the courtyard there were outbuildings and a two-story barn.
The clothing of the southern Komi was reminiscent of Russian clothing in style and cut. Women wore shirts, sundresses, fur coats; the men's wardrobe consisted of a shirt, canvas pants, a caftan and a fur coat. The difference from Russian costumes was in the colors of the fabrics used and the finishing features. Northern Komi often wore clothes typical of the Nenets. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

SELKUPY
The Selkups are the smallest people in the north of Russia. According to the results of the latest population census, the number of Selkups is only about 1,700 people. The largest number of representatives of the people live in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwestern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Tomsk region.
The official name of the people - Selkups - was approved only in the 30s of the 20th century; it comes from the self-name of the northern ethnographic group and is translated as forest people. However, this is not the only self-name of the people; the southern Selkups called themselves chumylkup (earthman), the Ob - sysyokup (taiga man).

The Selkups belong to the Ural small race, which means that their appearance contains Mongoloid and Caucasian features. The Selkups have dark straight hair, brown eyes, slightly darkish skin, a small nose, strongly concave at the bridge of the nose, and their faces are most often flat.
The Selkup language belongs to the Uralic language family. The Selkups did not have a written language for a long time; the first attempt to create a written language based on the Cyrillic alphabet dates back to the 19th century, but this attempt was not very successful since the Russian alphabet did not allow them to correctly convey the sound of the language.

The second attempt took place in the 30s of the 20th century, they adopted the Latin alphabet as a basis, and published a large amount of educational literature in the Selkup language. But just 7 years later, in 1930, the Selkup writing was again transferred to the Cyrillic alphabet, which caused a lot of confusion. Currently, the Selkup language is practically not used in printed sources; the main areas of application of the language remain folk crafts, family communication, and folklore.
The traditional occupations of the Selkups are fishing and hunting. The northern Selkups were engaged in reindeer husbandry mainly as an auxiliary industry (transport, skins, etc.).
The southern Selkups knew how to make ceramics, process metals, weave canvas, achieved great success in blacksmithing, and grew grain and tobacco. These industries actively developed until the 17th century, when they were replaced by higher quality imported goods.

ATTRACTIONS OF YNAO
The sights of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are unique and can bring a smile to a person unfamiliar with the life of the region. For example, here you can see a monument... to a mosquito. A veteran in the Far North is considered a person who not only survived the polar night, but also endured a terrible ordeal in the form of mosquitoes, which are especially evil here. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The list of attractions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug includes another sculpture dedicated to the animal: at the entrance to Salekhard there is a 10-meter monument to a mammoth. The remains of these extinct animals are often discovered in the region. 9-ton tusks were found here, and a century later scientists unearthed a perfectly preserved mammoth, whose age is close to 46 thousand years.

The most beautiful river Yuribey flows through Yamal, which ends its journey by flowing into the Kara Sea, namely into its Baydaratskaya Bay.

An intricate four-kilometer bridge on stilts was built across Yuribey - a local architectural landmark.

In the village of Novy Port you can visit the largest “natural refrigerator” in Russia - a complex of ice underground caves. The length of the tunnels exceeds a kilometer, the caves are constantly looked after, which allows them not to lose their cold, icy shine even in summer.

The Yamalo-Nenets District is famous for its natural areas; in the area there are 13 nature reserves and two reserves - Verkhne-Tazovsky and Gydansky. The territory of the first is dominated by taiga areas, while the second is famous for its tundra “lunar” landscapes. The Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve is one of the largest natural parks in Russia; reindeer and the unique Kondo-Sosvinsky beaver are found here.
On the territory of the Gydansky Nature Reserve there are the most beautiful peninsulas of Yavai, Oleniy, Rovny, as well as the islands of the Kara Sea. There are many “Red Book” fish, animals and birds here: sturgeon, polar bear, white-tailed eagle, walrus, narwhal, seal and many others.

Of all the reserves in the region, the most interesting is the Kunovatsky Park, located in the Shuryshkarsky district of the region in the floodplain of the Ob and Malaya Ob. The incredibly rare white crane lives here - a special type of crane that is listed in all the Red Books of the world. Many other species of migratory birds can be observed in the reserve.

One of the main archaeological monuments of the Yamalo-Nenets District is the Nadym settlement - the remains of a settlement of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, discovered on the territory of the city of Nadym. Children's toys made of wood, jewelry made of tin and copper, hunting skis and much more were found here.

The oldest surviving buildings of the district center were erected at the end of the 19th century. These include, for example, small one-story buildings on Republic Street and the Musical Drama Theater. In the city center, in the early 1990s, the Nikolskaya Tower of the Obdorsky fort, a monument of wooden architecture of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, was restored. It is decorated with a double-headed eagle, and from the tower there is a descent to the Poluy River. It is believed that Salekhard was founded on this site.

For more than twenty years, the ecological and methodological center “House of Nature” has been operating in Nadym, where you can get acquainted with the nature and ecology of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug, as well as with the ethnographic heritage of the region’s indigenous inhabitants - the Nenets.
In Noyabrsk you can visit the first Children's Museum in Russia, where you can play with most of the exhibits, and even make some of them yourself. The museum has a winter garden and a children's workshop, from where, among other things, you can take a virtual tour of exhibitions around the world.

In Labytnangi you can visit the cross-shaped Znamensky church-chapel - one of the most interesting in the area. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

SACRED SITES OF YNAO
1 Settlement (sacrificial place) Ust-Poluy. Salekhard. Located on a high cape of the river's bedrock terrace. Poluy, approximately 2 km upstream from its confluence with the river. Ob. 0.2 km southwest from the building of the Aviator sports complex. V century BC. to the 3rd century AD B.C. Adrianov 1932

2 Mangazeya settlement, Krasnoselkup district.
The right bank of the Taz River, at the mouth of the river. Mangazeika. 8.5 km north of the village of Sidorovsk. 17th century AD V.N. Chernetsov

3. A complex of ethnic cultural objects on the north-eastern shore of the lake. Maloe Muzykantovo Purovsky district, north-eastern shore of Lake Maloe Muzykantovo.

4. Cult place “Tareznzyakha-hekhe” Yamal district, left bank of the river. Yuribey, 3.9 km west of the proposed railway route.

3. Cult place “Lamzento-syo” Yamal region, on the watershed of the rivers Lamzento-syo (3.5 km to the west) and Ya-yakha (11.5 km to the east) between lakes Lamzento (14 km to the south) and Syavta- then (12.5 km north).

4. Holy place on the left bank of the Seyakha river, Yamal region, left indigenous bank of the river. Seyakha, coordinates N. 70°23"02.7", east. 068°35"06.7"

5. Sanctuary Nyakharyakh Priuralsky district, r. Nyaharyakha, coordinates N 69°25"34.3", E 68°23"07.9"

6. Sidyapelyato Sanctuary, Priuralsky district, northern shore of Lake Sidyapelyato, coordinates north latitude. 69 °19"34.5", east 68°15"04.0"

7. A complex of log-type buildings in the village. Khanty-Muzhi Shuryshkarsky district, village. Khanty-Muzhi, natural park-museum "Zhivun" Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VERKHNE-TAZOVSKY RESERVE
The reserve is located on the West Siberian Plain, in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. Its length is 150 km from north to south and 70 km from west to east. The territory is divided into two forest districts - Pokolskoye and Tazovskoye, bordering each other along a water protection clearing along the left bank of the Ratta River.
The reserve was established in 1986 to preserve and study the natural complexes of the area, unique for the West Siberian Plain and characteristic of its upland - the Siberian Uvals. The territory of the reserve is important for the protection of the declining population of taiga reindeer, and is promising for the re-acclimatization of the Sosvinsky beaver.

The fauna of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Reserve is typical for the northern taiga, however, it has not been sufficiently studied. Large animals include bear, elk, and wolverine. The latter occurs rarely, but constantly. Wolves rarely come here from the tundra. The Arctic fox comes to the Upper Taz during migrations. Foxes live along river valleys.

In the Verkhnee-Tazovsky Nature Reserve there are 310 species of vascular plants, 111 leaf-stemmed bryophytes, and 91 species of lichens. Forests with a predominance of pine in the reserve account for 59.4% of the forested area. Found in areas of river terraces. Dark coniferous forests do not occupy such large areas, but they are more diverse in their composition. They are dominated by cedar and spruce with an admixture of fir. The shrub layer is represented by rosehip, juniper, and rowan. The moss cover is continuous or almost continuous; in some places, foliose lichens are found, which gives the cover a northern appearance.

149 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve. About 310 species of vascular plants are found on its territory. The fauna of the reserve includes about 35 species of mammals. There are 20 species of fish. The animal world is represented by such species of animals and birds as brown bear, weasel, sable, wood grouse, and black grouse.

The main attraction of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve is the relatively rare park-type pine forests with rich moss moss forests. The reserve is the largest reserve of valuable fur-bearing animals - sable and ermine. Consists of one plot with an area of 631.3 thousand hectares; extends from north to south for 150 km, from east to west - 70 km.

The climate is continental, with long cold winters and fairly warm summers. The range of minimum winter and maximum summer temperatures reaches 100 degrees. The average duration of the frost-free period is 83 days. The reserve is located in a zone of discontinuous permafrost.

The rivers of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve are characterized by moderate currents, high tortuosity, the presence of numerous sandbanks and relatively high banks. There are blockages in some sections of the rivers. In river valleys there are processes of shedding and sliding of high banks. The main river of the reserve is the Taz River - one of the most important spawning rivers in Western Siberia for such valuable species of salmon and whitefish as nelma, muksun, whitefish, broad whitefish, peled, tugun. It begins on the Verkhne-Tazovskaya Upland. Other rivers flowing through the reserve, such as the Pokolka, Ratta, and Kellogg, also originate here.

On the territory of the Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve there are two types of lakes that differ in genesis - lakes of glacial origin and floodplain origin. The formation of the former is associated with the processes of formation of moraine deposits by the erosion of land areas by glacial waters; they are located in interfluves and usually have a rounded shape. Floodplain lakes are oxbow lakes of rivers, usually elongated, small in width, with marshy banks and a muddy bottom.

On the “ancient” floodplain terraces, which are found in places in the middle and lower reaches of the Ratta and Pokolka, raised bogs are common. The tree stand in the swamps is sparse, represented by pine and birch. The shrub layer is sparse and consists of dwarf birch and low-growing willows. Against the background of a continuous moss cover, cassandra, pommel, cranberry, blueberry, cloudberry, cinquefoil, marsh sedge, and cotton grass dominate.

Ecological tourism:
The reserve has developed an interesting ecological trail, there is a small nature museum and a visitor center.

MYSTERIOUS HOLE IN YAMAL
Scientists are exploring a giant hole in the ground that appeared in Yamal. A crater with a diameter of 60 (and according to other sources, up to 80) meters was discovered last week (July 2014) - it was accidentally noticed from a helicopter. All sorts of versions of its origin have already appeared on the Internet. Scientists have to find out whether it is the result of a man-made impact or the fall of a cosmic body.
Some media even suggested that the crater appeared as a result of alien intervention. But to accurately determine the cause of its appearance, you need to take soil samples. As Rossiya 24 reports, this is not yet possible, since the edges of the crater are constantly crumbling, and it is dangerous to approach it. The first expedition has already visited the site, and Marina Leibman, chief researcher at the Earth Cryosphere Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, spoke about what the scientists saw there.
“There are simply no traces of a person with any kind of equipment here,” she said. “We can assume something fantastic: a hot meteorite fell and everything melted here. But when a meteorite falls, there are traces of charring, that is, high temperature. And There are no signs of being affected by high temperatures. There are traces of water flows, there is some accumulation of water."
According to the Rossiyskaya Gazeta portal, scientists are considering several versions of the formation of this hole. The version that this is an ordinary karst failure is unlikely, because the crater is surrounded by soil emissions. If a meteorite formed a hole in the ground, then such a powerful blow could not go unnoticed.
Executive Director of the Subarctic Research and Training Site, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Anna Kurchatova suggested that a not very strong underground explosion occurred here. Gas had probably accumulated underground; at a depth of about 15 meters, pressure began to build. As a result, the gas-water mixture burst out, throwing out ice and sand, like a cork from a champagne bottle. Fortunately, this happened far from a pipeline or gas production and processing facility.

Reindeer herders of the Tazovsky district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug discovered a second crater, outwardly similar to the recently famous “bottomless pit” 30 kilometers from the Bovanenkovskoye deposit.
The new crater is located on another peninsula - Gydansky, not far from the coast of Tazovskaya Bay. The diameter of the crater is significantly smaller than that of the first one - approximately 15 meters. The other day, the deputy director of the state farm, Mikhail Lapsui, became convinced of its existence.
However, there is no need to talk about a discovery as such. According to the nomads, the crater appeared at the end of September last year. They just didn't make this fact widely public. And when they heard about a similar phenomenon on the neighboring peninsula, they told the local authorities about it.

The “hole” in Yamal could have appeared due to swamp gas
Mikhail Lapsui confirms the identity of the Gydan and Yamal natural formations. By the way, they differ little in distance from the Arctic Circle. Externally, except for the size, everything is very similar.
Judging by the soil bordering the upper boundaries, it was ejected to the surface from the depths of permafrost. True, those reindeer herders who call themselves witnesses to the phenomenon claim that there was first a haze over the area where the ejection occurred, then a fiery flash followed and the earth shook.
At first glance, this is speculation. However, this version of the release should not be dismissed out of hand, says Anna Kurchatova, executive director of the Subarctic Research and Training Site, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, since when methane is mixed with air in certain proportions, an explosive mixture is formed.

SACRED SITES IN YAMAL

SACRED SITES IN YAMAL
Despite the many ancestral sacred places in Yamal, Taimyr and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there have long been central religious places common to the entire Nenets ethnic group, such as Bolvansky Nos on Vaigach, Kozmin pereselok in the area of the river. Nes (Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Yav'mal hekhe (Yamal), Sir Iri (Bely Island), Minisey in the Polar Urals.
The most revered among the Nenets were two idol stones on Vaygach - Vesoko and Khadako (Old Man and Old Woman). The island itself was named by the Nenets “Hebidya Ngo” - sacred land. The Vesoko Sanctuary is located on Cape Dyakonov. One of the first descriptions of this sacred place was left by skipper Stephen Borrow in 1556. He noted that on the cape there was a sanctuary of about 300 idols, made roughly and primitively, sometimes they were simply sticks with cuts indicating eyes and mouth. The mouths and eyes of the idols and some other parts were smeared with blood. In the “Notes” of Jan Huygens van Linschotten we find a description of a cape on the southern shore of Vaygach, on which there were about 300 idols [Linschotten, 1915].
In 1826, the Vesoko sanctuary was visited by Archimandrite Veniamin, who led the activities of the mission to convert the Nenets (Samoyeds) of the Arkhangelsk province to Christianity. By order of Benjamin, the Vasoko sanctuary was completely destroyed and the idols were burned to the ground. Despite the complete destruction of the most revered sacred place, the Nenets have repeatedly made attempts to restore it. In 1837, biologist A. Schrenk, who visited the island. Vaygach reported that the Samoyeds who returned to their places chose a place for sacrifices not far from the cross erected by the mission of Archimandrite Veniamin, and again placed their wooden idols here [Shrenk, 1855]. A.E. Nordenskiöld, who visited Vaygach in 1887, also wrote about Nenets idols with a bunch of deer antlers and skulls standing on the top of the cape six hundred meters from the cross [Nordenskiöld, 1936].
In 1984-1987 under the leadership of L.P. Khlobystin, a thorough archaeological study of this cultural site was carried out. In 1986, the Arkhangelsk Arctic expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, led by O. V. Ovsyannikov, examined the monument of spiritual culture of the Nenets - the Kozmin Pereselok sanctuary (Kharv Pod - the road to the larch thicket). In 1986-1997 The Marine Arctic Complex Expedition (MAE) under the leadership of P.V. Boyarsky carried out research on the island. Vaygach. Based on these materials, a map of sacred places of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was created.
The main shrine of Neva-hehe-mother idol is located in the north of the island. Vaygach in the upper reaches of the river. Heheyaha, between lakes Yangoto and Heheto. Judging by the data of V.A. Islavin and A.A. Borisov, the Nenets called the highest rock with a crack resembling a female sign “Neva-hege”.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There is an active interest in sacred places in Yamal. In his work “The Yamal Peninsula,” B. Zhitkov gives a description of the sacrificial place Yav’mal Hekhe, revered by the Nenets, a place of worship for various clans living on Yamal.

Ethnographer-researcher V.P. Evladov devoted a lot of time and effort to studying and describing sacred places, who organized a scientific expedition together with the Ural Committee of the North in 1928-1929. across the tundra of Yamal. He recorded basically all the major religious places of the Nenets. He also managed to visit and describe the main shrine of the Nenets, Sir Iri (White Old Man) on the island. Bel. The Nenets call it the island of the White Old Man (Sir Iri Ngo). Since ancient times, this island has been a kind of gateway to Yamal.
In July-August 2000, with the financial support of the administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, an ethnographic expedition was conducted to the Yamal region. Its purpose was to research, record and collect information about sacred and ritual places, describe historical and cultural monuments, sacred and religious places, national burial sites (certification, registration, recommendations for establishing the boundaries of protective zones and creating a map of sacred places).
The collected materials were processed, analyzed and a map of sacred places was compiled. Many of the points indicated on the map were examined by the author personally. Some designations of sacred places are recorded from the words of informants living in the area.
The sacred place of Sir Iri is located in the depths of Bely Island, 25-30 km from the Malygin Strait. It apparently has not been visited for a long time and seems neglected. In the center of the sanctuary there is a figure about 2-2.5 m high. There are logs of different sizes lying around, perhaps these are idols. Time and weather took their toll, some of them were destroyed under the influence of water and wind. The figure of Sir Iri is made of round wood, the master carefully processed the front part, the neck and the transition to the shoulder girdle are outlined, small arms are outlined, apparently, there were tree branches in this place, which made the task easier for the master. During our expeditions to Yamal, we often saw a similar figure in the sacred sledges of the Nenets. At the same time, the figure of Sir Iri was always dressed in a malitsa, but in the descriptions of researchers and travelers we do not find any mention of such an attribute of this image. Although informants claim that during the sacrifice, Sir Iri was dressed in the skin of a sacrificial deer (khan you) (Yaptik Ya.) or a bear (Sir Vark) (Khudi V.).

According to informants, at the sacred site of Ilebyampertya (Bely Island, Cape Malygina, 15-20 km from the strait), sacrifices of a polar bear or a white deer were carried out. The skin of a sacrificial animal was used to wrap the central figure of the syadeya (idol). During our examination of this sacred place, no fresh sacrifices were found, but the remains of rotten skins and skins were lying around. Many skulls of polar bears and deer were scattered around the altar, and a whole mountain of skulls was piled near the central figure.

The Yamal hehe ya sacrificial place is a place of worship and sacrifice for seven clans living on the Yamal Peninsula. According to reindeer herders, anyone can come here, regardless of clan and tribe. The seven ancestral sacrificial places are located at a great distance from each other. The central sacred place is about 2.5 m high and several meters wide. Sacrifices were found on all altars. On each of them there are figures of idols of different sizes stuck, there are small freshly cut syadeys, and traces of deer blood are visible on their faces, and sacred poles (sims) were also discovered, with different colored scraps of fabric tied to them. Not far from the altars, traces of a fire and burnt logs are visible.
Syur’nya hehe I is located 25 km from the village. Syunai-Sale behind the small river Kharvuta. The base is made up of five larches. Under them there are several chests (caskets). There are antlers of sacrificial deer, ribbons of different colors, and a lot of dishes hanging everywhere. According to the legend told by the village residents, the owner sometimes appears at this sacred place and scares people who have come not for sacrifice, but for pampering. Women are generally prohibited from appearing here.

The sacred narta Kharvuta hehe khan is located on the high bank of the Kharvuta River. Apparently, it has been here for a long time, since part of it has gone underground. The sledge is three-toothed, gray-greenish in color, and in some places overgrown with yellowish-white moss. On the sledge there is a casket, the right side of which is broken. There are boards from the casket and pieces of birch bark lying around; perhaps cult objects were previously wrapped in it. A cult sculpture measuring 50 cm in size was discovered in the sledge. The front part is clearly processed, the neck is marked, downwards the figure becomes narrow and less detailed. During the examination of the sacred sledge, two more cult sculptures were discovered: one about 25 cm, most likely male (the figure has been destroyed by time and there are no clear contours), the second is about 30 cm, more complex in processing, the front part is very clearly detailed, the neck and shoulder parts are marked . Most likely, this is a female figure, since the lower part of the body is worked out in great detail: legs, waist. The master was not without interest in working on female genitalia.
Hebidya to Hehe I is located 15 km from the village. Syunai-Sale, on the high shore of a large lake. Previously, this cult place was very often visited by reindeer herders, who drove herds of reindeer from the Han side to summer pastures on Yamal. But several years ago this place was partially destroyed (a large larch tree on which many sacrificial skulls hung was demolished by a tractor). According to informants, a small larch grew not far from the broken larch, and the Nenets began to make sacrifices to this place. Traces of sacrifices, deer skulls, and colored scraps of fabric were found here. A very modest sacred place, there are no bulky piles of sacrificial skulls, as is the case in Northern Yamal.

During the expedition, new, previously unexplored religious places were discovered: Limbya Ngudui hehe ya; Nyarme hehe I; Sarmik yara hehe ya; Munota yaram hehe ya; Parne Sale (mouth of the Mordyyakha River); Yasavey hehe I; Tomboy hehe me; Si'iv Serpiva Khoy (R. Turmayakha); Serotetto seda (Yuribey river, Yamal); Tirs Seda (upper reaches of the Yakhadyyakha River); Varnge yakha hehe ya (Varngeto district); Labahey then (upper reaches of the Sebesyakha River).
Nenets ancestral burial grounds are scattered throughout the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Many travelers and researchers described Nenets burials and burial methods [Zavalishin, 1862; Zuev, 1947; Bakhrushin, 1955; Gracheva, 1971; Khomich, 1966, 1976, 1995; Susoy, 1994; Lehtisalo, 1998]. Since ancient times, the Nenets tried to locate cemeteries (halmer’) on ancestral territories near summer pastures. Usually these were dry places and high hills on the banks of lakes and rivers. In Yamal we discovered burials of various forms. These are burials in a kaldanka (khoi ngano), the sharp ends of which are processed to the size of the figure; burials in logs, in elongated shapes resembling barrels for salting fish; burials on sledges, in structures similar to shipwrecks (large boats); in structures similar to sacred sledges (with caskets), perhaps this is how shamans were buried in ancient times.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Kushelevsky Yu. I. The North Pole and the land of Yalmal: Travel notes. - SPb.: Type. Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1868. - II, 155 p.
http://regionyamal.ru/
Brief report on the trip to the Yamal Peninsula: (Read in the general collection of I. R. G. O. February 19, 1909) / B. M. Zhitkov p. 20. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
Evladov V.P. In the tundra I am small. - Sverdlovsk: Gosizdat, 1930. - 68 p. — 5,000 copies.
Vasilyev V.I. Historical legends of the Nenets as a source in the study of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Northern Samoyed peoples // Ethnic history and folklore. M.: Nauka, 1977. pp. 113-126.
Vasiliev V.I., Simchenko Yu.B. Modern Samoyed population of Taimyr // SE. 1963. No. 3. P. 9-20.
Golovnev A.V., Zaitsev G.S., Pribylsky Yu.P. History of Yamal. Tobolsk; Yar-Sale: Ethnographic Bureau, 1994.
Dunin-Gorkavich A.A. Tobolsk North. M.: Liberea, 1995. T. 1.
Evladov V.P. Across the Yamal tundra to White Island. Tyumen: IPOS SB RAS, 1992.
Zhitkov B.M. Yamal Peninsula / West. IRGO. T. 49. St. Petersburg: Type. MM. Stasyulevich, 1913.
Kurilovich A. Gydan Peninsula and its inhabitants // Soviet North. 1934. No. 1. P. 129-140.
Lar L.A. Shamans and gods. Tyumen: IPOS SB RAS, 1998.
Minenko N.A. Northwestern Siberia in the 17th - first half of the 19th century. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1975.
Obdorsky region and Mangazeya in the 17th century: Sat. documents / Author-comp. E.V. Vershinin, G.P. Vizgalov. Ekaterinburg: “Thesis”, 2004.
http://www.photosight.ru/
photo by S. Vagaev, S. Anisimov, A. Snegirev.

Introduction

2General characteristics of deposits

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the central part of Russia's Arctic façade. The territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the Arctic zone in the north of the world's largest West Siberian Plain and occupies a vast area of more than 750 thousand square kilometers.

More than half of it is located beyond the Polar District, covering the lower reaches of the Ob with its tributaries, the basins of the Nadym, Pura and Taza rivers, the Yamal, Tazovsky, Gydansky peninsulas, a group of islands in the Kara Sea (Bely, Shokalsky, Neupokoeva, Oleniy, etc.), as well as the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals. 30 minutes°The northernmost point of the mainland of Yamal is located at 73 northern latitude, which fully justifies the Nenets name of the peninsula - Land's End.

The northern border of the district, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea, has a length of 5,100 kilometers and is part of the State border of the Russian Federation (about 900 kilometers). In the west along the Ural ridge, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, in the south - on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the east - on the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The district's relief is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat. Almost 90% of the flat part lies within altitudes of up to 100 meters above sea level; hence there are many lakes and swamps. The left bank of the Ob has elevated and rugged terrain. The right bank mainland part is a slightly hilly plateau with a slight slope to the north. The most elevated areas of the lowland are located in the south of the district within the Siberian ridges.

The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals and consists of large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 kilometers. The average height of the southern massifs is 600-800 meters, and the width is 20-30. The highest peaks are the Kolokolnya mountains - 1305 meters, Pai-Er - 1499 meters.

To the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000-1300 meters. The main watershed ridge of the Polar Urals is winding, its absolute heights reach 1200-1300 meters and higher.

The purpose of this work is to study subsoil mining in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to study the mineral resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and give a general description of the deposits.

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The terrain of the district is flat, consisting of tundra and forest-tundra with many lakes and swamps, and a mountainous part. The mountain range, located in the west of the district, stretches for 200 km, reaching a height of up to 1.5 thousand m.1

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and lips, rivers, lakes, swamps and groundwater. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km², including thermal water reserves.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district: 2

Urengoy gas field

Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

Nakhodkinskoye gas field

Yamburg oil and gas condensate field

Yety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 fields are being developed, annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russian, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, which contain 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production. Cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons.3

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma)4.

2 General characteristics of deposits

The Yamburg oil and gas condensate field (YANGCF) is a field of gas, gas condensate and oil. Opened in 1969. It is located in the Arctic part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tazovsky Peninsula in the subarctic zone. The landscape is a slightly hilly tundra plain with a dense network of rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps. The thickness of the permafrost reaches 400 meters. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of minus 25 degrees Celsius. Often the temperature drops to 55 and below. A minus temperature of 63 degrees was recorded (January 2006). Industrial gas content has been established in Cenomanian and Neocomian deposits. The dimensions of the YANGCF are 170 by 50 kilometers. According to VNIizarubezhgeology, the Yamburg field ranks third in the world in terms of initial recoverable gas reserves.

According to the administrative-territorial division, the northern territory of the field is located in Tazovsky, and the southern - in the Nadymsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Development of the field began in 1980 (see Yamburg). The development license belongs to Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, a 100% subsidiary of Gazprom OJSC.

Geologists prepared the discovery of the Yamburgskoye and other deposits at the very “peak” of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, their first groups pitched tents in the area of the Taz, Pur, and Messo rivers.

In 1959, oil and gas exploration work in the Tazovsky region resumed. In 1961, geological prospectors landed on the site of the current village of Gaz-Sale and began drilling well No. 1. The excavation was led by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. On September 27, 1962, the gas “hit”. A year later, the Taz oil exploration expedition was formed with a base in Novaya Mangazeya. V. T. Podshibyakin was appointed head of the expedition, and G. P. Bystrov was appointed chief geologist. On November 30, 1963, gas was produced at the second well. The drilling was carried out by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. This is how the Tazovskoye field was discovered. On October 18, 1965, the expedition discovered the Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field. The years 60-70 were marked for the expedition by a whole series of major discoveries, the largest of which were Urengoy and Yamburg.

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburg area were prepared for exploration drilling.

In 1968, a landing of geophysicists led by Leonid Kabaev, a future Lenin Prize laureate, landed on this site. Next came the subsoil explorers of the Taz oil exploration expedition. The reserves were supposed to be huge.

In his memoirs, geologist F.K. Salmanov tells how the Yamburg field was found: “At the end of April 1969, it was decided to deliver the drilling rig from Tazovskaya to the Yamburg area. The delivery of equipment and materials continued throughout May. In July, Anatoly Grebenkin’s team completed the installation and immediately the team of drilling master V.V. Romanov began counting the first meters of the Yamburg well. On August 13, we reached the design depth and during testing the well produced a powerful gas fountain. Inspired by success, Romanov set out to delineate it along the wings of the deposit to the east. And several more wells fell into the circuit.”

In 1972, the team of drilling master V.V. Polupanov completed drilling a deep well in the Yamburg area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, headed by master Alexey Myltsev.

In the 19th century, the expedition of the scientist Yu. M. Kushelevsky arrived on these lands to establish the boundaries of the medieval settlement - “gold-boiling” Mangazeya, which existed on the Taz River in the 17th century. The expedition arrived in the Far North of the empire on a schooner called “Taz”. The leader of the campaign was from Yamburg. This was the former name of the city of Kingisepp, located near St. Petersburg.

During the voyage, the scientist compiled a map of the Tazovsky Peninsula. It is assumed that the name of Cape Humbor, (“cloudberry hummocks”) reminded him of the name of his hometown. Thus, one of the triangular areas of land penetrating into the Tazovskaya Bay received the name Yamburg. In Soviet times, the Yamburg trading post appeared on the cape.

At the site of the current rotation camp Yamburg, the researcher left a white spot. "Terra incognita" is an unknown land. It is assumed that the Yamburg area, and later the Yamburg field, was named in honor of the trading post.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed Yamburg.

During the period of operation of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field, the Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg enterprise - a 100% subsidiary of OJSC Gazprom - produced more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas and about 18 million tons of gas condensate. Gas is prepared for transportation at 9 integrated gas treatment units (CGTUs) (1-7, 9 and 1B) and 5 preliminary gas treatment units (GPGs) (PPG GP-1 (former UPPG-8), 4A, 10, 2B , 3B).

The short-term prospect of the field is the development of its peripheral areas. Production at the Aneryakhinskaya area began in 2004; in January 2005, the Aneryakhinskaya area was brought to its design capacity (10 billion cubic meters per year).

At the beginning of December 2006, the first commercial gas was supplied to the main gas pipeline from the integrated gas treatment unit (UKPG-9) at the Kharvutinskaya area of the YANGKM field. In 2007, a gas pre-treatment unit (UPPG-10) was put into operation, due to this, by 2008 it is planned to achieve an annual production of 25 billion cubic meters of gas at the Kharvutinsky complex.

In the future, Yamburg's infrastructure will be used to prepare gas from nearby fields.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 8.2 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 5.2 trillion cubic meters of natural gas and 42.31% of the total geological reserves of the Yamburg field.

The Urengoy natural gas field is a large gas field, the second largest in the world in terms of reservoir reserves, which exceed 10 trillion cubic meters (10Nm). It is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen region of Russia, slightly south of the Arctic Circle. The name is given by the name of a nearby settlement - the village of Urengoy. Subsequently, the city of gas workers, Novy Urengoy, grew near the field.

The field was discovered in June 1966; the discoverer of the Urengoy structure was the seismic station of V. Tsybenko. The first exploration well in Urengoy was drilled on July 6, 1966 by the team of master V. Polupanov. Production at the field began in 1978. On February 25, 1981, the first hundred billion cubic meters of natural gas were produced at the Urengoy field. Since January 1984, gas from the Urengoy field begins to be exported to Western Europe.5

The operating stock of wells at the Urengoyskoye field is more than 1,300 wells. Production at the field is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Urengoy LLC (formerly Urengoygazprom) and Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, subsidiaries of Gazprom. Natural gas production in 2007 amounted to 223 billion cubic meters.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 16 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 10.5 trillion cubic meters of natural gas and 65.63% of the total geological reserves of the Urengoy field.

The Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field is located in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, one of the largest in Russia. The field's reserves are: gas in the ABC1 category - 825.2 billion m3, in the C2 category - 208.9 billion m3, oil - 5.7 million tons.

The license to develop the field belongs to Severneftegazprom, a subsidiary of Gazprom. The field was officially put into operation on December 18, 2007 by Gazprom and BASF (the German company E.ON is also expected to join the project), but production actually began at the end of October 2007. Construction of infrastructure at the field has been ongoing since March 2006. The Yuzhno-Russkoye field will be the main resource base of the North European Gas Pipeline.

The production plan for the field for 2008 is 10 billion cubic meters of gas, from 2009 - 25 billion cubic meters per year. Actual investments in field development in 2005-2008 amounted to 133 billion rubles.

The Nakhodkinskoye gas field is a natural gas field in the Bolshekhetsk Depression in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The field's reserves are estimated at 275.3 billion cubic meters of gas. The design capacity of the field is around 10 billion cubic meters per year.

The field was discovered by the Taz oil and gas exploration expedition on January 30, 1974. Development of the Nakhodkinskoye field began in November 2003, production drilling began in February 2004. Put into operation in April 2005.

The development of the field is carried out by LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia, owned by LUKOIL; the extracted gas is sold to Gazprom.6

The Yety-Purovskoye oil field is an oil field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia, near the city of Noyabrsk. The license to develop the field belongs to the Gazprom Neft company (Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz).

The deposit was discovered in 1982; its additional exploration and development began only in 2003. The field's reserves in categories A, B, C1 amount to 20 million tons of high-quality light oil and another 20 million tons in category C2.

At the beginning of 2007, a flowing oil well with a daily flow rate of approximately 400 tons of oil was registered at the Yety-Purovskoye field, which is one of the record figures for Western Siberia.

Conclusion

In 2009, enterprises of the Autonomous Okrug shipped goods of their own production, performed work and services on their own in current prices in the amount of 499.0 billion rubles, including for the type of activity “Mining” - 448.5 billion rubles; “Manufacturing industries” - 31.8 billion rubles; “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” - 18.6 billion rubles. The index of industrial production in 2009 compared to 2008 was 101.3%. The industrial producer price index in January-December 2009 compared to January-December 2008 amounted to 118.1%.

The largest share (about 90%) in the structure of goods shipped, works and services performed falls on the type of activity “Mining operations”. In 2009 to 2008, the index of industrial production of mining was 101.8%. The slight increase in production was due to an increase in natural gas production by 2.3 percent.

In the Autonomous Okrug, gas production is carried out by 36 enterprises. In 2009, total natural gas production amounted to 578.5 billion m3. The largest volume of gas produced comes from the subsidiaries of OJSC Gazprom, whose production in 2009 was 516.2 billion m3 of gas, which is 89.2% of all production in the district and 78.7% in Russia as a whole.

Gas production is also carried out by small independent companies, such as NOVATEK-Tarkosaleneftegaz LLC - 19.4 billion m3, Yurkharovneftegaz LLC - 9.7 billion m3, Lukoil-Western Siberia OJSC - 8.5 billion m3 and others.

In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, oil and gas condensate were produced by 38 enterprises. In 2009, 47.7 million tons of oil and gas condensate were actually produced (about 10% of production in Russia as a whole), including 36.1 million tons of oil (92.8% by 2008), gas condensate 11.6 million tons (100.0% compared to 2008).

The main factor reducing the growth of oil production is the insufficient activity of oil companies in preparing production capacities in the face of exhaustion of opportunities for increasing production in old fields.

The main oil producing enterprises in the district remain subsidiaries of OJSC Gazprom Neft and OJSC NK Rosneft.

The enterprises of Gazprom Neft OJSC (Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz OJSC, Zapolyarneft LLC, Meretoyakhaneftegaz OJSC) produced 25.0 million tons. oil, which is 69.3% of the oil produced in the district as a whole. The company OJSC NK Rosneft and its subsidiary CJSC Komsomolskneft produced 8.1 million tons. oil - 22.4% of oil production in the district as a whole.

The share of other oil producing enterprises accounts for 8.7% (3.1 million tons). Here it is worth noting such enterprises as Geoilbent LLC, whose oil production in 2009 amounted to 1.1 million tons, RITEK OJSC - 1.2 million tons. oil, Urengoygazprom LLC - 0.5 million. oil.

Despite the fact that in 2009 the level of oil production decreased relative to 2008, the pace and volume of development of the hydrocarbon resource base in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug still has every reason to grow further.

The volume of gas condensate production remained at the 2008 level. The leading positions in condensate production are occupied by Urengoygazprom LLC, which produced 4.6 million tons in 2009, Yamburggazdobycha LLC - 1.6 million tons, NK Rosneft-Purneftegaz OJSC - 1.8 million .t., NOVATEK-Yurkharovneftegaz LLC - 0.7 million tons, Northgas OJSC - 0.5 million tons.

The production and distribution of electricity, gas and water in 2009 compared to 2008 at comparable prices amounted to 100.6 percent.

Bibliography

Land Yamal. – M.: Eksmo, 2008.

Karpova G.A. Economics of modern oil business.

M. – St. Petersburg: Gerda.

2008.

Kolotova E.V. Resource science: Proc. Benefit.

– M.: RMAT, 2009.

Official website of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug adm.yanao/

3 Official website of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug adm.yanao/

5 Kolotova E.V.

Resource science: Proc. Benefit.

– M.: RMAT, 2009.

6 Official website of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug adm.yanao/

Similar abstracts:

Studying trends in the specialization of the district's economy and identifying the possibility of restructuring peripheral industries. Consideration of the oil and energy specialization of the district, forecast of their trends. Studying the prospects for the development of specialization industries.

Amangeldy is an oil and gas field in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Belongs to the Chu-Sarysu oil and gas region.

64 oil fields have been discovered in the Pripyat trough. Their search and exploration have been carried out since 1952, development - since 1965. These fields have 185 oil deposits, of which 183 are in Devonian deposits and 2 are in Upper Proterozoic.

“New Urengoy is a city of gas producers and builders!” - this is the inscription on the stele that greets all those who arrive in the city. After all, it was the discovery of the Urengoy deposit in the mid-60s that served as the reason for the founding of New Urengoy.

Geographical and administrative location of the Tyumen region, assessment of natural resources. The basis of the region's economy is the oil and gas production complex, light and food industries. Basic economic, geographical and political conditions for investment.

Introduction

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

2General characteristics of deposits

Conclusion

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district:

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

5. Ety-Purovskoye oil field

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma).

2 General characteristics of deposits

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburg area were prepared for exploration drilling.

In 1972, the team of drilling master V.V. Polupanov completed drilling a deep well in the Yamburg area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, headed by master Alexey Myltsev.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed Yamburg.

More than 32 fields have been discovered on the peninsular part of Yamal and neighboring waters. Currently, gas reserves of more than 10 trillion cubic meters have been explored in this territory.

The key deposits in this region include the following:

Nakhodkinskoye field

On the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, near the Tazovskaya Bay, in 1974, an oil and gas exploration expedition of the Tazov team found the Nakhodkinskoye natural gas field, but only in 2003 did Lukoil OJSC launch the process of implementing its gas project for the development of mineral resources in the Bolshekhetskaya depression, and drilling work at the field began in 2004. The produced blue fuel is transported via a gas pipeline to the Yamburg compressor station and then resold to PJSC Gazprom. The nominal productivity of the Nakhodkinskoye field is about 10 billion cubic meters every year.

Yuzhno-Russkoye field

The Yuzhno-Russkoye field is an oil and gas field located in the Krasnoselkupsky district on the Yamal Peninsula, discovered in 1969 with the help of the geological exploration expedition of the Urengoy team. The level of mineral reserves mined at the deposit allows the deposit to be classified as large. Operated by OJSC Severneftegazprom since 2007. Currently, Severneftegaz-prom is developing the field with the goal of making its raw materials the base product of the Nord Stream, a pipeline between Russia and Germany.

Yety-Purovskoye field

The Yety-Purovskoye field is located in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug region, near the city of Noyabrsk. Currently, it has high potential, since the deposits here are estimated at 20 million tons of oil, which is a very impressive value for the West Siberian oil and gas province. It was found in 1982, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such geological conditions, development of the field began only in 2003. A feature of the Yety-Purovskoye field is not only high-quality oil, but also a generous reserve of associated condensate. Currently, the development process at the field is carried out by Gazprom-Noyabrskneftegaz JSC. There are 11 wells and a gas compressor station on the territory.

Zapolyarnoye field

The Zapolyarnoye field has the highest production rate in the gas industry among the fields in the Russian Federation. It is located in the Tazovsky district of the Yamal Peninsula. Discovered in 1965, the Zapolyarnoye field began to be exploited at the end of 2001. From the start of drilling work at the field and its active development in 1994 to the present day, licensed geological research at Zapolyarnoye has been carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg. The production uses high technologies that meet all modern standards, which allows us to minimize the harm that production has on the local environment. The balance reserves of the field are estimated at 3,500 billion cubic meters, and the annual design capacity is about 130 billion cubic meters.

Medvezhye field

The Medvezhye field is the first-born among the gas fields of the Far North, located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The first geological exploration work was carried out here in 1967 by the Nadym expedition near the village. Labytnangi. Drilling work continued 3 years later in the area of the village. Nadym. And 2 years later, in 1972, blue fuel began to enter the gas supply system. Currently, the work is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Nadym LLC. At the moment, due to the difficult economic situation in the country, there is a tendency for gas production to fall at the Medvezhye field. The field supplies gas mainly to Moscow, and the percentage of total production of blue fuel is only 4% of the country's total.

Urengoyskoye field

The Urengoy field is located on the fossil fuel-rich Yamal Peninsula, near the gas capital of Russia - the city of New Urengoy. Belongs to the category of supergiant deposits. It was discovered by geological exploration in 1966, and went into operation in 1978. From the bowels of the Urengoy field, gas is extracted and exported to European countries by the limited liability company Gazprom Dobycha Urengoy. Currently, the field has a balance reserve of 16,000 billion cubic meters of blue fuel. An impressive number of wells are in operation, namely 1300.

Yamburgskoye field

The Yamburgskoye field is located in the cold Yamal region, where a fifth of Russia's blue fuel reserves are concentrated, in the Tazovsky region. It was found in 1969, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such harsh climatic conditions, development of the field began only in 1986. A special feature of the Yamburg field is dry, high-quality methane gas. Currently, the development process at the field site is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC. There are 10 gas treatment plants and 4 gas treatment plants in the territory. The company's future vision is a gas project to extract raw materials from nearby areas.

Bovanenkovskoye field

The village of Bovanenkovo, which is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the 71st century became the base for the discovery and development of the Bovanenkovo field. Relatively recently, in 2012, due to the economic situation in the country, thanks to the limited liability company Gazprom Dobycha Nadym, a gas project was launched to extract natural gas from the bowels of the Bovanenkovskoye field. In terms of mineral reserves, the Bovanenkovskoye deposit belongs to the giant category. A project to study and develop the field is currently being implemented; blue fuel has not yet been produced.

Pyakyakhinskoye field

In 2009, the limited liability company LUKOIL-Western Siberia in Yamal embarked on the path to preparing the Pyakyakhinskoye field, which is very promising. Only 69.5 million tons of oil was the initially extracted reserve at the start of 2014, and gas production amounted to 234.2 billion cubic meters. A total of 219 oil fields are planned to be drilled in this area. In total, they intend to put into operation 420 wells; in addition to oil, these include 105 injection wells and 96 gas wells.

Novoportovskoye field

The Novoportovskoye field is located on the Yamal Peninsula. This field was discovered in 1964. Over 250 million tons of oil and 320 billion cubic meters of gas constitute the recovered reserves. The length of the oil pipeline, through which oil is delivered to the shore from the field, is more than 100 kilometers. In 2015 The construction of the second branch has begun; it will supply more than 5 million tons of oil per year. For the first time, oil was shipped from the field in the winter of 2015 by sea.

East Messoyakha field

East Messoyakha is located in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tazovsky District. The deposit became accessible in 1990. The deposit was named after the river of the same name, which flows through the deposit area. About 480 million tons of oil and gas condensate are produced on an area of one hundred thousand hectares. The first oil was produced in the fall of 2012. In 2014, the construction of an oil pipeline was started; its length will be more than 100 kilometers and will allow shipping 7 million tons of oil per year.

Zapadno-Messoyakha field

The West Messoyakha field is located on the Gydan Peninsula of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The operator of the project is the public joint stock company Gazprom Neft. The reserve of recoverable oil is about 180 million tons and almost 60 billion cubic meters of gas. There is no oil and gas pipeline. In difficult conditions, incl. and weather, mining is carried out. The media claim that by 2020 Zapadno-Messoyakha will reach peak production.

Russkoye field

Not far from the city of Nakhodka there is the Russkoye deposit (Tyumen region). 410 million tons of oil is the predicted volume of reserves. It was developed in 1968 and is considered one of the largest deposits in the Russian Federation. The area of the Russkoye deposit covers 525 square kilometers and was discovered by Glavtyumengeologiya.

Leningradskoye field

The Leningradskoye field in the Kara Sea was developed in 1992. It is located on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Tyumen Region), and has huge gas deposits at a depth of about 1700 meters. The field was discovered by Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka. The total area is 550 square kilometers. According to preliminary estimates, the field's reserves amounted to just over one trillion cubic meters of natural gas and three million tons of condensate. The Leningradskoye field is considered unique in its characteristics. PJSC Gazprom is the operator of the project.

Rusanovskoye field

The Rusanovskoye field, like the Leningradskoye field, is located on the shelf of the Kara Sea in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered by the Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka company in 1992. Initial reserves are estimated at almost 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Total reserves are about 779 billion cubic meters of gas and more than 7 million tons of condensate. Project operator PJSC Gazprom. Currently, 7 gas condensate deposits have been discovered, and 2 wells have been drilled.

You can get more information about the development of fields in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug at the forum and exhibition and “Yamal Neftegaz” and the congress and exhibition “