How does a heat pump work for heating a house. Heat pump for home heating: principle of operation, varieties and use Efficient heat pump

The first variants of heat pumps could only partially meet the needs for thermal energy. Modern varieties are more efficient and can be used for heating systems. That is why many homeowners are trying to mount a heat pump with their own hands.

We will tell you how to choose the best option for a heat pump, taking into account the geo-data of the site where it is planned to be installed. The article proposed for consideration describes in detail the principle of operation of systems for the use of "green energy", lists the differences. With our advice, you will no doubt end up with an efficient type.

For independent craftsmen, we present the heat pump assembly technology. The information presented for consideration is supplemented by visual diagrams, a selection of photos and a detailed video briefing in two parts.

The term heat pump refers to a set of specific equipment. The main function of this equipment is the collection of thermal energy and its transportation to the consumer. The source of such energy can be any body or medium with a temperature of +1º and more degrees.

There are more than enough sources of low-temperature heat in our environment. These are industrial waste from enterprises, thermal and nuclear power plants, sewage, etc. For the operation of heat pumps in the field of home heating, three independently recovering natural sources are needed - air, water, earth.

Heat pumps “draw” energy from processes that regularly occur in the environment. The flow of processes never stops, therefore the sources are recognized as inexhaustible according to human criteria.

The three listed potential energy suppliers are directly related to the energy of the sun, which, by heating, sets the air and wind in motion and transfers thermal energy to the earth. It is the choice of source that is the main criterion according to which heat pump systems are classified.

The principle of operation of heat pumps is based on the ability of bodies or media to transfer thermal energy to another body or medium. Recipients and suppliers of energy in heat pump systems usually work in pairs.

So there are the following types of heat pumps:

Air is water.
Earth is water.
Water is air.
Water is water.
Earth is air.
Water - water
Air is air.

In this case, the first word defines the type of medium from which the system takes low-temperature heat. The second indicates the type of carrier to which this thermal energy is transferred. So, in heat pumps water is water, heat is taken from the aquatic environment and liquid is used as a heat carrier.

Having refrigerators and air conditioners in their home, few people know that the principle of operation of a heat pump is implemented in them.

About 80% of the power supplied by a heat pump comes from ambient heat in the form of scattered solar radiation. It is his pump that simply “pumps” from the street into the house. The operation of a heat pump is similar to the principle of operation of a refrigerator, only the direction of heat transfer is different.

Simply put…

To cool a bottle of mineral water, you put it in the refrigerator. The refrigerator must “take away” part of the thermal energy from the bottle and, according to the law of conservation of energy, move it somewhere, give it away. The refrigerator transfers heat to a radiator, usually located on its back wall. At the same time, the radiator heats up, giving off its heat to the room. In fact, it heats the room. This is especially noticeable in small mini-markets in the summer, with several refrigerators on in the room.

We invite you to imagine. Suppose that we will constantly put warm objects in the refrigerator, and it will, by cooling them, heat the air in the room. Let's go to the "extremes" ... Let's place the refrigerator in the window opening with the open door of the "freezer" out. The refrigerator radiator will be in the room. During operation, the refrigerator will cool the air outside, transferring the "taken" heat into the room. This is how a heat pump works, taking dispersed heat from the environment and transferring it to the room.

Where does the pump get the heat?

The principle of operation of a heat pump is based on the "exploitation" of natural low-grade heat sources from the environment.

They may be:

just outside air;
heat of reservoirs (lakes, seas, rivers);
heat of the soil, groundwater (thermal and artesian).

How is a heat pump and a heating system with it arranged?

The heat pump is integrated into the heating system, which consists of 2 circuits + the third circuit - the system of the pump itself. A non-freezing coolant circulates along the external circuit, which takes heat from the surrounding space.

When it enters the heat pump, or rather its evaporator, the coolant gives off an average of 4 to 7 °C to the heat pump refrigerant. And its boiling point is -10 °C. As a result, the refrigerant boils, followed by a transition to a gaseous state. The coolant of the external circuit, already cooled, goes to the next “coil” through the system to set the temperature.

As part of the functional circuit of the heat pump "listed":

evaporator;
compressor (electric);
capillary;
capacitor;
coolant;
thermostatic control device.

The process looks like this!

The refrigerant "boiled" in the evaporator through the pipeline enters the compressor, powered by electricity. This "hard worker" compresses the gaseous refrigerant to high pressure, which, accordingly, leads to an increase in its temperature.

The now hot gas then enters another heat exchanger, which is called a condenser. Here, the heat of the refrigerant is transferred to the room air or heat carrier, which circulates through the internal circuit of the heating system.

The refrigerant cools down, at the same time turning into a liquid state. It then passes through a capillary pressure reducing valve where it "loses" pressure and re-enters the evaporator.

The cycle is closed and ready to repeat!

Approximate calculation of the heating output of the installation

Within an hour, up to 2.5-3 m 3 of coolant flows through the external collector through the pump, which the earth is able to heat by ∆t = 5-7 °C.

To calculate the thermal power of such a circuit, use the formula:

Q \u003d (T_1 - T_2) * V_warm

V_heat - volumetric flow rate of the heat carrier per hour (m ^ 3 / h);

T_1 - T_2 - inlet and outlet temperature difference (°C) .

Varieties of heat pumps

According to the type of dissipated heat used, heat pumps are distinguished:

ground-water (use closed ground contours or deep geothermal probes and a water heating system for a room);
water-water (open wells are used for the intake and discharge of groundwater - the external circuit is not looped, the internal heating system is water);
water-air (use of external water circuits and air-type heating systems);
(using the dissipated heat of external air masses, complete with the air heating system of the house).

Advantages and benefits of heat pumps

Economic efficiency. The principle of operation of a heat pump is based not on production, but on the transfer (transportation) of thermal energy, it can be argued that its efficiency is greater than one. What nonsense? - you will say. In the topic of heat pumps, the value appears - the coefficient of conversion (transformation) of heat (KPT). It is by this parameter that units of this type are compared with each other. Its physical meaning is to show the ratio of the amount of heat received to the amount of energy expended for this. For example, at KPT = 4.8, the electricity consumed by the pump in 1 kW will allow you to get 4.8 kW of heat with it free of charge, that is, a gift from nature.

Universal ubiquity of application. Even in the absence of available power lines, the heat pump compressor can be powered by a diesel drive. And there is "natural" heat in any corner of the planet - the heat pump will not remain "hungry".

Ecological purity of use. There are no combustion products in the heat pump, and its low energy consumption "exploits" power plants less, indirectly reducing harmful emissions from them. The refrigerant used in heat pumps is ozone-friendly and does not contain chlorocarbons.

Bidirectional mode of operation. A heat pump can heat a room in winter and cool it in summer. The “heat” taken from the premises can be used efficiently, for example, to heat water in a pool or in a hot water supply system.

Operational safety. In the principle of operation of a heat pump, you will not consider dangerous processes. The absence of open fire and harmful emissions dangerous for humans, the low temperature of the heat carriers make the heat pump a “harmless”, but useful household appliance.

Some nuances of operation

Efficient use of the principle of operation of a heat pump requires compliance with several conditions:

the room that is heated must be well insulated (heat loss up to 100 W / m 2) - otherwise, taking heat from the street, you will heat the street for your own money;
Heat pumps are beneficial for low-temperature heating systems. Under such criteria, underfloor heating systems (35-40 ° C) are excellent. The heat conversion coefficient significantly depends on the ratio of the temperatures of the inlet and outlet circuits.

Let's sum it up!

The essence of the principle of operation of a heat pump is not in production, but in the transfer of heat. This allows you to get a high coefficient (from 3 to 5) of thermal energy conversion. Simply put, each 1 kW of electricity used will “transfer” 3-5 kW of heat to the house. Is there anything else that needs to be said?

A heat pump is a universal device that functionally combines the characteristics of an air conditioner, a water heater and a heating boiler. This device does not use conventional fuel, its operation requires renewable sources from the environment - the energy of air, soil, water.

Therefore, a heat pump today is the most cost-effective unit, since its operation does not depend on the cost of fuel, it is also environmentally friendly, since the heat source is not electricity or combustion products, but natural heat sources.

For a better understanding of how a heat pump works for heating a house, it is worth remembering the principle of operation of a refrigerator. Here the working substance evaporates, giving off cold. And in the pump, on the contrary, it condenses and produces heat.

How a heat pump works

The entire process of the system is presented in the form of a Carnot cycle - named after the inventor. It can be described as follows. The coolant passes through the working circuit - air, ground, water, their combinations , from where it is sent to the 1st heat exchanger - the evaporation chamber. Here it transfers the accumulated heat to the refrigerant circulating in the internal circuit of the pump.

The principle of operation of a heat pump for heating a house

The liquid refrigerant enters the evaporation chamber, where low pressure and temperature (5 0 C) convert it into a gaseous state. The next stage is the transition of gas to the compressor and its compression. As a result, the temperature of the gas rises sharply, the gas passes into the condenser, here it exchanges heat with the heating system. The cooled gas turns into a liquid, and the cycle repeats.

Advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps

The operation of heat pumps for heating a house can be controlled by means of specially installed temperature controllers. The pump automatically turns on when the medium temperature drops below the set value and turns off if the temperature exceeds the set point. Thus, the device maintains a constant temperature in the room - this is one of the advantages of the devices.

The advantages of the device are its efficiency - the pump consumes a small amount of electricity and environmental friendliness, or absolute safety for the environment. The main advantages of the device:

Reliability. The service life exceeds 15 years, all parts of the system have a high working resource, power surges do not harm the system.
Safety. No soot, no exhaust, no open flames, no gas leakage.
Comfort. The operation of the pump is silent, climate control and an automatic system, the operation of which depends on weather conditions, help to create coziness and comfort in the house.
Flexibility. The device has a modern stylish design, it can be combined with any home heating system.
Versatility. It is used in private, civil construction. Because it has a wide power range. Due to which it can provide heat to rooms of any size - from a small house to a cottage.

The complex structure of the pump determines its main drawback - the high cost of equipment and its installation. To install the device, it is necessary to carry out earthworks in large volumes.

Heat pumps - classification

The operation of a heat pump for heating a house is possible in a wide temperature range - from -30 to +35 degrees Celsius. The most common devices are absorption (they transfer heat through its source) and compression (the circulation of the working fluid occurs due to electricity). The most economical absorption devices, however, they are more expensive and have a complex design.

Classification of pumps by type of heat source:

Geothermal. They take heat from water or earth.
Air. They take heat from the air.
secondary heat. They take the so-called production heat - generated in production, during heating, and other industrial processes.

The heat carrier can be:

Water from an artificial or natural reservoir, groundwater.
Priming.
Air masses.
Combinations of the above media.

Geothermal pump - principles of design and operation

A geothermal pump for heating a house uses the heat of the soil, which it selects with vertical probes or a horizontal collector. Probes are placed at a depth of up to 70 meters, the probe is located at a small distance from the surface. This type of device is most efficient, since the heat source has a fairly high constant temperature throughout the year. Therefore, it is necessary to spend less energy on heat transportation.

Such equipment is expensive to install. The high cost of drilling wells. In addition, the area allotted for the collector should be several times larger than the area of the heated house or cottage. Important to remember: the land where the collector is located cannot be used for planting vegetables or fruit trees - the roots of the plants will be supercooled.

Using water as a heat source

A pond is a source of a large amount of heat. For the pump, you can use non-freezing reservoirs from 3 meters deep or groundwater at a high level. The system can be implemented as follows: the heat exchanger pipe, weighed down with a load at the rate of 5 kg per 1 linear meter, is laid on the bottom of the reservoir. The length of the pipe depends on the footage of the house. For a room of 100 sq.m. the optimal length of the pipe is 300 meters.

In the case of using groundwater, it is necessary to drill two wells located one after the other in the direction of groundwater. A pump is placed in the first well, supplying water to the heat exchanger. Chilled water enters the second well. This so-called open circuit of heat collection. Its main disadvantage is that the groundwater level is unstable and can change significantly.

Air is the most accessible source of heat

In the case of using air as a heat source, the heat exchanger is a radiator forcedly blown by a fan. If a heat pump works for heating a house using an air-to-water system, the user benefits from:

Possibility to heat the whole house. Water, acting as a heat carrier, is diluted through heating devices.
With minimal electricity consumption - the ability to provide residents with hot water. This is possible due to the presence of an additional heat-insulated heat exchanger with storage capacity.
Pumps of a similar type can be used to heat water in swimming pools.

If the pump operates on an air-to-air system, no heat carrier is used to heat the space. Heating is produced by the received thermal energy. An example of the implementation of such a scheme is a conventional air conditioner set to heating mode. Today, all devices that use air as a heat source are inverter-based. They convert alternating current to direct current, providing flexible control of the compressor and its operation without stopping. And this increases the resource of the device.

Heat pump - an alternative home heating system

Heat pumps are an alternative to modern heating systems. They are economical, environmentally friendly and safe to use. However, the high cost of installation work and equipment today does not allow the use of devices everywhere. Now you know how a heat pump works for heating a house, and having calculated all the pros and cons, you can decide on its installation.

A heat pump is a good alternative to the traditional heating of a private house. The device, which has been used for 30 years in Western countries, is still a novelty in Russia. Two factors prevent its widespread use: high cost and lack of knowledge about heat pumps, their advantages and principles of operation. An indicator of the practicality of a geothermal heating system is its popularity in the West. Thus, about 95% of houses are heated with heat pumps in Sweden and Norway. We invite you to learn more about the device and the principles of operation of this thermal equipment, which, of course, is the future.

What is a heat pump?

A heat pump is a device that absorbs low-potential thermal energy from the environment (water, earth, air) and transfers it to heat supply systems with a higher temperature.

The nature around us is saturated with energy. Even frost has warmth. Energy cannot be extracted from the environment only at a temperature of -273 °C. Therefore, even in the most severe winter, a country house can be heated by energy obtained from nature.

Depending on the source of energy (water, earth, air), modification of heat pumps. However, the most practical and tried and tested is the ground source heat pump. It is ideal for Russian conditions.

Geothermal heating works in one of three directions:

The use of geothermal heating, like any heat supply system, will not only heat the house, but also provide hot water, heat a parking lot or a greenhouse, heat water in a swimming pool

Benefits of using a heat pump

How a heat pump works

The operation of a heat pump can be compared to that of a conventional refrigerator. Only instead of cold, the device produces heat. The substance that transmits energy is freon A gas or liquid with a low boiling point. When evaporating, it absorbs heat, and when condensing, it gives it away.

The heat pump is the main element of the system. Its dimensions do not exceed the dimensions of the average washing machine which makes it easier to install the device. The pump itself is included in two circuits: internal and external.

Inner contour consists of a house heating system (pipes and radiators). Outer loop located in water or underground. It includes a collector-heat exchanger and pipes connecting the collector to the pump.

Heat pumps are equipped with various additional devices. It can be:

communication device to control the system through a personal computer or mobile phone;
cooling block for local or central cooling system;
additional pump unit may be required for underfloor heating;
circulation pump necessary for the circulation of hot water;

The pumping process consists of several stages:

Anti-freeze mixture fed into the collector. Thermal energy is absorbed and transported to the pump.
In the evaporator, energy is transferred to freon, where it heats up up to 8 °C, boils and turns into steam.
As the pressure in the compressor increases, the temperature rises. It can reach 70°C.
The internal heating system receives thermal energy through capacitor. Freon instantly cools and turns into a liquid state, while giving off the remaining heat. Then it goes back to the collector. Thus the cycle ends.
Further work is repeated according to the same principle.

The heat pump operates most efficiently when there are underfloor heating in the house. Heat is distributed over the entire floor area evenly. There are no overheating zones. The heat carrier in the system rarely heats up more than 35 °C, and heating by floor heating is considered the most comfortable at 33 °C. This is 2 °C less than when heating with radiators. Hence arises saving up to 18% per year from the entire heating budget. In addition, it is believed that heating at floor level is the most comfortable for a person to live.

The heating system can be monovalent and bivalent. Monovalent systems have one heating source. It fully meets the year-round need for warmth. Bivalent, respectively, have two sources.

Heating the house in winter

In areas with more severe climatic conditions, it is important to use bivalent heating system. Due to the second heat source, the temperature range is extended. The operation of one heat pump is sufficient only up to a temperature level of -20 °C. With a larger decrease, an electric heater, fireplace, liquid fuel or gas boiler are connected. In this case, the power of the heat pump is limited from the maximum winter demand to 70 - 80%. The missing 20 - 30% gives an additional source of heat. This reduces the overall efficiency of the system. However, the decrease is insignificant.

With a complete transition to heating the building with a geothermal system (in the case when it is not planned to install an additional boiler or electrical appliance), the heat pump is used in conjunction with an indoor module containing a small built-in electric heater. It will support the instrument when the ambient temperature is below -20 °C.

When is the use of a heat pump justified?

The issue of heating a country house involves consideration of several options:

Gas. In the absence of a gas pipeline near the house, this becomes impossible. In some regions, gas can only be bought in bottles.
Coal or firewood. With them, heating turns into a laborious and inefficient process.
Oil boiler requires high fuel costs and special premises. Special storage is also necessary for the fuel itself, which is inconvenient in a small house.
Heating with electricity is very expensive.

In this case, help comes geothermal heating system. It is used even where gas is available. Installing a heat pump is more expensive than installing gas heating equipment. However, in the future, gas will have to be paid constantly, unlike energy taken from the environment.

The payback of a heat pump is difficult to express in an average numerical value. It all depends on its initial cost. The essence of the installation of such heating is reduced to perspective. Although the amount consumed electricity - 3-5 times less than other heating systems, it is still necessary to calculate in monetary terms all energy costs for the year and compare them with the cost of the system, its installation and operation.

It is possible to achieve the maximum efficiency of the use of a heat pump if two important conditions:

Heated building must be insulated, and the heat loss index should not exceed 100 W/m2. There is a direct relationship between how the house is insulated and how profitable the installation of a heat pump will be.
Connecting the heat pump to low temperature heating sources(convectors, warm floors), the temperature regime of which ranges between 30 - 40 °C.

So, the heat pump will be a good alternative to traditional heating methods. The device guarantees economy and complete safety. The owner, after installing a geothermal heating system, will not have to depend on various external factors, such as interruptions in gas supply or calling a service provider. Energy taken from the environment does not require payment and is not exhausted.

Geothermal pumps will account for three-quarters of all heating equipment in 2020, according to the World Energy Committee.

The practice of using heat pumps: video

From year to year, before buying equipment for heating their home, consumers have a legitimate question about saving money on the heating process. This moment excites many because of the constant rise in prices for all known types of fuel. Several decades ago, scientists proposed an alternative option - to extract energy from the surrounding space. This system is called heating heat pumps and is effectively used in European countries and Japan.

Tasks solved by installing a heat pump

The equipment allows you to heat the house and maintain a constant temperature in the cold season. In summer, such a system will help to avoid heat in the room, since many pumps are equipped with a reverse cooling function. Each owner has the right to choose for himself the only acceptable type of home heating and water heating. But the main aspects of the use of thermal units, which determine the demand, are: environmental friendliness, operational safety, comfortable conditions, efficiency, long life, acceptable design.

The annual increase in the price of energy carriers leads to the fact that consumers prefer to install expensive equipment for home heating, which does not require further expenses for the purchase of gas, solid or liquid fuel. Heat pumps do not require major periodic maintenance and last longer.

In some houses over 150 m2, geothermal heating methods are used along with a backup heating boiler. Such a combination allows you to recoup the investment after 5 years of use. The heat of the earth with low potentiality is converted by the pump into a permanent heat carrier with a temperature not lower than 75ºС. At the same time, the spent kilowatt of electrical energy contributes to the release of about 6 kilowatts of heat.

During the summer, the passive cooling model allows the circulation of a coolant circuit, which is cooled in the ground, where the temperature is 5-7ºС. The electricity spent on the operation of the circulation pump is much cheaper than the operation of standard air conditioning throughout the entire area of the house in the hot season.

To increase the efficiency of the pump, you can connect additional circuits for heating the pool to it, use the energy of a solar collector in summer.

Pumps for heat pipelines

Description

The planet is a hot core covered with a thick layer of solid matter. Someday the core will cool down, because unlike the stars, the earth does not have its own source of heat. But it is not worth talking about the duration of the period during which the soil temperature will change, since even our civilization will not feel this. That is why soil at a relatively shallow depth of up to 50 m exists in a constantly heated state, with a temperature of about 12ºС. Depth may vary depending on local climate.

Geothermal heat pumps can be used even in permafrost zones, but you will have to look for heat at great depths.

Operating principle

The heat pump is used to extract low energy heat from the environment. It converts it into high-temperature energy for transfer to the coolant in the heating circuit. Pump operation is based on the application of physical and chemical laws. The masses of air, water and earth around constantly accumulate solar energy, which is used in the heating system.

Installing a heat pump is like operating a refrigerator, only in reverse order. The refrigeration unit has a freezer (evaporator), which supplies him with cold. Excess heat enters the condenser grill at the back of the refrigerator and is released into the air.

The heat pump has an evaporator located in such a place that it is in contact with a low heat source of natural energy:

layers of the bowels of the earth located below the freezing point of the surface using inclined or vertical wells;
water depths of thermal non-freezing reservoirs lowering to the desired depth;
air masses outside the house.

In such a geothermal device, the condenser works as a heat exchange device that gives off heat to heat the coolant in the heating circuit of the house, which is supplied for final distribution to heaters and radiators.

For an expanded concept, we present circuit in which the chemical element refrigerant moves present there in the form of a liquid or gas. Its movement occurs due to the operation of the compressor. The refrigerant heats up when compressed, so an expansion valve is added to the design.

The system has two heat exchangers. One of them works as an evaporator in the cold area and serves to lower the temperature of the air or water in the same way as an air conditioner or refrigerator. The second one works as a condenser in the hot area and heats the water for the heating system.

The remaining action is to identify a source for collecting heat, which gives energy to probes, long pipe loops at the bottom of reservoirs or below the freezing point, air sources.

Three circuits in a heat pump system:

Manufacturers predict a service life of at least 20 years, but concepts such as friction and wear will disable the pump much earlier. In reality, it is possible to set the duration of operation of thermal equipment without repair at 10–12 years.

Natural heat sources

Earth's interior

They are a free heat generator. At a depth where the soil never freezes, a positive stable temperature is maintained, which does not change depending on the season.

To collect low-temperature heat from the soil, two methods are used:

drilling of vertical collectors wells to a depth of 50 to 200 m to take water and run it through a heat exchanger and transfer it to a reservoir after use;
laying pipeline on the site of the house at a depth of more than one meter and a distance between the contours of at least one meter with backfilling and watering with moisture.

Water

It is possible to collect a sufficient amount of heat in water masses if there is a non-freezing lake with running water or groundwater rises high. A long pipeline is laid at the bottom, fixed with the help of weights, which are set at the rate of 5 kg per 1 linear meter. For the operation of a heat exchanger with a length of approximately 300 meters to be effective, the distance between the turns of the pipes should not be less than 1.5 m.

To operate such a system, the principle of open heat collection is most often used. It implies that two wells are made along the movement of groundwater, the first one serves to collect water with a pump and supply it to a heat exchanger. In the second, the used chilled water is discharged.

The risk of disruption is that the height of the groundwater rise may vary depending on the rainy season and the movement of land layers.

Air

The most common and easily accessible source of heat is the atmosphere. The heat exchanger is made like a large radiator with a sufficient number of fins and a blower fan. Such a heat pump is designed for heating and for supplying hot water to the owners of the house. Often the simplest devices of this type are used to heat water in winter pools. The cost of electrical energy is minimal.

External heat exchangers are mounted on the roof of the house or on its wall. If powerful equipment is supposed, then for its installation it is necessary to create an additional foundation in the form of a foundation.

Thermal installations that extract heat from the atmosphere are mostly inverter-based. They convert alternating current which allows the compressor to operate at full capacity. When the coolant is heated to the desired temperature, the equipment does not stop, only the power decreases. Thus, the service life of the equipment is increased.

Overview of heat pump types

Air-to-water pumps

They collect heat from the atmosphere and heat the liquid in the heating system. Available in standard and compact models. It can be installed both in the process of repairing a building, and during a new construction of a house. Provide heating of the heat carrier up to 60ºС at outside temperatures up to -20ºС. With the most difficult work, the power reaches 20 kW. Some systems are supplied with additional heating by means of electricity for operation in extreme conditions or heating the system for defrosting.

Thermal system "brine-water"

It receives energy from the bowels of the earth through the installation of special geothermal probes. Two expansion heat exchangers are installed in the system, which work for heat and cooling. Plant power 16 kW. A new design system is used, consisting of up to 6 modules connected in series, consuming a total power of up to 50 kW.

Thermal installation "water-water"

The pumps are of high quality built into the manufacturing process. They have a heat exchanger in the form of plates in the design. Almost all important elements are made of stainless steel and its alloys. The expansion tank can be easily connected to soil pumps if necessary. Work power 6 kW. All models are fully automatic.

Heat pumps by type of air-to-air operation

They are able not only to heat the water, but also the air in the room. . These include split systems.. It is also possible to install a cascade version with a power of up to 50 kW.

Geothermal "soil-water"

Very well proved for heating in private houses and industrial facilities. To collect heat, wells of various depths are drilled, there are all elements of full automation of control. They work from deep or surface collectors.

The cost of equipment and installation of a heat pump

The price of a heat pump is determined by several factors. To do this, take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated house, the presence of additional pipes of various heating options. In addition, the type of pump installed plays a role in terms of the principle of collecting natural heat from the environment and in terms of power.

Much attention is paid to the insulation of building envelopes, as heat loss will affect the required pump power. If for comparison use a thermal unit with a power of 10 to 20 kW, then in a house with standard heat losses (non-insulated walls) it will be able to effectively heat an area of up to 220 m2, in a carefully insulated house the space will increase to 420 m2. And in a modern dwelling completely isolated from heat losses, a pump of such power can successfully heat an area of up to 750 m2.

The price of geothermal equipment includes installation and earthworks up to the buffer tank of the heating system of the house and the cost of the heat pump.

In the case of a standard small house up to 130 m2 when using ground heat intake, the cost of equipment will be about 430,000 rubles, and installation will cost 300,000 rubles. The use of a horizontal soil collector will reduce installation costs to 150,000 rubles, but the price of equipment will remain the same.

The cheapest heating system for such a house can be considered a system of air intake of heat and its transfer to a water coolant. The price of equipment is significantly lower and amounts to about 350,000 rubles, the cost of installation is 80,000 rubles.

If we talk about deep drilling wells in areas with a low freezing point and for heating a house up to 400 m2, then the cost of equipment can reach 800,000 rubles, installation work will cost 355,000 rubles.

The use of soil, water and air heat pumps will greatly facilitate the life of the owners of the house, who will not focus on the procurement of fuel, its transportation and storage. In addition, comfort and lack of need for constant maintenance will make the system indispensable for every consumer.