For each part of speech there is a rule for combined or separate spelling with the particle NOT. The participle contains both the characteristics of a verb and an adjective, so the rule of writing it with NOT is one of the most difficult. During the lesson you will look at all the features of writing participles with NOT, and also learn to distinguish a participle from a verbal adjective.

Russian language in diagrams and tables. Spelling is NOT with participles.

Didactic materials. Section "Communion"

Spelling participles. Exercises.

Literature

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.

2. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

3. “Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". Ed. Pimenova S.N. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.

4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

Let's figure out how to spell “not” with participles, together or separately, on the set examples, simple and clear. We will choose examples that are as illustrative as possible, so that in future writing questions not with participles did not arise.

Before we deal with combined and separate writing not with participles, let’s define the concepts.
Participle– this is a part of speech that denotes the attribute of an object by action. Simply put, a participle is a characteristic of what happens to an object. A participle is formed from a verb and answers the questions of an adjective.
Some examples of participle formation:

• Doing > Doing
• Go > Walking
• Read > Read

That is, in addition to the question: “which one?”, you can ask the question to the sacrament: “what is he doing?”
It is important not to confuse participles with verbal adjectives. Verbal adjectives differ in that they denote a general attribute of an object that is not related to the description of the process.
Let's show with an example:
Brilliant performance. It is brilliant because it is magnificent, but it is not because it glitters. In this case, brilliant is an adjective.
A coin shining in the sun. That is, the coin glitters in the sun. Here, shiny is a participle.
It is very important to understand the difference between participles and verbal adjectives, since the rules for writing non-participles do not apply to adjectives.

So, we’ve sorted out the concepts, now let’s move directly to combined and separate writing not with participles.

Separate writing not with participles

1) “Not” is always written separately with short participles.
For example. The book has not been published, not written, not read. The secret is neither visible nor audible.

2) “Not” is written separately when there is opposition or explicit negation.
Examples:

• This job is not done, but only half done.

Conjunctions such as “a”, “but”, “however” clearly indicate opposition.

This is an unjustified action. Here the obvious negation is strengthened by the adverb nothing.

No. This is not a retelling of the work. We also have an obvious negation in meaning.

3) “Not” is written separately when participles have dependent words, except for adverbs of measure and degree. Dependent words are words that can be asked a participle question.
Examples:

• Homework I didn't do.

Not made (by whom?) by me. By me is a dependent word.

A work completely unprepared for publication. There are 2 dependent words: “perfectly” and “seals”. We write separately, but pay attention to the fact that “perfectly” is an adverb of degree and it does not fall under the rule.

Continuous spelling not with participles

1) We write together when the participle is not used without “not”.
Examples: indignant, perplexed, hated
2) When the participle is used in sentences without opposition and explicit negation, as well as without dependent words, except for adverbs of measure and degree.
Examples:

• A completely unprepared piece. We have already considered this example above, however, in this example, the second dependent word “seal” is no longer there, and the first dependent word “Completely” falls into the exceptions.
• You are an unread book for me. Although there is a dependent word “me” here, we are not dealing with a participle, but with an adjective, as we talked about at the beginning. By unread we mean new. You are like a new book to me.
• I have read unverified quotes. Here we really have a participle without oppositions, negations and dependent words.

In order to consolidate the material you have learned, be sure to come up with your examples.
Thirty literate sentences with participles will be enough.

Actually according to the writing not with participles Today we have everything.
Do not write with participles correctly! May literacy and penmanship be with you!

If you have any questions, comments or suggestions about the article, be sure to write them in the comments.

1. It is written smoothly Not with full participles, for which there are no explanatory words, for example: Not proofread manuscript, Not spotted typos, Not verified quotes, Not stopping pain.

2. Written separately Not with participles that have explanatory words, for example: Not manuscript returned to the author, Not typos noticed by the proofreader, Not proofs submitted on time, Not versions of individual chapters of the novel published during the writer’s lifetime.

Note 1. This rule also applies to those cases where a participle with explanatory words forms part of a compound predicate, for example: Many of the writer's letters remained not published during his lifetime; Mediocrity will leave the stage unnoticed in art. Wed. in another syntactic structure: It's hard to imagine him not participating active in public life.
Participles used as nouns are also subject to this, for example: Among no-shows Petrov and Sergeev were at the meeting. But when substantivizing a participle (transitioning into the category of nouns), continuous spelling is used, for example: number underachievers In Russian.

Note 2. If there are adverbs of measure and degree as explanatory words Not with participles it is written together (cf. § 66, paragraph 6, note 2), for example: absolutely unread manuscript, completely unverified numbers. But if, in addition to such adverbs, there are other explanatory words in the participle, then preference is given to the more general rule and Not written separately, for example: absolutely not prepared for typesetting the manuscript, completely not resolved still a problem.

Note 3. If the participle is used in the meaning of an adjective, then in the presence of explanatory words Not written together (cf. § 66, paragraph 6), for example: This general animation, brilliance, noise - all this, hitherto unprecedented And unheard of me, so amazed me that in the first days I was completely at a loss(Dostoevsky). Wed: unsuitable for southern cultures conditions(i.e. unsuitable, in the meaning of the adjective) - writing, not suitable under the rule(participial); By independent from the editor to the circumstances(phraseological phrase with an adjective) - reflexes, independent from the will of man(participial); over the centuries untouched Earth(in the meaning of an adjective; cf.: untouched food, untouched nature- in a figurative sense) - Rowan, untouched autumn frosts(participial). The same distinction is made for short forms, cf.: the lies of politicians are so shameless, sometimes so naked (i.e. obvious, obvious in the meaning of an adjective) - door not covered (participle, see below, paragraph 1); student unprepared (adjective) - report not prepared (participle).

3. Written separately Not with short participles, for example: manuscript not edited, quotes not verified, Job not completed .

4. Written separately Not with participles in which there is or is implied opposition, for example: not finished, but only the beginning of the story.

VII. Spelling NOT and NOR

§ 88.Not written together:

1. In all cases where without a negative particle Not the word is not used, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian eg: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; everyone for non-specialists I liked the report; not Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse (Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs -o(s) , if their combination with Not does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy looking(i.e. painful), impossible character(i.e. heavy), sea restless(i.e. worried), matter unclean(i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), entered not good(i.e. bad).

7. In a verb prefix under- , indicating non-compliance with the required standard, for example: underfulfill(perform below the required standard), overlook(not enough, bad look, miss something), lack of sleep(sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix under- it is necessary to distinguish between verbs with a prefix before- having a negative in front of them Not and denoting an action not completed, for example: don't finish reading book, don't finish your drink tea, don't finish watching play.

§ 89.Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, slowly.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with a prefix under- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. With participles: a) in a short form, for example: debt not paid, house not completed, coat not sewn; b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he brought unfinished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: no luck led us to success, and endurance and composure; not death terrible - your disfavor is terrible (Pushkin); morning has come not clear, but foggy; the train is coming not fast and not slow(implied: “at some average speed”); not tomorrow(there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. You should pay attention to some cases of separate spelling of a particle Not . Particle Not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with as an explanatory word neither , For example: no one (for nobody and so on.) an unnecessary thing, an error that never occurs, no one benefits from taking it on; b) if Not is part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from our only desire, by no means a fair solution, not at all the best way out, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that.

About cases of continuous writing Not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. Philosophical term not me written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately not once, For example: Not once he accused himself of being overly cautious (Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't mind, don't mind, don't mind.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all not commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not the old way.

§ 90.Neither written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle neither is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one and so on.

2. In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, in no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in the particle someday.

§ 91. In all other cases the particle neither written separately.

About using particles neither cm. § .

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between revolutions none other than..., none other than... from revolutions no one else...; nothing else... eg: it was none other than your brother, but: no one else could say this; It was nothing more than fire, but: nothing else could scare me.

"Not" with different parts of speech.
Together or separately?

In order for students to understand and successfully master a new spelling topic, the teacher must first of all show the internal logic of the laws of Russian spelling, make these laws understandable, familiar and simple. The means may vary. This is especially true for the moments of practicing and consolidating new knowledge. Tables (ready-made or thought out by the teacher, “tortured” by him - and therefore the best), algorithms, entertaining and educational tasks, and games are also suitable here.

Visualization and “entertainment” should not be neglected in high school, so that Russian language lessons do not turn into a dreary repetition of what was supposedly studied in the 6th and 7th grades, but is completely forgotten by the majority, and is perceived by many simply as a new revelation .

I. Didactic material from various manuals helps the teacher when studying and repeating the topic « Not with different parts of speech." The main writing principle that schoolchildren must learn here is:

Particle Not , written separately, expresses the negation of a sign or action.

Console Not-, written together, it only says that the object has the opposite quality, sign or effect.

Based on this principle, you can combine numerous rules into simple schemes:

Particle Not written separately: – with verbs(was not),with gerunds(leisurely),with numerals(not once), and with short adjectives with a hint of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want); – with all words, if they have or are implied contrast with union A (Not deep, A small river), as well as with intensification denial words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all(not at all happy faces); – with adjectives in comparative degree(not thinner); – in words with prepositions(Not with whom, Not in spirit Not for whom, Not in force).

Not written together: - in words that are without Not not used (Not vezha, Not conquerable); – in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced with a synonym (Not friend - enemy, very Not healthy look - very sick look, Not healthy – sick); – in verbal adjectives -washed (Not dependent); – V indefinite pronouns (Not Who, Not What, Not which); – V verbs with prefix under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, lack of action (under do , under evaluate).

The same writing principle applies to participles:

Full participles with a particle Not are written apart, if there – dependent word: Not repaid nobody lights; – contrast with union but not repaid, A lit lights. Not with participles -my written separately, if available dependent word in creative case: Not visible(adv.) eye, But invisible(adj.) tears to the world.

If there is no dependent word or contrast with a conjunction A, then the particle Not is written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the fog. WITH short participles particle Not is written always separately: lights Not repaid.

II. You can present these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).

Not with different parts of speech
Part of speech	Together	Apart
Noun, adjective, adverb -o, -e	1. Not to be used without Not-: sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous 2. Can be replaced with a synonym without Not-: Not modestly (boastfully) Not stupid (smart) 3. In negative adverbs: Not Where , Not Where	1. There is a contrast: Not Truth , A lie 2. Denial is reinforced by words far, not at all, not at all, never: far Not silly 3. With adverbs not on -o, -e: Not comradely
Pronoun	After Not And neither no preposition: neither whom , Not whom	After Not And neither there is a preposition: Not who , neither who
Verb, gerund	Not harass (not used without -Not ) Not harassing(not used without -Not )	Not noticed (verb) Not noticing(gerund)
Participle	There is no dependent word or opposition: Not finished work	1. There is a dependent word: Not finished during Job 2. There is a contrast: Not finished, A work started 3. With short participles: Job Not finished

III. Words that are without Not are not used.

Nouns	Adjectives	Verbs
stranger fury ignoramus, ignoramus absurdity, absurdity hatred bad weather fidget dislike stainless steel (steel) slob, sloppiness lob Nesmeyana (princess) foolish nonsense clumsiness penalty a lack of uncleanness tawny owl (grass)	frantic unsightly unsociable hated stormy restless impenetrable (darkness) unsightly (action) hostile unlucky sloppy countless (quantity) awkward clumsy merciless (swearing)	be indignant be perplexed lack (something) overlook (behind the child) miss (Sveta) dislike hate go on a rampage I'm not feeling well he's itching you're in trouble

IV. Simplified version of the rules:

V. We work with algorithms.

VI. Developmental tasks.

1. Reaction speed task(good to do after a long time of writing). The teacher reads the phrases, calling out their serial number, and the students write down only the numbers in two columns: together Not- and separately Not

1) unfulfilled order;

2) the forest is not coniferous;

3) an indignant look;

4) the windows are not washed;

5) not happy about the meeting;

6) there was no;

7) he is not feeling well;

8) the ring is not gold;

9) not easy to decide;

10) is far from an easy matter;

11) very carelessly;

12) unmown meadow;

13) without looking around;

14) despite the circumstances.

Answer is written like this:

together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;

separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.

2. Attention task which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.

Write down only the numbers adjectives, who are without Not not used:

1) unfinished novel;

2) leisurely;

3) unsightly;

4) not involved;

5) careless;

6) immature;

7) clumsy;

8) irreversible.

Now remember the rest of the words from the list that Not are always written together (training auditory memory).

3. Determine by ear whether it is Not part of the root of a noun or is it a prefix without which the word cannot be used:

2) slob;

3) weakness;

4) hatred;

6) nectar.

4. Choose synonyms for the words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, unhappiness, independence. A Now remember and write down the noun with Not, which was dictated to you.

5. Choose antonyms with Not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery– ..., opponent -..., concentration - ..., dirty - ..., neat– ..., close – ..., lie – ..., low– ....

6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with Not together:

not to grab, not to dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,

not to hear, to be perplexed, to be tender, to bask.

How do you write Not with a verb in sentences:

I'm missing 100 rubles

Am I missing 100 thousand?

7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (jointly and separately):

not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,

not to do, not to do, to be indignant, to be perplexed,

not to notice, not to notice, to rage,

don’t ask, don’t ask, (he) isn’t feeling well,

itching, to overlook (someone).

From what verbs is it impossible to form gerunds?

(After completing the last two exercises, the children have in their notebooks a list of almost all verbs and gerunds that, without Not are not used).

VII. Exercise to restore deformed text for consolidation.

Correct any mistakes made in the text.

And since their corner was almost deserted, there was nowhere to get the latest news about what was happening in this world: the transporters with wooden utensils lived only twenty miles away and knew little more than them. There was nothing even to compare their lives with: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.

Happy people lived, thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be any other way, confident that everyone else lived exactly the same way and that living differently was a sin.

In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, not one has died, let alone a violent death, or even a natural death.

And if someone died from an old age or from some long-standing illness and fell into eternal sleep, then for a long time afterward they could not bear such an unusual case.

Once, however, he was found lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, near the bridge, apparently, a man who had lagged behind the passing artel.

The men did not dare to come close. The passerby made a movement to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.

And everyone went to the village, telling the old people that the person lying there was not from here and was not saying anything.

“Not from here, don’t touch it!” - said the old people .

(According to I.A. Goncharov)

VIII. Write a dictation.

THE BOYS ARE LOST

The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. Wrong trees, wrong swamps, wrong grass. Some strange flowers are visible, they weren’t there before. And instead of a road there is an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had fallen through the ground. The sun has set. But they were not at all ready for sunset. The darkness in the forest was pitch-black, but they were walking straight ahead, not making out the road, and it was impossible to make out. They saw no more of each other. Suddenly Kolya became wary and shuddered. A long, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them uncontrollably through stumps, swamps, and bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustling of the rain. Both were trembling and rubbing their hands on their knees as they walked.

(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)

LITERATURE

1. Bogdanova G.A."Russian language lessons in 8th grade."

2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards A, step by step."

3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Support diagrams. Exercises. M., 2005.

O.P. ECHINA,
Moscow