Protective oil for wood. Everything you need to know about linseed oil wood finishing. Oil impregnation for wood processing at home

There are several types of products designed for surface or depth protection of materials. For wood processing, oils are considered the best. This is because most of these formulations are natural. Consequently, they do not negate one of the main advantages of wood - "environmental friendliness". We will figure out how to choose the right oil impregnation for outdoor work.

Wood species

All lumber differs in structure density, and oils - in consistency. The harder the wood, the more fluid the preparation should be. ...

Composition of the product

Here you should focus on further wood finishing. Is it supposed at all, and if so, what exactly. Some oils contain wax. It gives the wood its characteristic shine, and no additional polishing of such a surface is required. The use of such preparations greatly facilitates the care of the tree, since the restoration of such a coating (and this is necessary for any processing options) is carried out much less frequently.

Some wood processing oils contain coloring agents. If it is necessary to provide tint of the tree simultaneously with protection, then one should focus on such modifications of impregnations. Self-introduction of dyes requires a lot of experience both in terms of dosage and in the uniformity of mixing the composition.

The greatest demand is for matt linseed oil. Its distinctive features are a liquid consistency (hence, excellent absorbency into the structure of the tree) and high antibacterial properties. The latter is important for outdoor work, since such impregnations prevent the emergence and development of fungus and mold.

Consumption

Manufacturers indicate the recommended number of layers. This needs to be correlated with the price of oil, the size of the cultivated area, the location of the house and the local climatic conditions. Actually, on this point, the choice is determined by economic feasibility.

"Direction" of the oil action

There is no defense "from everything" in principle. When it comes to a universal oil for outdoor use, then you need to understand that its characteristics are averaged in all respects. Therefore, comprehensive protection is the same - at an average level. Based on this, it is necessary to determine who is the main "enemy" for the tree in local conditions, and choose the appropriate oil.

For example, the one that better protects against rot when it comes to areas where there is excessive moisture (near natural water bodies, in lowlands, etc.). But this does not mean that such a drug will not prevent the destruction of the tree by insects or ultraviolet light. It's just that its effectiveness in this regard will be somewhat lower.

Not everyone understands when it is more appropriate to use oil rather than paints or varnishes. Therefore, it should be clarified:

If you want to preserve the texture, relief of the wood. First of all, this applies to valuable species that are not exposed to external finishing.
With the further use of lumber in damp conditions.
To protect the tree from external factors for a long time. For outdoor work, this is especially true. All paints and varnishes are characterized by a certain number of freeze / thaw cycles with significant temperature drops and temperatures below 0 ºС. According to this indicator, the oil has no restrictions.
In cases where the wood is subjected to regular artificial heating. This is observed when arranging underfloor heating under parquet or boardwalk. Under these operating conditions, paints or varnishes will not last long, and the surface will have to be renewed periodically.
When wood processing with other compositions is not economically feasible.

Manufacturers and cost

There are enough manufacturers of oils for wood processing. The leading position among products for external use is occupied by products under the brand "PNZ" (Germany). Not to be confused with the equally well-known drug "Glimtrex"! The latter is used for indoor work. All modifications of PNZ formulations are based only on natural oils (soy, rapeseed, flax, walnut) and are characterized by comprehensive protection of the tree - from rot and mold, wood-boring insects, moisture and ultraviolet radiation. That is, from everything that destroys the material when it is installed outside the house.

The price depends on the characteristics of the oil impregnation (colorless or with a dye) and starts from 2,590 rubles per 0.75 liter package. Domestic counterparts are much cheaper - from 690 rubles / liter. Although this does not mean a priori that they are much worse. Do not forget that the final price of any product initially includes transport costs and the margin of intermediaries.

You need to be careful with mineral oils. In some respects, they are superior to natural products. For example, they are practically not washed off. But experts warn - on the market there are often low-grade drugs made on the basis of mining. How the wood will look after their application is clear without explanation. It's one thing if you plan to process a post (support), and another thing is a wooden fence or house cladding.

Quality wood is usually used for timber structures. Therefore, to improve its quality and protect it from various factors, various impregnations are used.

Basics of woodworking

During manufacturing, wood is treated with special substances to extend its service life and prevent the problem of rotting, cracking and fungus. All these actions are referred to the primary phase of wood processing. The second assumes the surface with a special varnish or oil.

Oil differs from varnish in penetration depth. When applied, varnishes create a kind of protective film that wears off over time. The oil is able to penetrate deeply into the structure of the product, thoroughly impregnating all wood fibers or other wood components. Also, a significant advantage of the oil is its ability to change the color of the wood, creating unique shades.

Today on the market there is a huge selection of oils of different brands and compositions. But all of them can be conditionally divided into 2 large groups, which we will consider in more detail below.

Mineral oils

Mineral oil for wood got its distribution decades ago. With the development of science and technology, new technologies have been created that make it possible to produce artificial materials with specified characteristics. Like any other material, a wooden board needs additional processing. Half a century ago it was popular. Of course, it was not intended for such purposes, but the effect of such treatment proved something completely different, which made it possible to bring mineral oil for wood to the wide market.

When using wooden products, it was possible to preserve their original appearance and eliminate decay processes. Mineral oil for wood often raises a question regarding production technology. It is very important to observe the environmental factor in this matter. This is why many manufacturers prefer to combine mineral oil with natural oil.

Natural oils

This type of impregnation was used hundreds of years ago. With the introduction of innovative technologies, artificial petroleum products have become more popular. It took a while for a person to realize the benefits of natural oil in the treatment of wooden surfaces. Also, the determining factor was the high cost of the product, which was gradually solved by borrowing modern production technologies.

The main advantages of natural oil are its vegetable origin. The absence of harmful impurities and additives makes its use safe for human health. The most popular are linseed and wood oils. The latter is cheaper, but loses to the first in terms of quality characteristics.

For wood processing it is considered the best. Also, sunflower seeds are widely used and it should be noted that of all types, sunflower dries faster than others. But we should not forget that, against the general background, mineral oil for wood dries many times faster, but with natural oil you will have to tinker. To somehow solve this problem, chemical components are added to the composition of olive, hemp or sunflower oil, which accelerate the drying process.

Application features

Working with oil is quite simple and does not require any special skills. You will need a wide brush, cloth napkins, and sandpaper. The choice of a particular fixture depends on the method: rubbing in or soaking.

The first is the most popular. It is applicable in cases where it is necessary to cover a large surface. The wooden board is covered with oil with a brush. For the best effect, it is recommended to gradually rub in the solution with napkins or sandpaper. The procedure is repeated several times, alternating the application and waiting for each of the layers to dry completely.

The second method is more suitable for small details. They are immersed in a special container filled with oil and soaked for several days. After that, the part must be well sanded.

Oil impregnation is quite easy to use, but indispensable for finishing work. It will help preserve the life of the wooden structure. The main thing is to take into account all the features. Mineral wood processing oil may contain toxic substances, but the drying time is minimal. And environmentally friendly, but it will take more than one hour of drying.

An important role in a person's everyday life is played by such material as wood. Many people strive, if possible, to have or to make wooden furniture with their own hands, since it has a presentable appearance and is environmentally friendly. But, at the same time, wood is a rather capricious material, since it is very easy, without pretreatment and protection, to be affected by moisture and decay. For good and quality protection, wood coating oil can be used.

There are several types of compositions for these purposes. Protective oil can be purchased at hardware stores or you can make your own wood impregnation.

Many, especially novice craftsmen, ignore the process of wood preservation. But this approach entails many problems. It is no secret that wood absorbs moisture quite well. It is because of this property that undesirable consequences appear. Wooden products can dry out, crack, start to rot, and so on.

After a lot of efforts have been made to make a piece of furniture, in the end you don't want to get such a result. Therefore, in order to avoid damage to the product, you need to take time to protect it.

Oil and wax are often used for impregnating wood surfaces. They are able to reliably withstand such negative factors as moisture, mold, fungus, rot and all kinds of insects. Along with this, they are able to increase the degree of strength and increase the service life of the product.

Oil use

The list of oils with which wooden surfaces are processed includes the following types:

tung;
teak;
tar;
linen.

Wood processing oil has the following properties:

antiseptic;
the ability to penetrate deeply into the structure of the material;
make wood more elastic;
protect the tree from drying out;
leaves the pores of the wood free, which allows the material to breathe and regulate the degree of moisture;
it is not harmful to human health, it is environmentally friendly.

Advice! Experts do not recommend impregnation with sunflower oil, although in desperate situations this is also an option. The fact is that sunflower contains quite a few polyunsaturated fatty acids. This also applies to olive oil.

With wax

The use of wax is a time-tested method that was used by great-grandfathers to protect the tree. It protects it very well from moisture. The wax easily penetrates into the pores of the wood, and also gives the surface a matte shade. But waxing has only one drawback. Due to the fact that the pores are filled, the process of "breathing" of wood is completely absent.

Important! You should heed the advice of the masters, who say that it is better to work not with pure wax, but add a certain amount of vegetable oil, for example, linseed oil, to it. Also, other ingredients, such as turpentine, will not interfere.

In the video: how to prepare a composition from wax and linseed oil.

Features of oiling

The best option for protecting wood products is wood processing oil. It has many positive characteristics:

ecological qualities;
the appearance of impregnated products;
giving the product a matte sheen and velvety to the touch;
ease of work;
low price of the composition;
the possibility of restoring the damaged surface.

It should be noted that there are also disadvantages of these protection means:

they are very moody in their care, since finishing should be done every 4 months, followed by high-quality polishing of the surface;
oily stains are clearly visible on the treated surfaces, which can be removed with repeated processing.

Benefits of using flaxseed oil

Impregnation of wood with linseed oil gives it an original look, completely restoring the structure. Provides long-term operation of the product and reliable protection against moisture and dirt. You can also achieve the desired shade by adding the desired dye to the composition.

Linseed oils for wood are able to protect wood from rotting, fungal attack and mold, allowing it to completely preserve its texture and relief pattern. One of the important factors is the ability to preserve the ability of the tree to breathe, while providing the surface with reliable protection from the effects of water, increasing resistance to drying, peeling, discoloration and cracking.

The construction industry provides a wide range of compounds that can provide protection to wood products, but most of them are not natural and can negatively affect the health of the consumer. Linseed oil is absolutely safe, an environmentally friendly material, and has the strongest waterproofing characteristics.

Linseed oil for wood impregnation has additional benefits:

the ability to ensure reliable closure of the pores of the material;
the presence of a high degree of water-repellent characteristics;
giving the product originality and preserving its natural shade;
polymerization of the composition under the influence of some external factors, which significantly increases the degree of all its inherent qualities.

Stages of wood impregnation

Linseed oils for wood processing are used in two ways, it all depends on personal preferences and the size of the surfaces to be treated:

Soaking is only suitable for small items (decorative figurines, dishes, etc.);
Oiling (rubbing).

How to treat wood with linseed oil impregnation will be prompted by the following steps.

Preparatory stage

Before you start covering the wood at home, you must first carefully prepare the surface to be treated. If this is a just made product, then the surface is simply sanded with high quality using fine sandpaper. It is a little more difficult to impregnate wooden products with a large area, for example, the facade of a house or surfaces already previously opened with something.

Algorithm for preparatory work:

Get rid of the old coating, that is, varnish or paint. There are several ways you can use it. Try to remove old paint with a spatula and metal brush. If it does not give in, then you need to use a construction hairdryer.
Sanding the surface. For this process, sandpaper with varying degrees of abrasive coating is used. You should start with a larger one, gradually reaching the smallest one. The surface is ready if, by running your hand over it, we do not feel any irregularities.
Remove dust with a soft brush and cloth. A guarantee of high-quality oiling with linseed oil for wood, a well-cleaned surface from dust.

Oiling process

Oiling the prepared wood can be done using the coating method. Oil is applied either with an ordinary soft rag or with a brush that has a natural bristle. Although painting with a brush is only suitable for small areas. As for the facade of the house, ceilings and other things, it is only necessary to apply oil to the wood with a rag.

Linseed oil for wood is applied according to the following algorithm:

Stir the composition first and pour the required amount into a clean dish.
Moisten a cloth and treat the surface with it. It is necessary to apply the composition along the grain of the wood.
After treating the wood with linseed oil, it is necessary to let the surface dry for about 20 minutes, then remove the excess with a clean cloth.
The impregnated product with wood coating oil is left to dry for a while, and then the wood is re-coated with linseed oils.

Soaking process

Soaking wood, as mentioned above, is only suitable for small products. The process of soaking wood with oil itself is quite simple: oil is poured into a clean container, and then a prepared product, cleaned of dust, is placed there. You can keep it as long as you like.

After the product has been soaked for some time, it is removed and placed on the paper in a tilted state. This will allow excess linseed oil to drain off. When we got rid of the excess, polish the surface with a clean and soft cloth. Next, we leave the product to dry.

If pure linseed oil was used, drying will take three weeks. To speed up drying, use a white oil with wax.

The technology of oiling wood with linseed oil is quite simple, but it will reliably protect it from the effects of negative factors. And, if you compare it with various kinds of industrial compounds, then you can cover the tree with oils without harm to human health. The processing of wood products is a process that should not be neglected.

Features and rules for applying oil (2 videos)

Impregnation for wood flooring (38 photos)

Oil treatment of wood is a traditional way of maintaining wood surfaces. Oil compositions ensure the safety of the material for many years of operation, impart hydrophobic properties to the surface and protect against the development of all kinds of unfavorable processes. However, oil treatment is not as simple an operation as it seems at first glance. Applying oil products to wood has its own characteristics, without knowing which, you can get a completely opposite result and ruin the coating. In this review, we will focus on how to apply oil to wood, what subtleties and nuances exist in this work.

The most common oils used for wood processing are:

tung;
teak;
tar;
linseed.

Each of the oils presented has its own characteristics; a brief overview of all the products is given in the article. Here we will focus on the criteria for choosing an oil, and also consider the best way to cover a tree in a particular case.

The most popular of these products is flaxseed oil. It is versatile and can be used both outside and inside the house. Linen impregnation is excellent for wet rooms, because has good hydrophobic properties. The oil dries long enough, up to three weeks, to speed up the process, wax is added to it. At low temperatures, the oil becomes hard, which complicates the processing of external surfaces.
Tar oil is ideal for treating the facades of log and log houses. It perfectly withstands any weather conditions and is resistant to subzero temperatures. In addition, it is one of the best natural antiseptics and protects external surfaces from decay. It is undesirable to use tar impregnation indoors, since it contains turpentine.
Teak oil is suitable for impregnating any surface, it provides effective protection against moisture, UV radiation and other adverse factors. This product is also used for coating expensive wood species.
Tung oil is intended for the treatment of internal surfaces. It differs from other types of oils in its faster drying speed. The oil creates a durable film that has a high water-repellent effect. It is very often used for the restoration of antiques.

All of the above oils are natural products, their use does not cause any adverse effects on humans. Today, mineral oil is often used for surface treatment, which is based on petroleum products.

Manufacturers assure that synthetics are safe and can be used for indoor treatment. However, this is not the case, synthetic additives are released into the atmosphere and are harmful to health. Therefore, the use of artificial oils is permissible only outside, and only if the product has been deeply cleaned.

Oil selection according to wood species

When choosing a specific oil, you should always consider the tree species. To determine what the oiled surface will look like, it is necessary to test a short distance.

Conifers contain resins that prevent oil from penetrating into the structure, so they do not need oil impregnation. To protect the surface, if absolutely necessary, you can use thick compounds in one layer or treat wood of this species by waxing.
For low density wood, alder and linden, it is also better to use thick saturated impregnations. The use of fluid compositions is undesirable, since with deep penetration, they remain inside in a liquid state.
Beech and birch are characterized by high density, and therefore, they are first treated with liquid formulations, and then with thicker ones, which have a high degree of solids, and wax.

How can oil be diluted

To improve one or another characteristic of the oil, various components are added to it. For example, to increase the absorbency of tung oil, it is diluted 40% with white spirit.

To increase the drying rate of flaxseed oil, it is mixed with turpentine in a proportion (70:30), and then heated. However, it must be borne in mind that turpentine is toxic and has a pungent odor, so this composition can only be used for external treatment. Tar is less toxic and can also be added to the oil to speed up the drying process.

To impregnate wooden surfaces inside the house, wax is added to the oil. It improves the water-repellent and antistatic properties of the surface and accelerates the curing process of the oil composition.

If you want to change the color of the wood or get a more saturated shade, you can tint the oil with pigments. Tinting allows you to refine the look of a wooden house by painting it in the natural tones of more valuable wood species.

If you want to give the house a color that is unnatural for wood (red, green, blue), add oil paints or casein-oil tempera to the impregnation. You can also dilute the oil with gouache, but in this case, mixing must be done hot to remove excess liquid from the paint.

Oil application technologies

There are three ways to paint wood with oil:

Vacuum impregnation. This technique is commonly used in an industrial setting. Such processing requires special equipment, so it is impossible to independently cover the surface using this technology.
Soaking. The method consists in placing the tree in heated oil, holding it for a certain time, and then drying it. Only small wooden items can be painted this way.
Interlayer smearing. This technology is the most widespread. It is used for treating wooden surfaces of various sizes. This method is discussed in detail below.

Preparatory work

Correctly preparing the surface is 80% of the success in this work. The oil is very strongly absorbed and it is impossible to hide defects under it. Any scuffs, scratches, irregularities after applying the oil will remain noticeable. Therefore, the main task here is to bring the surface to an ideal state.

It is quite difficult to do this manually, it is advisable to use professional equipment for this - grinders, polishing pads. If there are no special devices, work can be done with your own hands, but of course, the appearance of the surface will be far from ideal.

So what needs to be done:

If an old log house is to be treated with oil, first of all, we remove the old coating. Remove paint or varnish with a wire brush. This must be done very carefully so as not to damage the wood itself. If it is not possible to clean the coating in this way, you can heat it up with a construction hairdryer, when the paint is bubbling, it can be removed with a spatula.
Then you need to carefully sand the wood. Professionals perform this operation using a grinder with wheels of different grain sizes, which are selected based on the condition of the surface. For rough cleaning use nozzles No. 40-80, for medium - No. 100-120, for polishing - No. 150-180. If there are no machines, you can sand by hand with sandpaper of different fractions.
All cracks and cracks must be repaired before finishing polishing. It is necessary to putty with a putty in the color of the wood so that the patches remain invisible after applying the oil.
After completing the preparatory work, all dust must be removed with a construction vacuum cleaner. Remaining dust will also be visible after applying the oil, so do this work as carefully as possible.

Oil application instructions

Internal surface treatment

The oil can be applied cold and hot. Application rules are the same for both options. The difference is in the temperature of the oil impregnation. In the first case, oil is used at room temperature, in the second - before use, the composition is heated to a temperature of 80 degrees. It is also necessary to warm up the surface itself with a special thermal pad, since it will not work to soak a cold tree with hot oil, the product will not be able to be absorbed and will remain on the surface.

Regardless of the chosen method, you need to paint the tree with oil in stages:

First, the first impregnation layer is applied. The oil is applied with a brush or cotton cloth in a thin layer and spread evenly over the surface.
You need to remove excess oil immediately, if this is not done, the impregnation will dry out and form a crust, which will then be very difficult to remove. To remove excess oil, wipe the area with a dry cloth. It is necessary to rub the impregnation until the rag collects the oil. If the oil is not absorbed and lies on the surface of the floor, you can take a rubber spatula and scoop the excess into puddles, and then collect with a rag.
Then the surface is polished with a soft cloth. After that, all wet areas are wiped dry with a cotton rag.
With the cold method of processing, the application of the second layer begins no earlier than 5 hours, in some cases it is necessary to wait up to 12 hours. It depends on the type of oil. The second hot oil treatment can be done after 2-2.5 hours, because it dries much faster.
Re-processing is carried out similarly to the first, each layer must be sanded. The number of coats depends on the condition of the surface, the type of wood and the type of oil. Usually 2-3 layers are enough.

It takes two to three weeks to completely dry the surface, the exact time depends on the combination of the above factors.

Processing the house outside

Applying oil to the facade of a house made of timber and logs should be done in warm sunny weather. It is advisable to prime the surface before this. Take flaxseed oil as an example. If the treatment is carried out with flax oil, it must first be cleaned of impurities, since under the influence of solar radiation, the linen impregnation turns yellow.