Testing of external water supply snip. The procedure for washing and disinfecting pipelines and drinking water supply structures. Additional information about documents

Contracting organization_________________________________

Construction (reconstruction)_________________

(name and location,

_____________________________________________

ACT No._______ INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WATERPROOFING

“_____”_______________________ 20______

Commission consisting of:______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(positions, surnames, initials)

acting on the basis of ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

carried out inspection and intermediate/final acceptance of surface preparation, priming, application of ___________________________ layer

finished pasting/coating. (painted) waterproofing (cross out what is not necessary)_________

__________________________________________________________________________

(Name of design organization)

The commission was presented with:

1. Working drawings No. , developed

(Name and location of structures)

with the application of all deviations made during the construction process and agreed upon with the design organization.

2. Journal of work No.

The commission, having familiarized itself with the documents presented and checking the work performed in kind, established:

2. According to laboratory tests and passports of supplying factories, the quality and range of materials:__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(list which ones and indicate compliance with their requirements

__________________________________________________________________________

current GOSTs and SNiPs)

3. Work on the device__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(name of the completed structural element

__________________________________________________________________________

waterproofing)

were carried out at outside temperatures from °C to

under the following atmospheric conditions

under the protection of greenhouses / tents

4. Compliance with the working drawings of the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the waterproofing ____________________________________________________________

(according to geodetic check)

Based on the above, the commission decided:

1. Accept_______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(name of the inspected work and insulated

__________________________________________________________________________

designs)

2. Quality of work______________________________________________________________

3. Allow further work to be carried out on ______________________________

4. The service life of the waterproofing is guaranteed in accordance with the design.

1. Acceptance certificates for previous work on waterproofing __________

__________________________________________________________________________

(No. and name of acts)

2. Graphic data of the position of the completed waterproofing according to marks based on the results of leveling from _________________________________________________

Hydraulic tests are carried out in accordance with SNiP. After their completion, a report is drawn up indicating the operability of the system.

They are performed at different stages of communications operation. Test parameters are calculated for each system separately, depending on its type.

Contents of the article

Why and when to carry out hydraulic tests?

Hydraulic testing is a type of non-destructive testing that is carried out to check the strength and tightness of pipeline systems. All operating equipment is subjected to it at different stages of operation.

In general, three cases can be distinguished in which tests must be carried out without fail, regardless of the purpose of the pipeline:

after completion of the production process for the production of equipment or parts of the pipeline system;
after completion of pipeline installation work;
during operation of the equipment.

Hydraulic testing is an important procedure that confirms or refutes the reliability of the operating pressure system. This is necessary to prevent accidents on highways and preserve the health of citizens.

The procedure for hydraulic testing of pipelines in extreme conditions is being carried out. The pressure under which it passes is called the test pressure. It exceeds the usual operating pressure by 1.25-1.5 times.

Features of hydraulic tests

Test pressure is supplied to the pipeline system smoothly and slowly, so as not to provoke water hammer and accidents. The pressure value is determined not by eye, but by a special formula, but in practice, as a rule, it is 25% more than the working pressure.

The water supply force is controlled on pressure gauges and measurement channels. According to SNiP, jumps in indicators are allowed, since it is possible to quickly measure the temperature of the liquid in a pipeline vessel. When filling it, be sure to monitor the accumulation of gas in different parts of the system.

This possibility should be excluded at the initial stage.

After filling the pipeline, the so-called holding time begins - a period during which the equipment under test is under increased pressure. It is important to ensure that it is at the same level during exposure. After its completion, the pressure is minimized to operating condition.

No one should be near the pipeline while the test is being carried out.

Personnel operating it must wait in a safe place, as testing the system's functionality can be explosive. After the process is completed, the results obtained are assessed in accordance with SNiP. The pipeline is inspected for metal explosions and deformations.

Hydraulic test parameters

When checking the quality of a pipeline, it is necessary to determine the indicators of the following work parameters:

Pressure.
Temperatures.
Holding time.

The lower limit of the test pressure is calculated using the following formula: Ph = KhP. The upper limit should not exceed the sum of the total membrane and bending stresses, which will reach 1.7 [δ]Th. The formula is deciphered as follows:

P – design pressure, the parameters of which are provided by the manufacturer, or operating pressure if tests are carried out after installation;
[δ]Th – rated voltage that is allowed at test temperature Th;
[δ]T – permissible stress at design temperature T;
Kh is a conditional coefficient that takes different values for different objects. When checking pipelines, it is equal to 1.25.

The water temperature should not fall below 5˚C and not rise above 40˚C. The only exceptions are those cases when the temperature of the hydraulic component is indicated in the technical conditions of the object under study. Be that as it may, the air temperature during the test should not fall below the same 5˚C.

The holding time must be specified in the design documentation for the facility. It should not be less than 5 minutes. If exact parameters are not provided, then the holding time is calculated based on the thickness of the pipeline walls. For example, with a thickness of up to 50 mm, a pressure test lasts at least 10 minutes, with a thickness over 100 mm - at least 30 minutes.

Testing of fire hydrants and water supply lines

A hydrant is equipment responsible for quickly eliminating fire ignitions, so it must always be in working order. The main task of fire hydrants is to provide the optimal amount of water to fight a fire at its initial stage.

Pressure pipelines are checked in accordance with SNiP V III-3-81.

Pipes made of cast iron and asbestos are tested with a pipeline length of no more than 1 km at a time. Polyethylene water supply lines are checked in sections of 0.5 km. All other water supply systems are checked in sections of no more than 1 km. The holding time for metal water supply pipes must be at least 10 m, for polyethylene pipes - at least 30 m.

Heating system testing

Heating networks are checked immediately after their installation is completed. Heating systems are filled with water through the return pipeline, that is, from the bottom up.

With this method, liquid and air flow in the same direction, which, according to the laws of physics, promotes the removal of air masses from the system. Discharge occurs in one way: through outlet devices, a tank or heating system plungers.

If heating networks are filled too quickly, air pockets may occur due to the risers filling with water faster than the heating devices of the heating systems. pass under the lower value of the working pressure of 100 kiloPascal and the test pressure - 300 kiloPascal.

Heating networks are checked only when the boiler and expansion tank are disconnected.

Heating systems are not monitored in winter. If they have worked without breakdowns for up to about three months, then the acceptance of heating networks into operation can be carried out without hydraulic tests. When checking closed heating systems, control work must be carried out before the furrows are closed. If you plan to insulate heating networks, then do so before installing it.

According to SNiP, after testing heating systems, they are washed, and a coupling with a cross-section of 60 to 80 mm2 is mounted at their lowest point. Water drains through it. Flushing of heating networks carried out with cold water several times until it becomes transparent. Approval of heating systems occurs if within 5 minutes the test pressure in the pipeline does not change by more than 20 kiloPascal.

Hydraulic testing of heating and water supply systems (video)

Hydraulic testing of heating networks and water supply systems

After completion of hydraulic tests of heating systems in accordance with SNiP, a hydraulic test report of heating networks and water supply systems is drawn up, indicating the compliance of the pipeline parameters.

According to SNiP, its form contains the following information:

the title of the position of the head of the enterprise providing maintenance of heating networks;

his signature and initials, as well as the date of inspection;

information about the chairman of the commission, as well as its members;

information on the parameters of heating networks: length, name, etc.;

conclusions about the control, conclusion of the commission.

Adjustment of the characteristics of heating lines is carried out by SNiP 3.05.03-85. According to the specified SNiP it the rules apply to all highways, which transport water at temperatures up to 220˚C and steam at temperatures up to 440˚C.

To document the completion of hydraulic tests of the water supply system, a report is drawn up for the external water supply system in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85. According to SNiP, the act contains the following information:

name of the system;

name of the technical supervision organization;

data on the test pressure and test time;

pressure drop data;

presence or absence of signs of damage to the pipeline;

date of inspection;

commission withdrawal.

The report is certified by a representative of the supervisory organization.

To put the heating into operation, it is necessary to flush and pressure test the system. After completing this procedure, a certificate is filled out confirming that the installation of the heating network was done correctly. Employees authorized to perform this work are required to complete all relevant regulations.
SNiP crimping rules
The norms for pressure testing of the heating system are described in documents such as SNiP 41–01-2003, and also 3.05.01–85.
Air conditioning, ventilation and heating - SNiP 41-01-2003
Hydraulic checks of water heating systems can only be carried out at above-zero temperatures in the premises of the house. In addition they must withstand water pressure of at least 0.6 MPa without damaging the seal and destruction.
During the test, the pressure value should not exceed the limit for the heating devices, pipelines and fittings installed in the system.
Internal sanitary systems - 3.05.01–85
According to this SNiP rule, it is necessary to check water heat supply and heating systems when turned off expansion vessels and boilers by hydrostatic pressure, equal to 1.5 working, but not less than 0.2 MPa in the lower part of the system.
The heating network is considered to have passed the test if it holds the test pressure for 5 minutes and does not drop by more than 0.02 MPa. In addition, there should be no leaks in heating equipment, welds, fittings, threaded connections and pipes.
Conditions for performing crimping
Test work is carried out correctly if all necessary requirements have been met. For example, outside work cannot be carried out on the tested object, and the testing must be supervised by the shift supervisor.
Pressure testing is carried out only according to a program approved by the company’s chief engineer. It defines: procedure for employees and technological sequence of inspection. They also outline safety measures for ongoing and current work performed at adjacent facilities.
There should be no strangers during pressure testing of the heating system; there should be no turning on or off of testing devices; only employees taking part in the test remain on site.
When work is carried out in adjacent areas, it is imperative to provide reliable fencing and turn off the testing equipment.
Inspection of heating appliances and pipes is permitted only at operating pressure values. When the heating system is pressure tested, reports are filled out to confirm the tightness.
Crimping procedure
This method of checking the heating system involves performing hydraulic tests:
Heat exchangers;
Boilers;
Pipe

This makes it possible to identify leaks that indicate depressurization of the network.
Before testing the heating system with plugs, the heating system should be isolated from the water supply, visually assess the reliability of all connections, and also check the functionality and condition of the shut-off valves.
After this, the expansion tank and boiler are turned off to flush the radiators and pipelines from various deposits, debris and dust.

During the hydraulic test, the heating system is filled with water, but during air tests this is not done, but simply a compressor is connected to the drain valve. Then the pressure is increased to the required value, and its indicators are monitored with a pressure gauge. If there are no changes, then the tightness is good, therefore the system can be put into operation.
When the pressure begins to decrease beyond the permissible value, this means there are defects. Leaks in a filled system are not difficult to find. But in order to identify damage during an air test, a soap solution should be applied to all joints and joints.
Air pressure testing takes at least 20 hours, and hydraulic testing takes 1 hour.
Having corrected the identified defects, the procedure is repeated again, and this has to be done until good tightness achieved. After carrying out this work, pressurization certificates for heating systems are filled out.
Checking the heating network with air is usually carried out if it is impossible to fill it with water, or when working in low temperature conditions, because the liquid can simply freeze.
Heating system pressure test certificate
This document displays the following information:
What type of crimping method was used?
The project in accordance with which the circuit was installed;
The date of the inspection, the address where it was carried out, as well as the names of the citizens who sign the act. This is mainly the owner of the house, representatives of the repair and maintenance organization and heating networks;
How the identified faults were eliminated;
Test results;
Are there any signs of leakage or reliability of threaded and welded connections? In addition, it is indicated whether there are drops on the surface of the fittings and pipes.

Permissible test pressure when testing water heating
Many developers are interested in what pressure should be used to check the heating system. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP presented above, when crimping, a pressure 1.5 times higher than the working pressure is allowed, but should not be less than 0.6 MPa.
There is another figure indicated in the “Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants.” Of course, this method is “softer”; its pressure exceeds the working pressure by 1.25 times.
In private houses equipped with autonomous heating, it does not rise above 2 atmospheres, and it is adjusted artificially: if there is excess pressure, then the relief valve immediately turns on. Whereas in public and multi-apartment buildings the working pressure is much higher than these values: five-story buildings are about 3-6 atmospheres, and tall buildings are about 7-10.
Heating system testing equipment
Most often, a pressure tester is used to perform a hydraulic test. It is connected to the circuit to regulate the pressure in the pipes.
A huge number of local heating networks in private buildings do not require high pressure, so a manual crimper will suffice. In other cases, it is better to use an electric pump.
Hand-held devices for testing heating systems develop a force of up to 60 bar or more. Moreover, this is enough to check the integrity of the system even in a five-story building.
The main advantages of hand pumps:
Reasonable cost, which makes them accessible to many consumers;
Light weight and dimensions of hand presses. Such devices are convenient to use not only for personal purposes, but also for professional use;
Long service life without failures or breakdowns. The device is so simply designed that there is nothing to break in it;
Suitable for medium and small heating equipment.

Branched and large circuits on large areas, multi-story buildings and production facilities are checked only with electrical instruments. They capable of pumping water under very high pressure, which is unattainable for manual devices. They are equipped with a self-priming pump.
Electric pumps develop a force of up to 500 bar. These units are usually built into the main line or connected to any opening. Basically, the hose is connected to a tap through which the pipe is filled with coolant.
Performing heating pressure testing is a very complex technological procedure. That’s why you shouldn’t do it yourself; it’s better to use the services of professional teams.

Pipeline depressurization is an extremely undesirable phenomenon that can lead to very serious consequences.

To minimize the risk of such incidents, it is necessary to ensure that the system is sufficiently reliable before putting it into operation.

A special procedure will help you do this - pressure testing of the pipeline.

1 Pressure testing with air and water - what is it?

2 When is crimping necessary?

3 Preparatory measures for crimping

4 Crimping machines, pumps for crimping pipes

5 How is this done?

6 SNiP

7 Safety measures when crimping pipelines

8 Cost

9 Videos on the topic

Pressure testing with air and water - what is it?

The essence of pressure testing is to fill a certain system with a closed volume - a pipeline, container, machine or mechanism - or its isolated section with a medium whose pressure is 2 - 3 times higher than the working one and almost corresponds to the maximum permissible value (the value of the test pressure for each specific case is set by the appropriate norms).

If the object passes this test, it is considered suitable for use.

Otherwise, places where the system has leaked are identified and repaired.

To create the required pressure, either a special pump for pressure testing pipelines, the so-called pressure tester, or a standard one, for example, a circulation pump in a centralized heating system, is used.

Water is usually used as a working medium, but if for one reason or another its penetration outside the tested system is unacceptable, pressure testing is carried out with air. In this case, leak locations are more difficult to detect.

Pressure testing is a fairly serious undertaking and must be carried out by a specially trained, certified employee. For municipal and industrial enterprises this rule is mandatory.

Upon completion of the procedure, a Certificate of hydropneumatic testing of the system (pressure testing of the pipeline) is signed, indicating the date, pressure value, holding time and other information.

As for private housing, the decision here is in the hands of the homeowner. Many people undertake crimping on their own, but it is still better to entrust this work to a professional.

When is crimping necessary?

Pressure testing is performed in the following cases:

Before putting the system into operation for the first time.

After repairing the pipeline or replacing any of its components.

After a long period of inactivity (a typical example is heating pressure testing after the summer season).

If a scheduled check of the system status is provided. For example, sewerage from polymer pipelines is subjected to periodic pressure testing in order to check their integrity.

Also, pressure testing should be carried out after flushing the pipeline, especially if aggressive chemicals that can weaken the walls of pipes and fittings were used. The same applies to sewer cleaning, since during this operation the joints of the pipelines may be damaged.

There is a special type of pressure testing that is applied to water wells. This check allows you to determine whether the perched water is getting into the wellbore from where water is drawn.

Preparatory measures for crimping

Before starting crimping work, you must perform the following steps:

The pipeline system under test is inspected for obvious defects (missing elements, rusted areas, etc.). Identified violations are eliminated. If the system is filled with any substance that cannot be used for testing, for example, coolant in a heating system, it must be emptied.

Next, according to the rules, the pipeline is flushed. This operation will remove scale, rust, and organic and inorganic deposits from the pipes. Flushing can be carried out in various ways, some of which require the use of a compressor. According to the rules, upon completion of this procedure, the quality of its implementation should be checked by cutting out a section 0.5 m long in an arbitrary place of the pipeline and assessing the condition of its internal surface.

The preparatory stage ends with the installation of a check valve and a pressure gauge, if they are not part of the injection device. A check valve is necessary to retain the working medium in the system.

When testing heating systems of apartment buildings, work on preparing the heating unit is carried out separately from the entire system and after it. This is due to the fact that this unit is tested with a higher pressure value.

Crimping machines, pumps for crimping pipes

First of all, the pumps used for pressure testing differ in the design of the discharge mechanism.

On this basis they are divided into the following groups:

Piston.

Vane-rotor.

Membrane.

For crimping systems with a small volume, for example, heating circuits in private homes, you can purchase an inexpensive and easy-to-maintain manual crimping machine.

Using such a device, the operator will be able to pump up to 3 liters of working fluid per minute into the pipeline. For a multi-storey building, this option, of course, will be unacceptable; here you will need a crimping machine with an electric or internal combustion engine drive.

The most popular is the domestically produced manual crimping machine UGO-30, designed for a maximum pressure of 30 atm. The cylinder volume is 36 cubic meters. cm, force on the handle – 2 kg. Equipped with a 16 liter tank.

For more serious tasks, manual two-stage pumps UGO-50 (up to 50 atm) and UGI-450 (up to 450 atm) are intended.

Manual hydraulic crimping machine UGO 30

Among electric crimpers, units from the German company Rothenberger are known, for example, the self-priming model RP PRO II, which develops a pressure of 60 atm and a flow of 8 l/min. The drive power is 1.6 kW.

Ridgid products are also highly rated, for example, model 1460-E. This crimping machine develops pressure up to 40 atm.

The autonomous water supply system will operate uninterruptedly only if the pressure switch for the hydraulic accumulator is correctly configured. Let's consider the principle of operation and the procedure for adjusting the relay.

Read how to make a drainage well with your own hands here.

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How it's done?

The general scheme of hydropneumatic tests is as follows:

The part of the system being tested is isolated by shutting off the shut-off or control valves (the sewer pipes are closed with rubber plugs or wooden plugs wrapped in rags).

Next, the system is completely filled with water. In the heating system, air is released through air vents installed at the very top.

A pressure testing pump is connected to the pipeline, which pumps a certain amount of working fluid into the system, creating the pressure required by the test regulations.

When the required pressure is reached, the pressure tester switches off. In this case, the observer records the readings on the pressure gauge.

The system remains under pressure for a certain period of time. The exposure time can range from 0.5 hours (for heating systems) to 6 – 8 hours.

After the appointed time has expired, the observer takes readings from the pressure gauge again. If the pressure differs from the original value, then there is a leak in the system that should be found and repaired. After this, crimping is performed again.

Pressure testing of heating system with air

The following connection points are usually used:

For heating systems: a special valve on one of the radiators, or a drain valve on the elevator unit (in centralized systems).

For water supply systems: one of the connections to a cold or hot water tap.

For the sewerage system: any of the revisions, usually installed in increments of 40 - 50 m.

If the heating system has been tested, the Hydropneumatic Test Report is signed by representatives of the heating network and the organization providing heat supply. Next, the inspector checks the coolant for hardness.

SNiP

Data on the procedure for performing pressure testing of pipelines, technological diagrams of this process and safety precautions are contained in the relevant sections of the following SNiPs:

SNiP 3.05.01-85 (dedicated to internal sanitary systems).

SNiP 41-01-2003 (outlines the issues of organizing heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems).

SNiP 3.05.04-85 (applies to external drainage systems).

The method of pressure testing of pipelines of industrial enterprises is specified in industry standards.

Among other things, these documents establish the value of the test pressure. It depends on the material of the pipeline, the thickness of its walls (the minimum value is taken), the difference in height between the uppermost and lower elements of the system and other factors. Most often, the pressure during hydropneumatic tests is developed to the following values:

in pressure pipelines (water supply): 10 – 15 atm.;

cast iron sewerage: 1.5 atm.;

non-pressure polymer pipes: 1.5 – 2 atm.;

heating systems in apartment buildings (with cast iron radiators): 2 – 5 atm. (according to SNiP - at least 1.5 working pressure);

input node (in centralized systems): 10 atm.;

When pressure testing a heating system in private homes, a pressure of up to 2 atm is sufficient. (there is no point in pumping higher: the emergency valve is usually set to this level).

Safety measures when crimping pipelines

The main safety requirements are to limit the value of the test pressure. If it is too high, some elements may be destroyed. To insure against such troubles, it is better to use a crimping machine with a special limiter.

Price

The cost of crimping depends on several factors:

length (internal volume) of the system;

the age of the system and the condition of its constituent elements (the amount of rust and dirt and salt deposits);

type of equipment used.

Prices from different performers, even within the same city, may differ by 2–3 times. Private teams and craftsmen charge the cheapest for their services.