Photo relay diagram and connection rules. Photo relay diagram and connection rules Photo relay for street lighting
We are pleased to inform you that the Meander electrical company has begun mass production of the FR-2M photorelay. A distinctive feature of these relays is the inclusion of the load at zero mains voltage (at the moment the sinusoid passes through zero - zero crossing). Thus, the product can work with luminaires that have high inrush currents when turned on. And a decrease in starting currents when turned on will allow the use of circuit breakers of a smaller rating. There is also the possibility of remote control using a remote button.
In addition, the FR-2M photorelay has a "smart off" mode. In this mode, the user can set the time for the lighting to be on. An equally important feature of these photo relays is its dimensions. These relays are manufactured in a housing that is only 13 millimeters wide.
Photorelay FR-2M is designed to automatically turn on and off the lighting. However, its possibilities are not limited to this. You can also control the automatic irrigation system. Using this mode, you can turn on the pumps and turn them off after a specified time without human intervention. It is possible to adjust the illumination threshold. When a command is received via the control channel, the relay will “remember” the level of illumination at the moment and in the future, all switching on will occur precisely at such illumination.
Technical characteristics of photorelay FR-2M
Supply voltage, V: FR-2M DC24V: DC24 ± 10%; FR-2M AC230V: AC230 ± 10%
Power consumption, no more than VA: 2
Illumination level - adjustable by teaching method, lx: 0.1-500
Turn-on delay duration: 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 1min, 3min, 5min, 10min
Duration of the built-in timer shutdown delay, h: ∞, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 7
Maximum switching voltage, V: 400 (AC1/5А)
Maximum switching current AC250V 50Hz (AC1)/DC30V (DC1), A: 16
Number and type of contacts: 1 changeover group
Degree of relay protection (by housing/by terminals/by sensor): IP40/IP20/IP65
Operating temperature range, °C: -25...+55 (UHL4), -40...+55 (UHL2)
Working hours: round the clock
External photo sensor type (supplied separately) FD-3-1
Photo sensor operating temperature, °C: -40...+60
Wire length to external photo sensor, m: up to 30
Connected wire cross section, mm²: 0.75
1. General instructions.
1.1. The electronic photorelay is designed to work in conjunction with outdoor lighting fixtures, which is connected in series to the fixture power circuit. FR-2 provides turning on and off the load depending on the level of natural light.
1.2. The work of FR-2 is carried out at various levels of natural light:
- when the level is less than 1 lux (+/- 0.5 lux), the lamp lamp is turned on,
- at a level of 4 lux (+/- 0.5 lux) - off.
If after turning on the lighting there is a slight illumination of the photo sensor, the photo relay compensates for it independently. The load is turned off when the level of natural light of the sensor is greater than the level of artificial light.
1.3. To protect against short-term extraneous illumination, the luminaires are turned off when the illumination level exceeds the specified level for more than 5 minutes.
1.4. When buying a product with FR-2, require a check of its performance.
2. The device of the photorelay FR-2.
2.1. Structurally, the electronic photorelay is mounted on a textolite printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is installed inside the plastic housing in compliance with electrical safety requirements. The load and power supply voltage of the electronic board are connected through connecting blocks.
3. Technical data of photorelay FR-2
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| 3.1. | Rated voltage | IN | 220 |
| 3.2. | Rated frequency | Hz | 50 |
| 3.3. | Maximum load current | A | 8 |
| 3.4. | Load voltage | IN | 220 |
| 3.5. | Power consumed by the regulator from the network, no more | Tue | 3,5 |
| 3.6. | Light level (when turned on) | OK | 1 (+/-0,5) |
| 3.7. | Light level (when off) | OK | 4 (+/-0,5) |
| 3.8. | Overall dimensions, no more | mm | 90x78x41 |
| 3.9. | Weight, no more | Kg | 0,15 |
| 3.10. | Permissible mains voltage fluctuations | % | +/- 10 |
| 3.11. | Ambient temperature | °C | -40..+60 |
4. Completeness
.
4.1. The scope of delivery of the electronic photocell includes
- photorelay FR2 with remote photocell, wire length 1 m - 1 piece,
- instruction manual - 1 piece.
5. Safety requirements
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5.1. Disconnecting the luminaire from FR-2, replacing the lamp in the luminaire, replacing the fuse, reconfiguring the board only after disconnecting the photorelay from the mains.
5.2. In order to avoid the failure of FR2, it is forbidden to use self-made fuses in the electronic board and connect the load with a consumption current exceeding the rated current of the photorelay.
6. Preparation of photorelay FR-2 for operation and operation procedure
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6.1. Install the photorelay FR-2 so that the photocell, if possible, does not fall into the zone of artificial lighting of the lamp. To plug:
- power wires of the electronic board through the block "Network ~ 220 V."
- power supply of the load through the "Load" block.
7. Photo relay setting
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7.1. You can change the daylight level setting at which the light switch turns on the light. For manual adjustment, a tuning resistor R6 is used (“Manual setting of the moment when the photorelay is turned on”). If you turn the resistor clockwise, the photo relay will turn on with more natural light, and if counterclockwise, with less. For automatic adjustment: at the moment when the natural light corresponds to the selected level, press the button and hold it until the indicator blinks to a constant light and then to a double blink (after about 8 ... 12 seconds), then release the button. The photorelay will turn on at the newly set light level.
7.2. If it is necessary to return to the factory settings, it is necessary to set the trimmer resistor R6 (“Manual setting of the moment when the photorelay is turned on”) to the middle position (the direction of the arrow is as in the figure). Next, press the button and hold it until the indicator blinks to a constant light, then to a double blink, and until the indicator goes out completely (after about 12 seconds), then release the button.
7.3. If it is necessary to check the serviceability of incandescent lamps in lamps, it is necessary to press the programming button for about 4 ... 8 seconds, waiting for the indicator to be completely lit, and release the button. To turn off the lamps, briefly (from 0 to 4 seconds) press the button.
7.4. After replacing the photocell, it is necessary to set the FR-2 to turn on at a given illumination level of 1 lux, while the illumination level is automatically set to 4 lux when it is turned off. To adjust, it is necessary to set the trimming resistor R6 (“Manual setting of the moment when the photorelay is turned on”) to the middle position (the direction of the arrow is as in the figure). Turn the tuning resistor R2 (“Calibration of the new photo sensor”) to the left until it stops, apply power to the photo relay, and slowly rotate the resistor R2 clockwise at a light level of 1 lx (control the light level with a Yu-116 light meter with a F55S photocell or similar) to turn on the relay. At the moment the relay clicks, stop the rotation of the resistor R2 - the photo relay is set.
7.5. To replace the fuse, it is necessary to disconnect the FR-2 from the mains, remove the board, replace the fuse with a good one.
| Programming modes of the photo relay using the multi-function button | Button hold time | Indicator status |
| Photo relay restart | 0 to 4 sec | The indicator flashes |
| Lamp test mode | 4 to 8 sec | The indicator is on |
| Programming a new light level to turn on the photo relay | 8 to 12 sec | Double blinking indicator |
| Returning the factory settings of the light level to turn on the photocell | Over 12 sec | The indicator is off |
8. Storage rules
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8.1. The electronic photorelay must be stored in a dry, heated room in the absence of acidic, alkaline and other aggressive impurities in the air at a temperature of 5 to 40 ° C and a relative humidity of no more than 80%.
9. Warranty
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9.1. The warranty period for the electronic photorelay FR2 is 12 months from the date of purchase, or 18 months from the date of issue.
9.2. The manufacturer undertakes to carry out free-of-charge repairs during the warranty period, provided that the consumer complies with the operating requirements set forth in this manual.
9.3. Warranty repairs are not subject to photorelay FR-2 with mechanical damage.
9.4. Warranty and post-warranty repairs are carried out at:
620100, Yekaterinburg, st. Siberian Trakt, 9/11, Elpro LLC
The photorelay of industrial design type FR-2 is intended for use in automation devices where it is necessary to turn on / off the load depending on the illumination. It is installed in control cabinets, for example, street lighting control, with the connection of an external photo sensor of the FSK-G1 type. The appearance of the photorelay FR-2 is shown in Figure 1.
Technical data
- The photorelay FR-2 can be powered by a single-phase alternating voltage of 220 volts, a frequency of 50 hertz, and a constant ± 220 volts with a deviation of ± 10%.
- The photorelay FR-2 ensures that the load is switched on when the illumination falls below the set value and switched off when the illumination increases above the set threshold.
- Setting the response threshold in a wide range using the level control located inside the device case.
- The executive contacts of the FR-2 photorelay are designed to control starters or contactors, etc., with an operating voltage of 220 volts and a current of up to 2 amperes.
The principal photorelay FR-2 is shown in Figure 2.
The FR-2 photorelay circuit is made with a transformerless power supply from a single-phase AC network of 220 ± 10% volts. When connecting the device, it is important to observe the polarity of the neutral and phase wires, i.e. pin 5 is zero ("ground"), and pin 10 is live. Two transistors of the MP26B type are used in the photorelay circuit, and electromagnetic K1 serves as a switching element. A threshold element is made on the transistor VT1, the base circuit of which includes the FSK-G1 photoresistor and resistors R4, R5. Resistor R4 is trimmer, which sets the required switching threshold, depending on the illumination on the FSK-G1 photoresistor. A cascade is assembled on VT2, which is a transistor key.
Operates photorelay FR-2 as follows. At low illumination of the photoresistor, i.e. at night, the internal resistance of the FSK-G1 is high, and the bias voltage in the base of the transistor VT1 is not enough to open it, the transistor is closed. Transistor VT2 is also closed. K1 is under current, because. included in the circuit R3, R6, VD1, R7. Executive contacts K1 are closed.
With increasing illumination, the internal resistance of the photoresistor decreases and, when the opening threshold of the transistor VT1 is reached, causes the latter to open. By opening VT1, the transistor VT2 also opens, shunting the winding K1. Winding voltage
Photorelay type FR-7E is designed for automatic switching on and off according to the set illumination of street lighting or common areas, individual workplaces, etc., as well as for use as a component in industrial automation devices.
Decoding FR-7E. Marking.
FR-7EFR- photorelay;
7
- modification;
E- type of shell;
Technical characteristics of relay FR-7E
| Parameter | Meaning |
| Rated voltage, V | 220 |
| Permissible supply voltage fluctuations | -15…+10% |
| Rated power supply frequency, Hz | 50±1 |
| Power consumption, W, no more | 5 |
| Rated current, at cosj ? 0.5, A | 5 |
| Switched voltage, V | 220 AC / 24 DC |
| Mechanical durability | 1x10 6 VO cycles |
| Electrical durability | 5x10 5 VO cycles |
| Rated switching modes per one contact group (number of operation cycles, not less), at cosj ? 0.5, A | 0.1A, @ 12V (at least 5x105) 5A, = 30V (at least 9x104) 5A, ~ 220V (at least 9x104) |
| Permissible switching modes | 1000 closings up to 10A for up to 0.1s, breaking up to 5A, 245V~ or 30V= up to 0.1Hz |
| Illumination range at which the photorelay is triggered, lx * | 10…50 |
| Delay from short-term dimming (lighting), s | 15 |
| Protection | IP 40 from front panel |
| Photo sensor cable length, m | 1.5 |
| Overall dimensions, mm, no more | 45x70x100 |
| Weight, kg, no more | 0.3 |
| *A range is set by prior order | 5…10 lx |
The photorelay is housed in a plastic case. The housing consists of a base with contact clamps and a cover. The product diagram is assembled on a printed circuit board. The photorelay threshold adjustment resistor is mounted on the front panel.
The phase of the 220V network is connected to terminal 1, zero is connected to terminal 2.
The photo sensor is connected to terminals 3, 4, and the screen of the photo sensor (white output) is connected to terminal 4.
When the power is turned on, if the illumination of the sensor is higher than the set threshold, the LED on the front panel of the relay lights up. When the sensor illumination falls below the set threshold, the output relay is activated and the LED goes out.
To install a cable with a photo sensor when using a special cartridge, you must:
- Unscrew the cap (pos. No. 1).
- Put the gland body on the cable (pos. No. 3), so that the photoresistor body (pos. No. 2) is fixed in the collet petals. Then screw the cap back on.
- Prepare a hole with a diameter of 16mm; pass the cable through the hole from the side of the leads; put the fixing nut (pos. No. 4) on the cable and tighten it on the cable gland housing.
Series
Automation of the supply of lighting in an apartment, in a house or on the street is achieved through the use of a photorelay. When properly configured, it will turn on the light when it gets dark and turn it off during daylight hours. Modern devices contain a setting by which you can set the response depending on the illumination. They are an integral part of the "smart home" system, which takes on a significant part of the responsibilities of the owners. The photo relay circuit, first of all, contains a resistor that changes resistance under the action of light. It is easy to assemble and customize with your own hands.
Operating principle
The photorelay connection diagram for includes a sensor, an amplifier and a PR1 photoconductor changes resistance under the action of light. This changes the amount of electric current passing through it. The signal is amplified by the composite transistor VT1, VT2 (Darlington circuit), and from it it goes to the actuator, which is K1.
In the dark, the resistance of the photosensor is several mΩ. Under the action of light, it is reduced to a few kOhm. At the same time, transistors VT1, VT2 open, turning on relay K1, which controls the load circuit through contact K1.1. Diode VD1 does not pass the self-induction current when the relay is turned off.
Despite its simplicity, the photorelay circuit is highly sensitive. To set it to the required level, a resistor R1 is used.
The supply voltage is selected according to the parameters of the relay and is 5-15 V. The winding current does not exceed 50 mA. If you need to increase it, you can use more powerful transistors and relays. The sensitivity of the photorelay increases with increasing supply voltage.
Instead of a photoresistor, you can install a photodiode. If a sensor with increased sensitivity is needed, circuits with phototransistors are used. Their use is advisable in order to save electricity, since the minimum limit of operation of a conventional device is 5 lux, when the surrounding objects are still distinguishable. The threshold of 2 lux corresponds to deep twilight, after which darkness sets in 10 minutes later.
It is advisable to use a photorelay even with manual lighting control, since you can forget to turn off the light, and the sensor will "take care" of this on its own. It is easy to install and the price is quite affordable.
Photocell characteristics
The choice of photorelay is determined by the following factors:
- photocell sensitivity;
- supply voltage;
- switched power;
- external environment.
Sensitivity is characterized as the ratio of the generated photocurrent to the magnitude of the external light flux and is measured in µA/lm. It depends on the frequency (spectral) and light intensity (integral). To control lighting in everyday life, the last characteristic is important, depending on the total luminous flux.
The rated voltage can be found on the device case or in the accompanying document. Foreign-made devices may have other supply voltage standards.
The load on its contacts depends on the power of the lamps to which the photorelay is connected. Lighting photorelay circuits can provide for direct switching on of lamps through sensor contacts or through starters when the load is high.
In the open air, the twilight switch is placed under a sealed transparent cover. It is protected from moisture and precipitation. When working in the cold season, heating is used.
Factory Models
Previously, the photo relay circuit was assembled by hand. Now this is not necessary, as the devices have become cheaper, and the functionality has expanded. They are used not only for external or internal lighting, but also for controlling the irrigation of plants, the ventilation system, etc.
1. Photorelay FR-2
Prefabricated models are widely used in automation devices, for example, to control street lighting. You can often see burning lanterns during the day that you forgot to turn off. With photo sensors there is no need for manual lighting control.
The photorelay circuit fr-2 of industrial production is used for automatic control of street lighting. Here is also the relay K1. A photoresistor FSK-G1 with resistors R4 and R5 is connected to the base of the transistor VT1.
Power is supplied from a single-phase 220 V network. When the illumination is low, the resistance of the FSK-G1 is large and the signal based on VT1 is not enough to open it. Accordingly, the transistor VT2 is also closed. Relay K1 is energized and its working contacts are closed, keeping the lights on.
When the illumination increases to the threshold, the resistance of the photoresistor decreases and opens, after which relay K1 turns off, opening the lamp supply circuit.
2. Types of photorelay
The choice of models is large enough so that you can choose the right one:
- with a remote sensor located outside the body of the product, to which 2 wires are connected;
- suite 2 - a device with high reliability and quality level;
- photorelay with power supply 12 V and load not higher;
- DIN-rail mounted timer module;
- IEC devices of a domestic manufacturer with high quality and functionality;
- AZ 112 - automatic with high sensitivity;
- ABB, LPX are reliable manufacturers of European quality devices.
Ways to connect a photorelay
Before purchasing a sensor, it is necessary to calculate the power consumed by the lamps and take it with a margin of 20%. With a significant load, the street photo relay circuit provides for the additional installation of an electromagnetic starter, the winding of which must be switched on through the contacts of the photo relay, and the load should be switched with power contacts.
For the home, this method is rarely used.
Before installation, the mains voltage ~ 220 V is checked. The connection is made from an automatic switch. The photo sensor is installed in such a way that the light from the lantern does not fall on it.
The device uses terminals for connecting wires, which makes installation easier. If they are not available, a junction box is used.
Through the use of microprocessors, the photorelay connection circuit with other elements has acquired new functions. A timer and a motion sensor were added to the action algorithm.
It is convenient when the lights automatically turn on when a person passes through the landing or along the path of the garden. Moreover, the operation occurs only in the dark. Due to the use of a timer, the photorelay does not react to the headlights from passing cars.
The simplest connection scheme for a timer with a motion sensor is serial. For expensive models, special programmable circuits have been developed that take into account various operating conditions.
Photorelay for street lighting
To connect the photorelay, the circuit is applied to its body. It can be found in the device documentation.
Three wires come out of the device.
- Zero conductor - common for lamps and photorelay (red).
- Phase - connected to the input of the device (brown).
- Potential conductor for supplying voltage from a photorelay to lamps (blue).
The device works on the principle of interruption or phase switching. Color coding may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. If there is a ground conductor in the network, it is not connected to the device.
In models with a built-in sensor, which is located inside the transparent case, the operation of street lighting is autonomous. It only needs to be powered.
Options with the removal of the sensor are used when it is convenient to place the electronic filling of the photorelay in the control panel with other devices. Then there is no need for a stand-alone installation, pulling power wiring and maintenance at height. The electronic unit is placed inside the room, and the sensor is taken out.
Features of a photorelay for street lighting: diagram
When installing a photoelectric relay on the street, several factors must be taken into account.
- The presence of a supply voltage and the correspondence of the power of the contacts and the load.
- Do not install devices near flammable materials and in aggressive environments.
- The base of the device is located at the bottom.
- There must be no swaying objects in front of the sensor, such as tree branches.
Wiring is done through an outdoor junction box. It is fixed next to the photo relay.
Photocell selection
- The ability to adjust the response threshold allows you to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor depending on the time of year or in cloudy weather. As a result, electricity is saved.
- A minimum of labor is required when mounting a photo relay with a built-in sensing element. It does not require special skills.
- A relay with a timer is well programmed for its needs and operation in the set mode. You can set the appliance to turn off at night. The indication on the body of the device and push-button control make it easy to set up.
Conclusion
The use of a photorelay allows you to automatically control the period of switching on the lamps. Now there is no longer a need for the profession of a lamplighter. The photorelay circuit without human intervention in the evenings turns on the light on the streets and turns it off in the morning. Devices can control the lighting system, which increases its resource and makes operation easier.
Residual current device
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